JP7395293B2 - Secondary monitoring radar system - Google Patents
Secondary monitoring radar system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7395293B2 JP7395293B2 JP2019164700A JP2019164700A JP7395293B2 JP 7395293 B2 JP7395293 B2 JP 7395293B2 JP 2019164700 A JP2019164700 A JP 2019164700A JP 2019164700 A JP2019164700 A JP 2019164700A JP 7395293 B2 JP7395293 B2 JP 7395293B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- information
- daps
- radar device
- surveillance radar
- secondary surveillance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 101000629937 Homo sapiens Translocon-associated protein subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102100026231 Translocon-associated protein subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 101000629913 Homo sapiens Translocon-associated protein subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 102100026229 Translocon-associated protein subunit beta Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 101000697347 Homo sapiens Translocon-associated protein subunit gamma Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100028160 Translocon-associated protein subunit gamma Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Description
本発明の実施形態は、二次監視レーダシステムに関する。 Embodiments of the present invention relate to secondary surveillance radar systems.
SSR(Secondary Surveillance RADAR)は、航空機の識別情報、高度情報、及び位置情報を取得する装置であり、航空管制システムにおける重要な位置づけにある。近年、DAPs(Downlink Aircraft Parameters)を航空管制に利用することにより、航空交通管制における安全性や効率性を向上させることが期待されている。DAPsとは、SSRのダウンリンク機能を用いて地上で取得した機上の動態情報である。航空機の対気速度、対地速度等の状態情報と、選択高度等の意図情報が、DAPsに含まれる主な情報である。 SSR (Secondary Surveillance RADAR) is a device that acquires identification information, altitude information, and location information of aircraft, and has an important position in air traffic control systems. In recent years, the use of DAPs (Downlink Aircraft Parameters) in air traffic control is expected to improve the safety and efficiency of air traffic control. DAPs are on-aircraft dynamic information obtained on the ground using the downlink function of SSR. Status information such as aircraft airspeed and ground speed, and intent information such as selected altitude are the main information contained in DAPs.
SSRは、世界中の航空機で同じ周波数(アップリンク:1030MHz/ダウンリンク:1090MHz)を使用する。このためDAPsにより質問数が増大すると輻そうが生じたりして、電波環境の悪化することが懸念される。このため複数のSSRの監視覆域が重なる場合には、いずれかのSSRにDAPs質問を委ねることで、DAPs質問の数を最低限にするのが望ましい。 SSR uses the same frequencies (uplink: 1030MHz/downlink: 1090MHz) on aircraft around the world. For this reason, there is concern that as the number of questions increases due to DAPs, congestion may occur and the radio wave environment may deteriorate. For this reason, if the monitoring coverage areas of multiple SSRs overlap, it is desirable to minimize the number of DAPs inquiries by entrusting DAPs inquiries to one of the SSRs.
しかし、DAPs質問を委ねられた側のSSRで、障害等によりDAPs質問が失敗すると、DAPs情報を得られなくなってしまう。これは、例えばRA(Resolution Advisory:回避指示)情報のように重要な情報では大きな問題となる。 However, if the SSR entrusted with the DAPs inquiry fails due to a failure or the like, the DAPs information cannot be obtained. This becomes a big problem when it comes to important information such as RA (Resolution Advisory) information.
そこで、目的は、情報の欠落を防止し得る二次監視レーダシステムを提供することにある。 Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a secondary monitoring radar system that can prevent information loss.
実施形態によれば、二次監視レーダシステムは、互いに覆域の重なり合う複数の二次監視レーダ装置と、複数の二次監視レーダ装置の間に通信リンクを形成する通信媒体とを具備する。そして、複数の二次監視レーダ装置は、取得部と、質問管理部とを具備する。取得部は、隣接する二次監視レーダ装置から、監視対象の航空機に係わる動態情報を受信する。質問管理部は、動態情報を受信できない場合に、自らの配下の覆域に向け質問信号を送信して前記動態情報を取得する。 According to an embodiment, a secondary surveillance radar system includes a plurality of secondary surveillance radar devices having overlapping coverage areas and a communication medium forming a communication link between the plurality of secondary surveillance radar devices. The plurality of secondary monitoring radar devices each include an acquisition section and a question management section. The acquisition unit receives dynamic information related to the aircraft to be monitored from an adjacent secondary monitoring radar device. When the question management section cannot receive the dynamic information, the question management section transmits an interrogation signal to the coverage area under its control and acquires the dynamic information.
