JP7464276B2 - 2D code generation method, 2D code generation system, 2D code evaluation method, 2D code evaluation system, and 2D code management system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a two-dimensional code generation method, a two-dimensional code generation system, a two-dimensional code evaluation method, a two-dimensional code evaluation system, and a two-dimensional code management system.

Related 2D codes are already well known. Related 2D codes are 2D codes that are associated with other related 2D codes.

A typical example of such an associated two-dimensional code is the QR Code (registered trademark) having a structurally linked relationship defined in Chapter 9 of the JIS standard (also called the structurally linked QR Code (registered trademark)), and technology utilizing this code has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2010-61468 A

However, there is a demand to guarantee the authenticity of people, objects, etc. In other words, it is necessary to prove that the object in question is a genuine person (or that it was created or managed by a genuine person) and that unscrupulous businesses etc. are not involved.

The present invention has been developed in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its main objective is to appropriately ensure authenticity when managing objects with two-dimensional codes by using technology related to related two-dimensional codes.

The main invention is a two-dimensional code generation method for generating a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other, which generates each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes by performing a generation process multiple times to obtain a private data code word, obtain a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word, obtain a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word, and generate a related two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block, and when obtaining the private data code word in each of the generation processes, the method includes in the private data code word authentication information that identifies a target person, either a passenger in a means of transportation, a participant in an event, or a person in charge of a service, or target information that identifies content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related code information that makes it possible to identify that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other.

Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a two-dimensional code symbol. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an extension encoder. 1 is a schematic diagram of an RS block of an associated two-dimensional code (extended associated two-dimensional code) according to this embodiment. FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of related code information. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing other examples of related code information. 1 is a flowchart of a two-dimensional code symbol generating method. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an RS block of an associated two-dimensional code. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a non-public data code word of an associated two-dimensional code. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram when a part of an RS block is replaced. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an extended decoder. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating an associated two-dimensional code. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a method for extracting a non-public data code word from an associated two-dimensional code. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a method for extracting the information body of an associated two-dimensional code. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing various pieces of information displayed on a display. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating a first application example. 16A and 16B are schematic diagrams showing various information according to the first application example displayed on a display. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a second application example. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which various information according to a second application example is displayed on a display. FIG. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a third application example. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which various information according to a third application example is displayed on a display. FIG.

The present specification and the accompanying drawings make clear at least the following I. to V.

I. A two-dimensional code generating method for generating a plurality of related two-dimensional codes associated with each other, the two-dimensional code generating method being characterized in that the following steps are performed a plurality of times to generate each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes: obtaining a private data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word, which includes at least information on any of the subjects, which are passengers of a means of transportation, participants of an event, or personnel in charge of a service; obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word; and generating a related two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block. The two-dimensional code generating method is characterized in that the method includes, in the private data code word, object information for identifying the subject or content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related code information for identifying that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, when obtaining the private data code word in each of the generating steps.

In such cases, it will be possible to appropriately ensure authenticity when managing objects using two-dimensional codes by using technology related to related two-dimensional codes.

The related code information may also include identification information indicating whether a two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code or not and common to all of the related two-dimensional codes , chain number information indicating the chain number of multiple related two-dimensional codes associated with each other, sequence number information indicating what number of related two-dimensional codes the related two-dimensional code having the related code information is among the chain number of related two-dimensional codes, and index information for determining whether the related two-dimensional code having the related code information is associated with another related two-dimensional code having a different sequence number from the related two-dimensional code.

In such cases, authenticity can be guaranteed even more reliably.

II. A two-dimensional code generation system for generating a plurality of related two-dimensional codes associated with each other, the two-dimensional code generation system includes a step of: obtaining a private data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word, which includes at least information on a target person, such as a passenger of a means of transportation, a participant of an event, or a service staff member; obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word; and generating the related two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block. The system generates each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes by performing the steps of: obtaining a private data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having an error correction code word and a public data code word including at least information on a target person, such as a passenger of a means of transportation, a participant of an event, or a service staff member ...

In such cases, it will be possible to appropriately ensure authenticity when managing objects using two-dimensional codes by using technology related to related two-dimensional codes.

III. A two-dimensional code evaluation method for reading a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the above two-dimensional code generation method and evaluating whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, comprising: an extraction step of executing a related code information extraction process for each of the plurality of read related two-dimensional codes, which extracts the replaced code block from the related two-dimensional code, extracts the private data code word from the replaced code block, and extracts authentication information identifying the target person or target information identifying content to be provided based on the authentication information and the related code information from the private data code word; and an evaluation step of evaluating whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the related code information obtained from each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes.

In such cases, it will be possible to appropriately ensure authenticity when managing objects using two-dimensional codes by using technology related to related two-dimensional codes.

The evaluation process may also include determining the replaced code block from the associated two-dimensional code, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and evaluating that the multiple associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other based on the associated code information from the private data code word.

In such cases, it will be possible to appropriately ensure authenticity when managing the target using authentication information by using technology related to the associated two-dimensional code.

The related code information may include identification information indicating whether a two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code, chain number information indicating the number of chains of the multiple related two-dimensional codes associated with each other, sequence number information indicating which related two-dimensional code having the related code information is the related two-dimensional code among the number of chains of the related two-dimensional codes, and index information for determining whether the related two-dimensional code having the related code information is associated with another related two-dimensional code having a different sequence number from the related two-dimensional code. In the evaluation process, it may be confirmed that each of the two-dimensional codes is a related two-dimensional code based on the identification information, and it may be confirmed that the number of chains of different sequence numbers are complete based on the chain number information and the sequence number information obtained from each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes, and when it is confirmed that the number of chains of the related two-dimensional codes having different sequence numbers are associated based on the index information, the multiple related two-dimensional codes may be evaluated as being associated with each other.

In such cases, authenticity can be guaranteed even more reliably.

In addition, the system may have a display step of displaying the fact that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other when it is evaluated that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other. In this case, it may be possible to clearly inform an operator of the two-dimensional code evaluation system that the multiple related two-dimensional codes have been evaluated (confirmed) as being related to each other and that their authenticity has been guaranteed (certified).

The system may also have a display step of displaying information that can be referenced based on the authentication information when it is evaluated that the multiple associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, in which case it may be evaluated (confirmed) that the multiple authentication information is associated with each other, and the referenced information with guaranteed authenticity (authenticated) may be displayed to a passenger, an operator, a participant, an organizer, a person in charge, a supervisor, etc. This makes it possible to display information to be provided separately depending on the presence or absence of authentication information, even if the multiple associated two-dimensional codes are evaluated to be associated with each other.

In addition, the extraction process may include extracting the public data code word from the replaced code block using the error correction code word, and executing a public information extraction process for extracting public information from the public data code word for each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes that have been read, and a display process for displaying each of the public information when it is determined that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other.

In such a case, an operator, etc. of the two-dimensional code evaluation system can know from the display of public information that it has been evaluated (confirmed) that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other and that the authenticity of the items managed by the related two-dimensional codes has been guaranteed (certified), and further, additional information embedded in each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes may be presented collectively to the operator, etc. of the two-dimensional code evaluation system.

In addition, in the extraction step, a non-public information extraction process for extracting non-public information from the non-public data code word may be executed for each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes that have been read, and in the display step, each piece of non-public information may be displayed.

In such a case, the operator, etc. of the two-dimensional code evaluation system can know from the display of non-disclosed information that it has been evaluated (confirmed) that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other and that the authenticity of the items managed by the related two-dimensional codes has been guaranteed (certified), and further, the additional information embedded in each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes can be presented to the operator, etc. of the two-dimensional code evaluation system all at once.

In addition, in the extraction step, a non-public information extraction process for extracting non-public information from the non-public data code word may be executed for each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes that have been read, and in the display step, each piece of non-public information may be displayed.

In such a case, the operator, etc. of the two-dimensional code evaluation system can know, through the display of non-public information, that it has been evaluated (confirmed) that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other and that the authenticity of the items managed by the related two-dimensional codes has been guaranteed (certified), and further, the additional information embedded in each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes can be presented to the operator, etc. of the two-dimensional code evaluation system all at once.

In addition, in the display process, each piece of public information may be displayed in the order of its sequential number, and each piece of private information may be displayed in the order of its sequential number.

In such a case, it is possible to display public and private information in the desired order, regardless of the order in which the related two-dimensional codes are read.

IV. A two-dimensional code evaluation system that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the above two-dimensional code generation system and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, the two-dimensional code evaluation system performs a related code information extraction process for each of the plurality of read related two-dimensional codes, which extracts the replaced code block from the related two - dimensional codes, extracts the private data code word from the replaced code block, and extracts authentication information that identifies the target person or target information that identifies content to be provided based on the authentication information and related code information from the private data code word, and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the related code information obtained from each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes.

In such cases, it will be possible to appropriately ensure authenticity when managing objects using two-dimensional codes by using technology related to related two-dimensional codes.

V. A two-dimensional code management system for managing a plurality of related two-dimensional codes associated with each other, the system comprising: a step of obtaining a private data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word including at least information on a target person, which is any one of a passenger of a means of transportation, a participant of an event, or a person in charge of a service; obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word; and generating the related two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block, the system generates each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes by performing the steps of: a step of obtaining a private data code word; a two-dimensional code generation system that includes related code information for the purpose of identifying a related two-dimensional code in a private data code word; and a two-dimensional code evaluation system that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the two-dimensional code generation system and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, the two-dimensional code evaluation system determining the replaced code block from the related two-dimensional codes, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and executing a related code information extraction process for each of the read related two-dimensional codes to extract the authentication information or the target information and the related code information from the private data code word, and evaluating whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other based on the authentication information or the target information, and the related code information obtained from each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes.

In such cases, it will be possible to appropriately ensure authenticity when managing objects using two-dimensional codes by using technology related to related two-dimensional codes.

(Example of a two-dimensional code according to an embodiment)
First, a QR code (registered trademark) will be described as an example of a two-dimensional code used in this embodiment. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, the code conforms to the Japanese Industrial Standards JIS X 0510 2004 "Two-dimensional code symbol - QR code (registered trademark) -" (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "JIS standard"). An encoder conforming to this JIS standard is called a standard encoder, and a decoder conforming to the JIS standard is called a standard decoder. An encoder capable of handling private data code words (private information) that are not public (concealed) is called an extended encoder 10 (corresponding to a two-dimensional code generation system), and a decoder is called an extended decoder 20 (corresponding to a two-dimensional code evaluation system). The extended encoder 10 and the extended decoder 20 constitute an extended management system (corresponding to a two-dimensional code management system).

