JP7391308B2 - 脊髄損傷の治療のための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
脊髄損傷の治療のための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
特定の定義および略語を以下に示す。その他は、この特許開示の他の場所で定義される。さらに、他に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての技術用語および科学用語および略語は、本発明が関連する当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。例えば、The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology(第5版、J.M. Lackie編、2013)、the Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology(第2版、R. Cammackら編、2008)、およびThe Concise Dictionary of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology(第2版、P-S. Juo, 2002)は、本明細書で使用されているいくつかの用語の一般的な定義を当業者に提供する。
本発明は、E4ORF1+ECを含む。E4ORF1+ECは、典型的にはE4ORF1核酸分子によってコードされるアデノウイルスE4ORF1ポリペプチドを含む内皮細胞である。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、E4ORF1ポリペプチドおよび/またはアデノウイルスE4ORF1ポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子を含む。
本発明は、E4ORF1+EC、E4ORF1+ECを含む組成物、ならびにそのようなE4ORF1+ECおよび組成物の使用方法を含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、神経細胞、神経細胞を含む組成物、ならびにそのような神経細胞および組成物の使用方法を含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、E4ORF1+ECおよび/または神経細胞は、特定の細胞および1つまたはそれ以上のさらなる成分および/またはさらなる細胞型を含む組成物の形態で提供され得る。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、列挙された細胞を担体溶液中に一緒に含む組成物が使用される。そのような担体溶液は、例えば、生理食塩水、細胞懸濁培地、細胞培養培地などからなるか、またはそれらを含み得る。いくつかの実施形態では、列挙された細胞を生体適合性マトリックス材料とともに含む組成物が使用されてよい。いくつかの実施形態では、生体適合性マトリックス材料は、室温で固体であるものである。いくつかの実施形態では、生体適合性マトリックス材料は、室温で液体であるものである。いくつかの実施形態では、生体適合性マトリックス材料は、体温(すなわち、約37℃)で固体であるものである。いくつかの実施形態では、生体適合性マトリックス材料は、体温(すなわち、約37℃)で液体であるものである。いくつかの実施形態では、生体適合性マトリックス材料は、氷上にあるとき、および/または冷蔵されているときに(すなわち、約0℃から約4℃まで)固体であるものである。いくつかの実施形態では、生体適合性マトリックス材料は、氷上にあるとき、および/または冷蔵されているときに(すなわち、約0℃から約4℃)液体であるものである。いくつかの実施形態では、生体適合性マトリックス材料は、室温で液体であり、本発明の方法による対象への投与のプロセス中に液体のままであるものである。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、それを必要とする対象においてSCIを治療する方法を提供する。そのような方法は、E4ORF1+ECおよび神経細胞を対象のSCIの部位に移植/投与することを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、E4ORF1+ECおよび神経細胞は同時に投与される。いくつかの実施形態では、E4ORF1+ECおよび神経細胞は、異なる時に投与される。いくつかの実施形態では、E4ORF1+ECおよび神経細胞は、両方の細胞型を含む組成物で一緒に投与される。いくつかの実施形態では、E4ORF1+ECおよび神経細胞は、2つの別個の組成物(一方はE4ORF1+ECを含み、他方は神経細胞を含む)で別々に投与される。