以下に、図面を参照して実施形態について説明する。
図1は、実施形態に係わる二次監視レーダシステムについて概略を説明するための図である。図1において、それぞれ円形の覆域を展開する、3つの二次監視レーダ装置(SSR1、SSR2、SSR3)が運用されていて、覆域が部分的に重なっていることを想定する。
Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a secondary surveillance radar system according to an embodiment. In FIG. 1, it is assumed that three secondary surveillance radar devices (SSR1, SSR2, and SSR3) each having a circular coverage area are in operation, and the coverage areas partially overlap.
SSR1の覆域と、SSR2の覆域は花弁状に重なっている(一点鎖線)。この領域をSSR1、SSR2の双方から個別に監視することは合理的でない。そこで、SSR1だけに監視を委ね、得られたDAPs情報をSSR1からSSR2に通知することで、質問信号の最小化を図る。 The coverage area of SSR1 and the coverage area of SSR2 overlap like a petal (dotted chain line). It is not reasonable to separately monitor this area from both SSR1 and SSR2. Therefore, the interrogation signal is minimized by entrusting monitoring only to SSR1 and notifying the obtained DAPs information from SSR1 to SSR2.
同様に、SSR2とSSR3との関係では、三角形状の覆域の重なり部分(2点鎖線)におけるDAPs情報をSSR2が取得し、SSR3に通知する。SSR1とSSR3との関係では、両者の覆域の重なり部分におけるDAPs情報をSSR1が取得し、SSR3に通知する。 Similarly, in the relationship between SSR2 and SSR3, SSR2 acquires DAPs information in the overlapping portion of the triangular coverage area (double-dashed line) and notifies it to SSR3. In the relationship between SSR1 and SSR3, SSR1 acquires DAPs information in the overlapping area of their coverage areas and notifies it to SSR3.
以上が、正常な状態での運用である。この状態から、例えばSSR1に障害が発生したとする。そうすると、SSR2がそのことを検知し、SSR1に委ねていた監視領域を、自らの配下に切り替える(一点鎖線)。そしてSSR2は、拡大した領域に向けて自ら質問信号を送信し、DAPs情報を取得する。 The above is operation under normal conditions. For example, suppose that a failure occurs in SSR1 in this state. Then, SSR2 detects this and switches the monitoring area entrusted to SSR1 to its own control (dotted chain line). Then, the SSR2 transmits an interrogation signal to the expanded area and acquires DAPs information.
さらにSSR2は、自ら取得したDAPs情報をSSR3に通知する。これにより、SSR3は、SSR1から取得していたDAPs情報を、SSR2から取得する格好となる。もちろん、この状態においてSSR3は、SSR1に障害が発生していることを知っている。そこで、SSR2と同様に自らの監視領域を拡大し(図中点線)、DAPs情報の取りこぼしを無くす。 Furthermore, SSR2 notifies SSR3 of the DAPs information that it has acquired. As a result, SSR3 is in a position to acquire the DAPs information that was acquired from SSR1 from SSR2. Of course, in this state, SSR3 knows that a failure has occurred in SSR1. Therefore, like SSR2, it expands its own monitoring area (dotted line in the figure) to avoid missing out on DAPs information.
図2および図3は、実施形態に係わる二次監視レーダ装置の一例を示す機能ブロック図である。図2は、DAPs情報の配信に係わる機能について示す。図3は、DAPs情報の受信に係わる機能を示す。ここではSSR1~SSR7の7つの二次監視レーダ装置を想定し、SSR1を例として説明する。 2 and 3 are functional block diagrams showing an example of a secondary monitoring radar device according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 shows functions related to distribution of DAPs information. FIG. 3 shows functions related to receiving DAPs information. Here, seven secondary monitoring radar devices SSR1 to SSR7 are assumed, and SSR1 will be explained as an example.
図2において、SSR1としての二次監視レーダ装置100は、隣接SSR境界管理処理部10と、DAPs情報生成部20とを備える。
隣接SSR境界管理処理部10は、隣接するSSR(隣接SSR)の境界領域の情報(緯度・経度・高度等)をメモリ(図示せず)等に内部データとして保持する。実施形態では、SSR1に対してSSR2~SSR7が隣接SSRであるとする。
In FIG. 2, the secondary monitoring radar device 100 as the SSR 1 includes an adjacent SSR boundary management processing section 10 and a DAPs information generation section 20.
The adjacent SSR boundary management processing unit 10 stores information (latitude, longitude, altitude, etc.) on the boundary area of adjacent SSRs (adjacent SSRs) in a memory (not shown) or the like as internal data. In the embodiment, it is assumed that SSR2 to SSR7 are adjacent SSRs to SSR1.
