JP7495050B2 - Soil treatment agent for agricultural and horticultural fungal disease inhibitors - Google Patents
Soil treatment agent for agricultural and horticultural fungal disease inhibitors Download PDFInfo
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- JP7495050B2 JP7495050B2 JP2018123012A JP2018123012A JP7495050B2 JP 7495050 B2 JP7495050 B2 JP 7495050B2 JP 2018123012 A JP2018123012 A JP 2018123012A JP 2018123012 A JP2018123012 A JP 2018123012A JP 7495050 B2 JP7495050 B2 JP 7495050B2
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- agricultural
- horticultural
- plant
- soil treatment
- bacillus
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Description
本発明は農園芸用植物病害抑制組成物、及びそれを使用した農園芸植物の栽培方法に関する。さらに詳しく言えば、バチルス属細菌を含有し、そのバチルス属細菌が植物の病害抵抗性を誘導して植物病害を抑制する組成物、及びその組成物で植物を定植する土壌を処理する農園芸植物の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition and a method for cultivating agricultural and horticultural plants using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition that contains a bacterium of the genus Bacillus, which induces disease resistance in plants and suppresses plant diseases, and a method for cultivating agricultural and horticultural plants in which the soil in which the plants are to be planted is treated with the composition.
植物育成技術は、農業、観光、防災、教育などあらゆる分野で必要な技術である。育成中は灌水、施肥を行い、同時に害虫駆除や病害防除のための処理を適切に行う。
適切な病害防除を施さない場合、葉の場合は葉面病斑が生じ、落葉し、花の場合は花弁の褐変や開花不良、果実の場合は収量低下や味への影響などが問題になる。
農園芸植物病害の中で主要な病害として、うどんこ病、黒星病などが挙げられる。例えば、うどんこ病は家庭園芸で人気のあるキュウリやナスなどに発症し、果実の品質及び収量に影響を及ぼす。市場に流通するベニカグリーンVスプレーやパンチョTF顆粒水和剤(共に住友化学園芸(株)製)などを葉面へ散布処理することにより被害を抑制することができるが、葉面散布剤は葉面に十分量をムラなく処理する必要があり、時間と労力を要する。
Plant cultivation techniques are necessary in a variety of fields, including agriculture, tourism, disaster prevention, and education. During cultivation, irrigation and fertilization are carried out, and at the same time, appropriate treatments are carried out to eliminate pests and prevent diseases.
If appropriate disease control is not carried out, problems such as leaf spot development and leaf drop will occur in the leaves, browning of petals and poor flowering in the flowers, and reduced yield and effects on taste in the fruit will occur.
Major diseases of agricultural and horticultural plants include powdery mildew and black spot. For example, powdery mildew develops on cucumbers and eggplants, which are popular in home gardening, and affects the quality and yield of the fruit. Damage can be suppressed by spraying the leaves with Benica Green V Spray or Pancho TF granular water dispersible agent (both manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Garden Products Co., Ltd.), which are available on the market, but foliar sprays require a sufficient amount of the agent to be applied evenly to the leaves, which takes time and effort.
虫害対策としては、例えば、殺虫剤であるオルトラン粒剤(住友化学園芸(株)製)やダントツ(登録商標)粒剤(住友化学(株)製)が市販されている。植物の株元を薬剤で処理すると粒剤の有効成分が土壌の水分に溶けだす。植物の根が土壌中の水分を吸い上げ、植物体内全体に有効成分が行き渡る。作業者は薬剤を植物の株元に散布するのみであり、前述の葉面散布剤と比較すると大幅な省力化になる。
省力化は殺菌剤でも求められている。植物(例えば、イネ)の病害抵抗性を化学合成品で誘導する技術が提案され(特開平7-184659号公報;特許文献1)、植物の病害抵抗性を向上させるオリゼメート(登録商標)粒剤(Meiji Seika ファルマ(株)製)などが販売されているが、使用者の中には化学反応で合成する殺虫剤や殺菌剤に対して毒性や環境汚染に懸念を抱いている人も多く、特に家庭園芸場面の場合には、天然物質や微生物を利用する技術が求められている。
As a measure against insect damage, for example, the insecticides Ortran Granules (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Gardening Co., Ltd.) and Dantotsu (registered trademark) Granules (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) are commercially available. When the base of a plant is treated with the agent, the active ingredient of the granules dissolves in the moisture of the soil. The plant's roots absorb the moisture in the soil, and the active ingredient is distributed throughout the plant. The worker only needs to spray the agent at the base of the plant, which is a significant labor saving compared to the foliar sprays mentioned above.
