JP7309196B2 - タンパク質蓄積の調節及びその使用 - Google Patents
タンパク質蓄積の調節及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
特定の実施形態において、本方法は、運動ニューロン内で作動可能なプロモーターに作動可能に連結されたサイクリンFをコードする核酸配列を含む構築物を運動ニューロンに導入することを含む。このタイプの例示的な例では、構築物はウイルスベクター(例えば、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクター)の形態である。
1.定義
他に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての技術的及び科学的用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般的に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。さらに、文脈によって別段の要求がない限り、単数形の用語は複数形を含み、複数形の用語は単数形を含むものとする。本明細書に記載のものと類似又は同等の任意の方法及び材料を本発明の実施又は試験に使用することができるが、好ましい方法及び材料が記載されている。本発明の目的のために、以下の用語を以下に定義する。
以下の省略は、本出願を通じて使用される。
MND=運動ニューロン疾患
ALS=筋萎縮性側索硬化症
FTD=前頭側頭型認知症
hr=時間
min=分
s=秒
本開示は、とりわけ、MND患者のサブセットが、サイクリンFの異常に低いレベル又は活性,及び異常なタンパク質蓄積を有する運動ニューロンを有すること、及びサイクリンF補給が運動ニューロンにおける異常なタンパク質蓄積を抑制し、運動ニューロンの変性を抑制し、運動ニューロンの生存を促進し得ることを実証する。
本発明は、運動ニューロンにおけるサイクリンFのレベル又は活性を増強又は増加させ、それによって運動ニューロンの生存を促進し、運動ニューロンの変性を抑制し、運動ニューロンにおける異常なタンパク質蓄積を抑制する任意の薬剤を企図する。いくつかの実施形態において、サイクリンFのレベル又は活性を増強する薬剤は、対照と比較して、サイクリンFのレベル又は活性を少なくとも5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、もしくは95%、又は少なくとも1、2、3、5、10、20、50、又は100倍増加させる。
本発明はまた、適切なスクリーニングアッセイを用いて同定されるサイクリンF増強剤を企図する。同定された薬剤は、本明細書に記載されている特徴又は効果のいずれかを有することが提案されている。例えば、本明細書に記載のスクリーニングアッセイによって同定された薬剤は、運動ニューロン生存の促進、運動ニューロン変性の阻害、運動ニューロンにおける異常タンパク質蓄積の阻害、及び/又は神経変性状態(例えばALS又はFTD)の治療もしくは予防における使用に適切であり得る。例えば、運動ニューロンの生存を増加させ、運動ニューロンの変性を阻害し、又は運動ニューロンにおける異常なタンパク質蓄積を阻害するための候補薬剤は、運動ニューロン又は運動ニューロンの代用物である細胞(本明細書では「代用細胞」とも呼ばれる)に対する対象剤の効果を決定することによって同定できる。ここで、サイクリンFのレベル又は活性が低下していて、及び/又は神経変性状態の発症に関連する別の遺伝子(例えば、TDP-43又は凝集を受けやすい別のタンパク質、例えば、SOD1)は発現されるか又は過剰発現され、対象剤の存在下で対照と比較してより多くの運動ニューロン又は代用細胞は、対象剤が運動ニューロン生存を促進し、運動ニューロン変性を阻害し、運動ニューロンにおける異常タンパク質蓄積を阻害できることを示す。
例えば本明細書に記載される、運動ニューロンもしくは運動ニューロンの代わりに適切である非運動ニューロン細胞(本明細書では「代用細胞」とも呼ばれる)などの細胞、又は運動ニューロンもしくは代用細胞を含む細胞の集団は、細胞培養物中で、例えばインビトロ又はエクスビボで本明細書に記載の薬剤と接触させることができ、又は例えばインビボで対象に投与することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載のものを含む神経変性状態を治療、予防及び/又は診断するために、本明細書に記載の薬剤を対象に投与することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載の化合物及び/又は薬剤は、ALSを治療、予防及び/又は診断するために対象に投与することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載の化合物及び/又は薬剤は、FTDを治療、予防及び/又は診断するために対象に投与することができる。
Lou Gehrig病又は古典的運動ニューロン疾患とも呼ばれる筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)は、進行性の、最終的には致命的な障害であり、最終的にすべての随意筋へのシグナルを破壊する。米国では、医師は運動ニューロン疾患とALSという用語を同じ意味で使用している。上部運動ニューロンと下部運動ニューロンの両方が影響を受ける。古典的なALSを患っている人々の約75%は、球根筋(発話、嚥下、及び咀嚼を制御する筋肉)の衰弱及び消耗も発症する。症状は、通常、腕、手、足、又は嚥下筋に最初に見られる。筋力低下と萎縮は、体の両側で過度に発生する。影響を受けた個人は力と腕、脚、そして体を動かす能力を失う。他の症状には、痙縮、誇張された反射、筋肉のけいれん、束縛、飲み込みや言葉の形成に関する問題の増加などがある。発話が曖昧になったり鼻腔内になることがある。横隔膜と胸壁の筋肉が適切に機能しなくなると、ヒトは機械的な支援なしで呼吸する能力を失う。この病気は通常、人の心や性格を損なうことはないが、最近のいくつかの研究では、ALS患者の中には意思決定や記憶の問題などの認知機能に変化をもたらす可能性があるものがある。ALSは最も一般的には40~60歳の間の人々を襲うが、若年及び高齢の人々もまたこの疾患を発症し得る。男性は女性よりも頻繁に影響を受ける。ALSのほとんどの症例は散発的に起こり、それらの個人の家族は病気を発症するリスクが高いとは考えられていない。しかしながら、成人には家族型ALSがあり、これはしばしばRNA代謝に関与する遺伝子(例えばTDP43及びFUS)及びタンパク質分解(例えばUBQLN2、TBK1及びCCNF)の突然変異から生じる。さらに、まれな若年発症型ALSは遺伝的である。ALS患者の大部分は、呼吸不全で死亡し、通常症状の発症から3~5年以内に死亡する。しかしながら、罹患者の約10%が10年以上生存している。
前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)は前頭側頭葉及び/又は側頭葉を主に含む進行性のニューロンの喪失、及び紡錘体ニューロンの70%を超える典型的な喪失を特徴とする前頭側頭葉変性の臨床症状であるが、他のニューロン型は無傷のままである。FTDでは、前頭葉及び側頭葉の一部が萎縮又は縮小する。脳の前頭葉及び側頭葉は、一般に人格、行動及び言語に関連している。一般的な徴候や症状は、影響を受ける脳の部分によって異なる。FTDのヒトの中には、性格が劇的に変化して社会的に不適切、衝動的又は感情的に無関心になる人もいれば、言語を使用する能力を失う人もいる。徴候や症状には、社会的及び個人的行動の著しい変化、無関心、感情の鈍化、表現言語と受容言語の両方の欠如が含まれる。現在、FTDの治療法はないが、症状を軽減するのに役立つ治療法がある。
脊髄性筋萎縮症(SMA)は、全てが遺伝的原因及び脊髄及び脳幹の運動ニューロンの喪失による衰弱の発現を共通に有する、いくつかの異なる障害を指す。骨格筋の脱力及び消耗は、脊髄の前角細胞の進行性の変性によって引き起こされる。この弱さは腕よりも脚のほうがより深刻である。SMAは、発症年齢、遺伝のパターン、症状の重症度や進行度など、さまざまな形態をとる。一般的なSMAのいくつかを以下に説明する。
本開示のある態様は、神経変性状態及び/又は運動ニューロン変性を特徴とする状態を診断するための診断試験及び方法に関する。本開示の他の態様は、対象における神経変性状態の進行をモニターするための方法、及び対象における神経変性状態の進行を減少させることにおける治療の有効性をモニターする方法に関する。
本発明のある態様は、神経変性状態、及び運動ニューロン変性によって特徴付けられる状態を治療するための方法に関する。
対象への投与のために、本明細書に記載の薬剤は、経口的に、非経口的に、例えば皮下に、静脈内に、筋肉内に、腹腔内に、鼻腔内点滴注入によって、又は鼻、喉及び気管支の粘膜などの粘膜への適用によって投与することができる。脊髄神経膠細胞などの神経系を標的とするための1つの方法は、髄腔内送達によるものである。標的薬剤は周囲のCSF及び/又は組織に放出され、放出された化合物は急性髄腔内注射直後に脊髄実質に浸透することができる。CNS送達を含む薬剤送達戦略に関する包括的な概説については、全内容が参照により本明細書に組み込まれるHo et al., Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. (1999), 1:336-3443; Groothuis et al., J. Neuro Virol. (1997), 3:387-400; Jan, Drug Delivery Systmes: Technologies and Commercial Opportunities, Decision Resources, 1998を参照されたい。
本明細書に記載の薬剤はキットで提供することができる。キットは、(a)薬剤、例えば薬剤を含む組成物、及び(b)情報資料を含む。情報資料は、本明細書に記載の方法及び/又は本明細書に記載の方法のための薬剤の使用に関連する説明的、説明的、マーケティング的又は他の資料であり得る。例えば、情報資料は、運動ニューロンの生存を促進し、神経変性状態(例えば、ALS又はFTD)、又は神経変性状態の少なくとも1つの症状、又は運動ニューロンの機能不全もしくは減少に関連する状態を治療又は予防するための薬剤の投与方法を記載する。
BioIdとIpは、サイクリンFの相互作用パートナーとして内因性TDP-43を同定する
生きているHEK293細胞において、内因性タンパク質をBioID-サイクリンFによって標識した(図1)。ビオチン化タンパク質をストレプトアビジンビーズを用いて精製し、トリプシン消化し、質量分析法を用いて同定した。ラベルフリーアプローチを用いて、BioID/MSとIP/MSの間で共通しているタンパク質を同定した。IgG対照に結合したタンパク質をタンパク質混入物とみなした。このアプローチを用いて、ユビキチンリガーゼ活性に必要とされるサイクリンFの安定な相互薬剤(Skp1及びCul1)を同定することが可能であった。さらに、43kDaのTARDNA結合タンパク質(TDP43)に属するペプチドが注目され、この結果はイムノブロッティングを用いて確認された(図1)。
TDP-43は、T-REx Flp-In HEK293細胞において安定的に過剰発現され、かなりのレベルの細胞内TDP43をもたらした。mCherry-サイクリンFをこれらの細胞に一過性にトランスフェクトした場合(一部の細胞のみがmCherry-サイクリンFを発現するように)、より低いTDP-43強度がmCherry-サイクリンFを同時発現する細胞に存在することがわかった(図3)。逆に、安定的にトランスフェクトされたTDP43 T-REx Flp-In HEK293細胞において内因性サイクリンFがサイレンシングされた(siRNAを用いて)場合、TDP-43のレベルはsiRNA非影響細胞と比較して増加した(ネガティブコントロール)(図4)。散発性ALS患者組織では、健常対照組織と比較して、運動ニューロンにおいて低レベルのサイクリンF発現が観察された(図5)。
BioID
簡単に説明すると、FLAG-BirA*-サイクリンFをコードする遺伝子をpcDNA5/FRT/TO発現ベクターにクローニングした。FLAG-BirA*-サイクリンFを安定的に発現するHEK293細胞を、Flp-InT-Rexシステム(Invitrogen)を用いて作製した。安定にトランスフェクトした細胞を、10%FBS、抗生物質(100mg/mLストレプトマイシン及び100U/mLペニシリン)及び200μg/mLのハイグロマイシンBゴールド(InvivoGen)を含むDMEM中で選択し、5%CO2及び湿度95%。の37℃インキュベーター中に保持した。内因性タンパク質の遺伝子発現及びビオチン化のために、1μg/mLのテトラサイクリン(Sigma)及び50μg/mLのビオチン(Sigma)を細胞培養培地に同時に添加した。24時間後、細胞を氷冷PBS中に回収し、3000×gで3分間ペレット化した。ペレットをPBSで2回洗浄し、-80℃で急速冷凍した。細胞ペレットを修飾RIPA溶解緩衝液(50mM Tris-HClpH7.5、150mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、1mM EGTA、1%TritonX-100、0.1%SDS、ターボヌクレアーゼ及びプロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル(Roche))中で4℃で1時間溶解した。その後、プローブを超音波処理し(10秒、設定3、BransonSonifier450)、タンパク質凝集体を破壊する。溶解物を35,000×gで30分間遠心分離した。上清をストレプトアビジン結合磁気ビーズ(GEHealthcare)と共に4℃で3時間インキュベートした。磁石を使用して磁気ビーズを再捕捉し、次いで50mMの炭酸アンモニウムアンモニウム(pH8.3)中で6回洗浄した。ビーズによって捕捉されたタンパク質を10mMジチオトレイトール中で50℃で30分間還元した。アルキル化のために、25mMのヨードアセトアミドを室温で細胞溶解物に添加した。試料を30分間暗所に保管した。アルキル化した後、試料を37℃で一晩トリプシン消化(シークエンシンググレードの修飾トリプシン、Promega)に供した。トリプシンペプチドを含有する上清を集め、乾燥した。凍結乾燥ペプチドを0.1%ギ酸に再懸濁し、MSを用いて分析した。
HEK293又はNeuro-2A細胞のいずれかに、リポフェクタミン2000を用いてmCherry-サイクリンF、Flag-サイクリンF又はTDP-43-HAをコードする構築物をトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクトした細胞を24時間後に回収し、細胞ペレットをNP40溶解緩衝液(1%(v/v)Nonidet P-40、トリス緩衝食塩水(TBS)、2mM EDTA、cOmpleteプロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル及びphosSTOP(Roche))に再懸濁した。細胞再懸濁物をプローブ音波処理(10秒間、設定3、Branson Sonifier 450)してタンパク質凝集体を破壊した。得られた溶解物を14,000×gで30分間遠心分離して細胞片を除去した。各上清の500μgアリコートを2μgの抗FLAG M2(Sigma)、1μgの抗mCherry(Clontech)又は1μgの抗TDP43(Abnova)のいずれかと共に4℃で1時間インキュベートした。抗体-タンパク質複合体を捕捉するために、上清をプロテインA/G磁気ビーズ(Pierce)と共に4℃で2時間インキュベートした。磁石を使用してビーズを集め、そしてNP40溶解緩衝液中で3回洗浄した。ウエスタンブロット分析のために、ビーズを30mMDTTを含有する1×LDS緩衝液に再懸濁し、そして95℃で5分間煮沸した。