また、隣接SSR境界管理処理部10は、監視対象の航空機を追跡して得られる情報(追跡情報)に基づいて、当該航空機の未来の位置(予測位置)を予測する。さらに、隣接SSR境界管理処理部10は、予測位置が、隣接SSRの監視覆域に入るか否かを、境界領域の情報に基づいて判定する。 Further, the adjacent SSR boundary management processing unit 10 predicts the future position (predicted position) of the aircraft to be monitored, based on information (tracking information) obtained by tracking the aircraft. Further, the adjacent SSR boundary management processing unit 10 determines whether the predicted position falls within the monitoring coverage area of the adjacent SSR based on the information on the boundary area.
隣接SSR境界管理処理部10は、いずれかの隣接SSRの監視覆域に航空機の予測位置が入ることを判定すると、当該隣接SSRに宛てたDAPs情報を、当該隣接SSRに接続されたDAPs情報生成部20に渡す。 When the adjacent SSR boundary management processing unit 10 determines that the predicted position of the aircraft falls within the monitoring coverage area of any adjacent SSR, the adjacent SSR boundary management processing unit 10 generates DAPs information addressed to the adjacent SSR and DAPs information connected to the adjacent SSR. Hand it over to Department 20.
DAPs情報生成部20は、隣接SSRに、それぞれ通信媒体を介して接続される。通信媒体は、ターゲットレポートと同じであってもよいし、異なる通信回線であっても良い。例えば公衆回線、衛星回線、IP(Internet Protocol)ネットワーク、無線LAN親局を経由した無線通信チャネルでもよい。 The DAPs information generation unit 20 is connected to each adjacent SSR via a communication medium. The communication medium may be the same as the target report or a different communication line. For example, it may be a public line, a satellite line, an IP (Internet Protocol) network, or a wireless communication channel via a wireless LAN master station.
DAPs情報生成部20は、隣接SSR境界管理処理部10から渡された情報に基づいて、隣接SSRに伝送するためのDAPs補完情報(航空機識別コード、緯度・経度・高度、ヘディング、対地速度等)を生成する。 The DAPs information generation unit 20 generates DAPs supplementary information (aircraft identification code, latitude/longitude/altitude, heading, ground speed, etc.) to be transmitted to the adjacent SSR based on the information passed from the adjacent SSR boundary management processing unit 10. generate.
図3において、SSR1としての二次監視レーダ装置100は、DAPs情報受付部30と、質問管理部40とを備える。DAPs情報受付部30は、それぞれ隣接SSRに至る通信媒体に接続される。DAPs情報受付部30は、それぞれ隣接する二次監視レーダ装置からDAPs補完情報を受信し、質問管理部40に渡す。このDAPs補完情報は、監視対象の航空機がSSR1に移動してくることを示す情報(移動情報)である。なお、DAPs補完情報を受信していない状態においても、受信していないという情報が、質問管理部40に通知される。 In FIG. 3, the secondary monitoring radar device 100 as the SSR 1 includes a DAPs information reception section 30 and a question management section 40. The DAPs information reception unit 30 is connected to a communication medium leading to each adjacent SSR. The DAPs information reception unit 30 receives DAPs supplementary information from each adjacent secondary monitoring radar device and passes it to the question management unit 40 . This DAPs supplementary information is information (movement information) indicating that the aircraft to be monitored is moving to SSR1. Note that even in a state where the DAPs supplementary information is not received, the question management unit 40 is notified that the DAPs supplementary information has not been received.
質問管理部40は、DAPs補完情報を受信していない場合に、自らの配下の空域内の航空機に向けて質問信号(ロールコール)を送信する。 If the interrogation management section 40 has not received the DAPs supplementary information, it transmits an interrogation signal (roll call) to aircraft within the airspace under its control.
図4は、質問管理部40によるDAPs情報の取得の一例を示すタイムチャートである。図4において、SSR1は予め規定された質問周期で質問信号を送信し、自らの覆域内の航空機からDAPs情報を取得する。取得されたDAPs情報は、覆域の重複するSSR2に向け通信媒体を経由して伝送される。 FIG. 4 is a time chart showing an example of acquisition of DAPs information by the question management unit 40. In FIG. 4, the SSR 1 transmits an interrogation signal at a predefined interrogation period and acquires DAPs information from aircraft within its coverage area. The acquired DAPs information is transmitted via a communication medium to the SSR2 with overlapping coverage areas.