Labor-saving is also required for fungicides. A technology has been proposed to induce disease resistance in plants (e.g., rice) using chemically synthesized products (JP Patent Publication 7-184659; Patent Document 1), and Oryzemate (registered trademark) granules (manufactured by Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.) that improve plant disease resistance are on the market, but many users are concerned about the toxicity and environmental pollution of insecticides and fungicides synthesized by chemical reactions, and therefore, particularly in the case of home gardening, technologies that utilize natural substances and microorganisms are required.
バチルス・アミロリクエファシエンスの葉面処理により病害を抑制する技術が知られている。これは病原性菌と非病原性菌の拮抗によるものである(特許第3482462号公報;特許文献2)。
植物の病害抵抗性が誘導されると植物体内のサリチル酸濃度が高まる。サリチル酸濃度が高まるとPRタンパク質(PR:Pathogenesis Related)のうち、PR1及びPR5等の病害抵抗性に効果のあるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の転写を活性化し、抗菌性物質等を作ることが知られている(細胞工学別冊 植物細胞工学シリーズ19 新版分子レベルからみた植物の耐病性、秀潤社;非特許文献2)。
バチルス・チューリンゲンシスのトマト病害抵抗性誘導効果を利用した青枯病防除法が知られている(Microbes Environ.,Vol.28,No.1,128~134,2013;非特許文献1)。この方法は、微生物製剤で土壌を処理し、土壌から感染する植物病害の防除を対象とする点で、地上部で感染する植物病害の防除を対象とする本発明とは相違している。
A technique for suppressing disease damage by foliar treatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is known, which relies on antagonism between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria (Japanese Patent No. 3482462; Patent Document 2).
When disease resistance is induced in a plant, the concentration of salicylic acid in the plant body increases. It is known that an increase in the concentration of salicylic acid activates the transcription of genes encoding proteins that are effective in disease resistance, such as PR1 and PR5, among PR proteins (PR: Pathogenesis Related), and produces antibacterial substances (Cell Engineering Special Issue, Plant Cell Engineering Series 19, New Edition: Plant Disease Resistance from the Molecular Level, Shujunsha; Non-Patent Document 2).
A method for controlling bacterial wilt disease utilizing the disease resistance induction effect of Bacillus thuringiensis in tomato is known (Microbes Environ., Vol. 28, No. 1, 128-134, 2013; Non-Patent Document 1). This method is different from the present invention, which is directed to the control of plant diseases transmitted through above-ground parts, in that it targets the control of plant diseases transmitted through soil by treating soil with a microbial preparation.
本発明の課題は、天然由来物質を有効成分とする農園芸用植物病害抑制組成物、及びそれを使用した農園芸植物の栽培方法を提供することにある。 The objective of the present invention is to provide a composition for suppressing agricultural and horticultural plant diseases that contains naturally occurring substances as active ingredients, and a method for cultivating agricultural and horticultural plants using the composition.
本発明者らは鋭意検討を重ねた結果、バチルス属細菌を土壌に処理することにより、植物の抵抗性を誘導して、地上部で感染する病害から植物を防除できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 As a result of extensive research, the inventors discovered that treating soil with Bacillus bacteria can induce resistance in plants and protect them from diseases that infect above-ground parts, thus completing the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、下記[1]~[6]の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物、及び[7]~[10]の農園芸植物の栽培方法に関する。
[1] バチルス属細菌を有効成分として含有する農園芸植物病害抑制組成物。
[2] バチルス属細菌がバチルス・チューリンゲンシスである前項1に記載の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物。
[3] バチルス属細菌が植物体の病害抵抗性を誘導する前項1または2に記載の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物。
[4] 農園芸植物病害が、糸状菌による病害である前項1~3のいずれかに記載の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物。
[5] 糸状菌による農園芸植物病害がうどんこ病、及び黒星病である前項4に記載の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物。
[6] 農園芸植物が、バラ、キュウリ、ナスまたはイチゴである前項1~5のいずれかに記載の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物。
[7] 前項1~6のいずれかに記載の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物で農園芸植物の栽培土壌を処理することを特徴とする農園芸植物の栽培方法。
[8] 農園芸植物病害抑制組成物を農園芸植物の栽培土壌に散布または混和する項7に記載の農園芸植物の栽培方法。
[9] 農園芸植物が、バラ、キュウリ、ナスまたはイチゴである前項7または8に記載の農園芸植物の栽培方法。
[10] 植物1株あたり1.3×1010~1.3×1012CFUのバチルス属細菌に相当する量の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物を土壌に散布または混和する前項7~9のいずれかに記載の農園芸植物の栽培方法。
That is, the present invention relates to the following agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression compositions [1] to [6] and agricultural and horticultural plant cultivation methods [7] to [10].