治療用途に有用であることに加えて、本発明の移植方法は、他の様々な状況、例えば、薬物スクリーニング法を含む、SCIおよびSCIの可能な治療の研究に有用なモデル系の作成においても有用であり得る。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、本明細書に記載の治療方法を実施し、ついで1つまたはそれ以上の候補薬剤または候補細胞型のSCIまたはSCI修復に対する効果を試験することを含む、SCIまたはSCI修復に対する1つまたはそれ以上の候補薬剤または候補細胞型の効果を評価する方法を提供する。
本発明はまた、本明細書に記載される様々な方法を実行するためのキットを提供する。このようなキットは、E4ORF1配列(例えば、ベクター中にて)、内皮細胞、E4ORF1+内皮細胞、神経細胞(ニューロン、グリア、NSC、NPC、ニューロン前駆細胞またはグリア前駆細胞など)、E4ORF1配列またはE4ORF1ポリペプチドの検出のための手段または組成物(例えば、核酸プローブ、抗体など)、E4ORF1+神経細胞または神経細胞を維持または拡大するために有用な培地または組成物、E4ORF1+ECおよび/または神経細胞を対象に投与するための手段または組成物、使用説明書、容器、培養容器など、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含むがこれらに限定されない、本明細書に記載の成分のいずれをも含むことができる。
実施例1:
材料および方法:
材料および方法の概要:
動物モデル:成体雌Sprague-Dawleyラット。損傷モデル:中頸部(C3-4)側性挫傷。治療:ECのみの注入、またはNPCとの併用。処理時間:損傷1週間後の単回送達。処理量:培地(HBSS)中、100,000細胞/μlでの10マイクロリットルの細胞。投与経路:病変部位への直接注射。送達方法:30ゲージの鋼針を使用した外科用シリンジ(Hamilton)を介した注射。実験の時間経過:損傷の日から7週間。解剖学的結果の測定:神経解剖学的トレーシング&免疫組織化学(キャビテーション、血管性、および軸索成長への影響を観察)。機能的結果の測定:終末電気生理学(筋肉活動への影響を観察)。行動結果の測定:毎週のプレチスモグラフィー評価(呼吸パターン(呼吸の頻度、一回換気量、分時換気量)への影響を観察)。
神経前駆細胞の分離および培養:
これらの研究で使用される詳細な神経前駆細胞(NPC)分離プロトコルは、Bonnerら(2013).(Bonner J.F., Haas C.J., Fischer I. (2013) Preparation of Neural Stem Cells and Progenitors: Neuronal Production and Grafting Applications. In: Amini S., White M.(編)Neuronal Cell Culture. Methods in Molecular Biology (Methods and Protocols), vol1078. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ)に見出すことができる。NPCは、E13.5-14ラット(Fischer 344-Tg UBC-eGFP)脊髄から、またはE12.5-13マウス脊髄から分離される。切開した脊髄組織を機械的および酵素的に(トリプシン、Life Technologies#25200-056)解離し、培養液で3日間培養した後、凍結培地(ThermoFischer#12648010)で凍結保護し、必要になるまで液体窒素で保存する。細胞をECと組み合わせる1日前に、3x106または6x106のNPCをポリ-L-リジン(Sigma-Aldrich、#P8920)およびラミニン(ThermoFischer、#23017015)でコーティングしたT75フラスコに播種し、培地で培養することで解凍する。培地の成分は次のとおりである:25mg/mLウシ血清アルブミン、B-27サプリメント(Life Technologies、#17504-044)、N2サプリメント(Life Technologies、#17502-048)、10ng/mLの塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子(bFGF;Peprotech、#450-10、Rocky Hill、NJ)、および20ng/mLのニューロトロフィン-3(NT-3;Peprotech、#450-03)を含むDMEM/F12。
脊髄および嗅球を3~4週齢のSprague Dawleyラットから切開し、すぐに切開緩衝液(1XB27を補充したL15培地、L15:#11415064、B27:#17504044、ThermoFischer)に入れる。組織を、機械的および酵素的解離/消化法の組み合わせを使用して解離する。完全に消化した組織を遠心分離機で遠心分離し(x400g、5分)、ペレットをEC培地に再懸濁し、2日間培養する。E4ORF1をコードするレンチウイルス粒子を培地に添加する。新たなEC培地を3日ごとに培養液に添加する。凍結保存前にECを少なくとも80%の集密度に達するまで培養する。
