JP7272313B2 - Plant cultivation method and apparatus using sphagnum moss - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and apparatus using sphagnum moss, and in particular, a plant cultivating method using sphagnum that prevents sphagnum from entangling harvested parts of the plant (mainly above-ground parts such as leaves and fruits) during harvesting. and apparatus.

Sphagnum moss has both water retentivity and air permeability, and has ion exchange ability, pH adjustment ability, and antibacterial action. Therefore, sphagnum moss is suitable as a culture medium for some plants. When sphagnum moss is used as a medium, water is supplied to the plants through the sphagnum moss, so it is extremely difficult to manage moisture and fertilizer in normal cultivation methods, and plants whose growth is significantly inhibited by algae and bacteria. However, it can be cultivated by using sphagnum moss. In particular, plants of the Orchidaceae family and Droserae family are cultivated in contact with sphagnum moss rather than directly supplied with general water such as tap water or river water, and the growth is promoted by absorbing water through sphagnum moss. .

Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method of cultivating growing sphagnum moss using dry sphagnum moss in contact with water as a cultivation substrate without direct contact between water and plants, and cultivating plants using the growing sphagnum moss and dried sphagnum moss as a medium. That is, in Patent Literature 1, a float is floated on stored water to allow sphagnum moss to absorb the water. Further, in Patent Document 2, sphagnum moss is held in a flat or wall-mounted cultivator, part of the sphagnum is immersed in water stored in the container to absorb water, or the sphagnum sphagnum is held on the slope from above the slope. Water is drained and absorbed.

Japanese Patent No. 4636455 International Publication No. WO2006/137544 (Fig. 6 (2))

However, in these methods of cultivating plants in contact with sphagnum moss, the fibers of sphagnum moss have a complex shape, so sphagnum sphagnum tends to become entangled at the time of harvesting, and contamination with foreign matter reduces the quality of the harvested product. It had problems such as requiring a great deal of labor to remove it.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the sphagnum moss does not entangle the plant at the time of harvesting, and the quality of the harvest such as leaves and fruits is reduced by contamination with foreign matter, and the sphagnum is removed. To provide a method and an apparatus for cultivating a plant using sphagnum moss without requiring much labor.

In the present invention, a molding medium is covered with sphagnum moss and a plant is grown on the molding medium.

A molded medium refers to a material for plant cultivation that has been processed using binders and fibers so that the structure does not easily collapse. Excludes simple soil or soil that is simply pressed in by hand or machine, finely divided constituent elements such as rock wool granules, sand, coconut shells, and coconut shell fibers. Any molded material such as rock wool or phenolic foamed resin may be used, but rock wool, which has many irregularities on the surface, is preferable because the plant body is less likely to dry.

Cloth (referred to as cultivation cloth) can be substituted for the molding medium. A molded medium is desirable because cloth with large unevenness on the surface tends to get entangled in the harvested material.

It is sufficient that the portion between the water or aqueous solution supply portion and the molding medium or cultivation cloth is completely covered with sphagnum moss, and the side that does not come into contact with the upstream of the water or aqueous solution supply as viewed from the molding medium or cultivation cloth is covered with sphagnum moss. No need.

The sphagnum moss may be live sphagnum moss or dried sphagnum moss.

It is necessary that the sphagnum moss and the molding medium or the cultivation cloth are in close contact, and when a water surface is formed on and around the sphagnum moss, the molding medium or the cultivation cloth, the algae propagate, and the algae spread on the molding medium or the cultivation cloth by capillary action. It is not preferable because it migrates and inhibits plant growth.

The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and when cultivating a plant using sphagnum moss, a molding medium or cultivation cloth in which materials for cultivating plants are molded is used. At least the inflow side of the water or aqueous solution, excluding the upper surface, is covered with sphagnum moss to supply the water or aqueous solution so that the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth is not directly affected, and the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth is supplied. The above problems are solved by a plant cultivation method using sphagnum moss, which is characterized in that the plant is planted in the sphagnum moss to prevent the plant from coming into direct contact with the sphagnum moss and water or aqueous solution.