[1] A composition for suppressing agricultural and horticultural plant diseases, comprising a bacterium of the genus Bacillus as an active ingredient.
[2] The agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition according to the
[3] The agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition according to the
[4] The agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition according to any one of the
[5] The agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition according to the above item 4, wherein the agricultural and horticultural plant disease caused by a filamentous fungus is powdery mildew and black spot.
[6] The composition for suppressing agricultural and horticultural plant diseases according to any one of
[7] A method for cultivating an agricultural or horticultural plant, comprising treating soil for cultivating the agricultural or horticultural plant with the agricultural or horticultural plant disease suppression composition according to any one of
[8] The method for cultivating an agricultural or horticultural plant according to item 7, wherein the agricultural or horticultural plant disease suppression composition is sprayed or mixed into soil for cultivating the agricultural or horticultural plant.
[9] The method for cultivating an agricultural or horticultural plant according to the above item 7 or 8, wherein the agricultural or horticultural plant is a rose, a cucumber, an eggplant or a strawberry.
[10] The method for cultivating an agricultural or horticultural plant according to any one of items 7 to 9, wherein the agricultural or horticultural plant disease suppression composition in an amount equivalent to 1.3×10 10 to 1.3×10 12 CFU of Bacillus bacteria per plant is sprayed or mixed into soil.
バチルス属細菌を農園芸用植物病害抑制の有効成分として含有する本発明の農園芸用植物病害抑制組成物は、家庭園芸の場面で求められている天然由来物質を有効成分とする農薬であり、消費者が毒性や環境汚染を懸念せずに農園芸用植物を栽培することができる。また、使用者の労力低減に寄与する土壌処理技術により農園芸用植物を栽培することができる。 The agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition of the present invention, which contains Bacillus bacteria as an active ingredient for suppressing agricultural and horticultural plant diseases, is an agricultural chemical that contains a naturally occurring substance as an active ingredient, which is in demand in home gardening, and allows consumers to cultivate agricultural and horticultural plants without worrying about toxicity or environmental pollution. In addition, agricultural and horticultural plants can be cultivated using soil treatment techniques that contribute to reducing the labor required by users.
本発明に係る農園芸用植物病害抑制組成物の有効成分はバチルス属細菌である。
バチルス属細菌は、フィルミクテス門バチルス網バチルス目バチルス科に分類される真正細菌であり、例えばバチルス・ズブチリス、バチルス・セレウス、バチルス・アントラシス、バチルス・チューリンゲンシスなどの種類があり、自然界に広く分布しているごく一般的な細菌の一種である。
農薬業界では、バチルス・ズブチリスは病原性細菌との拮抗作用を利用した病害防除薬として用いられ(例:ボトキラー(登録商標)水和剤;出光興産(株))、バチルス・チューリンゲンシスは結晶性タンパク質毒素を有し、それを喫食した鱗翅目が死ぬことから殺虫剤として用いられている(例:ゼンターリ(登録商標)顆粒水和剤;住友化学(株)他)。
The active ingredient of the agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition according to the present invention is a bacterium of the genus Bacillus.
The genus Bacillus is a type of eubacteria that is classified into the order Bacillales, class Bacilli, phylum Firmicutes, and family Bacillaceae. Examples of species include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus thuringiensis. Bacillus is a very common type of bacteria that is widely distributed in nature.
In the agricultural chemical industry, Bacillus subtilis is used as a disease control agent utilizing its antagonistic action against pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Botkiller (registered trademark) wettable powder; Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.), and Bacillus thuringiensis is used as an insecticide because it contains a crystalline protein toxin that kills lepidoptera that ingest it (e.g., Zentari (registered trademark) wettable powder; Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. and others).