中頸部(C3-4)脊髄挫傷損傷は、Infinite Horizon空気圧インパクター(200キロダインのプリセット衝撃力、0秒の滞留時間)を使用して成体雌ラットでモデル化される。この損傷は、横隔膜運動回路を危険にさらし、横隔膜機能を損なうが、これは、終末横隔膜筋電図検査(EMG)を使用して評価される。この損傷はまた、横隔膜運動プール(横隔膜を刺激する)を構成する脊髄運動ニューロンの約50%の喪失を引き起こし、損傷の尾側の横隔膜運動ニューロンを除神経する。この解剖学的欠損は、負傷と同側の筋肉機能の減弱、および増加した呼吸ドライブ(または呼吸不全)に対する反応障害をもたらす。呼吸ドライブの増加は、動物を低酸素ガス(10%吸入O2)または高炭酸ガス(7%吸入CO2)に曝すことによって刺激される。このモデルではいくつかの自発的な機能的可塑性が発生する可能性があるが、起因する回復の程度は限られており、欠損が持続する。図Aは、このSCIモデルの概略図である。
ドナー細胞を、100万細胞の用量で、損傷後1週間で病変部位(単回投与経路)に直接注入する。この遅延(亜急性)治療時間は、他の細胞療法研究で現在使用されているものに相当する。亜急性的に処置した動物において、脊髄を外科的に損傷後1週間再露出させ、小さな硬膜切開を損傷の上に直接作成させる。Hanks Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS)に懸濁した細胞を、30ゲージのカスタム(30度の角度)針を取り付けたガラス製シリンジ(World Precision Instruments)に吸い上げる。シリンジをマイクロマニピュレーターに入れ、露出した脊髄の上に配置する。針の先端を脊髄内に挿入して、病変の中心(epicenter)に到達させる。送達後、針を抜いて動物を縫合し、術後投薬を行い、綿密な監視下で清潔な環境で回復させる。
換気機能(一回換気量、呼吸頻度および分時換気量)を、全身プレチスモグラフィーを使用して、すべての治療グループの動物の損傷前および損傷後毎週評価する。損傷していない動物から収集された換気データは、治療グループとの比較に使用できる。終末横隔膜筋電図検査(EMG)を使用し、治療が横隔膜運動の回復を促進するかどうかを決定する。(テレメータを使用して)覚醒している動物の終末横隔膜ニューログラムまたは毎週の横隔膜筋電図も、プレチスモグラフィー評価中に使用できる。
以前に行われたように14,19,23、レトログラードトレーシング法を使用して横隔膜運動回路をマッピングする。以前に記載されたように14,23、実験終了の3日前(損傷後6.5週間)に、動物は横隔膜を露出させる手術を受け、偽狂犬病ウイルス(PRV)を損傷と同側の半横隔膜に送達する。この解剖学的追跡アプローチは、横隔膜運動ニューロンとシナプス統合された介在ニューロンの数の特徴付けを可能にする。運動ニューロンおよび介在ニューロンの数を定量し、損傷していない動物から以前に得られたデータと比較する。縫線核および網様核内の細胞数を、PRVで追跡された動物から定量する。PRVで標識された損傷の吻側および尾側の介在ニューロンを、その層流分布に従って定量する。標識組織の切片を分析して、標識軸索の密度およびPRV感染ニューロンの数を決定する。
脊髄損傷モデルにおけるNPCおよびE4ORF1+ECの移植の効果:
図1は、説明した実験で使用した方法およびタイムラインの概略図を示す。図1A:神経前駆細胞(NPC)を、発生中のラット脊髄から分離し、培養し、凍結し、移植の1日前に解凍した。図1B:E4ORF1を発現するマウス脊髄内皮細胞(EC)を解凍し、移植前にレンチGFPウイルスと培養した。図1C:NPCおよびECを1:1の比率(合計1,000,000細胞)で組み合わせ、挫傷脊髄損傷の1週間後、病変の中心に移植した。一連の解剖学的(順行性および逆行性トレーサー)および機能的(終末横隔膜筋電図、dEMG)評価を使用して、この移植パラダイムの有効性を評価した。実験のタイムラインを図1Dに示す。
表1:移植したNPCおよびECのマンダーの共局在化係数
脊髄損傷モデルにおいてE4ORF1+ECとともにグリア前駆細胞またはグリア細胞を移植した効果:
実施例2に上記で記載したように、NPC移植後、NPCは移植後約6週間でGFAP陽性グリアに分化することが見出された。そのため、本発明者らは、(NPCの代わりに)グリア前駆細胞またはグリアをE4ORF1+ECとともに移植すれば、上記のSCI修復も達成される可能性があると仮定した。
例示的なヒト臨床試験:
E4ORF1+ECおよびNPCを、損傷を引き起こした事象後の亜急性期中に、損傷部位に直接局所注射することにより、SCIを有するヒト対象に投与する。合計で約1,000,000個の細胞(NPCに対するE4ORF1+ECの比率が1:1)を、生理食塩水を含む組成物として投与する。手順に従い、損傷部位での解剖学的回復(例えば、適切なトレーサーおよび画像化方法を使用して)または機能回復(たとえば、電気生理学的測定および/または運動および/または感覚機能)のいずれかを示す1つまたはそれ以上のよく知られたパラメータをモニターすることにより、治療結果を評価する。治療パラメータは異なる対象で調整でき、これらの調整が治療結果に及ぼす影響を測定できる。調整可能な治療パラメータには、投与される総細胞数、NPCに対するE4ORF1+ECの比率、組成物の構成要素(例えば、緩衝液、賦形剤、成長因子、生体適合性マトリックス)、投与方法(例えば、注射vs注入)、投与場所、損傷を引き起こした事象と比較した投与タイミング(例えば、急性期vs亜急性期、または負傷後1週間未満、約1週間、約2週間以内、または2週間以上など)、E4ORF1+ECの供給源およびNPCの供給源が含まれるが、これらに限られない。
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Claims (20)
- 有効量のE4ORF1を発現するCNS由来の内皮細胞(E4ORF1+EC)および有効量の神経前駆細胞(NPC)を有効成分として含む、哺乳動物対象における脊髄損傷(SCI)の治療剤であって、SCIを有する対象にSCIの部位で局所投与し、それにより対象におけるSCIを治療し、該治療の結果、(a)脊髄損傷の部位を介した機能的軸索の成長および/または伸長、および(b)SCI関連の感覚または運動障害における検出可能な改善となる、SCIの治療剤。
- NPC神経細胞に対するE4ORF1+ECの比率が約1:1である、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよびNPCを生理食塩水中で対象に投与する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよびNPCを一緒に対象に投与する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよびNPCを別々に対象に投与する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよびNPCをSCI損傷の亜急性期内に対象に投与する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよびNPCをSCIの部位への直接注射により投与する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよび/またはNPCを生体適合性マトリックス材料中で対象に投与する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよび/またはNPCを固体3D生体適合性マトリックス材料中で対象に投与する、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- E4ORF1+ECおよび/またはNPCを生体適合性マトリックス材料中で対象に投与しない、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- 有効量のE4ORF1を発現するCNS由来の内皮細胞(E4ORF1+EC)および有効量の神経前駆細胞(NPC)を含む、脊髄損傷の治療方法に使用するための医薬組成物。
- NPC神経細胞に対するE4ORF1+ECの比率が約1:1である、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 生理食塩水を含む、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 生体適合性マトリックス材料を含む、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 生体適合性マトリックス材料を含まない、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- (a)E4ORF1を発現する内皮細胞(EC)、および(b)神経細胞を有効成分として含む、対象における脊髄損傷(SCI)の治療剤であって、SCIを有する対象にSCIの部位で局所投与し、それにより対象におけるSCIを治療する、治療剤。
- ECが哺乳動物ECである、請求項16に記載の治療剤。
- ECがヒトECである、請求項16に記載の治療剤。
- ECが、臍帯静脈EC(UVEC)、脳EC、脊髄EC、および嗅球ECよりなる群から選ばれる、請求項16に記載の治療剤。
- 神経細胞が分化した神経細胞である、請求項16に記載の治療剤。
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