In other words, the QR code (registered trademark) used here is premised on being a two-dimensional code capable of recording both public and private information (such QR codes (registered trademarks) are sometimes referred to as extended two-dimensional codes). Public information is information that can be read using a JIS standard decoder (standard decoder). On the other hand, private information is information that cannot be read using a standard decoder, but can be extracted using the extended decoder 20 described below.

In the following description, the "code word" is described as being 8 bits long, but depending on the system it can also be 16 bits long, 1 bit long, or some other length.

Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of a two-dimensional code symbol 1. Two-dimensional code symbols 1 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "two-dimensional codes") are available in a variety of sizes, from type 1 to type 40, but here we will explain each function using model number "2" as an example.

The two-dimensional code symbol 1 has a functional pattern and an encoding area. The functional pattern is a pattern required to search for the position of the two-dimensional code symbol and to identify its characteristics, which are necessary to assist in decoding the two-dimensional code within the module. The encoding area is an area in which the necessary information is written.

The functional patterns include a position detection pattern FP, a separation pattern SP, a timing pattern TP, an alignment pattern AP and a quiet zone QZ.

The position detection pattern FP is a pattern that is placed in at least three corners of the two-dimensional code. When reading, the orientation and position of the two-dimensional code symbol 1 can be correctly recognized by identifying the three position detection patterns FP.

The separator pattern SP is a bright module one module wide that is arranged around the position detection pattern FP. This allows the position detection pattern FP to be distinguished from the two-dimensional code symbol 1.

Module M is a unit cell that makes up the two-dimensional code symbol 1. In principle, one bit corresponds to one module. Note that here, a collection of multiple modules M, which are unit cells that make up the two-dimensional code, is called a module group.

The timing pattern TP is a pattern in which dark and light modules are arranged alternately in a straight line, one module at a time. The timing pattern TP makes it possible to recognize the number of modules in the two-dimensional code symbol 1, and therefore to identify the model number of the two-dimensional code.

The alignment pattern AP is a pattern that is placed at a position determined by the model number of the two-dimensional code. In the case of a large module, the alignment pattern AP serves to assist in locating the position of the two-dimensional code symbol 1.

The quiet zone QZ is a bright module area at least four modules wide arranged around the two-dimensional code.

The coding area contains data, error correction code words (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "correction code words"), and format information FI. Model number information is also added to larger model numbers. The format information FI contains information on the error correction level and the standard mask pattern (mask pattern in the JIS standard).

The data and error correction code words are used to store the actual data and the error correction code words for error correction in case the data cannot be read. The format information contains information on the error correction level to be applied to the two-dimensional code symbol 1 and the standard mask pattern to be used, and is the coding pattern required to decode the coding area.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of the extended encoder 10. The extended encoder 10 is a device that converts information including not only public information but also private information into a two-dimensional code symbol 1. The extended encoder 10 includes a control unit 11, a display device 13, a printing device 14, and an input device 15.

The control unit 11 comprises a calculation unit 11a and a memory unit 11b. The calculation unit 11a is composed of a central processing unit and the like, and is responsible for executing programs and performing various calculations. The memory unit 11b is responsible for storing data required for executing programs. In particular, the memory unit 11b stores programs for executing various processes.

The display device 13 is responsible for the display function required for data input, etc. The display device 13 also displays the generated two-dimensional code symbol 1 on a display. The printing device 14 also displays the generated two-dimensional code symbol 1 on a paper medium, etc. by printing. The input device 15 is used for data input and for operating the extended encoder 10.

In this embodiment, an associated two-dimensional code (which is an associated two-dimensional code of a QR code (registered trademark), and is therefore hereinafter referred to as an associated two-dimensional code) is used as the two-dimensional code. An associated two-dimensional code is a two-dimensional code in which there exists another associated two-dimensional code associated with the associated two-dimensional code. In other words, while a normal QR code (registered trademark) is independent in itself and unrelated to other QR codes (registered trademarks), an associated two-dimensional code is associated with other associated two-dimensional codes, and these associated two-dimensional codes are linked to each other.

A typical example of such an associated two-dimensional code is a two-dimensional code with structurally connected relationships (also called a structurally connected two-dimensional code) as defined in Chapter 9 of the JIS standard. A structurally connected two-dimensional code is a code in which the code information itself is incorporated in such a way that it can be determined that it is a partial code that has been divided based on certain code information and is related to each other. In other words, by using this, a large code can be divided into multiple small codes that are related to each other, and the divided small codes become associated two-dimensional codes.

However, the related two-dimensional code dealt with in this specification is not such a JIS-standard structurally linked two-dimensional code. Below, the JIS-standard structurally linked two-dimensional code is also referred to as the standard related two-dimensional code, and the related two-dimensional code dealt with in this paper is also referred to as the extended related two-dimensional code.

Details will be given later, but the differences between standard related two-dimensional codes and extended two-dimensional codes are as follows: In standard related two-dimensional codes, the related code information JIS standard Chapter 8.3.7 defines how multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, and the structural concatenation header described in Chapter 9.1 is not concealed. Therefore, when a related two-dimensional code is read by a standard decoder, the standard decoder can determine that the two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code (structural concatenation two-dimensional code).

On the other hand, in the case of an extended related two-dimensional code, the related code information is contained in a private data code word (i.e., the related code information is hidden), so when the related two-dimensional code is read by a standard decoder, the standard decoder is unable to determine that the two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code (in other words, it recognizes it as a normal QR code (registered trademark)). It is only by reading it with an extended decoder 20 that can handle private data code words (private information) that it is possible to recognize that the QR code (registered trademark) is a related two-dimensional code.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an RS block of a related two-dimensional code (extended related two-dimensional code) according to this embodiment. First, with reference to Figure 3, an overview of the data format of the extended related two-dimensional code and a method of embedding private data code words (private information and related code information) will be described. Figure 3 shows an RS (Reed-Solomon) block as an error correction processing unit. The two-dimensional code symbol 1 includes one or more RS blocks. The RS block is treated as one error correction processing unit.

In the embodiment described here, an error correction method using Reed-Solomon (RS) codes is adopted, and therefore an "RS block" is described as an example of a processing unit block for error detection and correction calculations.

The RS block before substitution (corresponding to the code block before substitution. Since the RS block after substitution will appear later, the RS block before substitution is distinguished from the RS block after substitution here) includes a public data code word having an information body (corresponding to public information) to be displayed, a terminal code which is a non-display part, and a padding code word which is a non-display part. Note that the authentication information may be included in both the public information and the private information. The RS block before substitution also includes an RS code as a correction code word. The information body is information that can be decoded when the two-dimensional code symbol 1 is read even by a standard decoder. The terminal code is a code that indicates the end of the information body. The padding code word is a temporary code word used for the purpose of filling empty code word parts when the total number of code words in the information body is less than the capacity of the two-dimensional code symbol 1. The RS code is a code added to correct errors in units of RS blocks.

In the two-dimensional code, four error correction levels, "L", "M", "Q" and "H", can be selected. At the error correction level "L", the error correction ability is about 7% of the total number of words. For example, if the number of words in the RS block is 100%, the error correction ability is about 7% of that. At the error correction level "M", the error correction ability is about 15% of the total number of words. At the error correction level "Q", the error correction ability is about 25% of the total number of words. At the error correction level "H", the error correction ability is about 30% of the total number of words. In this embodiment, for example, the highest class of error correction ability "H" is used to conceal the private data code word (private information and related code/information) in the two-dimensional code. However, the error correction level may be changed depending on the degree of risk of damage to the medium on which the code symbol is formed, or depending on the number of words of the private data code word to be concealed depending on the method.

The concept of the method of concealing information in a two-dimensional code is as follows. Here, "concealing" information means making it impossible to read and obtain it by standard methods (devices, software, etc., a specific example being a decoder), unlike normal information which can be read and obtained by standard methods (devices, software, etc., a specific example being a decoder). Figure 3 shows a private data code word. Here, part of the RS block is replaced with this private data code word. Even if only a part is replaced in this way, a standard decoder can correct the main information portion after replacement using the RS code. The corrected main information portion can then be read and displayed. On the other hand, the private data code word is information which is corrected by the RS code and discarded, and therefore will not be displayed by a standard decoder.

In response to this, the extended decoder 20 extracts a private data code word from the replaced RS block, as described below. Then, the information body is read out by performing correction using the RS code. Using the above principles, it is possible to conceal private information, authentication information identifying a target person, such as a passenger in a means of transport, a participant in an event, or a service staff member, or target information and related code information identifying content to be provided based on the authentication information, in the two-dimensional code symbol 1. Details of the method for partially replacing an RS block with a private data code word will be described later.

As described above and as shown in FIG. 3, the related code information is included in the private data code word together with the private information. The authentication information is included as part of the private data code word in the private information area as described above. However, the private data code containing this related code information is only the first private data code word (i.e., the private data code word to be replaced in the first pre-replacement RS block) (however, it is not limited to the first, and may be, for example, only the second private data code word). The related data code information in this embodiment includes identification information, chain number information, sequence number information, and index information, as shown in FIG. 4. Note that FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of related code information.

Here, authentication information is information for identifying a target person, for example, a passenger in a means of transportation, a participant in an event, or a person in charge of a service.

The target information is, for example, information for identifying the content to be provided based on the authentication information. The means of transportation may be, for example, an airplane, a passenger ship, a train, a bus (shuttle service), a taxi, a bicycle, car sharing, ride sharing, or other moving body, and may be any vehicle that transports passengers. The passenger may be, for example, one person, more than one person, or a passenger.

Events may be, for example, sports-related events such as baseball or soccer, as well as music or live concerts, games or various experiential attractions, movies, exhibitions, seminars or information sessions, etc., as long as one or more people gather and the event can be provided, enjoyed, shared or experienced through a real or virtual space.

The services may be, for example, care services in an elderly care facility or other on-site repair or maintenance work services, and may be performed, for example, by one or more personnel.

The authentication information may be, for example, a frequent flyer number, affiliate membership number, or other number related to a service provided by a transportation company such as an airline. The authentication information specifies whether or not a person is a member, but does not, for example, identify an individual, and may be constructed without being linked to personal information.