この状態からSSR1に障害が発生し、DAPs情報を取得できない状態になったとする。そうすると、SSR2の質問管理部40が、通知されるはずのDAPs情報が受信されないことを直ちに検出し、SSR1からDAPs情報を取得できないと判断して、自ら質問信号の送信を開始する。これ以降、DAPs情報は、SSR2の主体的な質問信号の送信により、SSR2自身において取得されることになる。 Assume that a failure occurs in the SSR 1 from this state and it becomes impossible to obtain DAPs information. Then, the interrogation management unit 40 of the SSR2 immediately detects that the DAPs information that is supposed to be notified is not received, determines that the DAPs information cannot be acquired from the SSR1, and starts transmitting the interrogation signal itself. From now on, the DAPs information will be acquired by the SSR 2 itself by the SSR 2 proactively transmitting an interrogation signal.
以上説明したようにこの実施形態では、隣接する二次監視レーダの間に通信媒体を用いた通信リンクを形成し、覆域の重なり合う二次監視レーダ同士で、一方で取得したDAPs情報を他方に渡すことで、覆域内における質問信号を最小にして電波環境を良好に保てるようにする。また、何れかの二次監視レーダに発生した障害により、本来、受信できるはずのDAPs情報を受信できない場合、質問管理部40により直ちにそのことを検知し、質問信号を自ら送信することで、DAPs情報の取りこぼしを最小限に抑えるようにする。 As explained above, in this embodiment, a communication link using a communication medium is formed between adjacent secondary surveillance radars, and the DAPs information acquired by one is transmitted to the other secondary surveillance radars with overlapping coverage areas. By passing the signal, it is possible to minimize interrogation signals within the coverage area and maintain a good radio wave environment. In addition, if DAPs information that should normally be received cannot be received due to a failure that occurs in one of the secondary monitoring radars, the interrogation management section 40 immediately detects this and transmits an interrogation signal by itself, allowing the DAPs to Try to minimize missing information.
このようにすることで、専用のサーバなどの中央装置を経ることなく、隣接するSSR同士1対1で情報の受け渡しを実現することができる。つまり、複数の二次監視レーダ装置(SSR)同士で協調して動作することで、レーダシステムの中央に全体統括装置を配置することなく、また、障害の発生によらず、DAPs情報に基づいて航空機の位置情報を継続的に監視することができる。 By doing so, information can be exchanged one-on-one between adjacent SSRs without going through a central device such as a dedicated server. In other words, by operating multiple secondary surveillance radar systems (SSR) in cooperation with each other, there is no need to place an overall control device in the center of the radar system, and there is no need to place an overall control device in the center of the radar system. Aircraft location information can be continuously monitored.
これらのことから、情報の欠落を防止し得る二次監視レーダシステムを提供することが可能となる。
実施形態を説明したが、この実施形態は例として提示するものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。この新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。この実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。
For these reasons, it is possible to provide a secondary monitoring radar system that can prevent information loss.
Although an embodiment has been described, this embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This novel embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. This embodiment and its modifications are included within the scope and gist of the invention, as well as within the scope of the invention described in the claims and its equivalents.
10…隣接SSR境界管理処理部、20…DAPs情報生成部、30…DAPs情報受付部、40…質問管理部、100…二次監視レーダ装置。 10...Adjacent SSR boundary management processing unit, 20...DAPs information generation unit, 30...DAPs information reception unit, 40...Question management unit, 100...Secondary monitoring radar device.
Claims (2)
前記第1および第2の二次監視レーダ装置の間に通信リンクを形成する通信媒体とを具備し、
前記第1の二次監視レーダ装置は、
重なり合う前記覆域における航空機に係わるDAPs(Downlink Aircraft Parameters)情報を生成し、前記通信媒体を経由して前記DAPs情報を前記第2の二次監視レーダ装置に渡すDAPs情報生成部を備え、
前記第2の二次監視レーダ装置は、
重なり合う前記覆域における航空機の監視を前記第1の二次監視レーダ装置に委ね、当該第1の二次監視レーダ装置から前記通信媒体を経由して前記DAPs情報を受信する取得部と、
前記DAPs情報を受信できない場合に、自らの配下の覆域に向け質問信号を送信して前記DAPs情報を取得する質問管理部とを具備する、二次監視レーダシステム。 first and second secondary surveillance radar devices whose coverage areas overlap with each other;
a communication medium forming a communication link between the first and second secondary surveillance radar devices;
The first secondary monitoring radar device includes:
comprising a DAPs information generation unit that generates DAPs (Downlink Aircraft Parameters) information related to aircraft in the overlapping coverage area and passes the DAPs information to the second secondary surveillance radar device via the communication medium ,
The second secondary monitoring radar device includes:
an acquisition unit that entrusts the monitoring of aircraft in the overlapping coverage areas to the first secondary surveillance radar device and receives the DAPs information from the first secondary surveillance radar device via the communication medium;
A secondary monitoring radar system comprising: an interrogation management unit that transmits an interrogation signal to a coverage area under its own control to acquire the DAPs information when the DAPs information cannot be received.