本発明の農園芸植物病害抑制組成物は、有効成分(バチルス属細菌)で土壌を処理することにより農園芸植物の病害抑制効果を示す。本発明の組成物は、バチルス属細菌が植物体の病害抵抗性を誘導することにより効果を発揮すると考えられる。
土壌処理する農園芸植物病害抑制組成物の使用量は農園芸植物の病害抑制効果を示す量であればよく特に限定されないが、通常、バチルス属細菌の菌数濃度が植物1株あたり、1.3×1010~1.3×1012CFUとなる量である。濃度は低すぎると薬効が得られず、高すぎるとコスト面で量産化が難しくなる。
本発明では、細菌(細菌の培養物)をそのまま使用することも可能であるが、作業性を考慮すると、通常の農薬と同様に、粒剤、粉剤、水和剤などに製剤化して利用することが好ましい。
例えば、粒剤や粉剤であれば、所望により界面活性剤、結合剤、着色剤、防腐剤、酸化防止剤、増量剤などを混合することもできる。
The agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition of the present invention exhibits disease suppression effects on agricultural and horticultural plants by treating soil with the active ingredient (Bacillus bacteria). It is believed that the composition of the present invention exerts its effect by inducing disease resistance in plants by the Bacillus bacteria.
The amount of the agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition used for soil treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is an amount that exhibits an agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression effect, but is usually an amount that results in a bacterial concentration of the Bacillus bacteria of 1.3 x 10 to 1.3 x 10 CFU per plant. If the concentration is too low, the medicinal effect will not be obtained, and if it is too high, mass production will be difficult in terms of cost.
In the present invention, the bacteria (bacterial culture) can be used as is, but in consideration of workability, it is preferable to formulate the bacteria into granules, dusts, wettable powders, etc., in the same manner as ordinary pesticides.
For example, in the case of granules or powders, surfactants, binders, colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, bulking agents, etc. can be mixed as desired.
界面活性剤としては、非イオン性界面活性剤、陰イオン性界面活性剤などを用いることができる。
非イオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシアルキレンアリルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアリルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンスチリルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルホルムアルデヒド縮合物、ポリオキシエチレン-ポリオキシプロピレンブロックポリマー、ポリオキシエチレン-ポリオキシプロピレンブロックポリマーアルキルフェニルエーテル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル(例、ソルビタンモノオレート、ソルビタンラウレート)、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンカスターオイルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
As the surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or the like can be used.
Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyoxyalkylene allyl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene allyl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether formaldehyde condensates, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymers, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer alkyl phenyl ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan laurate), polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene castor oil ethers, and polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters.
陰イオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、硫酸アルキル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸、ポリオキシエチレンベンジル(またはスチリル)フェニルエーテル硫酸またはポリオキシエチレン-ポリオキシプロピレンブロックポリマー硫酸のナトリウム、カルシウムまたはアンモニウムの各塩;スルホン酸アルキル、ジアルキルスルホサクシネート、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸(例、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸カルシウムなど)、モノ-またはジ-アルキルナフタレン酸スルホン酸、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルムアルデヒド縮合物、リグニンスルホン酸、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルスルホン酸またはポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルスルホサクシネートのナトリウム、カルシウム、アンモニウムまたはアルカノールアミン塩の各塩;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルホスフェート、ポリオキシエチレンモノ-またはジ-アルキルフェニルエーテルホスフェート、ポリオキシエチレンベンジル(またはスチリル)フェニルエーテルホスフェートまたはポリオキシエチレン-ポリオキシプロピレンブロックポリマーホスフェートのナトリウムまたはカルシウム塩などの各塩が挙げられる。 Examples of anionic surfactants include sodium, calcium, or ammonium salts of alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl ether sulfate, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate; sodium, calcium, ammonium, or alkanolamine salts of alkyl sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl benzene sulfonate (e.g., calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, etc.), mono- or di-alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, lignin sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfonate, or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinate; and sodium or calcium salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene mono- or di-alkyl phenyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl ether phosphate, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphate.
結合剤としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アルギン酸ナトリウム、澱粉シクロデキストリン、デキストリン、リグニンスルホン酸塩などが挙げられる。 Examples of binders include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, starch cyclodextrin, dextrin, and lignin sulfonate.