In addition, the target information is information for identifying a group of content such as text information, images, videos, etc. that can be selected from multiple options and is provided based on authentication information that identifies a target person, such as a passenger on a means of transportation such as an aircraft, a participant in an event being held, or a person in charge of a service being provided.

The associated two-dimensional code may be, for example, an associated two-dimensional code having authentication information that stores different information for each passenger and is printed on the boarding pass and handed to the passenger or distributed to a passenger device held by the passenger, or an associated two-dimensional code that is associated with the associated two-dimensional code on the boarding pass in the in-flight magazine and stores target information that specifically identifies a content group from which digital content such as pre-prepared images can be appropriately selected from a plurality of options based on the authentication information that differs for each passenger, and is printed for each article or special feature section linked to the given content group.

The boarding pass is, for example, for an airplane, but if the means of transportation is a ship such as a passenger ship, it may be a boarding pass, a train ticket, a bus ticket, a taxi, a bicycle, a car sharing, a ride sharing, or a ticket for other vehicles. For example, boarding passes, boarding passes, or tickets are issued individually when each means of transportation is used. For example, boarding passes, boarding passes, or tickets are printed and issued as a common ticket when the means of transportation is a multiple process or tour. By printing and issuing each boarding pass, boarding pass, or ticket as a common ticket, one ticket can be used in common for other means of transportation, processes, etc. The content provided may be digital content such as video prepared in advance based on, for example, the identification information of each means of transportation, the process or tour time for each means of transportation, location information, etc.

In-flight magazines, in-car magazines, and other information magazines may contain other booklets, flyers, coupons, and other content, or content that is distributed or placed on board a ship or train. In-flight magazines, in-car magazines, and other information magazines may be paper media, electronic media, or electronic two-dimensional codes.

This makes it possible, for example, to provide different information depending on the authentication information of the associated two-dimensional code (two-dimensional code A) of the person reading it (passenger), even if the same associated two-dimensional code (two-dimensional code B) is read. For example, even if the associated two-dimensional codes are published in the same month and printed on the same page of the same issue of the in-flight magazine, if the passenger is a member, the authentication information contained in two-dimensional code A is evaluated, making it possible to refer to information with high added value. On the other hand, if the passenger is a non-member, two-dimensional code A does not contain authentication information, so digital content information provided as standard may be referenced.

The associated two-dimensional code may be printed on the passenger's boarding pass by a device (e.g., a printer) at the boarding gate when the passenger checks in. Based on the passenger's boarding pass information that has been read, the management server may obtain authentication information related to the content medium to be referenced, and the obtained authentication information may be included in a private data code word of the associated two-dimensional code, which is then printed as the associated two-dimensional code (not shown).

In the case of event participants, the associated two-dimensional code may be, for example, an associated two-dimensional code having authentication information that stores different information for each participant and is printed or generated on an admission ticket or ticket for the event, etc. and handed or distributed to the participant, and an associated two-dimensional code that is associated with the associated two-dimensional code on the ticket in a newsletter, flyer, coupon, etc. and stores target information that specifically identifies a content group from which digital content such as pre-prepared videos and value-added information can be appropriately selected from a plurality of options based on the authentication information that differs for each participant, and is printed for each article or special feature corner linked to the given content group.

The newsletter may be distributed at a seat or venue along with other content such as booklets, flyers, coupons, etc. The newsletter may also be pre-installed content. The newsletter may be a paper medium or an electronic medium, and the two-dimensional code may be electronically generated.

This makes it possible, for example, to provide different information depending on the authentication information of the related two-dimensional code (two-dimensional code A) of the person reading it (participant), even if the same related two-dimensional code (two-dimensional code B) is read.

For example, even if related two-dimensional codes are issued in the same month and printed on the same page of the same issue of the newsletter, if the participant is a member, the authentication information contained in two-dimensional code A will be evaluated, making it possible to refer to information with high added value. On the other hand, if the participant is a non-member, two-dimensional code A will not contain authentication information, so standard digital content information, etc. may be referenced.

The associated two-dimensional code may be printed on the ticket of an event participant, for example, by a device (e.g., a printer) at the entrance gate when the participant is checked in for entry. Based on the information of the participant's admission ticket or ticket that has been read, the management server may obtain authentication information related to the content medium to be referenced, and the obtained authentication information may be included in the private data code word of the associated two-dimensional code, which is then printed as the associated two-dimensional code (not shown).

In the case of a service staff member, the associated two-dimensional code may be, for example, an associated two-dimensional code having authentication information that stores different information for each staff member and is printed or generated on an instruction sheet for the service, etc. and handed or distributed to the staff member; or an associated two-dimensional code that is associated with the associated two-dimensional code on an ID badge in a work procedure manual, etc. and stores target information that specifically identifies a content group from which digital content such as pre-prepared work videos can be appropriately selected from a plurality of options based on the authentication information that differs for each staff member, and is printed for each article or dedicated task linked to the given content group.

The work procedure manuals, etc. may be, for example, manuals, procedure manuals, various menus, content such as service codes, content distributed when a service is assigned or installed at the work site, etc. In addition, the work procedure manuals, etc. may be in the form of paper, electronic media, or electronic two-dimensional codes.

The identification information is information that indicates whether or not the two-dimensional code is an associated two-dimensional code. This identification information is common to all associated two-dimensional codes (it has the same value if it is an associated two-dimensional code and not a normal two-dimensional code), and in this embodiment (example of Figure 4), the identification information is "01010000 (binary)." The extended decoder 20 reads this number "01010000 (binary)" and is able to determine that the two-dimensional code is an associated two-dimensional code (and not a normal associated two-dimensional code).

Chain number information is information that indicates the number of chains of multiple related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other. In other words, chain number information can also be said to be the number of elements in a two-dimensional code group (collection) made up of multiple related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other. In the example of Figure 4, the chain number information is "3 (decimal)," which means that three related two-dimensional codes (two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, and two-dimensional code C) are associated with each other.

The sequence number information is information that indicates the ordinal number of the related two-dimensional code having the related code information among the number of related two-dimensional codes in the number of chains. In the example of Figure 4, the sequence number information of two-dimensional code A is "1 (decimal)", and therefore two-dimensional code A is the first related two-dimensional code out of three. Similarly, the sequence number information of two-dimensional code B and two-dimensional code C is "2 (decimal)" and "3 (decimal)", and therefore two-dimensional code B and two-dimensional code C are the second and third related two-dimensional codes out of three.

The index information is information for determining whether or not a related two-dimensional code having related code information is associated with another related two-dimensional code having a different sequence number from the related two-dimensional code. In this embodiment, a password common to a plurality of related two-dimensional codes associated with each other is used as the index information. In the example of FIG. 4, this password is AF (hexadecimal), and therefore, the index information of each of two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, and two-dimensional code C is AF (hexadecimal). Then, the extended decoder 20 reads this password "AF (hexadecimal)" from each of two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, and two-dimensional code C and confirms that the passwords match, thereby making it possible to determine whether or not two-dimensional code A (two-dimensional code B, two-dimensional code C) is associated with another related two-dimensional code having a different sequence number from the two-dimensional code A (two-dimensional code B, two-dimensional code C) (i.e., two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, and two-dimensional code C are associated).

In the example of Figure 4, the only two-dimensional code with sequence number 3 that is associated with two-dimensional code A with sequence number 1 and two-dimensional code B with sequence number 2 is two-dimensional code C, but there may be multiple such two-dimensional codes with sequence number 3.

For example, as shown in Figure 5A, in addition to two-dimensional code C, two-dimensional code C' may also exist as a two-dimensional code with sequence number 3. The related code information of such two-dimensional code C' is the same as that of two-dimensional code C. Note that two-dimensional code C and two-dimensional code C' are not related to each other, so two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, and two-dimensional code C (or two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, and two-dimensional code C') can be said to be multiple related two-dimensional codes that are related to each other, but two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, two-dimensional code C, and two-dimensional code C' cannot be said to be multiple related two-dimensional codes that are related to each other.

The same is true for two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B; for example, as shown in Figure 5B, two-dimensional code A', two-dimensional code A'', and two-dimensional code B' may also exist.

Next, a specific method for generating related two-dimensional codes will be explained based on the example of Figure 4 (i.e., the method for generating two-dimensional code A, two-dimensional code B, and two-dimensional code C will be explained as an example).

Figure 6 is a flowchart of a two-dimensional code symbol generation method. Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram of an RS block of a related two-dimensional code. Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram of a private data code word of a related two-dimensional code. In the following explanation, unless otherwise specified, the encoding method for the two-dimensional code symbol 1 is a method according to the JIS standard. Note that in most cases, the two-dimensional code symbol 1 has multiple RS blocks, but for ease of explanation, one RS block is used as an example for explanation here. Also, the contents shown below are examples for ease of explanation, so the length of each code word may differ from the actual one.

As a premise, the memory unit 11b stores information on the start position of the private data code word to be replaced and the length (number of words) of the private data code word, which can be determined by a predetermined method. Similarly, information on the start position of the related code information in the private data code word (in this embodiment, the beginning of the private data code word) and the length is stored. Note that how to determine which part and how long the private data code word will replace and which part of the private data code word will be occupied by the related code information is arbitrary and is not limited to the method of this embodiment.

First, the information body and the private information to be embedded in the two-dimensional code symbol 1 related to the two-dimensional code A are imported (S102). Here, the information body is "TOKYO<cr>MINATO<cr>JPN" (Figure 7), and the private information is "1234567890" (Figure 8).

Next, the private data code word of the two-dimensional code symbol 1 is obtained by adding the related code information to the private information that has been taken in (S103). This creates a private data code word that includes the private information and the related code information. Note that although authentication information is not shown in S103, when the private data code word is obtained in each generation process, the authentication information and the related code information are included in the private data code word.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the private data code word is obtained by including the related code information ("50h" obtained by converting "01010000 (binary)" to hexadecimal, "31h" obtained by converting "3 (decimal)" and "1 (decimal)" to hexadecimal, and the password "AFh") and the private information ("1234567890") in the private data code word.

Next, the model number of the two-dimensional code symbol 1 is determined based on the captured information body (public data code word) and private data code word (S104). The total number of code words of the two-dimensional code symbol 1 is determined according to the model number. The total number of code words is the sum of the number of data code words, including the number of words of the information body (public information word), and the number of correction code words. In addition, the size and number of RS blocks, which are made up of data code words and correction code words, are determined according to the model number of the two-dimensional code symbol 1. Error correction is performed in units of RS blocks.

For example, if the error correction level is "H" and the model number is "4", the total number of code words is set to "100". It is also set to include four RS blocks. The number of data code words in one RS block is "9", and the number of correction code words is "16".

The sum of the number of data code words "9" and the number of correction code words "16" is "25", and since there are four such RS blocks, a two-dimensional code symbol with a model number of "4" has a total number of code words of 25 x 4 = 100.

In this case, the number of error corrections is "8" per RS block. This means that it has the ability to correct "8" out of the total "9" data code words. Since there were four RS blocks, it has a total correction capacity of 4 x 8 = 32 words. Since it is possible to correct 32 words out of 100 words, it has a correction capacity of 32% overall.

Replacement with private data code words is performed for each RS block, without exceeding the number of error corrections for the RS block. In the above case, replacement of 8 code words is permitted for each RS block, resulting in a total of 32 code word replacements (sometimes called the "total number of replacements permitted").

Based on such calculations, the model number of the smallest size two-dimensional code symbol 1 is selected such that the number of private data code words does not exceed the total number of substitution allowable words and the number of words in the information body (public data code words) does not exceed the number of data code words.

Next, an RS block (pre-replacement RS block) having a public data code word and a correction code word is generated based on the code word of the information body (S106). To generate the RS block, the code word of the information body is divided into multiple blocks. Then, an error correction code word is generated for each block, and the generated correction code word is added after the corresponding code word. Then, the RS block is generated. The method of generating the correction code word can conform to the JIS standard.

Figure 7 shows an example of an information body, a termination code, and a correction code word (note that this is an example in which no padding code word exists). Here, plain text information is shown as the code word of the information body. The termination code can be, for example, a bit string of "0000". Then, an RS code generated based on the code word containing the information body is added to create an RS block.

A part of the RS block thus generated is replaced with a secret data code word as shown in Fig. 8 (S108). That is, a part of the RS block before replacement is replaced with the secret data code word to obtain a replaced RS block in which the secret data code word is concealed.

Figure 9 is an explanatory diagram of when a part of an RS block is replaced. Figure 9 shows the aforementioned RS block and the private data code word. Then, based on the start position information and length information of the aforementioned private data code word, as shown in Figure 9, in this embodiment, the start of the RS block is replaced with a private data code word.

In this way, when part of an RS block is replaced with a private data code word, part of the information body is lost. However, because corrections can be made on an RS block basis, a standard decoder can correct the replaced information body part with the RS code, properly extract it, and display it.

The portion replaced with the private data code word is regarded as an error caused by dirt or the like on the two-dimensional code symbol 1 and is discarded, so it cannot be displayed by a standard decoder. On the other hand, the extended decoder 20 extracts the private data code word from the replaced RS block, as described below. Then, correction is performed using the RS code to extract the main information portion. The extracted private data code word (private information) and the main information portion (public information) are then displayed.

Next, a two-dimensional code symbol 1 is created based on the replaced RS block (S110). The method for generating the two-dimensional code symbol 1 based on the RS block can be the same as the standard two-dimensional code generation method in the JIS standard. In this way, a two-dimensional code symbol 1 related to the two-dimensional code A can be generated.

Next, the procedure from step S102 to step S110 is repeated to generate other related two-dimensional codes (S112). That is, in this embodiment, following the generation of two-dimensional code symbol 1 related to two-dimensional code A, a similar method is used to generate two-dimensional code symbol 1 related to two-dimensional code B and two-dimensional code symbol 1 related to two-dimensional code C. In this manner, in this embodiment, a plurality of related two-dimensional codes are generated by executing the generation process consisting of steps S102 to S110 multiple times.

Next, a method for decoding the two-dimensional code symbol 1 thus generated will be described. The decoding is performed by the extended decoder 20 described above. The extended decoder 20 reads multiple related two-dimensional codes and evaluates (confirms) that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other. Then, by confirming that these related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, it becomes possible to guarantee (authenticate) the authenticity (legitimacy) of the objects managed by the related two-dimensional codes (such as the person who owns the related two-dimensional code or the object to which the related two-dimensional code is attached) (details will be described later with a specific example).

Figure 10 is a block diagram of the extended decoder 20. The extended decoder 20 is a device that reads multiple related two-dimensional codes, expands the public and private information to be displayed contained in the two-dimensional code symbol 1, and further evaluates (confirms) that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other. The extended decoder 20 includes a control unit 21, an imaging device 22, a display device 23, a printing device 24, and an input device 25.

The control unit 21 includes a calculation unit 21a and a memory unit 21b. The calculation unit 21a is composed of a central processing unit and the like, and is responsible for executing programs and performing various calculations. The memory unit 21b is responsible for storing data required for executing programs. In particular, the memory unit 21b stores programs for executing various processes.

The imaging device 22 is a device for capturing an image of the two-dimensional code symbol 1, such as a CCD camera.

The display device 23 is responsible for the display functions required for data input, etc. The display device 23 also displays information expanded from the two-dimensional code on a display. The printing device 24 also displays the expanded information on paper media, etc. by printing. The input device 25 is used to input data and operate the extended decoder 20.

With reference to Figures 8 to 10, it has been explained how a private data code word is obtained by including related code information ("50h" obtained by converting "01010000 (binary)" to hexadecimal, "31h" obtained by converting "3 (decimal)" and "1 (decimal)" to hexadecimal, and the password "AFh") and private information ("1234567890") in the private data code word. The same applies to a two-dimensional code generation method in which authentication information is included in a private data code word, and this may be performed by each of the processes described above.

Figure 11 is a flowchart of the related two-dimensional code evaluation method. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, the decoding method for the two-dimensional code symbol 1 is the method according to the JIS standard.

As a premise, the memory unit 21b of the extended decoder 20 stores information (start position information and length information) related to the start position to be replaced with the private data code word and the length (number of words) of the private data code word, which can be determined by a predetermined method. Similarly, information related to the start position (beginning of the private data code word) and length of the related code information in the public data code word is stored. Note that how to determine which part and how long the private data code word will be replaced with, and which part of the private data code word and how long the related code information will occupy, is arbitrary and is not limited to the method of this embodiment.

First, the two-dimensional code symbol 1 is read (S202). Here, it is assumed that the two-dimensional code symbol 1 relating to the two-dimensional code A is read first. Then, based on the read two-dimensional code symbol 1, multiple RS blocks are expanded (S204). The expansion into these multiple RS blocks can be in accordance with the JIS standard. This allows, for example, the replaced RS block shown in FIG. 9 above to be obtained. In other words, the replaced code block is obtained from the associated two-dimensional code.

Next, the code word (public data code word) and private data code word of the information body are extracted from the obtained replaced RS block by a predetermined method (S206).

Figure 12 is an explanatory diagram of a method for extracting a private data code word of a related two-dimensional code. Figure 12 shows the replaced RS block and the private data code word.

As described above, the replaced RS block can be obtained by reading the two-dimensional code symbol 1 and expanding it in accordance with the JIS standard. In this embodiment, the extended decoder 20 identifies the position of the private data code word in the replaced RS block based on the start position information and length information of the private data code word stored in the memory unit 21b. Then, the private data code word is extracted from the identified position.

Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram of a method for extracting the information body of an associated two-dimensional code. The extended decoder 20 obtains the pre-replacement RS block by performing error correction on the post-replacement RS block. Then, information from the beginning to the end code of the pre-replacement RS block is extracted, and the extracted data is used as the information body. In other words, a public data code word is extracted from the post-replacement RS block using a correction code word, and the information body, which is public information, is extracted from the public data code word.

Next, the extended decoder 20 extracts the private information and the related code information from the private data code word. That is, the extended decoder 20 identifies the position of the related code information in the private data code word based on the start position information and length information of the related code information stored in the memory unit 21b. Then, the extended decoder 20 extracts the related code information from the identified position and sets the remaining information of the private data code word as private information.

The extended decoder 20 grasps (confirms) the related code information (i.e., the identification information, the chain number information, the sequence number information, and the index information) (step S210). That is, it grasps (confirms) from the identification information that the present two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code, and in this embodiment, grasps (confirms) from the other three pieces of information that the related two-dimensional code is the first of three related two-dimensional codes and that the password is AF (hexadecimal).

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned related code information extraction process is performed for each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes that have been read, and the multiple related two-dimensional codes are evaluated as being related to each other based on the related code information obtained from each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes. More specifically, it is confirmed that each two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code based on the identification information, it is confirmed that the number of different sequence numbers corresponding to the number of chains is collected based on the chain number information and sequence number information obtained from each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes, and it is evaluated that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other when it is confirmed that the number of related two-dimensional codes having different sequence numbers corresponding to the number of chains are related based on the index information (here, the index information (password) of the number of related two-dimensional codes corresponding to the number of chains matches), and the evaluation condition is met).

Here, since only one associated two-dimensional code has been read, the evaluation process is not yet performed. And no display is performed on the display device 23.

Next, when two-dimensional code B is read, the same procedures as steps S202 to S210 (steps S212 to S220) are executed, and the public information, private information, and related two-dimensional code information are extracted (step S218).

The extended decoder 20 first grasps (confirms) the related code information (i.e., identification information, chain number information, sequence number information, and index information), and then grasps (confirms) various information that is associated with the authentication information and recorded (registered) in advance in a management server (not shown) based on the extracted authentication information (e.g., a character string, etc.) (step S220). That is, the decoder grasps (confirms) from the identification information that the two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code, and in this embodiment, grasps (confirms) from the other three pieces of information that the related two-dimensional code is the second related two-dimensional code of the three related two-dimensional codes and that the password is AF (hexadecimal), and grasps (confirms) whether the read authentication information is recorded.

Then, the related code information is compared with the related code information of two-dimensional code A, and the aforementioned evaluation process is carried out, and for the authentication information, an evaluation is carried out between the read authentication information and the recorded authentication information (step S221).

Here, for example, in the case of related codes, the number of distinct sequence numbers is not sufficient for the number of chains (i.e., there are only 1 or 2 out of 3), and the evaluation condition is not met, so the multiple related 2D codes are not evaluated as being related to each other. In such a case, no display is performed on the display device 23.

Also, for example, in the case of authentication information, the authentication information and authentication information related to the extended decoder 20 that read the authentication information may be obtained together and evaluated together in the management server. As a result, even if authentication information printed on one's own boarding pass, ticket, ID badge, etc. is read by someone else's extended decoder 20, the various information (such as identification information related to the extended decoder 20) previously recorded in the management server will prevent any of the targets, such as a legitimate passenger, event participant, or service staff, from being evaluated as the extended decoder 20.

Furthermore, when the two-dimensional code C is read, the same procedures as steps S202 to S210 (steps S222 to S230) are executed, and the public information, private information, and related two-dimensional code information are extracted (step S228).

The extended decoder 20 grasps (confirms) the related code information (i.e., the identification information, the chain number information, the sequence number information, and the index information) (step S230). That is, it grasps (confirms) from the identification information that the present two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code, and in this embodiment, grasps (confirms) from the other three pieces of information that the related two-dimensional code is the third of three related two-dimensional codes and that the password is AF (hexadecimal).

Then, the related code information is compared with the related code information of two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B, and the evaluation process described above is performed (step S231). Here, it is confirmed that each two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code, that the number of different sequence numbers corresponding to the number of chains is complete (i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc. are complete), and that the number of related two-dimensional codes having different sequence numbers corresponding to the number of chains are associated (the index information (passwords) of the number of related two-dimensional codes corresponding to the number of chains match in AF), and since the evaluation condition is satisfied, the multiple related two-dimensional codes (two-dimensional code A to two-dimensional code C) are evaluated as being associated with each other.

The extended decoder 20 also ascertains (confirms) the authentication information. In other words, it ascertains (confirms) from the read authentication information that it is authentication information that has been recorded (registered) in advance in the management server. In this embodiment, it ascertains (confirms) from multiple pieces of authentication information that the relevant associated two-dimensional code is the third associated two-dimensional code of three associated two-dimensional codes from the other three pieces of information, and that the password is AF (hexadecimal).

In this embodiment, when the extended decoder 20 performs such an evaluation, the display device 23 displays a message indicating that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other (for example, the text "Authentication successful") (step S232). Note that instead of or in addition to the display, such a message may be notified by voice.

Furthermore, at this time, the display device 23 also displays the public information and private information of each of the two-dimensional codes A to C extracted in steps S208, S218, and S228 (step S232). In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, each piece of public information may be displayed in the order of the sequence numbers, rather than in the order in which the related two-dimensional codes were read, and similarly, each piece of private information may be displayed in the order of the sequence numbers. Also, groups of public information and groups of private information may be displayed as one group, with groups of public information followed by groups of private information. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing how various types of information are displayed on the display.

(Specific examples of application)
Some examples of applications of the above-mentioned associated two-dimensional codes will now be described.
<First application example>
First, the first application example will be described with reference to Fig. 15 and Fig. 16. Fig. 15A and Fig. 15B are explanatory diagrams for explaining the first application example. Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B are schematic diagrams showing various information related to the first application example displayed on a display.

In the first application example, a passenger of a means of transportation is used as an example, but the same applies to event participants and service personnel. For example, a passenger may have a handheld terminal (such as a smartphone equipped with a target application) as the extended decoder 20, and when the passenger holds the handheld terminal over the two-dimensional code A (for example, printed on a boarding pass) and the two-dimensional code B (for example, printed in an in-flight magazine that can be referred to on board) sequentially or simultaneously, the above-mentioned process is executed in the handheld terminal, and an evaluation is made based on the authentication information that the two-dimensional code A and the two-dimensional code B on the boarding pass are associated with each other. Then, when the evaluation is made, the words "Authentication Successful" are displayed as shown in FIG. 16A, and it is authenticated that "There are five special offers for Yamada-san." and "1. XX Trading, 2. YY Logistics, 3. ZZ Technology" are definitely for "Taro Yamada".

This makes it possible to confirm the target information based on the authentication information. In addition, as shown in FIG. 15A, public and private information are displayed on the display, allowing the passenger (member) to view and confirm information appropriate for the passenger on the display.

In the first application example, as shown in Figure 15A, an associated two-dimensional code with a chain number of 2 is used. The public information of two-dimensional code A is information related to boarding, for example, information printed on a boarding pass.

The information printed on the boarding pass is, for example, the passenger's name, boarding date, departure, arrival, flight number, seat, etc. (for example, "Yamada Taro, YYYYMMDD, departure XX, destination YY, flight number ABC10, seat 12A, ...") and each of this information is embedded in two-dimensional code A.

As private information, authentication information (e.g., "member identification ID, target information ID-1, ...") is embedded in two-dimensional code A. The public information in two-dimensional code A may be protected so that it cannot be read using a standard decoder.

In addition, the public information of the two-dimensional code A' of other passengers is also information printed on the boarding pass as information related to boarding, such as the passenger name, boarding date, departure, arrival, flight number, seat, etc. (for example, "Suzuki Hanako, YYYYMMDD, departure XX, destination YY, flight number ABC10, seat 22A, ...") and each of this information is embedded in the two-dimensional code A'.

As private information, authentication information (e.g., "member identification ID, target information ID-2, ...") is embedded in two-dimensional code A'. The public information in two-dimensional code A' may be protected so that it cannot be read using a standard decoder, as described above.

Two-dimensional code B is a related two-dimensional code that is printed in advance on the in-flight magazine. Public information for two-dimensional code B is embedded in two-dimensional code B, such as a URL for obtaining the app and public information. Private information is embedded in two-dimensional code B, such as various pieces of information for identifying each page of the in-flight magazine and authentication information (for example, "publication month ID-A, article ID-A, target information ID-A, ...").

The public information of the two-dimensional code B may be readable by anyone using a standard decoder, for example. The private information may be protected so that it cannot be read even by the extended decoder 20 unless the user is authorized to do so, or it may be protected so that it cannot be read unless the user is notified of a special password or the like.

In addition, since public information can be accessed by anyone, users who do not have the application for this system can read the related two-dimensional code by downloading and installing the application for the extended decoder 20 to the extended decoder 20 in advance.

In addition, with regard to two-dimensional code B, the two-dimensional code B printed in the in-flight magazine may be associated (authenticated) with a group of two-dimensional codes A on multiple boarding passes, and appropriate digital content (text information, images, videos, etc.) may be selected from options identified by the group of two-dimensional codes B, for example, based on the authentication information in the group of two-dimensional codes A.

Here, the groups in the group of two-dimensional code A and the group of two-dimensional code B refer to, for example, collections of related two-dimensional codes in which each element of the related code information ("chain number information," "sequence number information," "index information") has the same value. Digital content is selected by, for example, a person in charge of the service or system operator appropriately selecting (in advance) a group of content to be presented.

The content group may also be set according to the attributes of the passenger, information related to boarding, number of boardings, boarding history, and other information. This allows the passenger to select appropriate content from this content group according to, for example, their preferences, tastes, and purposes.

As shown in FIG. 15B, various target information provided based on the results of the evaluation of two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B may, for example, be associated with private authentication information and stored in a database connected to the management server of this system (not shown).

Two-dimensional code A may be printed, for example, on the passenger's boarding pass. Two-dimensional code B is printed, for example, in an in-flight magazine. The passenger (user) reads two-dimensional code A displayed on the boarding pass in his/her hand and two-dimensional code B displayed on the desired page of the in-flight magazine, for example, using the camera function and app function of a smartphone or the like with an extended decoder 20 function that the passenger owns.

As a result, the aforementioned process is executed, and an evaluation is made that two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B are associated with each other based on the associated code information contained in the private data code words of the two-dimensional codes A and B.

Figure 16A shows an example in which two-dimensional code A on the boarding pass of passenger "Yamada Taro" and a two-dimensional code in an in-flight magazine that can be viewed on board the aircraft are each read and evaluated. If the evaluation shown in Figure 16A determines that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, the words "Authentication successful" are displayed.

Next, depending on the result of the evaluation of the authentication information, the standard portion and target information (e.g., "There are five special offers for Yamada-san," "Standard phrase A, 1. XX Trading advertisement, 2. YY Logistics information, 3. ZZ Technology demo video, etc.") are displayed on the passenger's smartphone display. If the authentication information is not evaluated, the corresponding digital content may be displayed based on information for identifying each page of the in-flight magazine (e.g., "Publication month ID-A, Article ID-A").

In addition, if the passenger is already logged in with authentication information identified by membership information when the application functioning as the extended decoder 20 is launched, then when the related two-dimensional code B is read in that state, the already identified "authentication information (membership information)" is evaluated against the "authentication information" of the read related two-dimensional code, and it may be possible to refer to information corresponding to the "authentication information (membership information)" (two-dimensional code A is not read).

In addition, for example, if a passenger who is not a member photographs two-dimensional code B, the "authentication information" corresponding to the "authentication information" contained in two-dimensional code B cannot be ascertained (confirmed), so content information related to the page of two-dimensional code B may be referenced. The type of content to be referenced is up to the passenger.

Figure 16B shows an example of reading and displaying the associated two-dimensional code on the boarding pass of another passenger (e.g., "Mr. Suzuki") and the associated two-dimensional code printed on another page of the in-flight magazine. When the associated two-dimensional codes, two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B, are read, the process described above is executed and the evaluation results based on each "authentication information" are displayed. When the evaluation is completed in the same manner as described above, for example, the words "Authentication successful" are displayed.

Next, depending on the result of the evaluation of the authentication information, target information ID-B (for example, "standard phrase A, limited time only fresh Yatsuhashi, special city tour ticket, 10% discount at WW, etc.") is displayed on the display. The information may include an embedded link such as a URL to a management server that stores this information.

In addition, if it is determined that a passenger's reading of the authentication information and related two-dimensional code using the extended decoder 20 is occurring during a flight, for example, based on the time the extended decoder 20 reads the code and the time related to boarding, the authentication information and information evaluated using the related two-dimensional code may be displayed on a display in front of the seat based on the seat information of other passengers (not shown).

In addition, for example, if a participant of an event uses the extended decoder 20 to read the authentication information and related two-dimensional code, and based on the time when the extended decoder 20 reads it and the time related to the event's timetable, if it is determined that the event is before it starts, information regarding preparations for the event may be displayed; if it is determined that the event is occurring during the event, collaboration information to make the event more enjoyable; and if it is determined that the event is after it starts, images from the day of the event and a questionnaire regarding the event may be displayed (not shown).

Furthermore, the passenger may read the aforementioned two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B after boarding. In this case, the content information for each person to be evaluated after boarding may be displayed. The content information displayed may, for example, display different content information for the aforementioned "Mr. Yamada" and "Mr. Suzuki," or refer to an in-flight magazine or a questionnaire regarding customer satisfaction with the flight.

Furthermore, participants may read the aforementioned two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B after the event has been held. In this case, each piece of content information evaluated after the event may be displayed. The displayed content information may be different for each participant based on information for each participant, such as the participants in the event, the location, and the time of the event, or may refer to a survey on customer satisfaction regarding the event.

<Second Application Example>
Next, a second application example will be described with reference to Fig. 17 and Fig. 18. Fig. 17 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the second application example. Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which various information related to the second application example is displayed on a display.

In a second application example, the above-mentioned related two-dimensional code is used to create a system that checks whether, for example, elderly people admitted to an elderly care facility are properly administered medication by the care staff at the facility in accordance with the doctor's prescription.

In this example, an associated two-dimensional code with a chain number of 2 is used. In addition, there are multiple (three) associated two-dimensional codes with sequence number 2. The associated two-dimensional code with sequence number 1 is two-dimensional code A, and the associated two-dimensional codes with sequence number 2 are two-dimensional code B, two-dimensional code B', and two-dimensional code B''.

Two-dimensional code A is affixed to the elderly person's wristband or bedside sign plate. Then, as shown in FIG. 17, the room number, resident's name, age, sex, and blood type (e.g., "Room 101, Mr. XY ZZ, 80 years old, male, type O") are embedded in two-dimensional code A as public information (main information), and the name of the disease (e.g., "diabetes") is embedded in two-dimensional code A as private information.

Two-dimensional code B, two-dimensional code B', and two-dimensional code B" are, for example, affixed to the packaging of the medicine to be administered. Then, as shown in FIG. 17, the room number and administration method (for example, "Room 101, XX drug, 2 tablets after breakfast every day", "Room 101, YY drug, 1 tablet after breakfast every day", "Room 101, ZZ drug, 1 tablet when feeling unwell") are embedded in two-dimensional code B, two-dimensional code B', and two-dimensional code B" as public information (main information), and the date and time of administration (for example, "January XY day, afternoon use") is embedded in two-dimensional code B, two-dimensional code B', and two-dimensional code B" as private information.

The care staff who administers the medicine to the elderly person has, for example, a handheld terminal as the extended decoder 20, and when the handheld terminal is held over the two-dimensional code A and the two-dimensional code B sequentially or simultaneously, the above-mentioned process is executed in the handheld terminal, and an evaluation is made that the two-dimensional code A and the two-dimensional code B are associated with each other. Then, when the evaluation is made, the words "Authentication Successful" are displayed as shown in FIG. 18, and it is verified that "Room 101, XX drug, 2 tablets after breakfast every day" is definitely for "XY ZZ". Therefore, the occurrence of medication errors is reliably avoided. In addition, as shown in FIG. 18, the public information and the private information are displayed on the display, and the person in charge and the patient can check by looking at the display that no problem has occurred.

In addition, the number of packets of medication to be administered simultaneously to the same resident, i.e., the total number of related two-dimensional codes (e.g., a group of two-dimensional codes B) that should be confirmed (authenticated) as related to the two-dimensional code A held by a given resident, may be included in the public or private information of the related two-dimensional codes (e.g., a group of two-dimensional codes B) printed separately on the medication packets, thereby enabling identification and management to prevent medication omissions.

Note that the groups in the group of two-dimensional code A and the group of two-dimensional code B are the same as described above, but the group of two-dimensional code B in the second application example refers to, for example, each collection of related two-dimensional codes in which each element of the related code information relating to the drug to be administered ("sequence number information," "sequence number information," and "index information") has the same value.

The medication to be administered is selected by the care staff, for example, based on the prescription information provided by the doctor, caregiver information, etc., by appropriately (in advance) selecting the medication instruction group to be confirmed. When there are multiple medications to be administered to one resident based on the doctor's diagnosis, etc., a medication instruction group is information regarding the administration of each of the multiple medications. This allows the care staff to confirm the medications to be administered to each resident from the packaging of the multiple medications to be administered.

By performing the same procedure with two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B', it is possible to authenticate that "Room 101, YY medication, one tablet after breakfast every day" is definitely for "XY ZZ." By performing the same procedure with two-dimensional code A and two-dimensional code B'' it is possible to authenticate that "Room 101, ZZ medication, one tablet when feeling unwell" is definitely for "XY ZZ."

<Third Application Example>
Next, a third application example will be described with reference to Fig. 19 and Fig. 20. Fig. 19 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the third application example. Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which various information related to the third application example is displayed on a display.

In a third application example, a system is created using the related two-dimensional code described above to allow the client to confirm that the visiting helper is genuine, for example, in cases where a home care helper visits a client who wishes to receive care at home to provide care (or, for example, other work such as installing or repairing home appliances or plumbing work).

In this example, we use related two-dimensional codes with a chain number of 3. The related two-dimensional code with sequence number 1 is two-dimensional code A, the related two-dimensional code with sequence number 2 is two-dimensional code B, and the related two-dimensional code with sequence number 3 is two-dimensional code C.

Two-dimensional code A is affixed to an ID badge (a badge containing a photograph, the care worker dispatching company undertaking care services (hereinafter referred to as the contractor), and the helper's name) carried by the helper. Then, as shown in FIG. 19, the helper's name (e.g., "XX XX") is embedded in two-dimensional code A as public information (main body of information), and the helper's email address (e.g., "Kaigo@...") is embedded in two-dimensional code A as private information.

When a client makes a reservation with a contracting company, for example for day care service, the contracting company sends a reservation form to the client by email, fax, etc. Two-dimensional code B is attached to the reservation form. Then, as shown in Figure 19, the nursing reservation information (visit date and time, company name, helper name, etc., e.g., "February YY, ZZ Care Service, XY ZZ") is embedded in two-dimensional code B as public information (main information) (note that in this case, private information is not embedded).

Furthermore, when the client makes a reservation for work with the contracting company, the contracting company sends a care instruction sheet to the helper by email, fax, etc. Two-dimensional code C is attached to the care instruction sheet. Then, as shown in FIG. 19, the care reservation information (visit date and time, visit location, care content, etc.; for example, "February YY, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Day Service A") is embedded as public information (main information) into two-dimensional code C (note that in this case, private information is not embedded).

The helper has, for example, a handheld terminal as the extended decoder 20, and holds the handheld terminal over the two-dimensional code A to two-dimensional code C sequentially or simultaneously. Then, the above-mentioned process is executed in the handheld terminal, and an evaluation is made that the two-dimensional code A to two-dimensional code C are associated with each other. Then, when the evaluation is made, the words "authentication completed" are displayed as shown in FIG. 20, and it is verified that the care content requested by the client will be performed by a genuine helper without fail. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the wrong care work from being performed, or the dispatch of a helper who is inappropriate or does not have the appropriate qualifications or skills by an unscrupulous company. In addition, as shown in FIG. 20, public information and private information are displayed on the display, and the helper and the client can check by looking at the display that no problems have occurred.

In addition, by participating in the authentication using the relevant two-dimensional code that the client possesses (i.e., two-dimensional code B), it is possible to prevent fraudulent practices by contractors (such as completing work without receiving confirmation of acceptance). Furthermore, by recording and storing the results of the authentication as history, it can be used as objective information that is effective as evidence for future audits or for verifying any complaints or doubts.

(Effectiveness of the two-dimensional code generation method according to the present embodiment)
As described above, the two-dimensional code generation method generates a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other, and the method includes a step of generating a private data code word, a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word, a step of generating a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word, and a step of generating a related two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block, and the method generates each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes by executing the steps a plurality of times. When the private data code word is generated in each of the generating steps, the private data code word includes authentication information that identifies a target person, either a passenger of a means of transportation, a participant of an event, or a person in charge of a service, or target information that identifies content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related code information that enables identification that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other.

In addition, the extended encoder 10 (two-dimensional code generation system) according to this embodiment is a two-dimensional code generation system that generates a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other, and generates each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes by performing a generation process multiple times, which includes obtaining a private data code word, obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word, obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word, and generating the related two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block, and when obtaining the private data code word in each of the generation processes, the private data code word is included in the private data code word to include authentication information that identifies a target person, either a passenger in a means of transportation, a participant in an event, or a service staff member, or target information that identifies content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related two-dimensional code information that enables it to be identified that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other.

The two-dimensional code evaluation method according to the present embodiment is a two-dimensional code evaluation method that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the above-mentioned two-dimensional code generation method and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, and is characterized by having an extraction step of performing a related code information extraction process for each of the plurality of read related two-dimensional codes, which obtains the replaced code block from the related two-dimensional codes, extracts the private data code word from the replaced code block, and extracts, from the private data code word, authentication information that identifies a target person, either a passenger of a means of transportation, a participant of an event, or a service staff member, or target information that identifies content to be provided based on the authentication information and the related code information; and an evaluation step of evaluating whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the related code information obtained from each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes.

In addition, the extended decoder 20 (two-dimensional code evaluation system) according to this embodiment is an extended decoder 20 (two-dimensional code evaluation system) that reads multiple related two-dimensional codes generated by the extended encoder 10 (two-dimensional code generation system) described above and evaluates whether the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, and performs a related code information extraction process for each of the multiple read related two-dimensional codes to obtain the replaced code block from the related two-dimensional codes, extract the private data code word from the replaced code block, and extract from the private data code word authentication information identifying a target person, such as a passenger in a means of transportation, a participant in an event, or a service staff member, or target information identifying content to be provided based on the authentication information and the related code information, and evaluates whether the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the related code information obtained from each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes.

In addition, the extended management system (two-dimensional code management system) according to this embodiment is an extended encoder 10 (two-dimensional code generation system) that generates a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other, and generates each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes by executing a generation process multiple times, which includes obtaining a private data code word, obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word, obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word, and generating a related two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block, and in each of the generation processes, when obtaining the private data code word to be printed on the passenger's boarding pass or the in-flight magazine, authentication information or target information and related code information for enabling identification that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other are stored in the private data code. and an extended decoder 20 (two-dimensional code evaluation system) that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the extended encoder 10 (two-dimensional code generation system) and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, the extended decoder 20 (two-dimensional code evaluation system) obtaining the replaced code block from the related two-dimensional codes, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and executing a related code information extraction process for extracting the authentication information or the target information and the related code information from the private data code word for each of the plurality of read related two-dimensional codes, and evaluating whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the related code information obtained from each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes.