等量のタンパク質を4~12%ビスートリスSDS PAGEゲル上で分離した。トランスブロットターボセミドライトランスファーセルを用いてタンパク質をニトロセルロースメンブレンに転写した。一次抗体と共に4℃で一晩又は室温で1時間インキュベートする前に、膜をPBST中5%粉乳中で30分間ブロックした。この研究に用いた一次抗体は、ウサギポリクローナル抗サイクリンF(1:300;カタログ番号sc-952、サンタクルーズバイオテクノロジー)、マウスモノクローナル抗mCherry(1:300;カタログ番号632543、Clontech)、マウスモノクローナル抗TDP-43(1:1000;カタログ番号H00023435-M01、Abnova)、マウスモノクローナルβ-チューブリン(1:1000;カタログ番号T5168、Sigma)であった。インキュベーション後、膜をPBS-T中で10分間3回洗浄した後、蛍光標識したIRDye800CWを用いた。ヤギ抗ウサギIgG(1:15,000;カタログ番号926-32211、LI-COR)二次抗体をRTで30分間適用した。タンパク質をLi-CorOdysseyイメージングシステムを用いて適切な波長で画像化した。
HAタグ付きTDP-43を安定的に発現するHEK293 Flp-In T-Rex細胞をカバーガラス上で増殖させ、次いでLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen)を用いてmCherry-サイクリンFをコードする構築物でトランスフェクトした。24時間後、細胞を4%ホルムアルデヒド中で15分間固定し、そしてPBS中で洗浄した。細胞を0.2%トリトンX-100を含有するPBSを用いて10分間透過処理し、次いで0.2Mグリシンを含む1%BSA-PBSTを用いて30分間ブロックした。透過処理した細胞を1:1000の抗TDP-43(ProteinTech)と共に4℃で一晩インキュベートした。次いで、試料を種特異的なAlexa Fluor488、次いでHoechstと共にインキュベートした。mCherry-サイクリンF及びTDP-43をZeiss顕微鏡を用いて画像化した。
野生型ccnf導入遺伝子の発現はALSに関連する突然変異TDP-43対立遺伝子を発現するニューロンにおけるTDP-43の病理学的レベルを低下させる
TDP-43A315Tマウスは、ニューロン誘導性プロモーター系の制御下で病原性A315T ALS突然変異を有するヒトTDP-43を発現する(Keら、2015、上記)。ドキシサイクリン(Dox)の非存在下では、TDP-43A315Tマウスは、運動皮質及び脊髄を含むCNSのニューロンにおいて導入遺伝子を発現する。TDP-43A315Tマウスは、早期発症型及び進行性の運動障害及び筋萎縮を発症する。生化学的には、不溶性の細胞質TDP-43の蓄積が、著しい神経細胞の喪失と共にTDP-43A315Tマウスにおいて見られた。
Claims (9)
- 対照と比較してサイクリンFのレベル及び活性が低下した運動ニューロンを有する対象における神経変性状態を治療するための組成物の製造における、サイクリンFをコードする核酸配列の発現を増加又は刺激する薬剤の使用であって、ここで、神経変性状態が筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)及び前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)から選択され、前記薬剤が、運動ニューロンにおいて作動可能であるプロモーターに作動可能に連結されたサイクリンFをコードする核酸配列を含む構築物を含む、使用。
- 前記構築物がウイルスベクターの形態である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記ベクターがアデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターである、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記治療が、対照と比較してサイクリンFのレベル及び活性が低下した運動ニューロンの変性を阻害することを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記治療が、対照と比較してサイクリンFのレベル及び活性が低下した運動ニューロンにおける、不溶性TDP-43の細胞質蓄積を阻害することを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記治療が、対照と比較してサイクリンFのレベル及び活性が低下した運動ニューロンの生存を促進することを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 対照と比較してサイクリンFのレベル及び活性が低下した運動ニューロンにおける不溶性TDP-43の細胞質蓄積を阻害するための組成物の製造における、サイクリンFをコードする核酸配列の発現を増加又は刺激する薬剤の使用であって、前記薬剤が、運動ニューロンにおいて作動可能であるプロモーターに作動可能に連結されたサイクリンFをコードする核酸配列を含む構築物を含む、使用。
- 前記構築物がウイルスベクターの形態である、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 前記ベクターがアデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターである、請求項8に記載の使用。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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