着色剤としては、例えば、亜鉛華、亜酸化銅、ウォッチングレッド、塩素法酸化チタン顔料、オイルファーネスブラック、黄鉛、オキシサルファイド蛍光体、カドミウムイエロー、カドミウムレッド、蛍光顔料、黒鉛、黒色酸化鉄、極微細炭酸カルシウム、コバルト青、コバルト緑、コバルト紫、胡粉、紺青、サーマルブラック、酸化クロム、酸化チタン(アタナース)、酸化チタン(ルチル)、酸化銅、ジスアゾイエロー、赤色酸化鉄、造粒カーボンブラック、茶色酸化鉄、チャンネルブラック、超微粒子状酸化チタン、鉄黒、天然黒鉛粉末、銅フタロシアニンブルー、銅フタロシアニングリーン、バナデート蛍光体、微粒子酸化チタン、ファストイエロー10G、ベンガラ、モリブデンレッドなどが挙げられる。 Examples of colorants include zinc oxide, cuprous oxide, watching red, chlorine method titanium oxide pigment, oil furnace black, yellow lead, oxysulfide phosphor, cadmium yellow, cadmium red, fluorescent pigment, graphite, black iron oxide, ultrafine calcium carbonate, cobalt blue, cobalt green, cobalt purple, chalk powder, Prussian blue, thermal black, chromium oxide, titanium oxide (athanase), titanium oxide (rutile), copper oxide, disazo yellow, red iron oxide, granulated carbon black, brown iron oxide, channel black, ultrafine titanium oxide, iron black, natural graphite powder, copper phthalocyanine blue, copper phthalocyanine green, vanadate phosphor, fine titanium oxide, fast yellow 10G, red iron oxide, and molybdenum red.
防腐剤としては、例えば、プリベントール(登録商標)D2(化学名:ベンジルアルコールモノ(ポリ)ヘミホルマル)、PROXEL(登録商標) GXL(S)(化学名:1,2-ベンゾイソチアゾリン-3-オン,20%)、バイオホープ(登録商標)及びバイオホープL(化学名:有機窒素硫黄系複合物、有機臭素系化合物)、ベストサイド(登録商標)-750(化学名:イソチアゾリン系化合物、2.5~6.0%)、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-ブロモ-2-ニトロプロパン-1,3-ジオール、安息香酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸カリウム、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、パラクロロメタキシレノール、2,6-ジメチルフェノールなどが挙げられる。 Examples of preservatives include Preventol (registered trademark) D2 (chemical name: benzyl alcohol mono (poly) hemiformal), PROXEL (registered trademark) GXL (S) (chemical name: 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 20%), Biohope (registered trademark) and Biohope L (chemical name: organic nitrogen sulfur compound, organic bromine compound), Bestside (registered trademark) -750 (chemical name: isothiazolin-based compound, 2.5 to 6.0%), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, parachlorometaxylenol, and 2,6-dimethylphenol.
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、テトラキス〔メチレン-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート〕メタン(トミノックス(登録商標)TT,(株)エーピーアイコーポレーション,商品名/IRGANOX(登録商標)1010またはIRGANOX1010EDS,チバ・ジャパン(株),商品名)、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)、没食子酸プロピル、及びビタミンE、混合トコフェロール、α-トコフェロール、エトキシキン及びアスコルビン酸などが挙げられる。 Examples of antioxidants include tetrakis[methylene-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane (Tominox (registered trademark) TT, API Corporation, product name/IRGANOX (registered trademark) 1010 or IRGANOX 1010EDS, Ciba Japan, product name), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate, vitamin E, mixed tocopherols, α-tocopherol, ethoxyquin, and ascorbic acid.
増量剤としては例えばクレー、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、ベントナイト、珪砂、珪石、ゼオライト、珪藻土などが挙げられる。 Examples of bulking agents include clay, calcium carbonate, talc, bentonite, silica sand, silica stone, zeolite, and diatomaceous earth.
また、押し出し造粒などの場合は加水が必要になる場合がある。水としては、水道水、イオン交換水、蒸留水、ろ過処理した水、滅菌処理した水、地下水などが用いられる。 In addition, in the case of extrusion granulation, it may be necessary to add water. The water that can be used may be tap water, ion-exchanged water, distilled water, filtered water, sterilized water, groundwater, etc.
本発明の農園芸病抑制組成物が効果を示す病害は糸状菌による病気である。糸状菌による病害としてはうどんこ病及び黒星病が挙げられる。
また、対象となる農園芸植物としてはブドウ、麦類、モモ、イチゴ、トマト、キュウリ、バラ、クワ、ナシ、カキ、リンゴ、カンショなどが挙げられ、これらの中でもバラ、キュウリ、ナスまたはイチゴが好ましい。
The agricultural and horticultural disease suppression composition of the present invention is effective against diseases caused by filamentous fungi, including powdery mildew and black spot.
Target horticultural plants include grapes, wheat, peaches, strawberries, tomatoes, cucumbers, roses, mulberries, pears, persimmons, apples, sweet potatoes, etc., and among these, roses, cucumbers, eggplants, and strawberries are preferred.
本発明では、バチルス属細菌を含む培養物、または培養物から調製した製剤を土壌に処理して植物病害を抑制する。具体的には、種発芽後や苗を定植した株元の土壌表層に処理したり、播種時、苗定植時に同時に土壌混和する方法等が挙げられる。 In the present invention, a culture containing a bacterium of the genus Bacillus or a preparation prepared from the culture is applied to soil to suppress plant diseases. Specifically, the method includes applying the preparation to the surface of the soil after seeds germinate or around the base of planted seedlings, or mixing the preparation into the soil at the same time as sowing seeds or planting seedlings.
次に、実施例、比較例及び試験例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例のみに限定されるものではない。なお、下記の例中、部は質量部を表わす。 実施例及び比較例の処方で用いた成分は以下の通りである。
(1)バチルス・チューリンゲンシス ゼンターリ顆粒水和剤の原体(住友化学(株)製)
(2)リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム:ニューカルゲンWG4(竹本油脂(株)製)
(3)ポリオキシアルキレンアリルフェニルエーテルサルフェートアンモニウム:ニューカルゲンFS-700PG(竹本油脂(株)製)
(4)クレー:クレー粒剤用((株)勝光山鉱業所製)
The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to examples, comparative examples, and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following examples, "parts" refers to parts by mass. The components used in the formulations of the examples and comparative examples are as follows.
(1) Bacillus thuringiensis Zentari Water Dispersible Granule Active Ingredient (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.)
(2) Sodium lignin sulfonate: New Calgen WG4 (manufactured by Takemoto Oil Co., Ltd.)
(3) Polyoxyalkylene allyl phenyl ether sulfate ammonium: New Calgen FS-700PG (manufactured by Takemoto Oil Co., Ltd.)
(4) Clay: for clay granules (manufactured by Shokozan Kogyosho Co., Ltd.)
実施例1:
バチルス・チューリンゲンシス ゼンターリ原体[住友化学(株)より販売されているゼンターリ顆粒水和剤の原体:住友化学(株)製、以下BT原体]を3.0×108CFU/mLとなるように滅菌したイオン交換水を混合・撹拌して実施例1の組成物を調製した。
BT原体を滅菌水に希釈して標準寒天培地にて35℃48時間培養で確認したところ、1gあたり、6.7×1010CFUを検出した。
Example 1:
The composition of Example 1 was prepared by mixing and stirring Bacillus thuringiensis Zentari active ingredient (the active ingredient of Zentari granular water dispersible sold by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.: manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as BT active ingredient) with sterilized ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 3.0 x 10 8 CFU/mL.
The BT bulk substance was diluted with sterilized water and cultured on a standard agar medium at 35° C. for 48 hours, whereupon 6.7×10 10 CFU per gram were detected.
実施例2:
BT原体のみを1.3×1011CFU(2.0g)処理する試験区を実施例2とした。
Example 2:
A test group treated with only BT technical substance at 1.3×10 11 CFU (2.0 g) was designated as Example 2.
実施例3:
BT原体のみを6.7×1010CFU(1.0g)処理する試験区を実施例3とした。
Example 3:
A test group in which only BT technical substance was treated at 6.7×10 10 CFU (1.0 g) was designated as Example 3.
実施例4:
BT原体のみを3.4×1010CFU(0.5g)処理する試験区を実施例4とした。
Example 4:
Example 4 was a test group in which 3.4×10 10 CFU (0.5 g) of BT technical substance alone was treated.
実施例5:
BT原体のみを1.3×1010CFU(0.2g)処理する試験区を実施例5とした。
Example 5:
Example 5 was a test group in which 1.3×10 10 CFU (0.2 g) of BT technical substance alone was treated.
実施例6:
BT原体のみを2.6×109CFU(0.04g)処理する試験区を実施例6とした。
Example 6:
Example 6 was a test group in which 2.6×10 9 CFU (0.04 g) of BT technical substance alone was treated.
実施例7:
BT原体を20部、ニューカルゲンWG4を2部、ニューカルゲンFS-700PGを3部及びクレーを残部(合計100部)混合した。さらに押し出し造粒機で造粒するために水道水を18部加えた。粒形成後、流動層乾燥機で乾燥させた(水は最終組成物に含まない)ものを処理する試験区を実施例7とした。
Example 7:
20 parts of BT bulk material, 2 parts of New Calgen WG4, 3 parts of New Calgen FS-700PG, and the remaining part of clay (total 100 parts) were mixed. 18 parts of tap water was added for granulation in an extrusion granulator. After granulation, the mixture was dried in a fluidized bed dryer (water was not included in the final composition) and treated in the test area designated as Example 7.