隣接する二次監視レーダ装置の覆域の境界情報を管理する境界管理部をさらに具備し、
前記DAPs情報生成部は、
自らの配下の覆域に向け質問信号を送信して取得したDAPs情報を、前記管理される境界情報に基づいて、前記第2の二次監視レーダ装置に向け送信する、請求項1に記載の二次監視レーダシステム。 The first secondary monitoring radar device includes:
It further includes a boundary management unit that manages boundary information of coverage area of adjacent secondary surveillance radar equipment,
The DAPs information generation unit is
2. The DAPs information acquired by transmitting an interrogation signal to the coverage area under its control is transmitted to the second secondary surveillance radar device based on the managed boundary information. Secondary surveillance radar system.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019164700A JP7395293B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Secondary monitoring radar system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019164700A JP7395293B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Secondary monitoring radar system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2021043659A JP2021043659A (en) | 2021-03-18 |
JP7395293B2 true JP7395293B2 (en) | 2023-12-11 |
Family
ID=74864577
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019164700A Active JP7395293B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Secondary monitoring radar system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP7395293B2 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013121709A1 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | Movable body position measuring system, central station, question control method used therein, and storage medium on which program thereof has been stored |
JP2018120553A (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Weather information processing apparatus, weather information processing method, and program |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2972682B2 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-11-08 | 日本電気電波機器エンジニアリング株式会社 | Aircraft position detection system |
-
2019
- 2019-09-10 JP JP2019164700A patent/JP7395293B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013121709A1 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | Movable body position measuring system, central station, question control method used therein, and storage medium on which program thereof has been stored |
JP2018120553A (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Weather information processing apparatus, weather information processing method, and program |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2021043659A (en) | 2021-03-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5835059A (en) | Data link and method | |
US8004452B2 (en) | Methods and apparatus for coordinating ADS-B with mode S SSR and/or having single link communication | |
US10084615B2 (en) | Handover method and control transfer method | |
US11611390B2 (en) | Enhanced LDACS system having different user classes and associated methods | |
US9569971B2 (en) | Satellite communication network | |
EP2051407A2 (en) | Ad-hoc secure communication network and method of communicating with a fleet of vehicles | |
US11170653B2 (en) | Automated air-traffic advisory system and method | |
JP2004503174A5 (en) | ||
WO2008076177A2 (en) | Automatic dependent surveillance system secure ads-s | |
US10341002B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for communications management | |
US11292790B2 (en) | Network-centric sensor coverage management | |
US9824591B1 (en) | Multi-media analysis for implementing advanced flight following and generating of projected tracks | |
Orrell et al. | Small unmanned aircraft system (SUAS) automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) like surveillance concept of operations: A path forward for small UAS surveillance | |
AU2018335275A1 (en) | Passive collection of air-to-ground network parameters for network planning and control | |
JP7395293B2 (en) | Secondary monitoring radar system | |
Park et al. | Performance evaluation and optimization of communication infrastructure for the next generation air transportation system | |
Sathaye et al. | On the implications of spoofing and jamming aviation datalink applications | |
JP5135291B2 (en) | Mode S secondary monitoring radar and aircraft monitoring method | |
US10650688B1 (en) | Air traffic situational awareness using HF communication | |
Monteiro et al. | An integrated mission and cyber simulation for Air Traffic Control | |
JP5380153B2 (en) | Secondary surveillance radar | |
JP2007171037A (en) | Secondary monitoring radar | |
Gustavsson | VDL Mode 4/STDMA-a CNS data link | |
JP7231201B2 (en) | Mobile body position measurement system, transponder occupancy control method and transponder occupancy control program | |
Nag et al. | Communicating with unmanned aerial swarm automatic dependent surveillance transponders |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20220617 |
|
RD01 | Notification of change of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7421 Effective date: 20230105 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20230414 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20230425 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230623 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20230822 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20231017 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20231031 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20231129 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7395293 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |