JP7399393B2 - Dialysis system and preheating device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a dialysis system and a preheating device for heating liquid supplied to a dialysis machine.

In a dialysis machine, blood drawn from a patient is opposed to a dialysate via a semipermeable membrane or the like to remove waste products, and then returned to the patient's body. Here, the blood returned to the patient's body after waste products and the like are removed needs to have a temperature approximately equal to the patient's body temperature. For this reason, devices are known that suitably heat and adjust the temperature of dialysate or supply water inside and outside the dialysis machine.

For example, the feed water heating device described in Patent Document 1 has a primary side water-refrigerant heat exchanger and a secondary side water-refrigerant heat exchanger so as to heat the feed water supplied toward the dialysis machine. It is equipped with a heat pump and a heat pump. The primary side water-refrigerant heat exchanger recovers heat from the dialysis effluent by heat exchange between the first refrigerant, which is a gas at normal temperature and pressure, and the dialysis effluent discharged from the dialysis apparatus. The secondary water-refrigerant heat exchanger heats the feed water by exchanging heat with the second refrigerant, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure. The primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heat pump is connected to the primary water-refrigerant heat exchanger via primary refrigerant piping. The secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heat pump is connected to the secondary water-refrigerant heat exchanger via secondary refrigerant piping.

The dialysis machine is equipped with a dialysis monitoring device. The dialysate is heated by a dialysis monitoring device to the same temperature as the patient's body temperature, used for dialysis treatment, and then discharged as dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid is once collected in a drainage tank and then discharged to a drainage channel. The dialysis effluent is supplied to the primary water-refrigerant heat exchanger via the effluent flow path, and heat is recovered by heat exchange.

JP2014-204944A

However, since the dialysis effluent is a liquid that has been used in dialysis treatment, it may be contaminated. Therefore, there was a possibility that the primary side water-refrigerant heat exchanger would be contaminated by the components contained in the dialysis effluent.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a dialysis system and preheating device that reduces the possibility of contamination of the equipment.

The dialysis system according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a heat pump section, a first heat exchanger that heats raw water, and the raw water heated by the first heat exchanger is supplied, and impurities are removed from the raw water. an RO device that generates RO water with a low concentration of impurities and concentrated water with a higher concentration of impurities than the RO water; a dialysis device that performs dialysis using the RO water generated by the RO device; a second heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between water and a second heat medium and heats the second heat medium ; and a second heat exchanger that is provided in the RO device and is supplied to the RO device via the first heat exchanger. an RO raw water tank that stores the raw water, a raw water supply channel that is a channel that supplies the raw water to the RO device, and an adjustment section that is provided in the raw water supply channel and can adjust the flow rate of the raw water. a first flow rate control means that controls the adjustment unit and supplies the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a first flow rate for a predetermined time from the start of supply of the RO water to the dialysis machine; and the adjustment unit and a second flow rate control means for supplying the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a second flow rate when the predetermined time has elapsed; The first heat medium is heated by using the heat from the second heat medium heated by heat exchange with the concentrated water, and the first heat exchanger heats the second heat medium heated by the heat pump section. Heat exchange is performed between a first heat medium and the raw water to heat the raw water, and the first flow rate is smaller than the second flow rate . In this case, concentrated water is supplied to the second heat exchanger. The heat recovered in the second heat exchanger is used to heat the raw water via the second heat exchanger, the heat pump section, and the first exchanger. Since concentrated water is not used for dialysis, it is cleaner than dialysis wastewater, which is the wastewater after dialysis. Therefore, the possibility that the second heat exchanger will be contaminated can be reduced compared to the case where the dialysis waste fluid is supplied to the second heat exchanger.

In addition, since the first flow rate is smaller than the second flow rate, even if the supply of RO water to the dialysis machine is stopped before the predetermined time has elapsed, the possibility that the RO raw water tank becomes full is reduced. can. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the RO raw water tank becomes full of water and the supply of raw water to the RO raw water tank is stopped before the predetermined time elapses. Therefore, there is a high possibility that heat exchange by the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the heat pump section will continue for at least a predetermined period of time. Therefore, the number of times heat exchange is turned on and off can be reduced compared to the case where heat exchange is stopped and then restarted for a shorter time than the predetermined time. Therefore, the number of times the heat pump section is driven and stopped is reduced, and the possibility of problems caused by hunting can be reduced. Hunting refers to a reduction in the lifespan of equipment due to an increase in the number of times the equipment is started and stopped.

The dialysis system may include an ultrasonic oscillator that removes foreign substances in the second heat exchanger using ultrasonic waves. In this case, since the foreign matter can be removed by ultrasonic waves, the possibility that the flow path in the second heat exchanger will be clogged can be reduced.

A preheating device according to a second aspect of the present invention is supplied with heated raw water and generates RO water having a lower concentration of impurities than the raw water and concentrated water having a higher concentration of impurities than the RO water. a dialysis device that performs dialysis using the RO water generated by the RO device , and a first heat exchanger that is provided in the RO device and heats the raw water supplied to the RO device. an RO raw water tank that stores the raw water supplied to the RO device; a raw water supply flow path that is a flow path that supplies the raw water to the RO device; an adjustment unit that can adjust the adjustment unit; and a first flow rate control that controls the adjustment unit and supplies the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a first flow rate for a predetermined time from the start of supply of the RO water to the dialysis machine. and second flow rate control means for controlling the adjustment unit and supplying the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a second flow rate when the predetermined time period has elapsed. and a heat pump section, the first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the concentrated water and the second heat medium and heats the second heat medium, The heat pump section heats the first heat medium using heat from the second heat medium heated by heat exchange with the concentrated water in the second heat exchanger, and heats the first heat medium. The vessel heats the raw water by exchanging heat between the first heat medium heated by the heat pump section and the raw water , and the first flow rate is smaller than the second flow rate . In this case, the possibility that the second heat exchanger will be contaminated can be reduced compared to the case where the dialysis waste fluid is supplied to the second heat exchanger. Moreover, since the first flow rate is smaller than the second flow rate, even if the supply of RO water to the dialysis apparatus is stopped before the predetermined time has elapsed, the possibility that the RO raw water tank becomes full can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the RO raw water tank becomes full of water and the supply of raw water to the RO raw water tank is stopped before the predetermined time elapses. Therefore, there is a high possibility that heat exchange by the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the heat pump section will continue for at least a predetermined period of time. Therefore, the number of times heat exchange is turned on and off can be reduced compared to the case where heat exchange is stopped and then restarted for a shorter time than the predetermined time. Therefore, the number of times the heat pump section is driven and stopped is reduced, and the possibility of problems caused by hunting can be reduced.

It is a block diagram showing the schematic structure of dialysis system 1A. 1 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of a preheating device 10. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of the RO device 11. FIG. It is a flowchart of RO apparatus processing. It is a flowchart of first main processing. It is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of dialysis system 1B concerning a modification. It is a block diagram showing the schematic structure of dialysis system 1C concerning a modification. It is a flowchart of a second main process.

Hereinafter, a dialysis system 1A embodying the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the dialysis system 1A includes a preheating device 10, an RO device 11, a dialysis device 12, and a raw water tank 13. Note that RO is an abbreviation for Reverse Osmosis.

The preheating device 10 includes a first heat exchanger 36, a second heat exchanger 37, and a heat pump section 35. The RO device 11 is connected to the dialysis device 12 via a flow path 134. In this embodiment, the dialysis apparatus 12 is a multi-person dialysis apparatus equipped with a large number of dialysis monitoring devices (not shown), and uses RO water 76 (described later) received from the RO apparatus 11 via the flow path 134. The dialysate is prepared (manufactured) and sent to each dialysis monitoring device, and each dialysis monitoring device adjusts the temperature of the dialysate to perform dialysis treatment.

The raw water tank 13 stores raw water 71. The raw water 71 is, for example, tap water. The raw water tank 13 is connected to the first heat exchanger 36 of the preheating device 10 via a raw water supply channel 511. The raw water supply channel 511 is provided with a raw water supply pump 580 and a flow rate sensor 541. The raw water supply pump 580 is placed outside the preheating device 10, and the flow rate sensor 541 is placed inside the preheating device 10. The first heat exchanger 36 of the preheating device 10 is connected to the RO raw water tank 123 of the RO device 11 via the raw water supply channel 512. The preheating device 10 is configured to heat raw water 71 using heat of concentrated water 75 (described later) supplied via a flow path 513.

This will be explained in more detail. The heat pump section 35 includes a primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351, a secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 352, a compressor 353, an expansion valve 354, and an intermediate refrigerant pipe 355. The intermediate refrigerant pipe 355 is a circulation pipe through which a refrigerant 356 flows.

The compressor 353 and the expansion valve 354 are interposed in an intermediate refrigerant pipe 355. The compressor 353 is provided to compress the refrigerant 356 that has been vaporized (evaporated) through the primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351 and send it toward the secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 352. The expansion valve 354 is provided to expand the refrigerant 356 condensed through the secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 352. The refrigerant 356 is a gaseous refrigerant at normal temperature and pressure, and is, for example, R410A.

The second heat exchanger 37 is connected to the RO device 11 via a flow path 513. A flow rate sensor 641 is provided in the flow path 513 inside the preheating device 10 . One end of each of the flow path 514 and the flow path 515 is connected to the second heat exchanger 37, and the other end is connected to the primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351. One end of each of the flow path 516 and the flow path 517 is connected to the first heat exchanger 36, and the other end is connected to the secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 352.

A first pump 581 is provided in the flow path 517 . A second pump 582 is provided in the flow path 515 . The first pump 581 is driven by the CPU 601 (see FIG. 2) and causes the first heat medium 73 to flow. The first heat medium 73 circulates through the flow path 517, the first heat exchanger 36, the flow path 516, the secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 352, and the flow path 516 in this order.

The second pump 582 is driven by the CPU 601 and causes the second heat medium 74 to flow. The second heat medium 74 circulates through the flow path 515, the second heat exchanger 37, the flow path 514, the primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351, and the flow path 515 in this order.

The second heat exchanger 37 performs heat exchange between concentrated water 75 (described later) supplied from the flow path 513 and the second heat medium 74. As a result, heat is recovered from the concentrated water 75 and the first heat medium 73 is heated. The second heat exchanger 37 is, for example, a shell and tube heat exchanger, an immersion heat exchanger, or a plate heat exchanger. Concentrated water 75 after heat exchange is discharged to the outside of preheating device 10 via flow path 515. The primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351 exchanges heat between the second heat medium 74 supplied via the flow path 514 and the refrigerant 356 flowing through the intermediate refrigerant pipe 355.

The secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 352 exchanges heat between the first heat medium 73 supplied via the flow path 516 and the refrigerant 356, and heats the first heat medium 73. The first heat exchanger 36 heats the raw water 71 by exchanging heat between the first heat medium 73 supplied from the flow path 517 and the raw water 71 supplied via the flow path 513 . The heated raw water 71 flows out into the raw water supply channel 512. As described above, the heat of the concentrated water 75 is recovered in the second heat exchanger 37, and the raw water 71 is heated via the heat pump section 35 and the first heat exchanger 36.

The RO device 11 includes an RO raw water tank 123, a pump 124, and an RO module 125. The raw water supply channel 512 is connected to the RO raw water tank 123. The RO raw water tank 123 is connected to the RO module 125 via a flow path 133. A flow path 134 is connected to the RO module 125. The flow path 134 is connected to the flow path 513 and the flow path 518 at a connecting portion 145 . The flow path 518 is connected to the flow path 133 at a connecting portion 139 . The flow path 513 extends outside the RO device 11 and is connected to the first heat exchanger 36 . The flow paths 134 and 513 are flow paths that supply concentrated water 75 generated by the RO module 125 to the heat pump section 35.

A pump 124 is provided in the flow path 133. An automatic valve 142 is provided in the flow path 135. An automatic valve 143 is provided in the flow path 513. The pump 124 and automatic valves 142 and 143 are provided inside the RO device 11.

A flow path 134 is connected to the RO module 125. The flow path 134 extends outside the RO device 11 and is connected to the dialysis device 12 . The flow path 134 is a flow path that supplies the RO water 76 generated by the RO module 125 to the dialysis apparatus 12 side. A drainage channel 141 is connected to the dialysis device 12 .

The RO module 125 performs various water treatments on the raw water 71 supplied through the flow path 133, and produces RO water 76 with a lower concentration of impurities than the raw water 71 and concentrated water with a higher concentration of impurities than the raw water 71. 75. Various water treatments include, for example, removing hardness components and hypochlorous acid using a pre-filter and activated carbon filter, and generating concentrated water 75 and RO water 76 through reverse osmosis treatment.

The operation of the dialysis system 1A will be explained. Assume that the temperature of the raw water 71 stored in the raw water tank 13 is 17° C., for example. Raw water 71 flows through raw water supply channel 511 and is supplied to first heat exchanger 36 . The first heat exchanger 36 heats the raw water 71 by heat exchange. As a result, the raw water 71 is heated to, for example, 25°C. The heated raw water 71 is supplied to the RO raw water tank 123 of the RO device 11 via the raw water supply channel 512 and stored therein.

Raw water 71 stored in the RO raw water tank 123 is supplied to the RO module 125 by the pump 124. RO module 125 generates RO water 76 and concentrated water 75 from raw water 71 . The ratio of the amounts of the generated RO water 76 and concentrated water 75 is, for example, 1:2. Note that the RO module 125 may include a warmer and generate the RO water 76 and concentrated water 75 after heating the raw water 71. In this case, for example, the raw water 71 is heated to 25°C to 30°C. Note that the RO module 125 may include an electric heater.

RO water 76 is supplied to dialysis machine 12 via flow path 134 . In the dialysis device 12, a dialysate is prepared by mixing the supplied RO water 76 and a dialysate stock solution, and the prepared dialysate is sent to each of the above-mentioned dialysis monitoring devices. Then, in each dialysis monitoring device, the dialysate is heated to approximately the same temperature as the patient's body temperature by, for example, an electric heater, and used for dialysis treatment. The dialysate used for dialysis treatment is discharged from each dialysis monitoring device as a dialysis drainage fluid 78 via a drainage channel 141. Note that the dialysis waste fluid 78 may be once collected in a collection tank (not shown) via the drainage flow path 141 and then discharged from the drainage flow path (not shown).

Concentrated water 75 flowing through the flow path 134 is divided into a flow path 513 and a flow path 518 at the connection portion 145 . Concentrated water 75 flowing through flow path 518 joins raw water 71 at connection portion 139 and is supplied to RO module 125 .

Concentrated water 75 flowing through channel 513 is supplied to second heat exchanger 37 . The second heat exchanger 37 exchanges heat between the concentrated water 75 and the second heat medium 74 to heat the second heat medium 74. The heated second heat medium 74 is supplied to the primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351 of the heat pump section 35 by the second pump 582. The heat pump section 35 recovers heat from the second heat medium 74. The heat pump section 35 uses the heat recovered from the second heat medium 74 to heat the first heat medium 73 in the secondary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 352.

The first heat medium 73 is supplied to the first heat exchanger 36 by the first pump 581. The first heat exchanger 36 exchanges heat between the first heat medium 73 and the raw water 71 to heat the raw water 71. Concentrated water 75 is discharged from preheating device 10 from second heat exchanger 37 via flow path 515 .

With reference to FIG. 2, the electrical configuration of the preheating device 10 of the dialysis system 1A will be described. Inside the preheating device 10, a CPU 601, a ROM 602, a RAM 603, a heat pump section 35, a first pump 581, a second pump 582, a flow rate sensor 541, a flow rate sensor 641, and an ultrasonic oscillator 98 are provided.

The CPU 601 controls the preheating device 10. CPU601 is electrically connected to ROM602 and RAM603. The ROM 602 stores various program data, such as a program for a first main process (see FIG. 5), which will be described later. Various temporary data are stored in the RAM 603.

The CPU 601 is electrically connected to the heat pump section 35. The CPU 601 controls the heat pump section 35. The CPU 601 controls the heat pump section 35 and performs heat exchange between the first heat medium 73 and the second heat medium 74 using a heat pump method.

The CPU 601 is electrically connected to the raw water supply pump 580, the first pump 581, the second pump 582, the flow rate sensor 541, the flow rate sensor 641, and the ultrasonic oscillator 98. The raw water supply pump 580, the first pump 581, and the second pump 582 are pumps (for example, inverter pumps) that can adjust the flow rate of liquid. The CPU 601 controls the raw water supply pump 580, the first pump 581, and the second pump 582 to adjust the flow rates of the raw water 71, the first heat medium 73, and the second heat medium 74. The ultrasonic oscillator 98 is attached to the second heat exchanger 37 (see FIG. 1). The ultrasonic oscillator 98 generates ultrasonic waves under the control of the CPU 601 to remove foreign matter inside the second heat exchanger 37 .

The flow rate sensor 541 outputs a signal corresponding to the flow rate of the raw water 71 flowing through the raw water supply channel 511 to the CPU 601. The CPU 601 detects the flow rate of the raw water 71 flowing through the raw water supply channel 511 based on the output of the flow rate sensor 541. The flow rate sensor 641 outputs a signal corresponding to the flow rate of the concentrated water 75 flowing through the flow path 513 to the CPU 601. The CPU 601 detects the flow rate of the concentrated water 75 flowing through the flow path 513 based on the output of the flow rate sensor 641.

CPU 601 is electrically connected to operation unit 586. The operation unit 586 is provided on the outer surface of the preheating device 10, for example. The CPU 601 obtains instructions from the user input through the operation unit 586. For example, when a user inputs an instruction to remove foreign matter inside the second heat exchanger 37 using the ultrasonic oscillator 98, the CPU 601 drives the ultrasonic oscillator 98.

In this embodiment, as an example, it is assumed that the first heat exchanger 36 and the second heat exchanger 37 perform heat exchange without using an electric drive source. In this case, the first heat exchanger 36 and the second heat exchanger 37 do not need to be electrically connected to the CPU 601. Note that the first heat exchanger 36 and the second heat exchanger 37 may be devices that forcibly perform heat exchange using, for example, an electrically driven drive source. In this case, the first heat exchanger 36 and the second heat exchanger 37 are electrically connected to the CPU 601 and controlled by the CPU 601.

With reference to FIG. 2, the electrical configuration of the RO device 11 of the dialysis system 1A will be described. The RO device 11 includes a CPU 151, a ROM 152, a RAM 153, a water amount sensor 148, an automatic valve 142, an automatic valve 143, and an automatic valve 147. The CPU 151 controls the RO device 11 . The CPU 151 is electrically connected to the ROM 152, the RAM 153, the water sensor 148, the automatic valve 142, the automatic valve 143, and the automatic valve 147. The ROM 152 stores various program data, such as a program for RO device processing (see FIG. 4), which will be described later. Various temporary data are stored in the RAM 153.

The water amount sensor 148 is arranged inside the RO raw water tank 123. The water amount sensor 148 outputs a signal based on the amount of raw water 71 stored in the RO raw water tank 123 to the CPU 151. The CPU 151 detects the amount of raw water 71 stored in the RO raw water tank 123 based on the signal output from the water amount sensor 148 .

The CPU 151 controls opening and closing of the automatic valve 147. The CPU 601 opens the automatic valve 147 and supplies the raw water 71 to the RO raw water tank 123 via the raw water supply channel 512. Further, the CPU 151 controls opening and closing of the automatic valves 142 and 143. The CPU 151 controls the automatic valves 142 and 143 to control the flow rate of the concentrated water 75 divided into the flow path 513 and the flow path 518. In addition, in the raw water supply channel 512 in the RO apparatus 11, a flow rate adjustment valve 149 is provided upstream of the automatic valve 147 (see FIG. 1). The flow rate adjustment valve 149 is a valve that manually adjusts the flow rate of the raw water 71 flowing through the raw water supply channel 512.

With reference to FIG. 4, the RO device processing executed by the CPU 151 of the RO device 11 will be described. When the power of the RO device 11 is turned on, the CPU 151 reads the RO device processing program stored in the ROM 152 and expands it in the RAM 153. The CPU 151 executes RO device processing based on the RO device processing program.

In the RO device process, first, the output of the water amount sensor 148 is referred to, and it is determined whether the raw water 71 in the RO raw water tank 123 has decreased (S1). If the raw water 71 in the RO raw water tank has not decreased (S1: NO), standby.

For example, the pump 124 constantly applies pressure to the raw water 71 toward the RO device 11 and dialysis device 12 side. The dialysis apparatus 12 includes a tank (not shown) that stores RO water 76. When the dialyzer 12 starts dialysis, the amount of RO water 76 in the tank of the dialyzer 12 decreases. In this case, the CPU (not shown) of the dialysis machine 12 opens the valve inside the dialysis machine 12 and sets the RO water 76 to flow from the RO machine 11 to the tank of the dialysis machine 12 . As a result, RO water 76 begins to flow from the RO device 11 side to the dialysis device 12 due to the pressure exerted by the pump 124 . Therefore, the raw water 71 flows from the RO raw water tank 123 to the RO module 125, and in the RO module 125, RO water 76 and concentrated water 75 are generated. RO water 76 flows to dialyzer 12 and is used for dialysis. Concentrated water 75 flows to second heat exchanger 37 via flow path 513, and heat is recovered. The recovered heat is used to heat the raw water 71 by the heat pump section 35 and the first heat exchanger 36.

When the raw water 71 flows from the RO raw water tank 123 to the RO module 125, the raw water 71 in the RO raw water tank 123 decreases. When the raw water 71 in the RO raw water tank 123 decreases (S1: YES), the automatic valves 142, 143, 147 are opened (S2). By opening the automatic valve 147, the raw water 71 heated in the first heat exchanger 36 is supplied to the RO raw water tank 123 via the raw water supply channel 512. Although details will be described later, raw water 71 is supplied to the RO raw water tank 123 at the first flow rate for a predetermined time (see S13 and S15 in FIG. 5). After a predetermined period of time has elapsed, the raw water 71 is supplied to the RO raw water tank 123 at a second flow rate that is higher than the first flow rate (see S16 in FIG. 5). Further, when the automatic valves 142 and 143 are opened, the concentrated water 75 flows into the flow paths 513 and 518.

Next, the output of the water amount sensor 148 is referred to, and it is determined whether the raw water 71 in the RO raw water tank 123 is full to a predetermined amount or more (S3). If the RO raw water tank 123 is not full (S3: NO), the process of S3 is repeated. That is, the raw water 71 continues to be supplied to the RO raw water tank 123.

When the RO raw water tank 123 becomes full (S3: YES), the automatic valves 142, 143, 147 are closed (S4). Since the automatic valve 147 is closed, the supply of raw water 71 to the RO raw water tank 123 is stopped. The process then returns to S1.

The first main process executed by the CPU 601 of the preheating device 10 will be described. When the preheating device 10 is powered on, the CPU 601 reads the first main processing program stored in the ROM 602 and expands it in the RAM 603. The CPU 601 executes the first main process based on the first main process program.

In the first main process, first, it is determined whether or not to start preheating (warming) the raw water 71 by the preheating device 10 (S11). If preheating of the raw water 71 is not started (S11: NO), the process waits.

For example, the CPU 601 of the preheating device 10 constantly applies pressure to the raw water 71 toward the RO device 11 using the raw water supply pump 580. When the automatic valve 147 is opened by the process S2 (see FIG. 4) of the RO device 11, the raw water supply pump 580 directs the raw water 71 from the raw water tank 13 to the RO device 11 via the first heat exchanger 36. It flows. The CPU 601 refers to the outputs of the flow rate sensors 541 and 641, detects the flow of the raw water 71 and the concentrated water 75, and determines to start preheating the raw water 71 (S11: YES). Note that it may be determined that preheating of the raw water 71 is started when the flow rate of the raw water 71 is equal to or higher than a first predetermined flow rate and the flow rate of the concentrated water 75 is equal to or higher than a second predetermined flow rate.

If it is determined to start preheating the raw water 71 (S11: YES), heat exchange is started (S12). For example, the heat pump section 35 is driven. Circulation of the first heat medium 73 by the first pump 581 is started. Circulation of the second heat medium 74 by the second pump 582 is started. Thereby, in the second heat exchanger 37, heat is recovered from the concentrated water 75 through heat exchange between the concentrated water 75 and the second heat medium 74, and the second heat medium 74 is heated. In the heat pump section 35, heat is recovered from the second heat medium 74 and the first heat medium 73 is heated. In the first heat exchanger 36, the raw water 71 is heated by heat exchange between the first heat medium 73 and the raw water 71.

Further, the raw water supply pump 580 is controlled, and supply of the raw water 71 is started at the first flow rate (S13). The first flow rate is a flow rate smaller than the second flow rate.

Next, time measurement is started (S14). This time is also the time after the supply of RO water 76 to the dialyzer 12 is started. Next, the time at which measurement was started in S14 is referred to, and it is determined whether a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes) has elapsed (S15). In this embodiment, it is assumed that "a predetermined time has elapsed" means that the measured time has become longer than the predetermined time. Furthermore, "for a predetermined period of time" is, for example, a state in which the measured time is less than or equal to a predetermined period of time.

If the time at which measurement was started in S14 has not passed the predetermined time (S15: NO), the process waits. That is, the raw water 71 continues to be supplied to the RO raw water tank 123 at the first flow rate smaller than the second flow rate until the predetermined time period passes.

If the predetermined time has elapsed (S15: YES), the raw water 71 is supplied to the RO device 11 at the second flow rate (S16). The second flow rate is greater than the first flow rate. In S16, the CPU 601 controls the raw water supply pump 580 so that the raw water 71 flows to the RO device 11 at the second flow rate.

Next, it is determined whether or not to finish preheating the raw water 71 (S17). If the preheating of the raw water 71 is not completed (S17: NO), the process waits. That is, the supply of raw water 71 at the second flow rate started in S16 is continued.

For example, when the automatic valve 147 is closed by the process of S4 (see FIG. 4) of the RO device 11, the flow of the raw water 71 flowing from the raw water tank 13 toward the RO device 11 via the first heat exchanger 36 is Stop. The CPU 601 refers to the outputs of the flow rate sensors 541 and 641, detects that the flow of the raw water 71 and the concentrated water 75 has stopped, and determines to end the preheating of the raw water 71 (S17: YES). Note that the preheating of the raw water 71 may be determined to end when the flow rate of the raw water 71 is lower than a first predetermined flow rate and the flow rate of the concentrated water 75 is lower than a second predetermined flow rate.

If the CPU 601 determines to end the preheating of the raw water 71 (S17: YES), it ends the heat exchange (S18). For example, the heat pump section 35 is stopped. Circulation of the first heat medium 73 by the first pump 581 is stopped. Circulation of the second heat medium 74 by the second pump 582 is stopped. The process then returns to S11.

As described above, the dialysis system 1A in this embodiment is configured. In this embodiment, concentrated water 75 is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37. The heat recovered from the concentrated water 75 is used in the second heat exchanger 37 to heat the raw water 71 via the second heat exchanger 37, the heat pump section 35, and the first heat exchanger 36. Since concentrated water 75 is not used for dialysis, it is cleaner than dialysis wastewater 78 after dialysis. Therefore, the possibility that the second heat exchanger 37 will be contaminated can be reduced compared to the case where the dialysis waste fluid 78 is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37.

Also, the concentrated water 75 produced in the RO module 125 is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 instead of the dialysis effluent 78 after the RO water 76 has been used by the dialyzer 12 . Then, the heat of the concentrated water 75 is used to heat the raw water 71 via the second heat exchanger 37, the heat pump section 35, and the first heat exchanger 36. Therefore, compared to the case where the raw water 71 is heated using the heat of the dialysis effluent 78, contamination and oxidation of the apparatus by the dialysis effluent 78 are reduced. Therefore, maintenance costs for the dialysis system 1A are reduced.

Further, the concentrated water 75 is a liquid produced after the hardness components and hypochlorous acid of the raw water 71 are reduced in the RO module 125. Therefore, compared to the case where the raw water 71 is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37, it is possible to reduce the possibility that scale will occur in the second heat exchanger 37 or that the second heat exchanger 37 will rust. Note that scale is, for example, something in which hardening components (eg, calcium, salt, magnesium, etc.) have solidified.

Moreover, since the dialysis waste fluid 78 is not supplied to the second heat exchanger 37, there is no need to provide a recovery tank for storing the dialysis waste fluid 78. In this case, the cost of arranging the recovery tank can also be reduced. Further, there is no need to provide a flow path and a pump for supplying the dialysis waste liquid 78 from the recovery tank to the second heat exchanger 37. Therefore, the cost of the dialysis system 1A can be reduced. Moreover, since there is no need to provide a flow path, a pump, and a recovery tank for supplying the dialysis waste fluid 78, the overall size and installation area of the dialysis system 1A can be reduced. Therefore, costs including construction costs for installing the dialysis system 1A can be reduced.

Further, the RO device 11 is provided with an RO raw water tank 123. The raw water supply channel 512 is provided with a raw water supply pump 580, which is an adjustment unit that can adjust the flow rate of the raw water 71. The CPU 601 controls the raw water supply pump 580 to supply the raw water 71 to the RO raw water tank 123 at the first flow rate for a predetermined time from the start of supply of the RO water 76 to the dialysis apparatus 12 (S13 and S15). The CPU 601 controls the raw water supply pump 580, and supplies the raw water 71 to the RO raw water tank 123 at the second flow rate when a predetermined time has elapsed (S16).

Since the first flow rate is smaller than the second flow rate, even if the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis machine 12 is stopped before the predetermined time elapses, the RO raw water tank 123 will be filled to a predetermined amount or more. This can reduce the possibility of Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the RO raw water tank 123 becomes full and the supply of the raw water 71 to the RO raw water tank 123 is stopped before the predetermined time elapses. Therefore, there is a high possibility that heat exchange by the first heat exchanger 36, the second heat exchanger 37, and the heat pump section 35 will continue for at least a predetermined period of time. Therefore, the number of times the heat exchange is turned on and off can be reduced compared to the case where the heat exchange is stopped and then restarted for a shorter time than the predetermined time. Therefore, the number of times the heat pump section 35 is driven and stopped is reduced, and the possibility of problems caused by hunting can be reduced. Hunting refers to a reduction in the life of a device due to an increase in the number of times the device is started and stopped.

Further, an ultrasonic oscillator 98 is provided that removes foreign matter in the second heat exchanger 37 using ultrasonic waves. Foreign matter also includes scale, for example. Since foreign matter can be removed by ultrasonic waves, the possibility that the flow path in the second heat exchanger 37 will be clogged can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the raw water supply pump 580 is an example of the "adjustment section" of the present invention. The CPU 601 that processes S13 and S15 is an example of the "first flow rate control means" of the present invention. The CPU 601 that performs the process of S16 is an example of the "second flow rate control means" of the present invention.

Note that this embodiment is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes can be made. For example, although the raw water supply pump 580 was provided in the raw water supply channel 511, it may be provided in the raw water supply channel 512. Further, the raw water supply pump 580 may be a pump that flows the raw water 71 at a constant flow rate. In this case, raw water supply pump 580 does not need to be controlled by CPU 601. The flow rate of raw water 71 does not need to be changed between the first flow rate and the second flow rate. Further, the ultrasonic oscillator 98 may not be provided.

Further, although the adjustment unit that can adjust the flow rate of the raw water 71 is the raw water supply pump 580, it is not limited thereto. For example, as in the dialysis system 1B according to the modified example shown in FIG. good. The flow rate adjustment valve 589 is, for example, a proportional valve that can proportionally adjust the flow rate. The raw water supply pump 588 flows the raw water 71 at a constant pressure. In this case, the raw water supply pump 588 does not need to be controlled by the CPU 601. The CPU 601 controls the flow rate adjustment valve 589 to adjust the flow rate of the raw water 71. Thereby, the CPU 601 sets the flow rate of the raw water 71 to the first flow rate (S13 in FIG. 5) or to the second flow rate (S16 in FIG. 5). In this case, the flow rate adjustment valve 589 is an example of the "adjustment section" of the present invention.

Alternatively, the dialysis system 1C may be configured as a modified example shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. In the following description, configurations and processes similar to those of the dialysis system 1A are indicated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the dialysis system 1C, the RO raw water tank 123 (see FIG. 1) is not provided, and the raw water supply channel 512 is connected to the connection part 139. Furthermore, one end of a branch channel 552 is connected to the raw water supply channel 512 at a connecting portion 551 . The other end of the branch channel 552 is connected to the channel 513 at a connecting portion 553. The connecting portion 553 is located upstream of the flow rate sensor 641. An on-off valve 554 is provided in the branch flow path 552. The on-off valve 554 opens and closes the branch flow path 552 under the control of the CPU 601.

With reference to FIG. 8, the second main process executed by the CPU 601 of the preheating device 10 of the dialysis system 1C will be described. In the second main process, after the process of S12 is executed, raw water 71 is supplied to the RO device 11 (S21). In this embodiment, the CPU 601 of the preheating device 10 constantly applies pressure to the raw water 71 toward the RO device 11 side by the raw water supply pump 580, and when it is determined that preheating of the raw water 71 is to be started ( S11: YES), raw water 71 is already flowing toward the RO device 11 side. Therefore, in S21, the supply of raw water 71 to the RO device 11 is continued. As a result, the raw water 71 is supplied from the raw water tank 13 to the RO module 125 via the raw water supply channel 511, the first heat exchanger 36, the raw water supply channel 512, and the channel 133. The flow rate of the raw water 71 supplied in S21 is a flow rate that can supply the RO water 76 used in the dialysis apparatus 12. Next, time measurement is started (S14).

Next, it is determined whether the time at which measurement was started in S14 has passed a predetermined time (S15). If the predetermined time has not elapsed (S15: NO), it is determined whether the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis apparatus 12 has ended (S31). If the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis apparatus 12 has not been completed (S31: NO), the process returns to S15. That is, the supply of raw water 71 to the RO device 11 is continued.

If the predetermined time has passed (S15: YES), the process advances to S17. In this case, the supply of raw water 71 to the RO device 11 is continued. For example, when the automatic valve 147 is closed by the process of S4 (see FIG. 4) of the RO device 11, the flow of the raw water 71 flowing from the raw water tank 13 toward the RO device 11 via the first heat exchanger 36 is Stop. The CPU 601 refers to the outputs of the flow rate sensors 541 and 641, detects that the flow of the raw water 71 and the concentrated water 75 has stopped, and determines that the supply of the RO water 76 to the dialysis apparatus 12 has ended (S31: YES). ). Note that when the flow rate of the raw water 71 is lower than the first predetermined flow rate and the flow rate of the concentrated water 75 is lower than the second predetermined flow rate, it is determined that the supply of the RO water 76 to the dialysis apparatus 12 has ended. You may.

When the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis device 12 is finished (S31: YES), the on-off valve 554 is opened, and the raw water is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 via a part of the branch flow path 552 and the flow path 513. 71 is supplied (S32). At this time, the CPU 601 controls the raw water supply pump 580 and supplies the raw water 71 to the second heat exchanger 37 at a flow rate smaller than the flow rate of the raw water 71 when supplying the raw water 71 from the second heat exchanger 37 to the RO device 11. (S32). Thereby, in the first heat exchanger 36, heat exchange is performed between the raw water 71 and the second heat medium 74, and the second heat medium 74 is heated. Moreover, heat exchange in the heat pump section 35 and the first heat exchanger 36 is also continued. Note that by controlling the flow rate with the on-off valve 554, the raw water 71 is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 at a flow rate smaller than the flow rate of the raw water 71 when the raw water 71 is supplied from the second heat exchanger 37 to the RO device 11. May be supplied.

Next, it is determined whether the time at which measurement was started in S14 has passed a predetermined time (S33). If the predetermined time has not elapsed (S33: NO), it waits. That is, supply of the raw water 71 to the second heat exchanger 37 via the branch flow path 552 is continued.

If the predetermined time has passed (S33: YES), the CPU 601 closes the on-off valve 554 (S34). As a result, the supply of raw water 71 from branch flow path 552 to second heat exchanger 37 is stopped. Next, it is determined whether RO water 76 is being supplied to the dialysis machine 12 (S35). That is, after it is determined in S31 that the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis machine 12 has ended, the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis machine 12 is restarted while waiting until a predetermined time elapses in S33. It is determined whether or not it was done. When CPU 601 refers to the outputs of flow rate sensors 541 and 641 and determines that the flow of raw water 71 and concentrated water 75 has stopped, it determines that RO water 76 is not being supplied to dialysis apparatus 12 (S35: NO). Note that even if it is determined that the RO water 76 is not being supplied to the dialysis apparatus 12 when the flow rate of the raw water 71 is smaller than the first predetermined flow rate and the flow rate of the concentrated water 75 is smaller than the second predetermined flow rate, good.

If the RO water 76 is not being supplied to the dialysis apparatus 12 (S35: NO), the CPU 601 ends the heat exchange (S36). For example, the heat pump section 35 is stopped. Circulation of the first heat medium 73 by the first pump 581 is stopped. Circulation of the second heat medium 74 by the second pump 582 is stopped. The process then returns to S11.

In the process of S35, the CPU 601 refers to the outputs of the flow rate sensors 541 and 641, and if it is determined that the flow of the raw water 71 and concentrated water 75 has not stopped, it determines that the RO water 76 is being supplied to the dialysis machine 12. Determine (S35: YES). In this case, the process advances to S17. That is, if the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis apparatus 12 is restarted while waiting until the predetermined time elapses in S33, the supply of raw water 71 to the RO apparatus 11 is continued.

As described above, the process according to the modified example is executed. In this modification, while the RO water 76 is being supplied to the dialysis apparatus 12, the raw water 71 is supplied from the first heat exchanger 36 to the RO apparatus 11 (S21). After the RO water 76 has been supplied to the dialysis machine 12 for a longer time than the predetermined time (S15: YES), when the supply of the RO water 76 to the dialysis machine 12 has ended (S17: YES), the first heat The supply of the raw water 71 from the exchanger 36 to the RO device 11 ends (S18). If the supply of RO water 76 to the dialyzer 12 is completed within the predetermined time (S31: YES), the on-off valve 554 is opened and the RO water is supplied via the branch flow path 552 until the predetermined time elapses. Raw water 71 is supplied to the two-heat exchanger 37 (S32). Therefore, even if the supply of raw water 71 from the first heat exchanger 36 to the RO device 11 is stopped before the predetermined time elapses, the raw water 71 is transferred to the second heat exchanger 37 via the branch flow path 552. can be supplied. Therefore, heat exchange by the first heat exchanger 36, the second heat exchanger 37, and the heat pump section 35 continues at least for a predetermined period of time. Therefore, the number of times heat exchange is turned on and off can be reduced compared to the case where heat exchange is stopped and then restarted for a shorter time than the predetermined time. Therefore, the number of times the heat pump section 35 is driven and stopped is reduced, and the possibility of problems caused by hunting can be reduced. Further, by flowing the raw water 71 through the second heat exchanger 37, foreign substances such as scale within the second heat exchanger 37 can be removed.

Further, if the supply of concentrated water 75 to the second heat exchanger 37 is stopped before the predetermined time elapses, the heat pump section 35, the first heat exchanger 36, and the second heat exchanger 37 Assume that the heat exchange is continued. In this case, heat is recovered from the second heat medium 74 by the primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351 while the concentrated water 75 is not supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 and the second heat medium 74 is not heated. As a result, the temperature of the second heat medium 74 decreases. Therefore, due to a decrease in the temperature of the second heat medium 74, the primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351 and the second heat exchanger 37 may freeze. In the present embodiment, even if the supply of RO water 76 to the dialysis device 12 is stopped and the supply of concentrated water 75 to the second heat exchanger 37 is stopped, a predetermined period of time will continue to flow through the branch flow path 552. Until then, the raw water 71 is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 (S32). Therefore, the possibility that the primary refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 351 and the second heat exchanger 37 freeze is reduced compared to the case where the raw water 71 is not supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 via the branch flow path 552. can do.

Further, the CPU 601 supplies the raw water 71 to the second heat exchanger 37 at a flow rate smaller than the flow rate of the raw water 71 when the raw water 71 is supplied from the first heat exchanger 36 to the RO device 11 (S32). Therefore, compared to the case where the raw water 71 is supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 at a flow rate higher than the flow rate of the raw water 71 when the raw water 71 is supplied from the first heat exchanger 36 to the RO device 11, the raw water 71 is The amount is reduced, and costs can be reduced.

Note that the CPU 601 was supplying the raw water to the second heat exchanger 37 at a flow rate smaller than the flow rate of the raw water 71 when supplying the raw water 71 from the first heat exchanger 36 to the RO device 11 (S32). It is not limited to this. The raw water 71 may be supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 at the same flow rate as the flow rate of the raw water 71 when the raw water 71 is supplied from the first heat exchanger 36 to the RO device 11 . Further, the raw water 71 may be supplied to the second heat exchanger 37 at a flow rate larger than the flow rate of the raw water 71 when the raw water 71 is supplied from the first heat exchanger 36 to the RO device 11 .

1A, 1B, 1C Dialysis system 10 Preheating device 11 RO device 12 Dialysis device 13 Raw water tank 35 Heat pump section 36 First heat exchanger 37 Second heat exchanger 71 Raw water 73 First heat medium 74 Second heat medium 75 Concentrated water 76 RO water 98 Ultrasonic oscillator 123 RO raw water tank 125 RO modules 511, 512 Raw water supply channel 552 Branch channel

Claims (3)

heat pump section,
a first heat exchanger that heats raw water;
an RO device to which the raw water heated by the first heat exchanger is supplied and generates RO water with a lower concentration of impurities than the raw water and concentrated water with a higher concentration of impurities than the RO water;
a dialysis device that performs dialysis using the RO water generated by the RO device;
a second heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the concentrated water and a second heat medium and heats the second heat medium ;
an RO raw water tank provided in the RO device and storing the raw water supplied to the RO device via the first heat exchanger;
a raw water supply channel that is a channel for supplying the raw water to the RO device;
an adjustment unit provided in the raw water supply channel and capable of adjusting the flow rate of the raw water;
a first flow rate control means that controls the adjustment unit and supplies the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a first flow rate for a predetermined time from the start of supply of the RO water to the dialysis apparatus;
a second flow rate control means that controls the adjustment unit and supplies the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a second flow rate when the predetermined time has elapsed;
Equipped with
The heat pump section heats the first heat medium using heat from the second heat medium heated by heat exchange with the concentrated water in the second heat exchanger,
The first heat exchanger performs heat exchange between the first heat medium heated by the heat pump section and the raw water to heat the raw water,
The dialysis system , wherein the first flow rate is smaller than the second flow rate . The dialysis system according to claim 1, further comprising an ultrasonic oscillator that removes foreign matter in the second heat exchanger using ultrasonic waves. an RO device to which heated raw water is supplied and generates RO water with a lower concentration of impurities than the raw water and concentrated water with a higher concentration of impurities than the RO water; and the RO water generated by the RO device. a dialysis device that performs dialysis using a dialysis device; and a first heat exchanger that is provided in the RO device and that heats the raw water supplied to the RO device to store the raw water supplied to the RO device. An RO raw water tank, a raw water supply flow path that is a flow path for supplying the raw water to the RO device, an adjustment section that is provided in the raw water supply flow path and can adjust the flow rate of the raw water, and controls the adjustment section. and a first flow rate control means for supplying the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a first flow rate for a predetermined period of time from the start of supply of the RO water to the dialysis apparatus, and controlling the adjustment section, a second flow rate control means for supplying the raw water to the RO raw water tank at a second flow rate when the preheating device is used in a dialysis system,
heat pump section,
the first heat exchanger;
A second heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the concentrated water and a second heat medium and heats the second heat medium,
The heat pump section heats the first heat medium using heat from the second heat medium heated by heat exchange with the concentrated water in the second heat exchanger,
The first heat exchanger performs heat exchange between the first heat medium heated by the heat pump section and the raw water to heat the raw water,
The preheating device , wherein the first flow rate is smaller than the second flow rate .

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