比較例1:
滅菌水のみからなる組成物を比較例1とした。
Comparative Example 1:
A composition consisting of sterile water alone was used as Comparative Example 1.
比較例2:
何も処理しない試験区を比較例2とした。
Comparative Example 2:
The test area that was not treated was used as Comparative Example 2.
試験例1:
滅菌した園芸培土(ニッピPp園芸培土、日本肥糧(株))を充填した農園芸用128穴セルトレイにトマトを播種し、グロースチャンバー内(条件:25℃16時間(明:蛍光灯オン)、25℃8時間(暗:蛍光灯オフ、滅菌水で適宜灌水)で3週間育成した。
セルトレイから土壌ごと苗を取り出し、実施例1(BT原体希釈液)及び比較例1(滅菌水)の液体に苗を入れ、前述グロースチャンバー条件にて48時間保持した。
その後、供試植物からRNAを抽出し、定量PCR法を用いて遺伝子発現状態を確認した結果を図1に示す。
図1の通り、一株に対し3.0×108処理することで実施例1では生体防御タンパク質PR1及びPR5遺伝子の発現誘導が確認された。バチルス属細菌を処理することで病害抵抗性が高まった状態であることが確認された。
Test Example 1:
Tomatoes were sown in 128-hole horticultural cell trays filled with sterilized horticultural soil (Nippi Pp horticultural soil, Nippon Hiryo Co., Ltd.) and grown for 3 weeks in a growth chamber (conditions: 25°C for 16 hours (light: fluorescent light on), 25°C for 8 hours (dark: fluorescent light off, appropriate irrigation with sterilized water).
The seedlings together with the soil were removed from the cell tray, placed in the liquid of Example 1 (BT bulk dilution solution) and Comparative Example 1 (sterile water), and maintained for 48 hours under the above-mentioned growth chamber conditions.
Thereafter, RNA was extracted from the test plants, and the gene expression state was confirmed by quantitative PCR. The results are shown in FIG.
As shown in Figure 1, induction of expression of the biodefense protein genes PR1 and PR5 was confirmed by treating one strain with 3.0 x 108 in Example 1. It was confirmed that disease resistance was enhanced by treating Bacillus bacteria.
試験例2:
ナスを定植し、13日後に実施例2~6の組成物を株元に散布した。薬剤処理後3日間は十分量灌水した。薬剤処理1日後に、うどんこ病菌をダスティング法で接種した。薬剤処理29日後に防除効果を調査した結果を表1に示す。また、比較対照として比較例2も同時に実施した。
Test Example 2:
The eggplants were planted, and 13 days later, the compositions of Examples 2 to 6 were sprayed around the base of the plants. After the treatment, the plants were irrigated with sufficient water for 3 days. After 1 day from the treatment, powdery mildew fungus was inoculated by dusting method. The control effect was investigated 29 days after the treatment, and the results are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 2 was also carried out at the same time as a control.
試験例2、3、4及び6の発病度及び防除価は新農薬実用化試験の手引きに準じた方法で下記の通り算出した。
[発病度]
調査葉を目視にて確認し、下記の基準で発病程度を分類した。
0:病斑を認めない。
1:病斑がわずかに(数個)認められる。
2:病斑が葉面積の1/4未満を占める。
3:病斑が葉面積の1/4~1/2未満を占める。
4:病斑が葉面積の1/2以上を占める。
The disease severity and control value in Test Examples 2, 3, 4 and 6 were calculated as follows according to the method prescribed in the New Pesticide Practical Application Test Manual.
[Severity of disease]
The surveyed leaves were visually inspected and the severity of the disease was classified according to the following criteria.
0: No lesions observed.
1: A few lesions (several) are observed.
2: Lesions occupy less than 1/4 of the leaf area.
3: Lesions occupy less than 1/4 to 1/2 of the leaf area.
4: Lesions occupy more than 1/2 of the leaf area.
上記分類結果を下記数式(1)により反復ごとに発病度を得た。
[防除価]
無処理区を対照として、下記数式(2)に従って防除価を得た。防除価算出に用いる発病度は反復の平均値を用いた。
A:91以上
B:71~91
C:51~70
D:50以下
[Control value]
Using an untreated plot as a control, the control value was calculated according to the following mathematical formula (2): The disease incidence used to calculate the control value was the average value of the replicates.
A: 91 or more B: 71 to 91
C: 51-70
D: 50 or less
表1の結果から、ナス/うどんこ病に対する薬効を得るためには1.3×1010CFU/株以上での処理が必要であることが分かる。 The results in Table 1 show that in order to obtain efficacy against eggplant/powdery mildew, treatment with 1.3×10 10 CFU/strain or more is necessary.
試験例3:
工業利用を見据え、粒剤に製剤化した組成物についての試験(実施例7)を行い、BT原体そのもの(実施例2)及び無処理(比較例2)と比較した。粒剤は下の通り調製した。
キュウリを定植し、1日後に実施例2の原体2.0g及び実施例7の製剤(粒剤)10gを株元に散布した。薬剤処理5日後に、うどんこ病菌をダスティング法で接種した。薬剤処理25日後に防除効果を調査した結果を表2に示す。また、比較対照として比較例2も同時に実施した。
Test Example 3:
With an eye on industrial use, a test was conducted on a composition formulated into granules (Example 7) and compared with the BT technical substance itself (Example 2) and with no treatment (Comparative Example 2). The granules were prepared as follows.
Cucumbers were planted, and one day later, 2.0 g of the active ingredient of Example 2 and 10 g of the formulation (granules) of Example 7 were sprayed around the base of the plants. Five days after the treatment, powdery mildew fungus was inoculated by dusting method. The control effect was investigated 25 days after the treatment, and the results are shown in Table 2. Comparative Example 2 was also carried out at the same time as a control.
表2の結果から、BT原体の形態でも粒剤に製剤化したものでもキュウリ/うどんこ病に対する薬効を得ることが確認できた。 The results in Table 2 confirm that both the BT active ingredient and the granular formulation are effective against cucumber powdery mildew.
試験例4:
実施例7及び比較例2の試験区について、下記の通り試験を実施した。
イチゴを定植し、32日後に実施例7の粒剤5gを土壌混和にて処理した。薬剤処理1日後及び14日後に、うどんこ病菌をダスティング法で接種した。薬剤処理30日後に防除効果を調査した結果を表3に示す。また、比較対照として比較例2(無処理)も同時に実施した。
Test Example 4:
Tests were carried out on the test plots of Example 7 and Comparative Example 2 as follows.
Strawberries were planted, and 32 days later, 5 g of the granules of Example 7 were mixed into the soil and treated. One day and 14 days after the treatment, powdery mildew was inoculated by dusting method. The control effect was investigated 30 days after the treatment, and the results are shown in Table 3. Comparative Example 2 (untreated) was also carried out as a control.
表3の結果から、イチゴ/うどんこ病に対する薬効を得ることが確認できた。 The results in Table 3 confirm that the compound has efficacy against strawberry powdery mildew.
試験例5:
実施例7及び比較例2の試験区について下記の通り試験を実施した。
バラを定植し32日後に、実施例7の粒剤5gを株元に処理した。黒星病は自然発生とし、薬剤処理14日後に防除効果を調査した結果を表4に示す。また、比較対照として比較例2(無処理)も同時に実施した。
Test Example 5:
Tests were carried out on the test plots of Example 7 and Comparative Example 2 as follows.
Thirty-two days after planting, the base of the rose was treated with 5 g of the granules of Example 7. Black spot was allowed to develop naturally, and the control effect was investigated 14 days after the treatment, and the results are shown in Table 4. Comparative Example 2 (untreated) was also carried out as a control.
表4の結果から、バラ/黒星病に対する薬効を得ることが確認できた。 The results in Table 4 confirm that the compound has efficacy against rose black spot.
本発明の農園芸用植物病害抑制組成物は、家庭園芸の場面で求められている天然由来物質(バチルス属細菌)を有効成分として含有する農薬であり、環境汚染の問題がなく使用者が安全に作業して農園芸用植物を栽培することができる。 The agricultural and horticultural plant disease suppression composition of the present invention is an agricultural chemical that contains as an active ingredient a naturally occurring substance (Bacillus bacteria) that is in demand in home gardening, and allows users to cultivate agricultural and horticultural plants safely without the risk of environmental pollution.
Claims (4)
剤であって、該糸状菌起因病害がうどんこ病又は黒星病である、土壌処理用農園芸植物糸状菌起因病害抑制剤。 Soil treatment containing Bacillus bacteria as an active ingredient for suppressing fungal diseases of agricultural and horticultural plants
4. The soil treatment agent for suppressing a disease caused by a filamentous fungus in an agricultural or horticultural plant, wherein the disease caused by a filamentous fungus is powdery mildew or black spot .
4. The agent for suppressing a disease caused by a filamentous fungus in an agricultural or horticultural plant for soil treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the agricultural or horticultural plant is a rose, a cucumber, an eggplant, or a strawberry.
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