JP7488522B2 - A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, using distributed ledger technology such as blockchain and smart contracts.

Currently, there is a challenge to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 (making the amount of greenhouse gases emitted equal the amount absorbed or removed).
Effective measures for achieving carbon neutrality include increasing the proportion of electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, and trading of emissions rights between _CO2 absorbers and _CO2 emitters.

In the energy sector, the main sources of power are fossil energy sources that emit _CO2 , such as crude oil and gas, but there are an increasing number of cases where renewable energy sources, including fossil energy sources such as crude oil, are managed and traded in combination with _CO2 emission rights.
Price fluctuations are predicted for electricity generated from renewable energy sources, _CO2 emission credits, and electricity generated from fossil fuels such as crude oil, and there is a growing need to hedge (suppress) these price fluctuations.

Issues with renewable energy (difficulty in predicting power generation and large price fluctuations)
When it comes to renewable energy, sources such as solar and wind power, whose power output is difficult to predict, account for a large share.
Therefore, when the amount of electricity generated does not match the forecast, it is not uncommon for the trading price of electricity generated from renewable energy sources to skyrocket (fluctuations of up to 10 times) in spot electricity trading at the wholesale electricity exchange.
In particular, electricity consumption is high during the winter when there is little sunlight and during the summer when temperatures are high, so the trading price of electricity generated from renewable energy sources is likely to fluctuate greatly.
Furthermore, price fluctuations caused by a shortage of electricity generated from renewable energy sources are likely to have a negative impact on the trading price of electricity generated from fossil fuels such as oil, which compensates for the supply shortage.

However, in order to avoid price fluctuations, major electric power companies and others have concluded contracts with general trading companies to fix electricity prices. Therefore, even if a discrepancy occurs between the amount of electricity generated and the demand for electricity, there is no problem of large fluctuations in electricity prices.

On the other hand, emerging new power companies and others are not taking sufficient measures to avoid fluctuations in electricity prices.If they are unable to provide the expected amount of power, they will be forced to purchase electricity at unexpectedly high prices that exceed the prices contracted with their customers (electricity consumers), and there are concerns that this could lead to deterioration of their management and bankruptcy.
In the future, the proportion of electricity generated by renewable energy sources in the energy sector is likely to increase, and this could lead to even greater fluctuations in electricity spot trading prices on wholesale electricity exchanges.

Issues regarding CO2 emission rights (the volume of trading of enforceable CO2 _emission rights continues to decline, causing problems in the functioning of the market ₎
Regarding _CO2 emission rights, there are currently services related to the reduction and absorption of greenhouse gases such as _CO2 , such as J-Credit in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors, but these are not binding.
The volume of binding _CO2 emission rights traded in Japan continues to decline, and there are problems with the functioning of the market.

In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, it will be necessary to stabilize the prices of renewable energy and establish an enforceable market for _CO2 emission rights based on total emission limits.
However, unless prices for electricity generated from renewable energies and _CO2 emission credits are fixed as is the case with major electric power companies, price volatility will continue to rise, raising concerns that non-major companies participating in the trading of electricity generated from renewable energies and _CO2 emission credits will suffer damage from the risk of major price fluctuations.

Limitations of hedging with futuresCurrently , in electricity trading, futures trading is the only form of trading that functions as a hedge against the risk of price fluctuations.
However, futures are large-scale transactions based on long-term contracts, and are therefore unlikely to function effectively as a hedge against price fluctuations over a very short period of time, and cannot be traded in small units.
Moreover, futures are always traded in units of contract months (months when the contract expires), and the expiry date is determined at the time of futures trading. In long-term futures trading, the price difference between contract months becomes large due to differences in liquidity for each contract month, which leads to contract month rollovers and large rollover costs (spread impact costs).

Issues in utilizing electricity from renewable energiesCurrently , electricity from renewable energies cannot be managed separately from electricity from fossil fuels such as oil, and is mixed in with electricity when it enters the power grid.As a result, electricity from renewable energies is almost always treated the same as electricity from fossil fuels, and the _CO2 emissions reductions cannot be effectively utilized.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a system for stabilizing trading prices and electricity supply in energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energies, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, which significantly reduces the risk of price fluctuations in such trading, and which is capable of providing a stable supply of electricity, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energies, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity.

In order to achieve the above object, the system for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions, including transactions of electricity generated by renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity, according to the present invention, is a system configured using a distributed ledger technology such as blockchain and a smart contract, and is connected to a large number of small-scale electricity supply systems that supply small-scale electricity stored in home batteries, and includes a transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table having adjustment data such as transaction quantities for transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of a plurality of divided trading periods, a smart contract for updating and managing the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table, which calculates adjustment data such as transaction quantities, etc. for transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of a plurality of trading periods based on the difference in transaction prices for each trading period, and updates the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table using the calculated data, and It is characterized by comprising: a smart contract for hedging transactions that adjusts the trading volume based on adjustment data such as the trading volume for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging a table, and buys and sells (purchases) tokens for the purpose of hedging with the adjusted trading volume; a smart contract for hedge execution and settlement that automatically performs settlement processing at a specific date and time that is an arbitrarily set settlement time for the tokens sold and purchased by the smart contract for hedging transactions; a smart contract for retail electricity trading that conducts spot trading (or same-day trading) of the retail electricity; and a smart contract for retail electricity supply instructions that instructs each of the retail electricity supply systems to supply the retail electricity based on the content of the spot trading (or same-day trading) of the retail electricity conducted by the smart contract for retail electricity trading.
In this specification, a "smart contract" is a program that automates processing and runs on a distributed ledger technology such as blockchain.

In addition, the present invention relates to trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources and CO _2. In a system for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading including trading of emission rights and trading of small-scale electricity, the table storing data for adjusting trading volume, etc. includes, as data items, an average trading price for each trading period in a year for energy trading, a ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the average trading price for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period, a ratio of the average trading volume for each trading period based on the average trading volume for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period, a ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the trading price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding a specified trading period, and a ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the trading price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period, and the smart contract for updating and managing the table storing data for adjusting trading volume, etc. has a function of calculating or acquiring the average trading price for each trading period in a year, and a function of calculating or acquiring the average trading price for each trading period based on the average trading price for the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period using the calculated or acquired average trading price for each trading period. a function of calculating a ratio of an average transaction price of the specified trading period based on the average transaction price of the specified trading period; a function of calculating a ratio of an average transaction volume of the specified trading period based on the average transaction volume of the specified trading period for each trading period, using the calculated ratio of the average transaction price of the specified trading period based on the average transaction price of the specified trading period; a function of calculating a ratio of an average transaction price of the specified trading period based on the transaction price at the end of the specified trading period for each trading period, as a ratio for adjusting the transaction volume for hedging price fluctuations in the specified trading period based on the average transaction price of the specified trading period; a function of calculating a ratio of an average transaction volume of the specified trading period based on the average transaction volume of the specified trading period for each trading period, using the calculated ratio for adjusting the transaction volume for hedging price fluctuations in the specified trading period; and a function of updating and managing the transaction volume, etc. adjustment data storage table provided in a distributed ledger technology such as a blockchain and in an internal area of a smart contract for updating and managing the transaction volume, etc. adjustment data storage table using the calculated value.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the data storage table for adjusting trading quantities, etc. has data items for each trading period in a year set in units of one month or three months.

Furthermore, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the data storage table for adjusting trading quantity, etc. has a data item for each trading period in a year that has a number of slots equal to or greater than the number of slots into which a 24-hour period on each day is divided in electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, and that each unit period is set within the unit time of electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange.

Furthermore, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement has a function of determining a settlement price for renewable energy trading based on the spot trading price (or the trading price for that day) of the small-scale electricity during the time period of each settlement day, and automatically performing settlement processing by net settlement at the determined settlement price.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement further has a function of accepting the setting of an allowable spread for the settlement price from the seller and the buyer, and automatically performs settlement processing by net settlement for the amount of matching between sell orders and buy orders within the allowable spread range.

Furthermore, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement accepts settings of an allowable value for the spread on the settlement price from the seller and the buyer at any time until the time for settlement processing by net settlement arrives at a specific date and time that is the arbitrarily set settlement time.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing transaction prices and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated from renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity of the present invention, it is preferable that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement _further has, for transactions of _CO2 emission rights, a function for accepting the setting of a delivery schedule (timing, quantity) for _CO2 emission right tokens sold on margin by a seller, a function for accepting a deposit of collateral (digital currency) from the seller who sold the CO2 emission right tokens on margin, and a function for automatically carrying out settlement processing by physical delivery or cash settlement of the _CO2 emission right tokens by the settlement date.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing transaction prices and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement automatically performs settlement processing by using collateral to buy back the _CO2 emission right tokens sold on margin at current market value if no _CO2 emission right tokens are deposited by the time the settlement date arrives.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of the present invention, the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity has a function of accepting settings of the release area, release time zone, and amount of released power of the small-scale electricity based on the content of the spot trading (or same-day trading) of the small-scale electricity conducted by the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity based on the accepted settings of the release area, release time zone, and amount of released power, and each of the small-scale electricity supply systems is preferably equipped with a control means for supplying the small-scale electricity in the release area, release time zone, and amount of released power based on the instructions from the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity instructs the small-scale electricity supply system to supply the small-scale electricity so that a set amount of electricity is released from the household battery when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery exceeds a predetermined amount.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity further has a function of notifying the person inputting the settings of the amount of electricity to be released when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery is below a predetermined amount.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity further has a function of accepting a deposit of a security deposit (digital currency) from a seller of the token of the small-scale electricity, and a function of instructing other small-scale electricity supply systems to supply small-scale electricity when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery falls below a set amount of released electricity, by canceling the supply from the household battery of electricity that exceeds the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery, and using the security deposit to receive the canceled amount of small-scale electricity from another seller.

Furthermore, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the household battery is configured to store only electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power.

Furthermore, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, it is preferable that the household battery is equipped with a storage amount separation management means for separately managing the storage amount of electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation and the storage amount of electricity generated from external power.

According to the present invention, a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, which significantly reduces the risk of price fluctuations in such energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, and which is capable of supplying electricity stably, is obtained.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating the configuration of a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating an example of the data configuration of a data storage table for adjusting trading quantities, etc. in a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy _, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating the configuration of a _smart contract for updating and managing a data storage table for adjusting trading quantities, etc. in a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating a portion of the configuration of a smart contract for hedging transactions in a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy transactions, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating the configuration and function of a portion of a smart contract for hedge execution and settlement in a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of renewable energy electricity, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating another configuration and function of a smart contract for hedging execution and settlement in the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating the configuration of a smart contract for small-scale electricity trading in a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of renewable energy electricity, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating the configuration and function of a portion of a smart contract for instructing small-scale electricity supply in a system for stabilizing trading prices and electricity supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy _, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating other configurations and functions of a smart contract for instructing small-scale electricity supply in a system for stabilizing trading prices and electricity supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as shown in FIG. 1.

Prior to describing the embodiments, the circumstances under which the present invention was derived and the effects of the present invention will be described.
As mentioned above, renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power, which are difficult to predict the amount of electricity generated, account for a large share of the total. Therefore, if the amount of electricity generated does not meet the forecast, it is not uncommon for the trading price of electricity generated from renewable energies to skyrocket (fluctuations of up to about 10 times) in spot electricity trading at the wholesale electricity exchange. In particular, electricity consumption is high during the winter when there is little sunlight and during the summer when temperatures are high, so price fluctuations in the trading price of electricity generated from renewable energies are likely to be large.

Background to the problem of price fluctuations in energy trading (harmful effects of liberalization of electricity trading)
The problem of price fluctuations in energy trading lies in the negative effects of the liberalization of electricity trading.
Traditionally, electricity prices were easy to understand, being calculated by simply adding the generation costs of major power companies to the retail price.
However, the problems of accidents at nuclear power plants and other facilities caused by major earthquakes prompted the development of new energy sources and the complete liberalization of electricity trading.
In other words, the main sources of power in the past were nuclear and thermal power generation, and fluctuations in electricity prices were dealt with as a problem of fluctuations in the "price" of raw materials.
Recently, as the proportion of electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power has increased, a new problem has arisen: instability in the amount of electricity generated, rather than fluctuations in the price of raw materials. The market trading price of electricity has come to be significantly affected by the amount of electricity generated.
In order to make up for the instability of fluctuations in the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power due to weather conditions, many of the new, emerging power companies have no choice but to procure the shortfall at market prices from the electricity market (wholesale electricity exchange), and as a result, they are significantly affected by the volatility of the spot trading prices of electricity on the wholesale electricity exchange.
Furthermore, price fluctuations caused by a supply shortage of electricity generated from renewable energy sources are likely to have a negative impact on the trading price of electricity generated from fossil fuels such as oil, which compensates for the supply shortage.

In order to avoid fluctuations in electricity prices, major electric power companies and others have concluded contracts with general trading companies to fix electricity prices, so even if a discrepancy occurs between the amount of electricity generated and the demand for electricity, it does not become a problem that causes large fluctuations in electricity prices. On the other hand, new and emerging electric power companies and others do not have sufficient measures to avoid fluctuations in electricity prices, and if they are unable to provide the expected amount of electricity, they may be forced to purchase electricity at unexpectedly high prices that exceed the contract price with their customers, the electricity consumers, and this may lead to a deterioration in their management and bankruptcy. In the future, the proportion of electricity generated by renewable energy sources in the total amount of electricity is likely to increase, and the fluctuations in electricity spot trading prices at the wholesale electricity exchange may become even greater.
Regarding _CO2 emission rights, there are currently services related to the reduction and absorption of greenhouse gas emissions such as _CO2 , such as J-Credits in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors, but these are not binding.
Traditionally, electricity has mainly come from fossil fuels such as gas and oil, which emit _CO2 . Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, are the main sources of electricity, and are greatly affected by weather, seasons, and even time of day.
Because it is difficult for large companies to use only electricity generated from renewable energy sources, while they use electricity generated from traditional fossil energy sources, they purchase _CO2 emission rights such as J-Credits, add _CO2 emission rights to electricity generated from fossil energy sources, and treat it as electricity equivalent to electricity generated from renewable energy sources.By offsetting the _CO2 emissions generated by generating electricity from fossil energy sources with the _CO2 emission rights, they are getting closer to the goal of carbon neutrality, however, J-Credits are not binding.
The volume of binding _CO2 emission rights traded in Japan continues to decline, and there are problems with the functioning of the market.

In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, it will be necessary to stabilize the price of renewable energy and create a market for _CO2 emission rights.
However, if prices for electricity generated from renewable energies and _CO2 emission credits are not fixed as is the case for major companies, price volatility will continue to rise, raising concerns that non-major companies participating in the trading of electricity generated from renewable energies and _CO2 emission credits will suffer damage from the risk of major price fluctuations.

Therefore, the present inventors have considered and examined measures to solve the above problems in trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of electricity generated from fossil energy sources such as crude oil.

Limitations of hedging with futures Currently, in electricity trading, futures trading and the like are used as a hedge against the risk of price fluctuations.
Currently, services such as futures trading and ETNs are offered for trading electricity generated from fossil fuels such as crude oil.
However, futures are not necessarily linked by expiration date, and it is not possible to avoid default risks in securitized services such as ETNs (where prices are guaranteed by companies and there is no need for physical management).
In addition, there is a high possibility that ETFs linked to crude oil prices will experience negative performance due to trust costs and other factors.

In addition, futures are large-scale transactions based on long-term contracts, making them difficult to effectively hedge against price fluctuations over a very short period of time, and they cannot be traded in small units.
In addition, the cost of complex back-office processing in futures trading cannot be ignored.
Moreover, futures are always traded in units of contract months (months when the contract expires), and the expiry date is determined at the time of futures trading. In long-term futures trading, the price difference between contract months becomes large due to differences in liquidity for each contract month, which leads to the rollover of contract months, resulting in large rollover costs (spread impact costs).

Furthermore, electricity futures have problems such as limited participants.
In addition, futures are standardized services, and their coverage of complex electricity services is limited.
In addition, futures, which are traded before the day-ahead spot price of electricity, have low trading volumes, and the lack of liquidity (contracts and transactions) is concentrated in the day-ahead spot price of electricity, which tends to result in volatile price movements.
In addition, the areas in which electricity futures can be traded are limited to specific regions.

Issues in utilizing electricity from renewable energiesCurrently , electricity from renewable energies cannot be managed separately from electricity from fossil fuels such as oil, and is mixed in with electricity when it enters the power grid.As a result, electricity from renewable energies is almost always treated the same as electricity from fossil fuels, and the _CO2 emissions reductions cannot be effectively utilized.

In view of these problems, the inventors of the present invention have considered and examined extensively how to use distributed ledger technology such as blockchain and smart contracts to eliminate the complexities associated with futures, hold the raw materials for electricity or something linked to them rather than corporate guarantees, and automate processing to significantly improve the risk of price fluctuations, including the cost issue, while also ensuring a stable supply of electricity while making effective use of _CO2 emission reductions.As a result, they have come up with the invention's system for stabilizing trading prices and electricity supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small amounts of electricity.

The system for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions, including transactions of electricity generated by renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity, of the present invention is a system configured using a distributed ledger technology such as blockchain and a smart contract, and is connected to a large number of small-scale electricity supply systems that supply small-scale electricity stored in home batteries, and includes a transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table having adjustment data such as transaction quantities for transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of a plurality of divided trading periods, a smart contract for updating and managing the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table, which calculates adjustment data such as transaction quantities, etc. for transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of a plurality of trading periods based on the difference in transaction prices for each trading period, and updates the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table using the calculated data, and The smart contract includes a smart contract for hedging transactions that adjusts the transaction volume based on adjustment data such as the transaction volume for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging in the data storage table, and buys and sells (purchases) tokens for the purpose of hedging with the adjusted transaction volume; a smart contract for hedge execution and settlement that automatically performs settlement processing at a specific date and time that is an arbitrarily set settlement time for the tokens sold and purchased by the smart contract for hedging transactions; a smart contract for retail electricity trading that conducts spot transactions (or same-day transactions) of the retail electricity; and a smart contract for retail electricity supply instructions that instructs each of the retail electricity supply systems to supply the retail electricity based on the content of the spot transactions (or same-day transactions) of the retail electricity conducted by the smart contract for retail electricity trading.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, the trading volume etc. adjustment data storage table preferably includes, as data items, an average trading price for each trading period in a year for energy trading, a ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the average trading price for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period, a ratio of the average trading volume for each trading period based on the average trading volume for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period, a ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the trading price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding a specified trading period, and a ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the trading price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period; and the smart contract for updating and managing the trading volume etc. adjustment data storage table has a function of calculating or acquiring the average trading price for each trading period in a year, and a function of calculating or acquiring the average trading price for each trading period based on the average trading price for the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period using the calculated or acquired average trading price for each trading period. the function of calculating a ratio of an average transaction price for a trading period; a function of calculating, for each trading period, a ratio of an average transaction volume for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period based on an average transaction volume for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period, using the calculated ratio of the average transaction price for the trading period based on the average transaction price for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period; a function of calculating, for each trading period, a ratio of the average transaction price for the trading period based on the transaction price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding a specified trading period, as a ratio for adjusting the transaction volume for the purpose of hedging price fluctuations in the trading period based on the average transaction price for the specified trading period; a function of calculating, for each trading period, a ratio of the average transaction volume for the trading period based on the average transaction volume at the end of the trading period immediately preceding a specified trading period, using the calculated ratio for adjusting the transaction volume for the purpose of hedging; and a function of updating and managing the transaction volume, etc. adjustment data storage table using the calculated value on a distributed ledger technology such as a blockchain, and provided in an internal area of the smart contract for updating and managing the transaction volume, etc. adjustment data storage table.

As in the system for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including electricity transactions from renewable energy sources, _CO2 emission rights, and small-scale electricity transactions of the present invention, adjustment data (ratio of average transaction prices) such as transaction volume is calculated based on the difference between the average transaction prices in each transaction period, and tokens are traded (sold and bought) for the purpose of hedging for a desired transaction period with the transaction volume adjusted using the adjustment data, and the tokens traded (sold and bought) for the purpose of hedging are liquidated (counter-traded) each time an arbitrarily set settlement time arrives, and the amount of tokens held is adjusted. This makes it possible to have a hedging function like futures transactions, but without expiration dates, and to eliminate rollovers, etc. In addition, in futures transactions, liquidity is dispersed by the number of expiration dates, which causes an impact on the transaction price, whereas the present invention can eliminate expiration dates, and can collect liquidity into one type of token while incorporating a wide range of small-scale participants, thereby making it possible to suppress the impact on the transaction price and to easily stabilize the transaction price.
Furthermore, if the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of the present invention is configured with a hedging function, the price of tokens for electricity generated from renewable energy sources can be fixed, and even in the event that a sudden discrepancy between power generation and power demand due to weather or other factors occurs and the expected power cannot be provided, emerging new power companies and the like can avoid situations where they are forced to purchase electricity at unexpectedly high prices that exceed the contract price with their customers, the electricity consumers.
Furthermore, as in the case of the present invention, the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, is configured to include a smart contract for small-scale electricity trading that connects to a number of small-scale electricity supply systems and supplies small-scale electricity stored in a household battery, and conducts spot trading (or same-day trading) of small-scale electricity, and a smart contract for small-scale electricity supply instructions that instructs each small-scale electricity supply system to supply small-scale electricity based on the content of the spot trading (or same-day trading) of small-scale electricity conducted by the smart contract for small-scale electricity trading.In this case, when the amount of power generation deviates from prediction due to a sudden change in weather, etc., causing a shortage of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, it is possible to steadily supply electricity to consumers while suppressing price fluctuations using the small-scale electricity stored in a household battery.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, preferably, the data storage table for adjusting trading quantities, etc. has data items for each trading period in a year set in units of one month or three months.
In this way, it is possible to realize a significant improvement in the risk of price fluctuations by eliminating the contract month while corresponding to the contract month period in futures trading and without incurring the cost of rolling over the contract month.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, preferably, the data storage table for adjusting trading quantity, etc. has a data item for each trading period in a year that has a number of slots equal to or greater than the number of slots into which a 24-hour period on each day is divided in electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, and each unit period is set within the unit time of electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange.
In this way, it is possible to hedge against price fluctuations over a very short period of time.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement preferably has a function of determining a settlement price for renewable energy trading based on the spot trading price (or the trading price for that day) of the small-scale electricity during the time period of each settlement day, and automatically performing settlement processing by net settlement at the determined settlement price.
In this way, it is possible to realize a hedge against price fluctuations.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, preferably, the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement further has a function of accepting the setting of an allowable spread for the settlement price from the seller and the buyer, and automatically performs settlement processing by net settlement for the amount of matching between sell orders and buy orders within the allowable spread range.
In this way, settlement processing by net settlement can be carried out as efficiently as possible.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement preferably accepts settings of an allowable spread for the settlement price from buyers and sellers at any time until the time for settlement processing by net settlement arrives at a specific date and time that is an arbitrarily set settlement time.
In this way, the settlement process through net settlement can be carried out more efficiently.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing transaction prices and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated by renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity of the present invention, preferably, the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement further has, for transactions of _CO2 emission rights, a function for accepting the setting of a delivery schedule (timing, quantity) for _CO2 emission right tokens sold on margin by a seller, a function for accepting deposits of collateral (digital currency) from the seller who sold the _CO2 emission right tokens on margin, and a function for automatically carrying out settlement processing by physical delivery or cash settlement of the _CO2 emission right tokens by the settlement date.
In this way, by fixing the price of the _CO2 emission rights token, it is possible to avoid the risk of the trading price of _CO2 emission rights skyrocketing.