Therefore, it is possible to properly ensure authenticity when managing objects using two-dimensional codes by using technology related to related two-dimensional codes.

Related two-dimensional codes, such as structurally linked two-dimensional codes defined in Chapter 9 of the JIS standard, are already well known, and technologies using these codes have been proposed. However, until now, there has been no implementation of evaluating (confirming, judging) whether multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other to ensure (authenticate) the authenticity of the objects managed by the related two-dimensional codes (such as the person who owns the related two-dimensional code or the object to which the related two-dimensional code is attached).

Furthermore, if one were to attempt to implement such matters using a standard related two-dimensional code such as a structurally linked two-dimensional code, the following problems may arise:

In other words, when a structurally linked two-dimensional code (associated two-dimensional code) is read by a standard decoder, the standard decoder is able to understand that this two-dimensional code is a structurally linked two-dimensional code (associated two-dimensional code) and displays this fact (for example, a message such as "Please read the next two-dimensional code"). Therefore, an operator operating the standard decoder can easily recognize that this two-dimensional code is not a normal two-dimensional code but a structurally linked two-dimensional code (associated two-dimensional code).

If the operator is an unscrupulous business operator, this recognition act can be an opportunity for the business operator to take advantage of the operator. For example, the business operator can analyze the read structurally linked two-dimensional code (associated two-dimensional code) and forge other structurally linked two-dimensional codes (associated two-dimensional codes) associated with the structurally linked two-dimensional code (associated two-dimensional code). This creates the possibility of using the other forged structurally linked two-dimensional codes (associated two-dimensional codes) to commit fraud.

In contrast, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned items are performed using a unique related two-dimensional code rather than a standard related two-dimensional code, and in the unique related two-dimensional code, authentication information and related code information are included in a private data code word. Since a standard decoder cannot extract related code information from a private data code word, even if a standard decoder attempts to read the two-dimensional code of this embodiment, it will only understand it as a normal two-dimensional code and will not be able to understand that it is a related two-dimensional code in the first place. Therefore, an operator who operates the standard decoder will not be able to recognize that this two-dimensional code is not a normal two-dimensional code but a related two-dimensional code. Therefore, even if the operator is an unscrupulous business operator, the business operator will not come up with the idea of committing the above-mentioned counterfeiting.

Thus, according to the two-dimensional code generation method, extended encoder 10 (two-dimensional code generation system), two-dimensional code evaluation method, extended decoder 20 (two-dimensional code evaluation system), and extended management system (two-dimensional code management system) of this embodiment, when managing objects with two-dimensional codes, authenticity can be more reliably guaranteed by using technology related to the related two-dimensional codes.

In addition, in this embodiment, the related code information has identification information indicating whether the two-dimensional code is a related two-dimensional code, chain number information indicating the chain number of multiple related two-dimensional codes associated with each other, sequence number information indicating what number of related two-dimensional codes the related two-dimensional code having the related code information is among the number of related two-dimensional codes with the chain number, and index information for determining whether the related two-dimensional code having the related code information is associated with another related two-dimensional code having a different sequence number from the related two-dimensional code.

In addition, in the evaluation process, it is confirmed that each of the two-dimensional codes is a related two-dimensional code based on the identification information, it is confirmed that the sequence numbers that are different from each other for the number of chains are collected based on the chain number information and the sequence number information obtained from each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes, and it is evaluated that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other when it is confirmed that the related two-dimensional codes having the different sequence numbers for the number of chains are related based on the index information.

In this way, in this embodiment, the identification information, chain number information, sequence number information, and index information are included in the private data code word. In other words, since the information essential for forgery is concealed, it becomes even more difficult for a third party to forge unless they know this concealed information. Therefore, in this embodiment, authenticity can be guaranteed even more reliably.

In addition, in this embodiment, a display process is provided for displaying the fact that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other when it is evaluated that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other.

Therefore, it is possible to evaluate (confirm) that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, and to clearly inform the operator of the extended decoder 20, etc., that the authenticity of the items managed by the related two-dimensional codes has been guaranteed (authenticated).

In addition, in this embodiment, the extraction process includes extracting the public data code word from the replaced code block using the error correction code word, and executing a public information extraction process for extracting public information from the public data code word for each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes that have been read, and a display process for displaying each of the public information when it is determined that the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other.

Therefore, the operator of the extended decoder 20, etc. can know from the display of public information that it has been evaluated (confirmed) that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other and that the authenticity of the objects managed by the related two-dimensional codes has been guaranteed (certified), and further, additional information embedded in each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes (for example, in the first application example mentioned above, the medical department, patient name, age, gender, blood type, and medication name) can be presented together to the operator of the extended decoder 20, etc.

In addition, in this embodiment, in the extraction process, a non-public information extraction process for extracting non-public information from the non-public data code word is executed for each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes that have been read, and in the display process, each piece of non-public information is displayed.

Therefore, the operator of the extended decoder 20, etc. can know by the display of non-public information that it has been evaluated (confirmed) that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other and that the authenticity of the object managed by the related two-dimensional codes has been guaranteed (certified), and further, additional information embedded in each of the multiple related two-dimensional codes (for example, in the first application example mentioned above, disease name, administration, etc.) can be presented together to the operator of the extended decoder 20, etc.

In addition, in this embodiment, in the display process, each piece of public information is displayed in the order of the sequential number, and each piece of private information is displayed in the order of the sequential number.

This makes it possible to display public and private information in the desired order, without being affected by the order in which the related two-dimensional codes are read.

In addition, in this embodiment, when it is evaluated that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, referenceable information is displayed depending on the result of authentication based on the authentication information contained in the associated two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other.

Therefore, it is possible to evaluate (confirm) that multiple related two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, and with the authenticity of the objects managed by the related two-dimensional codes guaranteed (authenticated), it is possible to refer to information according to the evaluation of the authentication information. Depending on the authentication information and various information contained in the multiple related two-dimensional codes, it is possible to provide information that is differentiated or separated for targets and objects, making it possible to refer to information that is finely limited according to target, date, time, location, etc., as well as a wide range of targets (non-members) all at once.

(Other embodiments)
The above-mentioned embodiment is for the purpose of making the present invention easier to understand, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be modified or improved without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the present invention includes equivalents. In particular, the following embodiment is also included in the present invention.

In the above embodiment, the two-dimensional code has been described as an example of the two-dimensional code, but the two-dimensional code is not limited to this, and other two-dimensional codes may be used. Examples of the other two-dimensional codes include:
DataMatrix (ISO/IEC16022:2006, JIS X-0512:2015) and PDF417 (ISO/IEC15438:2006, JIS X-0508:2010)
can be cited as an example.

Furthermore, the standards for two-dimensional codes are regulated by, for example, the JIS standard in Japan and the ISO standard internationally.
JIS X 0510:2004 Two-dimensional code symbol - QR Code (registered trademark) -, ISO/IEC 18004:2000, Information Technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Bar code symbology - QR Code
etc. are known.

Also, in DataMatrix code, for example,
JIS X 0512:2015 Information technology-Automatic identification and data capture techniques-Bar code symbol system specification-Data Matrix, ISO/IEC 16022:2006, Information technology-Automatic identification and data capture techniques-Data Matrix bar code symbol system specification
etc. are known.

Also, in PDF417 code, for example,
JIS X 0508:2010 Barcode symbol system specification-PDF417, ISO/IEC 15438:2006, Information technology-Automatic identification and data capture techniques-PDF417 bar code symbol specification
etc. are known.

In the above embodiment, the 2D code generation system is described taking as an example an extended encoder 10 such as a handheld terminal equipped with a control unit 11, a display device 13, a printer 14, and an input device 15, but is not limited to this. For example, the system may be composed of a server provided at a remote location that executes the generation process, and a terminal that exchanges data with the server and is equipped with a display device 13, a printer 14, and an input device 15.

In the above embodiment, the 2D code evaluation system has been described taking as an example an extended decoder 20 such as a handheld terminal equipped with a control unit 21, an imaging device 22, a display device 23, a printing device 24, and an input device 25, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the system may be composed of a server provided at a remote location that executes the evaluation process, and a terminal that exchanges data with the server and is equipped with the imaging device 22, the display device 23, the printing device 24, and the input device 25. The printing device 24 may not be present.

In addition, the two-dimensional code generation system (two-dimensional code evaluation system) may be a dedicated terminal, or it may be a general-purpose terminal such as a PC, smartphone, or mobile phone that has software (application) built in to execute the generation (evaluation) process.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the information (public information and private information) was described as being in plain text, but it may also be encrypted (ciphertext).

In the above embodiment, a common password is used as the index information for multiple related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other, but this is not limited to this. For example, parity data such as that specified in Chapter 9.3 of the JIS standard may be used.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the generation of two-dimensional codes, related two-dimensional codes, etc. can be achieved by, for example, constructing multiple codes based on the structural concatenation defined in the above-mentioned standard, thereby enabling authentication by combination. Note that the method of authentication by combination of multiple codes is not limited to this.

In addition, in the above embodiments, any of the targets, be it passengers of a means of transportation, participants of an event, or personnel in charge of a service, may be multiple people (passengers of a group, participants of a group, or multiple people working together, etc.), in which case common authentication information is given to each group or group. In this case, for example, a number of people is set for each group or group, and simultaneous reference to and access to content (e.g., private information) may be permitted up to an upper limit set by that number.

In addition, when the index information is the password and at least one of the public information and the private information is a ciphertext (the following description will be given taking the public information as a ciphertext as an example), the following may be done. That is, the password may be used as index (heading) information for identifying the encryption key of the ciphertext. For example, for each of a plurality of types of passwords, a pair of keys corresponding to the password (in the case of a public key encryption method, a public key used by the extended encoder 10 to encrypt the public information and a private key used by the extended decoder 20 to decrypt the public information) is determined in advance. Then, when a certain password (for example, AF in FIG. 4) is used, the extended encoder 10 encrypts the public information with the public key corresponding to the password (AF). In addition, the extended decoder 20 extracts the related code information (password (AF) which is index information) from the private data code word, selects (identifies) a private key corresponding to the password (AF), and decrypts the public information with the private key.

