JP7337430B1 - Elastic buffer - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide an elastic shock absorber that can easily respond to changes in impact energy to be absorbed and that can be easily manufactured and replaced without the need for manufacturing or replacing the entire body. [Solution] An elastic buffer 1 is provided between a bridge body 3 and an abutment 4 and is made of an elastic member and absorbs impact energy and regulates the displacement amount of relative movement. , two side buffer members 10 whose proximal ends are attached to either the bridge body 3 or the abutment 4 and which are inclined inward and whose distal ends serve as pressure receiving parts of the other; and two side buffer members 10. An internal buffer member 20 is disposed in the space between the two pressure receiving parts, the base end is removably attached to one of them, and the distal end becomes a pressure receiving part of the other, and two pressure receiving parts and one pressure receiving part are attached and detached. The internal buffer member 20 is configured to be adjusted by the impact energy absorbed by the elastic buffer 1. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to elastic cushioning bodies.

Elastic shock absorbers are used to absorb impact energy and regulate the amount of relative displacement when structures such as buildings and bridges are greatly displaced by an earthquake or the like. For example, in buildings, an elastic shock absorber using elasticity such as rubber is installed between the building, which is the upper structure, and the foundation, which is the lower structure. An elastic shock absorber that utilizes the elasticity of rubber and other materials is installed in the bridge to absorb impact energy during an earthquake and regulate the amount of displacement to prevent damage and collapse of bridges due to collisions between structures. For example, in Patent Document 1, as a displacement stopper, two rising pieces of an elastic material are inclined toward the head and connected to each other to form a triangular convex portion inside the legs of the rising piece. In this document, the maximum load and the initial rigidity are increased by forming convex portions.

Further, for example, Patent Document 2 discloses a shock absorbing material having a wall structure in which a plurality of hexagonal cylinders or circular cylinders made of resin or metal are combined in the shock load direction as a shock absorbing structure, The wall structure compressively deforms due to the impact force, and the impact energy is absorbed by buckling deformation and permanent deformation.

JP 2019-116724 A JP-A-11-71714

For these displacement stoppers and shock absorbers, the impact energy to be absorbed is set according to the specifications of the structure, and the displacement stoppers and shock absorbers are designed and manufactured according to the settings. In the case of displacement stoppers, it was necessary to change the triangular protrusions on the inside of the legs in response to changes in the specifications of the structure. When replacing an existing displacement stopper, there is the problem that the entire displacement stopper must be replaced.

In addition, even with shock absorbing materials that have a tubular wall structure made of metal or resin, the entire wall structure must be similarly manufactured according to the impact energy to be absorbed. There is a problem that the entire shock absorbing material that absorbs and undergoes buckling deformation or permanent deformation must be replaced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and provides an elastic cushioning body that can easily respond to changes in the impact energy to be absorbed and can be easily manufactured and replaced without the need for manufacturing or replacing the entirety. intended to provide

In order to solve the above problems, the elastic cushioning body of the present invention includes:
An elastic cushioning body that is provided between an upper structure and a lower structure and made of an elastic member and that absorbs impact energy and regulates the displacement amount of relative movement,
The elastic cushioning body includes two side cushioning members each having a base end attached to one of the upper structure and the lower structure, inclined inwardly, and a tip end serving as a pressure receiving portion of the other; an internal cushioning member arranged in a space between the two side cushioning members, having a base end detachably attached to one of the side cushioning members and having a tip end serving as a pressure receiving portion of the other of the two side cushioning members; a flat plate member detachably connecting the pressure-receiving portion of the internal cushioning member and the pressure-receiving portion of the internal cushioning member;
The internal cushioning member is arranged in the space with the relationship between the displacement (δ) and the load (P) being adjusted according to the impact energy to be absorbed by the elastic cushioning body.
It is characterized by

It is preferable that the internal cushioning member is formed with a bent portion at an intermediate portion in the pressure receiving direction.

It is preferable that a plurality of the internal cushioning members are arranged side by side in the space.

The superstructure and the substructure are bridges composed of the superstructure and abutments or piers, and pressure can be received by attaching a pressure-receiving structural member to either the superstructure, the abutments, or the piers. is preferably configured to

According to the elastic damping body of the present invention, it is possible to easily cope with changes in the impact energy to be absorbed, and it is possible to manufacture and replace the entire body without manufacturing or replacing it.

FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment in which the elastic damping body of the present invention is applied to a bridge before and in a damping state; It applies to the elastic buffer of this invention, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view. FIG. 3(a) is a front view and FIG. 3(b) is a side view of an elastic cushioning body according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10(a) is a front view and (b) is a side view of an elastic cushioning body according to still another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a front view of another embodiment in which the elastic cushioning body of the present invention is applied to a bridge before and in a cushioning state; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the displacement and load of the elastic cushioning body of the present invention; It is a front view of a bridge to which a conventional rubber plate is applied before and in a cushioning state. It is a front view of a bridge to which a conventional buffer is applied before and in a buffered state.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the elastic cushioning body of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
One embodiment of the elastic damping body 1 is applied to a bridge 2, for example, as shown in FIGS.
The elastic buffer 1 is provided between a bridge body (upper structure) 3 and an abutment (lower structure) 4 and is made of an elastic member for absorbing impact energy and regulating the displacement amount of relative movement. . The elastic cushioning body 1 includes two side cushioning members 10 each having a base end portion 11 attached to either one of the bridge body 3 and the abutment 4 and inclined inward, and having a tip end portion 12 serving as a pressure receiving portion 13 of the other. , an internal cushioning member 20 which is disposed in the space 14 between the two side cushioning members 10, has a base end 21 detachably attached to one of them, and has a tip 22 serving as a pressure receiving portion 23 of the other. and a flat plate member 30 detachably connecting the pressure receiving portion 13 of the two side cushioning members 10 and the pressure receiving portion 23 of the internal cushioning member 20 , the internal cushioning member 20 being absorbed by the elastic cushioning body 1 . It is arranged and configured in the space 14 adjusted by the impact energy.

In this embodiment, the bridge 2 on which the elastic damping body 1 is provided has a seismic isolation structure in which a rubber bearing 100 is installed between the bridge body 3 of the upper structure and the abutment 4 of the lower structure. The rubber bearing 100 is configured to absorb seismic energy and horizontal displacement against seismic motion.
In the rubber bearing 100, for example, an upper steel plate 102 is provided on the upper surface of a laminated elastic body 101, a lower steel plate 103 is provided on the lower surface, and a lead plug is attached to the laminated elastic body 101. The outer side of the laminated elastic body 101 is covered with a rubber coating. An upper steel plate 102 and a lower steel plate 103 are fixed via bolts between the bridge body 3 of the upper structure and the abutment 4 of the lower structure, and used as a seismic isolation device.

The laminated elastic body 101 is formed, for example, in the shape of a quadrangular prism, but is not limited to this, and may be in another shape such as a columnar shape. Moreover, the laminated elastic body 101 is configured by laminating an elastic plate and a rigid plate. The number of laminated elastic plates and rigid plates is not particularly limited, and is appropriately determined according to conditions such as the required seismic isolation performance and the height of the installation space. In addition. The rubber bearing 100 is not limited to the configuration described above, and may be one commonly used. Also, in the bridge 2, other bearings can be used in place of the rubber bearings 100. FIG.

Between the bridge body 3 of the bridge 2 equipped with the rubber bearings 100 for seismic isolation and the retaining wall 4a of the abutment 4, an elastic buffer 1 is provided to absorb impact energy and regulate the amount of displacement during an earthquake. This prevents the bridge body 3 and the abutment 4 from being damaged due to collision between the bridge body 3 and the retaining wall 4a of the abutment 4.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2(a) and (b), the elastic cushioning body 1 includes two side cushioning members 10 made of elastic material such as rubber. The side cushioning member 10 is inclined inwardly from the base end 11 toward the tip end 12, and the base end 11 is formed with mounting portions 15 protruding to both sides, and is attached to the retaining wall of the abutment 4 of the lower structure. It is attached to the side of 4a. The side cushioning member 10 has a front end portion 12 formed on a flat surface parallel to the mounting portion 15 to form a pressure receiving portion 13, and the pressure receiving portions 13 on both sides are attached to a metal plate member 30 such as a steel plate, It is arranged so as to abut on the side surface of the bridge body 3 of the upper structure via the vertical flat plate member 30, or to face it with a gap. As a result, the two side cushioning members 10 are connected to form a space 14 having a trapezoidal cross section inside. A counterbore portion (not shown) is formed on the surface of the flat plate member 30, and is attached to a female screw portion (not shown) embedded in the pressure receiving portion 13 with a bolt (not shown). , so that the bridge body 3 and the bolt head do not come into contact with each other.
The elastic material such as rubber of the elastic cushioning body 1 is not limited at all, and natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, etc., which are usually used as cushioning materials, can be widely used.

The elastic cushioning body 1 is placed in the trapezoidal space 14 formed by the two side cushioning members 10,
An internal cushioning member 20 made of an elastic member such as rubber is arranged, and is attached to the side surface of the retaining wall 4a of the abutment 4 of the lower structure via bolts to the attachment portion 24 formed in the base end portion 21. As shown in FIG. A front end portion 22 of the internal cushioning member 20 serves as a pressure receiving portion 23, and a countersunk portion (not shown) formed on the surface of the flat plate member 30 connecting the pressure receiving portions 13 of the two side cushioning members 10. and the pressure-receiving portion 23 are connected by bolts (not shown) via female threads (not shown) embedded in the pressure-receiving portion 23, and the pressure-receiving portions 13 on both sides and the central pressure-receiving portion 23 are connected via the flat plate member 30 shape.

The elastic damping body 1 configured in this way is installed, for example, for damping purposes such as the bridge 2 shown in FIG. .
The elastic buffer 1 is attached to the side surface of the retaining wall 4a of the abutment 4 so as to face the side surface of the bridge body 3. As shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a pressure-receiving structural member 40 is attached to the bridge body 3 of the upper structure so as to protrude downward. Between the side surface 41 of the pressure-receiving structural member 40 and the side surface of the abutment 4, the elastic cushioning body 1 may be installed so as to face each other.
The substructure 4 that constitutes the bridge 2 is not limited to an abutment, and may be a pier.

Characteristics required for the bridge 2 having the elastic buffer 1 will be examined with reference to the relationship between the displacement δ and the load P shown in FIG.
The buffer must absorb a large amount of impact energy when an earthquake occurs, and must prevent the reaction force from the buffer from becoming excessive. In order to absorb the large impact energy at the start of displacement, it is necessary to increase the initial stiffness of the cushioning material. As shown in FIG. It is conceivable to have a characteristic a with a large slope at which the load P is generated. However, if the cushioning material 50 has the characteristic a that is only high in rigidity, the amount of displacement will be small and the reaction force from the cushioning material 50 will be large.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, the cushioning material 60 has the same configuration as the fender installed on the wharf, and the elastic cushioning body 1 of the present application does not have the internal cushioning member 20. This corresponds to the case of only two side cushioning members 10 . As shown in FIG. 6, the cushioning material 60 has a characteristic b that becomes substantially constant after the load P increases in proportion to the increase in the displacement δ, and then the load P increases again for a large displacement δ. . The cushioning material 60 reduces the load (reaction force) P applied to the hull immediately after the start of displacement when the hull comes into contact with the cushioning material 50 made of only the rubber plate, and the initial stiffness of the cushioning material 60 is small and the inclination is small. As a characteristic, in a state where the hull is pushed, a constant load P is ensured with respect to the displacement δ, and large impact energy is absorbed.

In contrast to these cushioning members 50 and 60, in the elastic cushioning body 1, the internal cushioning member 20 is arranged in the space 14 between the two side cushioning members 10, and the attachment portion 24 of the proximal end portion 21 is attached to the side cushioning member 10. , and the pressure receiving portion 23 of the tip portion 22 is attached to the flat plate member 30 . As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the elastic cushioning body 1 has a characteristic c of two side cushioning members 10 when a large load P (impact energy) during an earthquake is applied via the flat plate member 30. The impact force is transmitted to the internal cushioning member 20 at the same time, and the initial rigidity is high (the inclination of the load P with respect to the displacement δ is large) due to the installation of the internal cushioning member 20, and the impact energy due to the large load P during an earthquake can be absorbed. , the displacement .delta. can be regulated by increasing the constant load P compared to the buffer material 60, and damage due to collision between the bridge body 3 and the retaining wall 4a of the abutment 4 can be prevented.