This point will be explained in more detail below.
The issuers of _CO2 emission rights tokens, who will be _the sellers of the tokens, are renewable energy companies (including new power companies) and organizations that carry out _CO2 absorption processes through agricultural enterprises.
The reason why the trading price of _CO2 emission rights rises sharply is that it is linked to the rise in the trading price of electricity generated from renewable energy sources due to prolonged weather conditions.
If there are few sellers of _CO2 emission rights, the trading price of _CO2 emission rights will continue to rise, and may skyrocket to as much as 10 times the normal price, as is the case with spot electricity trading on the wholesale electricity exchange.
However, if the system for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including the transaction of electricity generated by renewable energy, the transaction of _CO2 emission rights, and the transaction of small-scale electricity of the present invention is implemented, for example, a farmer who can be a seller of _CO2 emission rights can sell the token of the _CO2 emission rights on credit when the transaction price of the _CO2 emission rights rises, and when he receives the _CO2 emission rights one month later by spreading biochar or the like on his field, he can easily settle the transaction by actual delivery of the token of the _CO2 emission rights. In this case, even if the transaction price of the _CO2 emission rights is about twice the normal price, many sellers of the token of the _CO2 emission rights are likely to appear, so it is possible to prevent a sudden rise to 10 times the normal price, and as a result, the transaction price is stabilized.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing transaction prices and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity, preferably, the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement automatically performs settlement processing by using collateral to buy back, at current market value, the _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin if no deposit of _CO2 emission rights tokens is made by the time the settlement date arrives.
In this way, it is possible to reliably carry out the settlement process for the trading of CO ₂ emission rights.

In addition, the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of the present invention preferably has a function in which the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity has a function of accepting settings of the release area, release time zone, and amount of released power of the small-scale electricity based on the content of the spot trading (or same-day trading) of the small-scale electricity conducted by the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity based on the accepted settings of the release area, release time zone, and amount of released power, and each of the small-scale electricity supply systems is equipped with a control means for supplying the small-scale electricity in the release area, release time zone, and amount of released power based on the instructions from the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity.
In this way, even if a sudden change in weather or the like causes power generation to deviate from forecasts, resulting in a shortage of electricity from renewable energy sources and causing electricity prices to skyrocket (fluctuations of up to 10 times) in spot electricity trading or intraday trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, new power companies and the like will not have to make unexpected, expensive purchases of electricity at market prices in the wholesale electricity exchange's spot electricity market, and the price gap with the actual price in the wholesale electricity exchange's spot electricity market, which cannot be covered by hedging, will be absorbed by the trading price of small-scale electricity stored in household batteries, making it possible to suppress price fluctuations and provide a stable supply of electricity to consumers.

In addition, in the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity preferably instructs the small-scale electricity supply system to supply the small-scale electricity so as to release a set amount of electricity from the household battery when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery exceeds a predetermined amount.
In this way, it is possible to reliably supply small amounts of electricity stored in the home battery when there is a shortage of electricity from renewable energy sources due to a sudden change in weather, etc.

In addition, in the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, preferably, the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity further has a function of notifying the person entering the settings of the amount of electricity to be released when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery is below a predetermined amount.
In this way, it is possible to prevent situations such as a shortage of small amounts of electricity stored in home batteries when there is a shortage of electricity from renewable energy sources due to a sudden change in weather, etc.

In addition, the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of the present invention preferably further has a function in which the smart contract for instructing the supply of small-scale electricity has a function of accepting a deposit of a security deposit (digital currency) from a seller of the token of the small-scale electricity, and a function of instructing other small-scale electricity supply systems to supply the small-scale electricity when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery falls below a set amount of released electricity, by canceling the supply from the household battery of electricity that exceeds the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery, and using the security deposit to receive the canceled amount of small-scale electricity from other sellers.
In this way, even if a sudden change in weather causes a shortage of electricity from renewable energy sources and the supply of small amounts of electricity stored in some household batteries becomes insufficient, it will be possible to supply small amounts of electricity.

In addition, the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, is preferably configured so that the household battery is configured to store only electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power.
In this way, value can be added to the small amount of electricity supplied as electricity generated from renewable energy sources.
An example of a household battery that stores electricity generated only from renewable energy sources is a household storage battery that is charged from a household solar power generation facility.

In addition, the system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including renewable energy trading, _CO2 emissions trading, and small-scale electricity trading, of the present invention preferably comprises a storage amount separation management means for the household battery that separates and manages the amount of electricity stored in the household battery from renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation and the amount of electricity stored in the household battery from external power.
In this way, the amount of electricity that comes from renewable energy can be calculated out of the total amount of small-scale electricity supplied, and the value of the amount of small-scale electricity that comes from renewable energy can be added as electricity from renewable energy.
An example of a household battery suitable for being equipped with the stored electricity amount separate management means of the present invention is an electric vehicle battery that can be charged from a household solar power generation facility and from electricity generated by general fossil energy sources.

The sellers of small-scale electricity for general households and _CO2 emission rights are small-scale traders, and the buyers are large-scale traders such as major companies. According to the present invention, by enabling small-scale traders who could not previously trade with large-scale traders in electricity trading to trade with large-scale traders, it becomes possible to receive small-scale electricity supplies from a wide area. As a result, even if the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar power by new power companies falls below the expected amount due to weather or other factors, it becomes possible to supply electricity stably by supplementing it with small-scale electricity.
Electricity is traded at a lower price at night because the amount of electricity used is extremely low. Huge generators that generate electricity from fossil fuels cannot be stopped and started quickly, so they continue to operate at night, resulting in most of the electricity generated at night being wasted.
However, for small amounts of electricity, low-cost electricity can be supplied by storing electricity at night in a household battery, for example, the battery of an electric vehicle, and then supplying the electricity stored in the electric vehicle battery during the daytime when demand for electricity is high and the trading price is high.
Furthermore, if the small amount of electricity being supplied is generated from fossil fuels, by adding _CO2 emission rights acquired through trading of _CO2 emission rights, it can be treated similarly to electricity generated from renewable energy sources, and the _CO2 emissions from generating electricity from fossil fuels can be offset with the _CO2 emission rights, making the electricity compliant with the carbon neutral target.

Therefore, according to the present invention, a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, which significantly improves the risk of price fluctuations in energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, and which is capable of supplying electricity stably, is obtained.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram conceptually showing the configuration of a system for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 1, 30 is an entity with an unstable power supply such as wind or solar power, such as a new power company, which is a buyer of tokens for hedging purposes, 40 is an entity that can supply a large amount of stable electricity based on power generation such as thermal or nuclear power, such as a major power company, which is a seller of tokens for hedging purposes, 50 is a producer of _CO2 emission rights (agricultural) who is a seller of tokens for credit trading of _CO2 emission rights, and 60 is a small-scale electricity supplier who is a seller of tokens for small-scale electricity stored in a home battery.
The system 1 for stabilizing transaction prices and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated by renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-volume electricity in FIG. 1 is a system configured using distributed ledger technology such as blockchain and smart contracts, and for example, as shown in FIG. 1, is connected to a large number of small-volume electricity supply systems 2 that supply small-volume electricity stored in household batteries, and is configured to include a transaction volume adjustment data storage table 11, a transaction volume adjustment data storage table update/management smart contract 12, a hedging transaction smart contract 13, a hedge execution/settlement smart contract 14, a small-volume electricity transaction smart contract 15, a small-volume electricity supply instruction smart contract 16, an order input means 17 for inputting transaction orders, and an order management smart contract 18 for managing the order data entered.

The order input means 17 is configured to enable the input of order data for orders for the purpose of hedging, orders not for the purpose of hedging, orders for the purpose of executing/clearing hedges, orders for the purpose of trading small amounts of electricity, etc., via the screen display and input section of a computer terminal or other electronic device such as a mobile information terminal.
The order management smart contract 18 is configured to have the function of recording and storing order data for an order input by an orderer via the order input means 17 (e.g., data on a sell order using tokens or a buy order using digital currency) in a distributed ledger, using a digital asset of a specified form (e.g., token or digital currency) related to the order as collateral.

The table 11 for storing data for adjusting trading quantities, etc. contains adjustment data for trading quantities, etc. (ratios for correcting them, etc.) for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of multiple divided trading periods, for example, as shown in Figure 2 and the following.
- The average transaction price for each trading period during the year for energy trading.
- For each trading period, the ratio of the average trading price of that trading period to the average trading price of the trading period immediately preceding that trading period.
- For each trading period, the ratio of the average trading volume for that trading period to the average trading volume for the trading period immediately preceding that trading period.
- For each trading period, the ratio of the average trading price for that trading period to the trading price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period.
- For each trading period, the ratio of the average trading volume for that trading period to the trading volume at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period.
In addition, in the transaction amount etc. adjustment data storage table 11, data items for each transaction period in a year are set in units of one month or three months.
In addition, the data storage table 11 for adjusting trading quantities, etc. has data items for each trading period in a year that have a number of slots equal to or greater than the number (e.g., 48) into which a 24-hour period on each day is divided in electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, and each unit period is set to be within the unit time (e.g., 30 minutes) in electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange (e.g., 10 minutes, 15 minutes, etc.).

As shown in Figure 3, the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the table storing data for adjusting trading volume, etc. is a smart contract that calculates adjustment data for trading volumes, etc. (ratios for correcting them, etc.) for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of multiple trading periods based on the difference in trading prices for each trading period, and updates the table storing data for adjusting trading volume, etc. 11 using the calculated data, and is configured to have the functions shown in Figure 3 and as follows, for example.
- Function to calculate or obtain the average transaction price for each trading period during the year.
A function for calculating the ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the average trading price of the trading period immediately preceding the said trading period, using the calculated or obtained average trading price for each trading period.
A function for calculating the ratio of the average trading volume for each trading period based on the average trading volume for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period in question, using the ratio of the average trading price for the trading period in question based on the average trading price for the trading period immediately preceding the calculated trading period in question.
A function to calculate the ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the trading price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period as correction data (ratio) for adjusting the trading volume for transactions for the purpose of hedging against price fluctuations during the specified trading period based on the average trading price for the specified trading period.
A function for calculating the ratio of the average trading volume for each trading period based on the average trading volume at the end of the trading period immediately preceding a specified trading period, using adjustment data (ratio) for correcting the calculated trading volume for transactions for hedging purposes.
A function of updating and managing the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 using the calculated value, which is provided in the internal area of the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table based on a distributed ledger technology such as blockchain.

The smart contract 13 for hedging transactions operates in response to an order input for the purpose of hedging via the order input means 17, and is configured to have the function of adjusting the trading quantity based on adjustment data for the trading quantity, etc. ( trading quantity, ratio for adjusting the trading quantity, etc.) for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging in the trading quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table 11, as shown in Figure 4, and to buy and sell (purchase) tokens for the purpose of hedging with the revised trading quantity.

The hedge execution/clearance smart contract 14 is configured to have the function of automatically carrying out a liquidation process for tokens traded for hedging purposes by the hedging transaction smart contract 13 at a specific date and time that is the liquidation time arbitrarily set (for example, in an order input for the purpose of hedge execution/clearance via the order input means 17), as shown in FIG. 5, for example.

In detail, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is configured to have the function of determining a settlement price based on the spot trading price (or the trading price for that day) of small-scale electricity during a time period on each settlement date (for example, for renewable energy transactions, which is arbitrarily set in order input for the purpose of executing and settling a hedge via the order input means 17), and automatically performing settlement processing by net settlement at the determined settlement price.
In addition, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement further has a function of accepting the setting of an allowable spread for the settlement price from the seller and the buyer (e.g., via the order input means 17), and is configured to automatically perform settlement processing by cash settlement for the amount of matching sell orders and buy orders within the allowable spread range.
In addition, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is configured to accept settings of the allowable spread for the settlement price from sellers and buyers at any time (e.g., via the order input means 17) until the time for settlement processing by difference settlement arrives at a specific date and time that is the arbitrarily set settlement time.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is further configured to have a function for accepting (e.g., via the order input means 17) the setting of the planned delivery (timing _, quantity) of _{CO2 emission} right tokens sold by a seller on margin trading, a function for accepting (e.g., via the order management smart contract 18) a deposit of collateral (digital currency) from a seller who sold a CO2 emission right token on margin trading, and a function for automatically performing settlement processing by the settlement date through the delivery of _CO2 emission right tokens on margin trading or by cash settlement.

In addition, if no _CO2 emission rights tokens are deposited by the due date (e.g., in the order management smart contract 18), the hedge execution and settlement smart contract 14 is configured to automatically use the collateral to buy back the _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin at current market value and settle the transaction by net settlement.

As shown in FIG. 7, the smart contract 15 for retail electricity trading is configured to operate in response to an order for the trading of retail electricity via the order input means 17 and to conduct spot trading (or same-day trading) of retail electricity.
As shown in Figure 8, the smart contract 16 for small-scale electricity supply instructions is configured to issue small-scale electricity supply instructions to each small-scale electricity supply system 2 based on the content of the spot electricity transaction (or same-day transaction) of small-scale electricity conducted by the smart contract 15 for small-scale electricity trading.
In detail, the smart contract 16 for instructing the supply of small electricity is configured to have a function of accepting (e.g., via the order input means 17) settings for the area, time period, and amount of electricity to be released of the small electricity stored in the household battery 22 on each settlement date, and a function of instructing each small electricity supply system 2 to supply small electricity based on the accepted settings for the area, time period, and amount of electricity to be released.

More specifically, the small power supply instruction smart contract 16 is configured to instruct the small power supply system 2 to supply small power so that a set amount of discharged power is discharged from the household battery 22 when the remaining amount of small power stored in the household battery 22 (such as a storage battery and/or an electric vehicle) exceeds a predetermined amount.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, the small power supply instruction smart contract 16 is further configured to have a function of notifying a warning information to a person who inputs the setting when accepting the setting of the amount of electricity to be discharged (for example, in an order input for the purpose of trading small power via the order input means 17) when the remaining amount of small power stored in the household battery 22 is below a predetermined amount.

The small-volume power supply instruction smart contract 16 is further configured to have a function of accepting a deposit of a security deposit (digital currency) from a seller of the small-volume power token (e.g., via the order management smart contract 18), and a function of instructing other small-volume power supply systems 2 to supply small-volume power when the remaining amount of small-volume power stored in the household battery 22 falls below a set amount of power to be discharged, by canceling the supply from the household battery 22 of power that exceeds the remaining amount of small-volume power stored in the household battery 22, and using the security deposit to receive the canceled amount of small-volume power from another seller (external power supplier).

In the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, according to the present embodiment, it is more preferable to configure the household battery 22 to store only electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation. An example of the household battery 22 that stores only electricity generated from renewable energy sources is a household storage battery that is charged from a household solar power generation facility.

In the system 1 for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity of the present embodiment, it is more preferable that the household battery 22 is provided with a storage amount separation management means 23 for separately managing the storage amount of electricity generated from renewable energy such as wind power or solar power generation and the storage amount of electricity generated from external power. An example of the household battery 22 suitable for providing with the storage amount separation management means 23 is an electric vehicle battery that can be charged from a household solar power generation facility and from external electricity (electricity generated from fossil energy).
The battery of an electric vehicle can be switched between, for example, a plug for a home solar power generation facility and a plug for external power (power from fossil energy). It is possible that the battery is charged with external power at night when the price of power is low, and power supply is required during the day when power is insufficient. In this case, the storage amount separate management means 23 records the amount of power stored in the battery before the connection is switched and charging, and the amount of power stored in the battery just before the plug is removed after charging is completed. This allows the amount of power stored from renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation and the amount of power stored from external fossil energy to be managed separately. Among the powers managed separately by the storage amount separate management means 23, the power from renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation can be treated as power with CO ₂ emission rights. In addition, the power from external fossil energy can be treated as power equivalent to renewable energy, in which _{the CO 2 emissions} in power generation are offset by the CO _{2 emission rights, by separately purchasing and adding CO 2} emission rights equivalent to the amount.

If the small-scale power supply system 2 is equipped with a storage capacity separation management means 23, it is possible to calculate the ratio between the amount of electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power generation and the amount of electricity generated from external fossil energy sources based on the separately managed storage capacities of each energy source, and to supply a mixture of electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power generation and electricity generated from external fossil energy sources.
In this case, _CO2 emission rights corresponding to the proportion of electricity generated from fossil fuels will be purchased separately and combined.
The _CO2 emission credits to be added to electricity generated from fossil fuels are calculated based on the amount of _CO2 emissions that occur when electricity is generated from oil.

In addition, the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of this embodiment also includes a smart contract 19 for trading processing that performs normal crossing for orders and the like that are not intended for hedging, and a smart contract 20 for clearing processing that performs clearing for orders and the like matched by the smart contract 19 for trading processing.

An example of hedging and supplying energy trading prices using the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, according to this embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

A method of hedging price fluctuations , for example, an example of adjusting the trading volume of electricity, will be described. Here, it is assumed that the trading volume adjustment data storage table 11 has data items for each trading period in a year, with each month being a unit.
The smart contract 12 for updating and managing the data storage table for adjusting trading volume, etc., first obtains the “average trading price for each month” by using (or referring to) the trading prices in past trading data in, for example, the electricity futures market or spot market of the wholesale electricity exchange.
Next, the obtained "average transaction price for each month" is used to calculate the ratio of the average transaction price for the current month to the average transaction price for the previous month (month-on-month comparison).
Next, using the calculated "average trading price ratio for the relevant month (compared to the previous month)", calculate the ratio of the average trading volume for the relevant month (compared to the previous month) based on the average trading volume for the previous month (= 1 ÷ "average trading price ratio for the relevant month (compared to the previous month)").
In addition, the calculated "average trading price for each month" is used to calculate the ratio of the average trading price for the specified month based on the trading price at the end of the month preceding the specified month. This ratio of the average trading price for the specified month based on the trading price at the end of the month preceding the specified month becomes adjustment data for adjusting the trading volume for transactions for the purpose of hedging based on the specified month for the specified month.
In addition, the calculated "ratio of the average transaction price for the specified month based on the transaction price at the end of the month preceding the specified month" is used to calculate the ratio of the average transaction quantity for the specified month based on the quantity at the end of the month preceding the specified month (= 1 ÷ "ratio of the average transaction price for the specified month based on the transaction price at the end of the month preceding the specified month").
The calculated value is used to update and manage the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table 11, which is provided in the internal area of the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the transaction quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table, based on a distributed ledger technology such as blockchain.

例えば、現時点が前年末の単価３．３円以下の単価となっていて、ヘッジ目的取引用スマートコントラクト１３が、前年末の単価３．３円で翌年９月分のヘッジを目的とするトークンの売買（購入）を１０，０００トークン分行う場合、翌年９月の平均価格３．８円は前年末の単価３．３円の１．１５１５１５倍であるから、単価３．３円で購入できる現時点で、翌年９月分を購入すれば、翌年９月の時点に想定される平均単価３．８円で購入するのに比べて、１．１５１５１５倍の数量を購入できることになる。
即ち、前年末の単価３．３円で翌年９月分のヘッジを目的とするトークンの売買（購入）を１０，０００トークン分行う場合の購入数量は、
１０，０００×（翌年９月分の１月を基準としたヘッジを目的とする取引を行うための取引数量を調整するための調整用データ（平均取引価格の比率））
＝１０，０００×１．１５１５１５
＝１１，５１５．１５
また、翌年９月分を単価３．３円で１１，５１５．１５トークン購入したときの代金は
＝１１，５１５．１５×３．３
＝３８，０００円
となる。
翌年９月に想定される取引数量は、前年末の単価３．３円を基準とした場合の取引数量の０．８６８４２１倍であり、１１，５１５．１５トークン購入した場合、
１１，５１５×０．８６８４２１
≒１０，０００
となる。
従って、ヘッジ実行・清算用スマートコントラクト１４が自動決済を行う（例えば、注文入力手段１７を介したヘッジの実行・清算を目的とする注文入力において）任意に設定された清算時期となる翌年９月の時点で、取引価格が３．８円よりも上昇していた場合にはトークンの売却により利益が得られ、取引価格が３．８円よりも下落していた場合にはトークンの売却により損失となるが、ヘッジの効果（価格変動による損失を極力抑える）が得られることになる。
特に、冬夏の電力のスポット取引価格が大きく上昇したときにおけるヘッジ効果が大となる。 Here, an example of hedging a specific month's worth of electricity with the transaction price at the end of the month preceding the specific month will be described with reference to Table 1.

For example, if the current unit price is lower than the unit price of 3.3 yen at the end of the previous year, and smart contract 13 for hedging purposes trades (purchases) 10,000 tokens for the purpose of hedging for September of the following year at the unit price of 3.3 yen at the end of the previous year, the average price in September of the following year of 3.8 yen is 1.151515 times the unit price of 3.3 yen at the end of the previous year, so if you purchase the amount for September of the following year at the current time when you can purchase it at a unit price of 3.3 yen, you will be able to purchase 1.151515 times the quantity compared to purchasing it at the average unit price of 3.8 yen expected in September of the following year.
In other words, if you want to buy and sell (purchase) 10,000 tokens for the purpose of hedging for September of the following year at a unit price of 3.3 yen at the end of the previous year, the purchase quantity is:
10,000 x (adjustment data for adjusting the trading volume for hedging transactions based on January for September of the following year (average transaction price ratio))
= 10,000 x 1.151515
= 11,515.15
In addition, if you purchase 11,515.15 tokens at a unit price of 3.3 yen for September of the following year, the price will be 11,515.15 x 3.3
= 38,000 yen.
The expected trading volume in September of the following year is 0.868421 times the trading volume based on the unit price of 3.3 yen at the end of the previous year. If 11,515.15 tokens are purchased,
11,515 x 0.868421
≒10,000
It becomes.
Therefore, if the trading price has risen above 3.8 yen at the time of the arbitrarily set settlement date in September of the following year when the hedge execution/clearance smart contract 14 performs automatic settlement (for example, in an order input for the purpose of hedge execution/clearance via the order input means 17), a profit will be made by selling the tokens, and if the trading price has fallen below 3.8 yen, a loss will be incurred by selling the tokens, but the effect of hedging (minimizing losses due to price fluctuations) will be achieved.
The hedging effect is particularly significant when the spot trading price of electricity rises significantly in winter and summer.

In addition, with regard to renewable energy, since the trading price varies significantly depending on the time of day (low power consumption at night and low prices, high power consumption and high prices in the evening), in order to link with the market, adjustment data such as trading volume (trading volume, ratio of average trading price to adjust trading volume, etc.) is calculated based on the difference in average trading price during each trading period within a unit time (e.g., 30-minute units) in spot trading of small-scale electricity.
That is, the trading quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 has a data item for each trading period in a year for renewable energy trading that is equal to or greater than the number of slots into which 24 hours on each day are divided in electricity spot trading at the wholesale power exchange, and each unit period is set to be within the unit time of electricity spot trading at the wholesale power exchange. The trading quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table updating/managing smart contract 12 calculates adjustment data for the trading quantity, etc. ( trading quantity, ratio of average trading price for adjusting the trading quantity , etc.) based on the difference in average trading price in each trading period, and updates and manages the trading quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 using the calculated values.

In this way, the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the table for adjusting data for trading quantity, etc. calculates adjustment data for the table for adjusting data for trading quantity, etc. 11 for trading quantity, etc., based on the difference in trading prices for each trading period, for the trading quantity, etc. adjustment data for trading quantities, etc. ( trading quantity, ratio of average trading price for adjusting trading quantity , etc.) for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of multiple trading periods, and the smart contract 13 for hedging transactions adjusts the trading quantity based on the adjustment data for trading quantities, etc. (trading quantity, ratio for adjusting trading quantity, etc. ) for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging in the table for adjusting data for trading quantity, etc. 11, and sells (purchases) tokens for the purpose of hedging with the adjusted trading quantity.
The contents of the adjustment data of the trading quantity, etc. ( trading quantity, ratio of average trading price for adjusting the trading quantity, etc.) in the trading quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 by the smart contract for updating and managing the trading quantity , etc. adjustment data storage table 12 are periodically imported into the order management smart contract 18 and the hedging transaction smart contract 13. Alternatively, a smart contract dedicated to information distribution (not shown) reads the contents of the adjustment data and periodically distributes information to the order management smart contract 18 and the hedging transaction smart contract 13. In addition, the data recorded in the trading quantity, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 provided on a distributed ledger technology such as a blockchain is made public in advance on the website of the service provider (exchange) of the token transaction.
Business entities such as new power companies can fix the price at the time of buying and selling by having the smart contract 13 for hedging transactions buy and sell (purchase) tokens for hedging purposes.
When executing a hedge using tokens that have been traded (purchased) for the purpose of hedging, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement trades the tokens in a counter transaction (cash settlement), thereby transferring and receiving the amount equivalent to the hedge.

While price fluctuations can be hedged as described above, in actual business, physical delivery becomes important.
Although the difference settlement is always done in cash, in actual business, it becomes necessary to transfer electricity generated from renewable energy sources, _CO2 emission credits, and electricity generated from fossil fuels such as crude oil. The actual renewable energy source is actual electricity, the actual _CO2 emission credits are actual _CO2 emission credits, and the actual crude oil is actual crude oil.
In order to obtain these physical goods, it is necessary to control and manage the issuance of tokens (price and quantity) for renewable energy, _CO2 emission rights, and crude oil, as well as the consumption (price and quantity) of real electricity, real _CO2 emission rights, and real crude oil.
The actual goods are purchased in the small electricity spot market, etc. There is no problem if the purchase price in the small electricity spot market, etc. and the token price at the time of the difference settlement are the same, but there is a corresponding price gap between the token price at the time of the difference settlement and the price of the actual delivery purchased in the small electricity spot market, etc. However, there is an advantage in that it is possible to hedge against price fluctuations.

In the case of trading electricity from renewable energy sources , settlement is processed in real time. For example, the hedge execution and settlement smart contract 14 automatically performs settlement processing at a specific date and time when it accepts settings (e.g., via the order input means 17), matches the quantities of the token seller and the token buyer, determines a settlement price based on the spot trading price (or the day's trading price) of small-scale electricity during the time period of each settlement day, and automatically performs settlement processing by net settlement at the determined settlement price.

For tokens of electricity from renewable energy sources, the spot trading price of small-scale electricity is set as a recommended value, and the trading volume is adjusted (by the smart contract for hedging transactions 13) using the adjustment data such as the trading volume in a predetermined time unit in the trading volume adjustment data storage table 11 (updated by the smart contract for updating and managing the trading volume adjustment data storage table 12) as described above. For example, the system starts with a stock swap in which the amount matched from the order book is contracted in a 30-minute time period, then enters a continuous trading session, and stops the continuous trading session after 28 minutes. Then, the smart contract for updating and managing the trading volume adjustment data storage table 12 updates the adjustment data such as the trading volume ( the trading volume, the ratio of the average trading price to adjust the trading volume, etc.) for trading for the purpose of hedging in the trading volume adjustment data storage table 11 for the next time period.
In addition, if the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table updates the adjustment data such as the trading volume, etc., for all transactions aimed at hedging in the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 every 30-minute time period, the load on the distributed ledger technology such as blockchain will increase, leading to a decrease in processing speed, etc. For this reason, the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 on the distributed ledger technology such as blockchain targets the trading volume, etc., for all transactions aimed at hedging in a certain unit such as one month, three months, or one week or one day, as described above, and updates (30-minute units) to the updated value of the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 on the distributed ledger technology such as blockchain in each time period are targeted only at the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table 11 in the internal area of the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table.

In addition, the amount of tokens managed by the order management smart contract 18 that have been bought and sold (purchased) by the hedging transaction smart contract 13 for the purpose of hedging is locked so that it cannot be processed elsewhere until a settlement process is performed using the hedge execution/clearance smart contract 14, a sale process for the supply of actual electricity is performed using the small-scale electricity transaction smart contract 15 or the small-scale electricity supply instruction smart contract 16, or a process is performed to sell the tokens using the order input means 17, the transaction processing smart contract 19, the clearing processing smart contract 20, etc.

In addition, in the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement 14, which performs the settlement process during the time period on the settlement date, if the condition quantities for the seller and the buyer do not match, an adjustment value for the spread is added and the settlement process is performed for the smaller quantity.

It is important that the token holder can liquidate at the appropriate price during the desired time period in the hedging and liquidation smart contract 14. In that sense, it can be said to be a token write-off procedure by the token buyer, i.e., the token issuer, during the liquidation process.
Therefore, in the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement, the purchase amount corresponding to the anticipated trading volume is set in advance by the token issuer.

In other words, there are two types of order processing in the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of CO ₂ emission rights, and trading of small electricity, in this embodiment.
The first type is an order processing type in which the buying and selling of tokens is carried out by crossing using the smart contract 13 for hedging transactions.
In this type of order process, the holders of the tokens are the issuers of the tokens and the buyers of the tokens for hedging purposes.
In addition, when a person wishes to purchase a token for hedging purposes, the person who wishes to purchase the token purchases the token by providing (setting) digital currency or the like as collateral.
In addition, when a token purchaser no longer needs the token, they sell the token using the order input means 17, the smart contract for transaction processing 19, the smart contract for liquidation processing 20, etc.

The second type is a reservation execution type order processing in which the difference is obtained through the hedge execution and settlement smart contract 14 in order to execute the hedge by exercising the rights of the tokens purchased for the purpose of hedging.
This type of order processing will be for token holders and will provide an efficient liquidation process.
However, if there is a gap between the conditions of a sell order and a buy order, the conditions will not match, so in order to match the conditions, a clearing order will be created with an allowable spread (price difference) set.
The seller and the buyer (producer's write-off) set the allowable spread value (for example, via the order input means 17) in this hedge execution/clearance smart contract 14. Then, the hedge execution/clearance smart contract 14 automatically performs a clearing process by cash settlement for the amount of matching sell orders and buy orders within the range of the allowable spread value.
The allowable spreads for sell orders and buy orders in this hedge execution and clearing smart contract 14 can be set at any time up until the time for clearing processing by net settlement arrives, and the matching sell orders and buy orders are subject to trigger management (the current market value is captured and automatically cleared when the time for settlement arrives).
During the liquidation process, the payment is sent to the recipient's address in digital currency or other form, and the tokens are written off.
In addition, orders that are not matched remain as they are. In such a case, a liquidity provider (not shown) participates in the transaction as a seller or buyer and modifies the spread allowance under the conditions set in the hedge execution and clearing smart contract 14, so that the orders are more likely to be matched.

An example will be used to explain a case where a liquidity provider (not shown) adjusts liquidity for individual contracts.
For example, during the clearing process in the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and clearing from 15:00 to 15:30 on August 4, the order quantity of sell orders is 100 and the order quantity of buy orders is 80. Since the order quantity of sell orders is large, the spread adjustment value decreases. During the clearing process in the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and clearing from 15:30 to 16:00 on August 4, the order quantity of sell orders (e.g., via the order input means 17) is 80 and the order quantity of buy orders is 100. In the case where the spread adjustment value increases due to the large number of orders, the liquidity provider (not shown) will enter a buy order with an order quantity of 20 during the clearing process of the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and clearing from 15:00 to 15:30 on August 4th, and will enter a sell order with an order quantity of 20 (for example, via the order input means 17) during the clearing process of the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and clearing from 15:30 to 16:00 on August 4th, thereby completing the clearing process of the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and clearing.

If the setting of the hedge execution/clearance smart contract 14 is canceled in advance (before the clearing process is performed), the canceling trader automatically pays a specified penalty (a specified percentage of tokens, a specified amount of digital currency, etc.) (for example, from the digital assets managed as collateral by the order management smart contract 18).
It is assumed that the actual cancellation will be performed by the token owner.

Sellers of tokens for hedging purposes are expected to be entities that can supply large amounts of stable electricity based on generation from thermal or nuclear power, such as major electric power companies 40.
Buyers of tokens for hedging purposes are expected to be entities such as new power company 30 that have unstable power supplies, such as wind and solar power generation.
When the new power company 30 determines that its own power generation is insufficient to meet the electricity demand of its contract party (electricity consumer), it uses the amount equivalent to the hedge obtained through the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement to purchase electricity through spot trading of small amounts of electricity, etc., instead of purchasing electricity from the major power company 40 through spot electricity trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, and continues to supply electricity to the contract party (electricity consumer).

In the case of trading in CO2 emission rights, trading in _CO2 emission rights is similar to _the trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources described above, but the issuers of the _CO2 emission rights tokens are renewable energy businesses (including new power companies) or organizations that carry out _CO2 absorption processing by agricultural entities (hereinafter referred to as "agricultural entities").

When the agricultural sector 50 is the issuer of CO ₂ emission rights tokens, although the timing of the provision of CO ₂ emission rights is random, the total quantity that can be provided per year can be estimated to some extent.
Furthermore, _CO2 emission rights are often calculated on an annual basis.
Therefore, for example, the end of March, June, September, and December (even though it is set as the "end" of the month, since a margin of at least two weeks is actually required, it is better to set the settlement period at the beginning of the month) are set in the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement in the same way as in the case of renewable energy (for example, via the order input means 17).

The reason for doing so is that it is easier for both sellers and buyers to avoid the risk of wild fluctuations in the trading price of _CO2 emission rights by determining the clearing costs at a fixed price rather than having future clearing costs remain uncertain at a floating price.

However, when buying and selling actual _CO2 emission rights tokens, price fluctuations arise.
Therefore, in order to fix the price of the _CO2 emission rights tokens, a credit-type token is set up so that even if the seller producer (agricultural company 50) does not own the tokens, he or she can sell a portion of them on credit and deliver them to the buyer (token purchaser) by the settlement date.
The parent entity selling tokens on margin will deposit collateral (such as digital currency) with the hedging and clearing smart contract 14 (e.g., via the order management smart contract 18), and as soon as it acquires the tokens, the liquidation process will be carried out by spot delivery or cash settlement via the hedging and clearing smart contract 14.
Alternatively, it may be desirable for the parent company of the margin-based token sale to sell the tokens on margin via a third party, who will guarantee the sale (paying the guarantee costs).
In reality, if there is no third party acting as an intermediary to provide liquidity, there is a concern that purchasers of _CO2 emission rights tokens may suffer losses such as not receiving actual delivery.

Regarding the physical delivery of _CO2 emission rights tokens, the schedule for physical delivery (timing, quantity) can be set in the hedge execution and settlement smart contract 14 (e.g., via the order input means 17).
For example, if 10 tokens are set in the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement via the order input means 17, and two tokens are currently owned, with the remaining eight tokens not owned and being sold on margin, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is set to transfer two tokens at a time in two-month intervals via the order input means 17.
As a guarantee for the margin-based sale of unowned tokens, digital currency or the like is deposited as collateral in the hedging and clearing smart contract 14 (e.g., via the order management smart contract 18).
If the relevant quantity of _CO2 emission rights tokens is not deposited by the due date, the hedge execution/settlement smart contract 14 will use the collateral to buy back the relevant quantity of _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin at market value and automatically perform the settlement process through net settlement.

When a third party mediates the sale of tokens on a margin basis, the third party uses tokens owned by the third party to cover the cost and collects the tokens or some other value from the entity that is selling the tokens on a margin basis.
An example of a third party that mediates the sale of tokens on credit is the JA.

It is desirable for _CO2 emission rights tokens to have an exercise period set, usually six months.
This is because the processing of _CO2 emission rights is calculated on an annual basis.
If the deadline is December, _CO2 emission rights will be traded from January to December on a fiscal year basis. Spot trading runs from January to December, but in the case of margin trading-style token trading, settlement is based on actual delivery, so trading starts one month earlier (December of the previous year) and ends one month earlier (November) compared to spot trading.
In other words, after the CO ₂ emission rights tokens are delivered through the execution of the settlement process by the hedge execution and settlement smart contract 14, it is necessary to exercise the rights of the CO ₂ emission rights tokens by the expiration date.
When a _CO2 emission right token is exercised, the information is recorded and can be used as report (proof) data ( _CO2 emission right certificate).

In addition, if _CO2 emission rights tokens are sold on a margin basis, the _CO2 emission rights tokens must be physically delivered by the settlement date and the tokens sold on margin must be written off.
Therefore, the hedge execution/clearance smart contract 14 is set (e.g., via the order input means 17) with a schedule (timing, quantity) of physical delivery so as to perform settlement processing by physical delivery of the _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin as the settlement date approaches, and to reduce the remaining number of _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin. For example, it is set (e.g., via the order input means 17) to perform settlement processing by physical delivery in equal installments (e.g., 8.3% per month starting from January) for the annual margin selling quantity.
If the tokens sold on margin cannot be written off by the specified time, the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement 14 will automatically use the collateral deposited (e.g., via the smart contract for order management 18) to buy back the _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin at current market value and settle the difference.
In addition, in this embodiment, the hedge execution and settlement smart contract 14 is configured to increase the collateral ratio as the redemption date of the margin-traded sell token approaches.
If the collateral is not replenished or the sold tokens on margin are not written off by actual delivery of the _CO2 emission rights tokens, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement will forcibly carry out the process of buying back the _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin at current market value and settling the difference.
In addition, the sales amount of the margin-based sell tokens bought and sold through the hedging transaction smart contract 13 is locked as collateral, but the seller of the margin _- based sell token must deposit a collateral amount equal to or greater than the sales amount of the locked margin-based sell token in the hedging execution/settlement smart contract 14 (for example, via the order management smart contract 18), in anticipation of price fluctuations in the CO2 emission rights token.

In this embodiment, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement of _CO2 emission rights transactions is configured to basically perform settlement processing by actual delivery of _CO2 emission rights tokens, and if no _CO2 emission rights tokens are deposited by the time the settlement date arrives, to perform settlement processing by net settlement of the repurchase of _CO2 emission rights using collateral. However, it is also possible to configure the settlement processing to basically be performed by net settlement of a reverse transaction rather than actual delivery.
Physical _CO2 emission rights are generated on a fiscal year basis, but if the settlement process for _CO2 emission rights transactions using the hedge execution and settlement smart contract 14 is a net settlement of the reverse transaction of _CO2 emission rights, contracts for _CO2 emission rights transactions via the smart contract will be continuous across fiscal years.
In addition, in spot trading of _CO2 emission rights, for those with long expiration dates spanning several years, it is also possible to set the settlement date for _CO2 emission rights transactions without regard to fiscal year boundaries (for example, via the order input means 17) in the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement.
In addition, if the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is configured to perform settlement processing by net settlement of the reverse transaction of _CO2 emission rights tokens, the main purpose will be speculation and hedging, and the price of the reverse transaction of _CO2 emission rights tokens will not be linked to the spot trading price of _CO2 emission rights tokens.
Additionally, in the trading of _CO2 emission rights, a smart contract (not shown) may be provided that has a function that allows the holder of a _CO2 emission right token to lend the token to a seller and earn interest.

The issuer of the _CO2 emission rights token is a specified organization, which distributes the issued _CO2 emission rights token to businesses and farmers who have proven their _CO2 emissions. Businesses and farmers who receive the _CO2 emission rights token can sell the _CO2 emission rights token and receive digital currency, etc.
Sellers of _CO2 emission rights tokens are businesses, farmers, etc. that are expected to receive the _CO2 emission rights tokens. It is also expected that speculative investors will also be sellers of _CO2 emission rights tokens.

In the case of trading of electricity generated from fossil energy sources such as crude oil , it is also possible to hedge the trading price for trading of electricity generated from fossil energy sources such as crude oil and gas using the trading price and power supply stabilization system 1 for energy trading including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity in this embodiment.
The trading price of electricity generated from fossil energy sources such as crude oil is basically calculated by calculating the normally expected cost of generating electricity based on the futures price of fossil fuels such as crude oil, and then adding a premium to the calculated cost of generating electricity.Therefore, the smart contract 12 for updating and managing the data storage table for adjusting trading quantity, etc. adjusts the trading quantity for the trading period, which is divided according to the futures expiration date, and the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement performs settlement processing using only net settlement.
According to this embodiment, even in the case of trading electricity generated from fossil energy sources such as crude oil, rollover costs can be eliminated since there are no contract months.

Settlement by physical delivery of small-scale electricity combined with household battery services, etc. Assuming that services such as solid batteries will become more widespread in the future (in electric vehicles for ordinary households, battery storage facilities, etc.), by combining the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity of this embodiment with the small-scale electricity supply system 2 that controls the supply of small-scale electricity stored in a household battery 22, it is possible to absorb the price gap with the actual price in the electricity spot market of the wholesale electricity exchange, which cannot be covered by hedging, with the trading price of the small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22, and suppress price fluctuations.

In token trading of small-volume electricity conducted by the small-volume electricity trading smart contract 15, the settings (e.g., via the order input means 17) including the transfer of small-volume electricity in the small-volume electricity supply instruction smart contract 16 are linked to the small-volume electricity supply system 2, so that when the amount of small-volume electricity set in the small-volume electricity supply instruction smart contract 16 (e.g., via the order input means 17) is stored in the household battery 22, that amount of small-volume electricity is supplied from the household battery 22. At that time, if there is a shortage of small-volume electricity stored in the household battery 22, the shortage of electricity is procured from outside, and it is believed that the appropriate amount of electricity based on the settings (contract between the parties) in the small-volume electricity supply instruction smart contract 16 (e.g., via the order input means 17) can be secured.

In more detail, for example, if unstable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power are used to supply electricity during the daytime when electricity consumption is high, and if there is a power supply shortage due to weather or other reasons caused by renewable energy alone, one possible response would be to purchase surplus electricity from thermal power plants. However, as the purchase price is currently extremely high, it is necessary to consider alternatives.

However, the present inventors have come up with an alternative solution for small-volume electricity stored in household batteries 22 (for storage batteries and electric vehicles), etc.: a smart contract 16 for instructing the supply of small-volume electricity would accept settings for the area, time period for discharging, and amount of electricity to be discharged (e.g., via the order input means 17) through a contract with a small-volume electricity supplier 60 (through token transactions), and would then discharge a specified amount of electricity (basically in 30-minute increments, similar to spot trading of small-volume electricity) during a specified time period.

In detail, the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, in this embodiment is connected to a small-scale electricity supply system 2 that supplies small-scale electricity stored in a household battery 22, as described above.
The small power supply instruction smart contract 16 accepts (e.g., via the order input means 17) settings for the discharge area, discharge time zone, and discharge amount of small power stored in the household battery 22 on each settlement date. Also, based on the discharge area, discharge time zone, and discharge amount of small power that have been accepted (e.g., via the order input means 17), it instructs the small power supply system 2 to supply small power.
The smart contract 16 for instructing small-scale electricity supply accepts the settings of the area, time period, and amount of electricity to be discharged for the small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22 by inheriting the contract information that was set in the token (e.g., via the order input means 17) when the sell order and buy order were matched by the smart contract 15 for small-scale electricity trading.

The small-volume power supply instruction smart contract 16 may be configured to receive settings for the area, time period, and amount of small-volume power to be discharged stored in the household battery 22 from the contracting parties for the power (e.g., via the order input means 17) without the intervention of a token in the event of an emergency demand for power, and to directly instruct the small-volume power supply system 2 to supply small-volume power based on the received settings for the area, time period, and amount of small-volume power to be discharged (for example, via the order input means 17).

The small-volume power supply system 2 also includes a control means 21 that supplies small-volume power stored in a household battery 22 in accordance with the supply and discharge area, discharge time period, and discharge amount of power based on instructions from the small-volume power supply instruction smart contract 16.

The small power supply instruction smart contract 16 also checks the remaining amount of small power stored in the household battery 22, and if the remaining amount is low (below a specified amount), it notifies the setting inputter (small power supplier 60) of warning information not to use the household battery 22 when accepting the setting of the amount of power to be discharged.

When the remaining amount of small-volume electricity stored in the household battery 22 falls below the set amount of electricity to be discharged (more specifically, when the contractual contents at the time of accepting the settings for the discharge area, discharge time period, and discharge amount of the small-volume electricity stored in the household battery 22 are not reached), the small-volume electricity supply instruction smart contract 16 cancels the supply of electricity from the household battery 22 that exceeds the remaining amount of small-volume electricity stored in the household battery 22, and instructs other small-volume electricity supply systems 2 to supply small-volume electricity by covering the penalty for canceling the supply of electricity (such as a payment of 35% of the contract fee) from digital currency (equivalent to a security deposit deposited in advance, for example, via the order management smart contract 18) and receiving the canceled amount of small-volume electricity from another seller (small-volume electricity supplier 60).

For example, in the case of a small amount of power supply from an electric vehicle battery, the cancellation corresponds to a case where the electric vehicle is not connected during the time period. In such a case, a penalty fee of 50% of the contract fee or the like is charged for the last minute cancellation.
The small power supply instruction smart contract 16 then appropriates this penalty cost by adding it to the order price when soliciting emergency power supply, etc., and instructs the small power supply system 2 to supply small power so that the canceled small power supply is received from another supply destination, thereby enabling it to respond to last-minute cancellations. The control means 21 of the small power supply system 2 then supplies the small power, and the other supply destinations receive the digital currency with the penalty cost added from the small power supply instruction smart contract 16.

The following provides additional explanation on the above content.
When the new power company 30 (or other business entity with an unstable power supply) knows for certain that there will be a power shortage the next day, it will seek a provider of small-volume power to cover the shortage.
For example, at a token exchange or a venue with a token trading function that conducts spot trading (or same-day trading) of small-scale electricity, a buy order for small-scale electricity is offered via the smart contract 15 for small-scale electricity trading at a price higher than the normal price of electricity generated from renewable energy by the new power company 30, and matched with a sell order from an individual or other small-scale electricity supplier who wishes to sell electricity at the offered price.
If the expected amount of small-scale electricity is not collected in response to a buying bid for small-scale electricity for a certain period of time, smart contract 15 for small-scale electricity trading automatically raises the price of buy orders to collect sell orders.
The sell order is set in the small-scale electricity trading smart contract 15 (e.g., via the order input means 17) so that it can be automatically placed when the offered price of the buy order exceeds the desired price of the sell order.
Payment for electricity sales will be made possible in the form of tokens or digital currency.
In addition, as the token used as payment for the sale of electricity, it is possible to use a token for the purpose of hedging the transaction price of electricity purchased via the smart contract 13 for hedging transactions.
In this way, in the system 1 for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, tokens intended to hedge the trading price of electricity purchased via the smart contract 13 for hedging purposes can be settled for the difference by counter-trading via the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement, and actual electricity can be delivered on the spot via the smart contract 16 for instruction to supply small-scale electricity.

The small-volume electricity trading smart contract 15 locks tokens or digital currency as a contract guarantee fee when a sell order matches a buy order. The small-volume electricity supply instruction smart contract 16 accepts (e.g., via the order input means 17) settings of the discharge area, discharge time zone, and discharge amount of small-volume electricity stored in the household battery 22 based on the contents of the spot transaction (or same-day transaction) of small-volume electricity for the sell order and buy order matched by the small-volume electricity trading smart contract 15, and instructs the small-volume electricity supply system 2 to supply small-volume electricity based on the accepted settings of the discharge area, discharge time zone, and discharge amount (of small-volume electricity).
In addition, if a contracting party is unable to supply small amounts of electricity at the contracted time on that day when the small amounts of electricity should be supplied (due to the use of a car, for example), a penalty will be added to the contract guarantee fee and a communication will be made urgently requesting a substitute, who will receive the penalty fee and supply the small amounts of electricity in question.

Services that handle renewable energy need to be completed using only renewable energy, and even in the case of the small-scale electricity for household use mentioned above, it is preferable that the electricity supplied from storage batteries (home storage batteries or electric vehicle batteries) be limited to electricity that has been stored as renewable energy.
In addition to electricity from household solar power, electric vehicle batteries can also store electricity from external sources that generate _CO2 , such as thermal power. Therefore, it is preferable to use household storage batteries as supply batteries exclusively for renewable energy.
It is also preferable to manage the remaining power in batteries and certify that electricity generated from renewable energy sources is being stored, thereby adding value as electricity generated from renewable energy sources.

Conventional electricity generated from fossil energy sources emits _CO2 during generation. When using electricity generated from fossil energy sources, _CO2 emission rights can be purchased and added to the electricity generated from fossil energy sources, making it equivalent to electricity generated from renewable energy sources and offsetting the _CO2 emissions generated from the electricity generated from fossil energy sources, making the electricity compliant with the carbon neutral goal.

In this embodiment, the trading prices for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, and the hedging of the trading price of electricity using tokens by the power supply stabilization system 1, and the supply of shortfalls in electricity by combining with the small-scale electricity supply system 2 that controls the supply of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22, are related, and the trading price of tokens for receiving a supply of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22 is determined based on the trading price when the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement 14 sells tokens for electricity generated from renewable energy that were purchased for hedging purposes.
In addition, the trading price of tokens for receiving a supply of small electricity stored in the home battery 22 is adjusted so as to be linked to the day-ahead spot trading price of small electricity.
Since tokens for hedging purposes are settled on a cash basis at the time of sale, when a spread occurs between the trading price of tokens for receiving small amounts of actual electricity stored in the home battery 22, a liquidity adjustment occurs and the prices of both tokens are adjusted, allowing both to maintain efficient prices.
Although there are limitations on the method of selling electricity (via the distribution board), the new power company 30 can accept the sale of electricity if the method described above is used.

This will allow for the stabilization of power supply and electricity prices by combining the deviation from actual spot trading, which is called electricity hedging, with token contracts that guarantee the supply of actual electricity.
As described above, the tokens used in this embodiment include a type that supplies electricity during the usage time period (actual withdrawal) and a type that settles the difference.

According to the system 1 for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including electricity transactions from renewable energy sources, _CO2 emission rights, and small-scale electricity transactions of the present embodiment, adjustment data (ratio of average transaction prices) such as transaction volume is calculated based on the difference between the average transaction prices in each transaction period, and tokens are traded (sold and bought) for the purpose of hedging for a desired transaction period with the transaction volume adjusted using the adjustment data, and the tokens traded (sold and bought) for the purpose of hedging are liquidated (counter-sold and bought) each time an arbitrarily set liquidation time arrives, and the amount of tokens held is adjusted. This makes it possible to have a hedging function like futures transactions, but without expiration dates, and to eliminate rollovers, etc. In addition, in futures transactions, liquidity is dispersed by the number of expiration dates depending on the expiration date, which creates an impact on the transaction price, whereas according to the present invention, expiration dates can be eliminated, and liquidity can be concentrated in one point by consolidating into one type of token while incorporating a wide range of small-scale participants, making it possible to suppress the impact on the transaction price and stabilizing the transaction price easier.
Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of this embodiment, it is configured with a hedging function, so the price of tokens for electricity generated from renewable energy can be fixed. Even if a sudden discrepancy occurs between the amount of power generated and the electricity demand due to weather or the like and the expected power cannot be provided, emerging new power companies 30 and the like can avoid a situation in which they are forced to purchase electricity at unexpectedly high prices that exceed the contract price with their customers, who are electricity consumers.
In addition, the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-volume electricity, according to this embodiment, is configured to include a smart contract 15 for small-volume electricity trading, which connects to a large number of small-volume electricity supply systems 2 and supplies small-volume electricity stored in a household battery 22, and conducts spot trading (or same-day trading) of small-volume electricity, and a smart contract 16 for issuing instructions to each small-volume electricity supply system 2 to supply small-volume electricity based on the content of the spot trading (or same-day trading) of small-volume electricity conducted by the smart contract 15 for small-volume electricity trading. Therefore, in the event that the amount of power generation deviates from the forecast due to a sudden change in weather or the like, causing a shortage of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, it is possible to stably supply electricity to consumers while suppressing price fluctuations using the small-volume electricity stored in the household battery 22.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of this embodiment, the data storage table 11 for adjusting trading quantities, etc. is configured so that data items for each trading period in a year are set in units of one month or three months, which makes it possible to significantly improve the risk of price fluctuations without incurring contract month rollover costs by eliminating the contract month while corresponding to the contract month period in futures trading.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of the present embodiment, the data storage table 11 for adjusting trading quantities, etc., is configured so that, as data items for each trading period in a year, the table has a slot equal to or greater than the number of slots divided into for 24 hours on each day in electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, and each unit period is set within the unit time of electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, making it possible to hedge price fluctuations over a very short period of time.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of this embodiment, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is configured to have a function of determining the settlement price for renewable energy trading based on the spot trading price (or the trading price for that day) of small-scale electricity during the time period of each settlement day, and automatically performing settlement processing through net settlement at the determined settlement price, thereby making it possible to realize a hedge against price fluctuations.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated by renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity of this embodiment, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement further has a function of accepting the setting of an allowable value of the spread for the settlement price from the seller and the buyer, and is configured to execute settlement processing only to the extent that sell orders and buy orders match within the allowable value of the spread, thereby making it possible to carry out settlement processing by net settlement as efficiently as possible.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity of this embodiment, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is configured to accept the setting of the allowable value of the spread on the settlement price from the seller and the buyer at any time until the time arrives when the settlement process is executed at a specific date and time that is the arbitrarily set settlement time, thereby making it possible to carry out the settlement process by net settlement even more efficiently.

In addition, according to the system 1 for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated by renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity of this embodiment, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is configured to further have, for transactions of _CO2 emission rights, a function for accepting the setting of a delivery schedule (timing, quantity) of _CO2 emission right tokens sold by a seller on margin trading, a function for accepting a deposit of collateral (digital currency) from the seller who sold the _CO2 emission right tokens on margin trading, and a function for automatically performing settlement processing by the settlement date through the delivery of _CO2 emission right tokens or by cash settlement. Therefore, by fixing the price of the _CO2 emission right tokens, the risk of a sudden increase in the transaction price of _CO2 emission rights can be avoided.

The reason why the trading price of _CO2 emission rights rises sharply is that it is linked to the rise in the trading price of electricity generated from renewable energy sources due to prolonged weather conditions.
If there are few sellers of _CO2 emission rights, the trading price of _CO2 emission rights will continue to rise, and may skyrocket to as much as 10 times the normal price, as is the case with spot electricity trading on the wholesale electricity exchange.
However, according to the system 1 for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including the transaction of electricity generated by renewable energy, the transaction of _CO2 emission rights, and the transaction of small-scale electricity of the present embodiment, for example, a farmer who can be a seller of _CO2 emission rights can sell the token of the _CO2 emission rights on credit when the transaction price of the _CO2 emission rights rises, and when he receives the _CO2 emission rights one month later by spreading biochar or the like on his field, he can easily settle the transaction by actual delivery of the token of the _CO2 emission rights. In this case, even if the transaction price of the _CO2 emission rights is about twice the normal price, many sellers of the token of the _CO2 emission rights are likely to appear, so that a sudden rise to 10 times the normal price can be prevented, and as a result, the transaction price is stabilized.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing the transaction price and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated by renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small-scale electricity of this embodiment, the smart contract 14 for hedge execution and settlement is configured so that if no _CO2 emission right tokens are deposited by the time the settlement date arrives, the _CO2 emission right tokens sold on margin are bought back at current market value using collateral to automatically settle the difference, thereby making it possible to reliably settle transactions of _CO2 emission rights.

In addition, according to the system 1 for stabilizing the trading price and power supply for energy trading including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-volume electricity of this embodiment, the system is configured to be connected to a small-volume electricity supply system 2 that supplies small-volume electricity stored in a household battery 22, and the smart contract 16 for instructing the small-volume electricity supply has a function of accepting settings of the discharge area, discharge time zone, and discharge amount of the small-volume electricity stored in the household battery 22 based on the contents of the spot trading (or same-day trading) of small-volume electricity performed by the smart contract 15 for small-volume electricity trading, and a function of instructing each small-volume electricity supply system 2 to supply small-volume electricity based on the accepted settings of the discharge area, discharge time zone, and discharge amount of electricity. Since the system is configured to include a control means 21 that supplies small-scale electricity in the supply and release area, release time period, and released power amount based on instructions from the smart contract 16 for use, the new power company 30 and the like is not required to purchase unexpectedly high-cost electricity through market transactions in the electricity spot market of the wholesale power exchange, even in cases where the amount of power generation deviates from the forecast due to a sudden change in weather, causing a shortage of electricity from renewable energy sources, and the electricity price skyrockets (fluctuations of up to about 10 times) in electricity spot transactions or intraday transactions at the wholesale power exchange, and the price gap with the actual price in the electricity spot market of the wholesale power exchange, which cannot be covered by hedging, is absorbed by the trading price of the small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22, making it possible to stably supply electricity to consumers while suppressing price fluctuations.

In addition, according to the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of this embodiment, the smart contract 16 for instructing the small-scale electricity supply is configured to instruct the small-scale electricity supply system 2 to supply small-scale electricity so that a set amount of released electricity is released from the household battery 22 when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22 exceeds a predetermined amount. This makes it possible to reliably supply small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22 when there is a shortage of electricity generated from renewable energy sources due to a sudden change in weather, etc.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, the smart contract 16 for instructing small-scale electricity supply is configured to further have a function of notifying the person inputting the settings of the amount of electricity to be released when the remaining amount of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22 is below a predetermined amount. This makes it possible to prevent situations in which there is a shortage of supply of small-scale electricity stored in the household battery 22 when there is a shortage of electricity generated from renewable energy sources due to a sudden change in weather, etc.

In addition, according to the system 1 for stabilizing transaction prices and power supply for energy transactions including transactions of electricity generated from renewable energy, transactions of _CO2 emission rights, and transactions of small electricity of this embodiment, the smart contract 16 for instructing the small electricity supply to have a function of accepting a deposit of a security deposit (digital currency) from a seller of the small electricity token, and a function of instructing other small electricity supply systems 2 to supply small electricity, when the remaining amount of small electricity stored in the household battery 22 falls below a set amount of released electricity, to cancel the supply from the household battery 22 of small electricity that exceeds the remaining amount of small electricity stored in the household battery 22, and to receive the canceled amount of small electricity from other sellers (external electricity suppliers) using the security deposit. Therefore, even if a situation arises in which the supply of small electricity stored in some household batteries 22 becomes insufficient when there is a shortage of electricity from renewable energy due to a sudden change in weather, etc., it is possible to supply small electricity.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity of this embodiment, if the household battery 22 is configured to store only electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power generation, it is possible to add value to the small-scale electricity supplied as electricity generated from renewable energy sources.

Furthermore, according to the system 1 for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity of this embodiment, if the household battery 22 is configured to include a storage amount separation management means 23 that separates and manages the amount of stored electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation and the amount of stored electricity generated from external sources, it is possible to calculate the amount of electricity generated from renewable energy out of the total amount of small-scale electricity supplied, and a value can be added as electricity generated from renewable energy to the amount of small-scale electricity generated from renewable energy.

The sellers of small-scale electricity for general households and _CO2 emission rights are small-scale traders, and the buyers are large-scale traders such as major companies. According to this embodiment, small-scale traders who could not previously be counterparties to large-scale traders in electricity trading can now trade with large-scale traders, making it possible to receive small-scale electricity supplies from a wide area. As a result, even if the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar power by new power companies falls below the expected amount due to weather or other factors, it is possible to supply electricity stably by supplementing it with small-scale electricity.
Electricity is traded at a lower price at night because the amount of electricity used is extremely low. Huge generators that generate electricity from fossil fuels cannot be stopped and started quickly, so they continue to operate at night, resulting in most of the electricity generated at night being wasted.
However, for small amounts of electricity, low-cost electricity can be supplied by storing electricity at night in a household battery, for example, the battery of an electric vehicle, and then supplying the electricity stored in the electric vehicle battery during the daytime when demand for electricity is high and the trading price is high.
Furthermore, if the small amount of electricity being supplied is generated from fossil fuels, by adding _CO2 emission rights acquired through trading of _CO2 emission rights, it can be treated similarly to electricity generated from renewable energy sources, and the _CO2 emissions from generating electricity from fossil fuels can be offset with the _CO2 emission rights, making the electricity compliant with the carbon neutral target.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, a system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, which significantly improves the risk of price fluctuations in energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, and which is capable of supplying electricity stably, is obtained.

The above describes an embodiment of the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity. However, the system of the present invention for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, is not limited to the configuration described in the above embodiment, and can be configured in any form within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
For example, a smart contract 13 for hedging transactions and a smart contract 15 for small-scale electricity trading stored in a home battery 22 may be configured as a function of a smart contract 19 for transaction processing.

The system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, of the present invention is useful in fields where energy trading, including trading of renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, is required.

1 System for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity 2 Small-scale electricity supply system 11 Data storage table for adjusting trading volume, etc. 12 Smart contract for updating and managing data storage table for adjusting trading volume, etc. 13 Smart contract for trading for hedging purposes 14 Smart contract for hedge execution and settlement 15 Smart contract for small-scale electricity trading 16 Smart contract for issuing instructions for small-scale electricity supply 17 Order input means 18 Smart contract for order management 19 Smart contract for trading processing 20 Smart contract for settlement processing 21 Control means 22 Household battery 23 Storage amount separation management means 30 New power company 40 Major power company 50 Producer of _CO2 emission rights (agricultural)
60 Small electricity suppliers

Claims (15)

A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, which is configured using distributed ledger technology such as blockchain and smart contracts,
It will be connected to a number of small power supply systems that supply small amounts of electricity stored in home batteries,
a transaction volume etc. adjustment data storage table including adjustment data such as transaction volume for carrying out transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of a plurality of divided trading periods;
a smart contract for updating and managing a table for storing adjustment data for trading volume, etc., which calculates adjustment data for trading volume, etc. for carrying out transactions for the purpose of hedging in each of a plurality of trading periods based on a difference in trading price for each trading period, and updates the table for storing adjustment data for trading volume, etc., using the calculated data;
A smart contract for hedging transactions that adjusts the transaction volume based on adjustment data such as the transaction volume for conducting transactions for the purpose of hedging stored in the transaction volume adjustment data storage table, and buys and sells (purchases) tokens for the purpose of hedging with the adjusted transaction volume;
A smart contract for hedge execution and liquidation that automatically performs liquidation processing at a specific date and time that is a liquidation time arbitrarily set for the tokens traded by the smart contract for hedging purposes for the tokens;
A smart contract for small-lot electricity trading that conducts spot trading (or same-day trading) of the small-lot electricity;
a smart contract for instructing small-scale electricity supply to instruct each of the small-scale electricity supply systems to supply the small-scale electricity based on the content of the spot transaction (or the same-day transaction) of the small-scale electricity conducted by the smart contract for small-scale electricity trading;
A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, comprising: The transaction volume etc. adjustment data storage table includes, as data items, an average transaction price for each trading period in a year for energy transactions, a ratio of the average transaction price for each trading period based on the average transaction price for the trading period immediately preceding the relevant trading period, a ratio of the average transaction volume for each trading period based on the average transaction volume for the trading period immediately preceding the relevant trading period, a ratio of the average transaction price for each trading period based on the transaction price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding a specified trading period, and a ratio of the average transaction price for each trading period based on the transaction price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period;
The smart contract for updating and managing the data storage table for adjusting trading volume, etc. has a function of calculating or acquiring an average trading price for each trading period in a year, a function of calculating a ratio of the average trading price for each trading period based on the average trading price for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period using the calculated or acquired average trading price for each trading period, a function of calculating a ratio of the average trading volume for each trading period based on the average trading volume for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period using the calculated ratio of the average trading price for the trading period based on the average trading price for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period, and a function of calculating a ratio of the average trading volume for each trading period based on the average trading volume for the trading period immediately preceding the trading period using the average trading price for each trading period based on the trading price at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period. a function of calculating a ratio of the average trading volume for each trading period based on the average trading volume at the end of the trading period immediately preceding the specified trading period, using the calculated ratio for adjusting the trading volume for hedging against price fluctuations in the specified trading period; and a function of updating and managing the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table using the calculated value on a distributed ledger technology such as blockchain and in an internal area of a _smart contract for updating and managing the trading volume, etc. adjustment data storage table. 3. A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the data storage table for adjusting trading quantities, etc. has data items for each trading period in a year set in units of one month or three months. 4. A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the data storage table for adjusting trading volume, etc. has a data frame for each trading period in a year that is equal to or greater than the number of frames into which a ₂₄ -hour period on each day is divided in electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange, and each unit period is set within the unit time of electricity spot trading at the wholesale electricity exchange. A system for stabilizing trading prices and electricity supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement has a function of determining a settlement price for renewable energy trading based on the spot trading price (or current day trading price) of the small electricity during the time period of each settlement day, and automatically performing settlement processing by settling _the difference at the determined settlement price. The hedge execution and clearing smart contract further has a function of accepting settings of an allowable value of a spread for the settlement price from a seller and a buyer,
A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in claim 5, characterized in that settlement processing is automatically performed by net settlement for the amount of matching sell orders and buy orders within the allowable range of the spread. The system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as described in claim 6, characterized in that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement accepts settings of an allowable _spread for the settlement price from sellers and buyers at any time until the time for settlement processing by net settlement arrives at a specific date and time that is an arbitrarily set settlement time. The system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in _any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement further has the following functions for accepting the setting of a delivery schedule (timing, quantity) for the _CO2 emission rights tokens sold by a seller on a margin basis for trading of _CO2 emission rights, a function for accepting a deposit of collateral (digital currency) from the seller who sold the _CO2 emission rights tokens on a margin basis, and a function for automatically carrying out settlement processing by the settlement date through the delivery of the CO2 emission rights tokens on a margin basis or by cash settlement. The system for stabilizing trading prices and electricity supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as described in claim 8, characterized in that if no _CO2 emission rights tokens are deposited by the time the settlement date arrives, the smart contract for hedge execution and settlement automatically uses collateral to buy back the _CO2 emission rights tokens sold on margin at current market value and settles the transaction through a net settlement. The smart contract for instructing the supply of small electricity has a function of accepting settings of a discharge area, a discharge time period, and a discharge amount of the small electricity based on the content of the spot transaction (or the same day transaction) of the small electricity conducted by the smart contract for small electricity trading, and a function of instructing each of the small electricity supply systems to supply the small electricity based on the discharge area, discharge time period, and discharge amount of the accepted settings,
A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each of the small electricity supply systems is equipped with a control means for supplying the small electricity in a discharge area, discharge time period, and discharge amount based on instructions from the small electricity supply instruction smart contract. A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in claim 10, characterized in that the smart contract for instructing the supply of small electricity instructs the small electricity supply system to supply the small electricity so as to release a set amount of electricity from the household _battery when the remaining amount of small electricity stored in the household battery exceeds a predetermined amount. A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the smart contract for instructing the supply of small electricity further has a function of notifying the person entering the setting of the amount of electricity to be released of warning information when the remaining amount of small electricity stored in the household battery is below a predetermined amount. The small-scale electricity supply instruction smart contract has a function of accepting deposits of security (digital currency) from sellers of the small-scale electricity tokens;
a function of canceling the supply of electricity from the household battery that exceeds the remaining amount of small-volume electricity stored in the household battery when the remaining amount of small-volume electricity stored in the household battery falls below a set amount of discharged electricity, and instructing other small-volume electricity supply systems to supply the small-volume electricity so that the cancelled amount of the small-volume electricity is supplied from another seller using a security deposit;
A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small-scale electricity, as described in any one of claims 10 to 12, further comprising: A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the household battery is configured to store only electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation. A system for stabilizing trading prices and power supply for energy trading, including trading of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, trading of _CO2 emission rights, and trading of small electricity, as described in any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the household battery is equipped with a storage amount separation management means for separately managing the storage amount of electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power generation and the storage amount of electricity from external sources.

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