In the above embodiment, only confirmation is made as to whether the index information (password) of the related two-dimensional codes for the number of chains matches. Although such confirmation alone is sufficient, if such a password and key are made to correspond to each other, security can be further improved. In other words, if the index information of the related two-dimensional codes for the number of chains matches with a password other than AF (say BG) (by chance due to tampering, etc.), the private key corresponding to BG is selected, making it impossible to decrypt the public information, so that it is clear that the situation is not normal. Therefore, in this embodiment, not only is it required that the index information (password) of the related two-dimensional codes for the number of chains matches, but it is also required that the index information (password) of the related two-dimensional codes for the number of chains matches with AF. Therefore, security can be further improved.

A similar technique may be used to add an electronic signature. That is, the password is used as index (heading) information for identifying the encryption key of the ciphertext, and a pair of keys corresponding to each of the multiple types of passwords (a private key used by the extended encoder 10 to encrypt the hash value of the information (e.g., TOKYO<cr>MINATO<cr>JP in FIG. 7) and create an electronic signature, and a public key used by the extended decoder 20 to decrypt the electronic signature and create a hash value) is determined in advance. Then, when a certain password (e.g., AF in FIG. 4) is used, the extended encoder 10 creates an electronic signature with the private key corresponding to the password (AF). The created electronic signature is included in the public information or private information in Fig. 3, for example (in the case of public information, TOKYO<cr><MINATO<cr>JPN and the electronic signature are public information). The extended decoder 20 also extracts the related code information (password (AF) which is index information) from the private data code word, selects (specifies) a public key corresponding to the password (AF), and creates a hash value from the electronic signature using this public key. It also creates a hash value from information (for example, TOKYO<cr>MINATO<cr>JPN in Fig. 7) and compares the two hash values (verifies whether the hash values match).

If (by chance due to tampering, etc.) a password other than AF (say BG) matches the index information of the related two-dimensional codes for the number of chains, the public key corresponding to BG will be selected, and the hash value created from the electronic signature using that public key will not match the hash value created from the information (for example, TOKYO<cr>MINATO<cr>JPN in Figure 7), indicating that something is not normal. Therefore, in this form, not only is it required that the index information (passwords) for the related two-dimensional codes for the number of chains match, but the index information (passwords) for the related two-dimensional codes for the number of chains match in AF. This makes it possible to further improve security.

In addition, the code block (RS block) may be protected by coding using the technique disclosed in JP 2017-91039 A. Such protection coding provides a higher degree of confidentiality to the private data code word containing the associated code information.

1: 2D code symbol 10: Extended encoder 11: Control unit 11a: Calculation unit 11b: Memory unit 13: Display device 14: Printing device 15: Input device 20: Extended decoder 21: Control unit 21a: Calculation unit 21b: Memory unit 22: Imaging device 23: Display device 24: Printing device 25: Input device

Claims (14)

A two-dimensional code generation method for generating a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other, comprising the steps of:
a generation step of: obtaining a private data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word, the public data code word including at least information on any one of a passenger of a means of transportation, a participant of an event, or a person in charge of a service; obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word; and generating an associated two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block, the generation step being performed a plurality of times to generate each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes;
a two-dimensional code generating method comprising the steps of: when determining the private data code word in each of the generating steps, including in the private data code word authentication information for identifying the target person, target information for identifying the content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related code information for enabling identification that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other. 2. The two-dimensional code generating method according to claim 1,
The related code information is
Identification information indicating whether the two-dimensional code is an associated two-dimensional code;
Chain number information indicating the number of chains of a plurality of associated two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other;
sequence number information indicating the ordinal number of the associated two-dimensional code having the associated code information among the number of the associated two-dimensional codes;
index information for determining whether the associated two-dimensional code having the associated code information is associated with another associated two-dimensional code having a different sequence number from the associated two-dimensional code;
A two-dimensional code generating method comprising the steps of: A two-dimensional code generation system for generating a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other, comprising:
generating each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes by performing a generating step a plurality of times, the generating step including: obtaining a secret data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word; obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the secret data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the secret data code word; and generating the associated two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block;
A two-dimensional code generation system characterized in that, when obtaining the private data code word in each of the generation processes, the private data code word includes authentication information that identifies a target person or target information that identifies content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related two-dimensional code information that enables identification that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other. A two-dimensional code evaluation method for reading a plurality of associated two-dimensional codes generated by the two-dimensional code generation method according to claim 1 and evaluating whether the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, comprising the steps of:
an extraction step of executing a related code information extraction process for each of the plurality of read related two-dimensional codes, the related code information extraction process being for obtaining the replaced code block from the related two-dimensional code, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and extracting, from the private data code word, authentication information for identifying the target person or target information for identifying content to be provided based on the authentication information and the related code information;
an evaluation step of evaluating whether the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the associated code information acquired from each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes;
A two-dimensional code evaluation method comprising the steps of: The two-dimensional code evaluation method according to claim 4,
The related code information is
Identification information indicating whether the two-dimensional code is an associated two-dimensional code;
Chain number information indicating the number of chains of a plurality of associated two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other;
sequence number information indicating the ordinal number of the associated two-dimensional code having the associated code information among the number of the associated two-dimensional codes;
and index information for determining whether the associated two-dimensional code having the associated code information is associated with another associated two-dimensional code having a different sequence number from the associated two-dimensional code;
In the evaluation step,
a two-dimensional code evaluation method comprising: determining, based on the identification information, that each of the two-dimensional codes is an associated two-dimensional code; determining, based on the chain number information and the sequence number information acquired from each of the associated two-dimensional codes, that the sequence numbers which are different from each other for the number of chains are complete; and determining, based on the index information, that the associated two-dimensional codes having the sequence numbers which are different from each other for the number of chains are associated, and evaluating the associated two-dimensional codes as being associated with each other. The two-dimensional code evaluation method according to claim 5,
a display step of displaying, when it is evaluated that the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other, a message indicating that the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other. The two-dimensional code evaluation method according to claim 5,
a display step of displaying information that can be referenced based on the authentication information when it is evaluated that the authentication information included in the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes is associated with each other. The two-dimensional code evaluation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
In the extracting step, the public data code word is extracted from the replaced code block by using the error-correcting code word, and a public information extracting process is executed for each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes that have been read, in which public information is extracted from the public data code word;
a display step of displaying the public information of each of the associated two-dimensional codes when the associated two-dimensional codes are evaluated to be associated with each other. The two-dimensional code evaluation method according to claim 8,
In the extracting step, a secret information extracting process for extracting secret information from the secret data code word is executed for each of the plurality of related two-dimensional codes that have been read;
In the display step, each piece of non-public information is displayed. The two-dimensional code evaluation method according to claim 9,
wherein in the display step, each of the public information is displayed in order of the sequence number, and each of the private information is displayed in order of the sequence number. A two-dimensional code evaluation system that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the two-dimensional code generation system according to claim 3 and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other, comprising:
obtaining the replaced code block from the related two-dimensional code, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and executing a related code information extraction process for each of the plurality of read related two-dimensional codes to extract, from the private data code word, authentication information for identifying the target person or target information for identifying content to be provided based on the authentication information and related code information;
and evaluating whether the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other based on the authentication information or the target information acquired from each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes and the associated code information. A two-dimensional code management system that generates a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other,
generating each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes by performing a generating step a plurality of times, the steps being to obtain a private data code word, to obtain a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word including at least information on a passenger of a means of transportation, to obtain a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word, and to generate the associated two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block;
a two-dimensional code generation system that, when obtaining the private data code word in each of the generation steps, includes in the private data code word authentication information that identifies the passenger or target information that identifies the content to be provided based on the authentication information, and associated code information that enables identification that the multiple associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other;
A two-dimensional code evaluation system that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the two-dimensional code generation system and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other,
determining the replaced code block from the associated two-dimensional code, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and executing a related code information extraction process for extracting the authentication information or the target information and the related code information from the private data code word for each of the plurality of read associated two-dimensional codes;
a two-dimensional code evaluation system that evaluates whether the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the associated code information acquired from each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes;
A two-dimensional code management system comprising: A two-dimensional code management system that generates a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other,
generating each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes by performing a generating step a plurality of times, the generating step including: obtaining a private data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word including at least information on the participants of the event; obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word; and generating the associated two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block;
a two-dimensional code generating system that, when obtaining the private data code word in each of the generating steps, includes in the private data code word authentication information that identifies the participant or target information that identifies the content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related code information that enables identification that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other;
A two-dimensional code evaluation system that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the two-dimensional code generation system and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other,
determining the replaced code block from the associated two-dimensional code, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and executing a related code information extraction process for extracting the authentication information or the target information and the related code information from the private data code word for each of the plurality of read associated two-dimensional codes;
a two-dimensional code evaluation system that evaluates whether the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the associated code information acquired from each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes;
A two-dimensional code management system comprising: A two-dimensional code management system that generates a plurality of related two-dimensional codes that are associated with each other,
a generation step of: obtaining a private data code word; obtaining a pre-substitution code block having a public data code word and an error correction code word including at least information about a service representative; obtaining a post-substitution code block in which the private data code word is concealed by replacing a part of the pre-substitution code block with the private data code word; and generating the associated two-dimensional code based on the post-substitution code block, the generation step being performed a plurality of times to generate each of the associated two-dimensional codes;
a two-dimensional code generation system that, when obtaining the private data code word in each of the generation steps, includes in the private data code word authentication information that identifies the person in charge or target information that identifies the content to be provided based on the authentication information, and related code information that enables identification that the multiple related two-dimensional codes are related to each other;
A two-dimensional code evaluation system that reads a plurality of related two-dimensional codes generated by the two-dimensional code generation system and evaluates whether the plurality of related two-dimensional codes are related to each other,
determining the replaced code block from the associated two-dimensional code, extracting the private data code word from the replaced code block, and executing a related code information extraction process for extracting the authentication information or the target information and the related code information from the private data code word for each of the plurality of read associated two-dimensional codes;
a two-dimensional code evaluation system that evaluates whether the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes are associated with each other based on the authentication information or the target information and the associated code information acquired from each of the plurality of associated two-dimensional codes;
A two-dimensional code management system comprising:

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