In the elastic cushioning body 1, by adjusting the relationship between the displacement δ of the internal cushioning member 20 and the load P by changing the selection and shape of the elastic material and the thickness of the internal cushioning member 20, the displacement δ of the elastic cushioning body 1 can be adjusted. On the other hand, it is possible to adjust the magnitude of the load P, which is substantially constant, so as to obtain characteristics d, and to adjust the reaction force after deformation.
Furthermore, when changing the impact energy to be absorbed or the amount of displacement to be regulated according to each bridge on which the elastic buffer 1 is installed, the two side shock-absorbing members 10 have the same specifications, and the internal shock-absorbing member 20 It can be easily dealt with by adjusting the thickness of or changing the properties of the elastic material used.
When replacing the elastic cushioning body 1, after removing the flat plate member 30, only the internal cushioning member 20 in the space 14 can be removed and replaced easily.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the elastic cushioning body 1A has a modified shape of the internal cushioning member 20A, and a bent portion 25 is formed in the intermediate portion.
By forming such a bent portion 25, when the load of the elastic cushioning body 1A increases, it becomes easier to buckle at the bent portion 25 compared to a straight one, thereby suppressing the reaction force increased after deformation. can be adjusted.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the elastic cushioning body 1B is constructed by separating two internal cushioning members 20B side by side. configured to fit. The internal cushioning member 20B is attached to the side surface of the retaining wall 4a of the abutment 4 of the substructure (see FIG. 1), for example, by means of bolts via one attachment portion 24B at both separated base ends 21B.
When the load P of the elastic cushioning member 1B becomes large even with such an elastic cushioning member 1B having the separated internal cushioning member 20B, the easiness of buckling is adjusted by bending compared to a straight one. This makes it possible to suppress the reaction force that increases after deformation, and makes it possible to easily adjust the initial stiffness, such as increasing or decreasing it.

In the elastic cushioning bodies 1, 1A, 1B, only the internal cushioning members 20, 20A, 20B are adjusted, but the relationship between the displacement δ of the two side cushioning members 10 and the load P is not limited to this. can be adjusted by changing the selection of the elastic material, the shape, the thickness, etc., and the overall characteristics of the elastic cushioning bodies 1, 1A, 1B and the reaction force after deformation can be adjusted.
In addition, by separating the side cushioning member 10 into two and symmetrically arranging the same ones, one side cushioning member 10 is manufactured, and by inverting and installing, an elastic cushioning body can be obtained. 1, the mold can be small and simple, and can be manufactured efficiently.
Furthermore, when the elastic damping body 1 is applied to the bridge 2, in addition to the case where it is installed in the direction of the bridge axis, by installing the one with the same configuration in the direction perpendicular to the axis, it is possible to reduce the impact energy in the horizontal plane. Absorption and displacement can be regulated, and damage such as collision between the bridge body and abutment, and collapse of the bridge can be prevented.
In addition, the elastic damping body 1 can be applied not only to bridges but also to buildings, such as between a building and a foundation or between buildings divided into upper and lower parts. Energy absorption and displacement can be regulated.

As specifically described above together with the embodiments, the elastic damping body 1 of the present invention is provided between a bridge body (upper structure) 3 and an abutment (lower structure) 4 and comprises an elastic member. An elastic cushioning body 1 that absorbs impact energy and regulates the amount of displacement of relative movement. Two side shock-absorbing members 10 whose distal end 12 serves as the pressure receiving portion 13 of the other, and the space 14 between the two side shock-absorbing members 10, and the base end 21 can be detachably attached to one of the side shock-absorbing members 10. A flat plate member that detachably connects the pressure receiving portion 13 of the two side cushioning members 10 and the pressure receiving portion 23 of the internal cushioning member 20 with the internal cushioning member 20 attached to which the tip portion 22 becomes the pressure receiving portion 23 of the other. 30 , and the internal cushioning member 20 is arranged in the space 14 adjusted by the impact energy absorbed by the elastic cushioning body 1 .
According to such a configuration, two side cushioning members 10 are attached to one of the upper structure 3 and the lower structure 4, and the base end portion 11 is attached to either one of the upper structure 3 and the lower structure 4, and the tip portion 12 is inclined inward as a pressure receiving portion 13 to the other. , the base end portion 2l of the internal cushioning member 20 is detachably attached to either the upper structure 3 or the lower structure 4 in the space 14 between the two side cushioning members 10, and the tip portion 22 is pressure-receiving. As the portion 23, the two pressure receiving portions 13 and 23 are connected by a flat plate member 30, and the shock energy transmitted through the flat plate member 30 by the internal cushioning member 20 at the time of an earthquake is transferred to the initial rigidity. The load can be increased and absorbed, the reaction force can be suppressed without increasing the load during displacement, and damage due to collision between the upper structure 3 and the lower structure 4 can be prevented.
In addition, since the internal cushioning member 20 is separate and removable in the space 14, the elastic cushioning member 1 can be easily replaced by replacing the internal cushioning member 20 alone. Also, by changing the thickness of the internal cushioning member 20 and the elastic material used, it is possible to easily adjust the initial rigidity, absorbed energy, and reaction force. The elastic cushioning body 1 can be transported by disassembling the side cushioning member 10, the internal cushioning member 20, and the flat plate member 30, and is easy to handle, and can be easily assembled and installed.

It is preferable that the internal cushioning member 20A is formed with a bent portion 25 at an intermediate portion in the pressure receiving direction. According to this configuration, the bending portion 25 of the internal cushioning member 20A can easily adjust the initial rigidity, absorbed energy, and reaction force of the elastic cushioning member 1A.

A plurality of internal cushioning members 20B are preferably arranged side by side in the space 14 . According to this configuration, by attaching the internal cushioning member 20B to the space 14 via the attachment portion 24B of the base end portion 21B, it is possible to easily adjust the initial rigidity, absorbed energy, and reaction force of the elastic cushioning body 1B. can be done.

The superstructure 3 and the substructure 4 are the bridge 2 comprising the superstructure 3 and the abutment 4 or the pier. It is preferable to be configured to be able to receive pressure. According to this configuration, by attaching the pressure-receiving structural member 40 to either the bridge body 3 of the upper structure and the abutment 4 or pier of the lower structure, it is easy to secure the installation space for the elastic cushioning body 1, and the degree of freedom is increased. can be installed while preventing interference with other structures.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and each component can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention.

1 elastic buffer 2 bridge 3 bridge body (upper structure)
4 abutment (lower structure)
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 side cushioning member 11 proximal end 12 distal end 13 pressure receiving portion 14 space 15 attachment portion 20 internal cushioning member 21 proximal end portion 22 distal end portion 23 pressure receiving portion 24 attachment portion 25 bending portion 30 flat plate member 40 pressure receiving structural member 41 side surface 20A Internal cushioning member 20B Internal cushioning member 21B Base end portion 24B Mounting portion 100 Rubber bearing

Claims (4)

An elastic cushioning body that is provided between an upper structure and a lower structure and made of an elastic member and that absorbs impact energy and regulates the displacement amount of relative movement,
The elastic cushioning body includes two side cushioning members each having a base end attached to one of the upper structure and the lower structure, inclined inwardly, and a tip end serving as a pressure receiving portion of the other; an internal cushioning member arranged in a space between the two side cushioning members, having a base end detachably attached to one of the side cushioning members and having a tip end serving as a pressure receiving portion of the other of the two side cushioning members; a flat plate member detachably connecting the pressure-receiving portion of the internal cushioning member and the pressure-receiving portion of the internal cushioning member;
The internal cushioning member is arranged in the space with the relationship between the displacement (δ) and the load (P) being adjusted according to the impact energy to be absorbed by the elastic cushioning body.
An elastic cushioning body characterized by: The internal cushioning member is formed with a bent portion at an intermediate portion in the pressure receiving direction,
The elastic cushioning body according to claim 1, characterized by: A plurality of the internal cushioning members are arranged side by side in the space,
The elastic cushioning body according to claim 1, characterized by: The superstructure and the substructure are bridges composed of the superstructure and abutments or piers, and pressure can be received by attaching a pressure-receiving structural member to either the superstructure, the abutments, or the piers. configured to
The elastic cushioning body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:

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