The present invention also provides a plant cultivating apparatus using sphagnum moss, comprising a molded culture medium or cultivation cloth in which materials for cultivating plants are molded, and at least an inflow side of water or an aqueous solution excluding the upper surface of the molded culture medium or cultivation cloth. and a sphagnum moss for supplying water or an aqueous solution so that the water or aqueous solution does not directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth, and the plant on the upper surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth is planted so that the plants are prevented from coming into direct contact with the sphagnum moss and water or aqueous solution.

Here, the sphagnum moss and the molding medium or the cultivation cloth can be brought into close contact so that no water surface or liquid surface is formed on the sphagnum moss and between the sphagnum moss and the molding medium or the cultivation cloth.

In addition, the sphagnum moss is arranged horizontally on a mount that does not allow water or aqueous solution to pass through and does not store water or aqueous solution, and the upper surface of the sphagnum moss and the bottom surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth are brought into close contact, The water or aqueous solution can be supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth.

Also, a water-permeable auxiliary cloth can be arranged on the bottom surface of the sphagnum moss.

In addition, the sphagnum moss is arranged on a pedestal that is arranged with an inclination and impermeable to water or an aqueous solution, the side surface of the sphagnum moss and the side surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth are brought into close contact, and the molding medium is formed. Alternatively, the water or aqueous solution can be supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the cultivation cloth.

Alternatively, the sphagnum moss is placed in a water tank or liquid tank, the top surface and side surfaces of the sphagnum moss are brought into close contact with the bottom surface and side surfaces of the molding medium or cultivation cloth, and water or an aqueous solution is directly applied to the top surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth. Water or an aqueous solution can be supplied so that the

According to the present invention, by planting the plants on the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth, the sphagnum moss and the plant are prevented from coming into direct contact with each other. The quality of sphagnum moss is not deteriorated, and the removal of sphagnum moss does not require much labor.

Here, although the plant and sphagnum moss are not in direct contact, the plant is supplied only with water or an aqueous solution through the sphagnum moss, so that it is possible to obtain the same advantages as when cultivating on sphagnum moss.

On the other hand, since the plant and the sphagnum moss are not in contact with each other, the molding medium and the cultivation cloth do not cling to harvested parts such as leaves and fruits, so there is no need to remove contaminants at the time of harvesting.

1 is a side view showing the overall configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. Plan view as well Time chart showing examples of irrigation pattern and wetness The side view which shows the whole structure of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Plan view as well (A) Side view and (B) plan view showing a comparative example The side view which shows the whole structure of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Plan view as well (A) Side view and (B) plan view showing a comparative example The side view which shows the whole structure of 4th Embodiment of this invention. Plan view as well The side view which shows the whole structure of 5th Embodiment of this invention. Enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part showing the same action

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the present invention is not limited by the contents described in the following embodiments and examples. In addition, the configuration requirements in the embodiments and examples described below include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that fall within the so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the constituent elements disclosed in the embodiments and examples described below may be combined as appropriate, or may be selected and used as appropriate.

The plant cultivation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, which uses a bottom water supply system that does not store water, is horizontally arranged as shown in FIG. 1 (side view) and FIG. 2 (plan view). A pedestal 10 which does not pass water or aqueous solution and does not store water or aqueous solution, a liquid supply tube 12 arranged on the pedestal 10, and sphagnum moss (for example, dry sphagnum moss) arranged on the liquid supply tube 12 16, a molding medium 18 arranged on the sphagnum moss 16, and a liquid supply for supplying water or an aqueous solution from the liquid supply tube 12 to a cultivated plant (for example, sundew) 20 planted on the molding medium 18. A tank 24 and a liquid supply pump 22 are provided.

As the frame 10, for example, foamed polystyrene, which has heat insulation performance and is inexpensive, can be used.

As the liquid supply tube 12, for example, a perforated tube made of polyethylene may be used in which, for example, one or more rows of holes are opened in a straight, spiral, or zigzag manner in the longitudinal direction, depending on the amount of water to be supplied. can.

The sphagnum moss 16 may be live sphagnum moss or a sphagnum moss material obtained by reabsorbing dried sphagnum moss.

The sphagnum moss 16 is preferably 100% sphagnum moss, but may be a mixture (mixed material) in which other materials are mixed as long as the sphagnum moss is mostly sphagnum moss.

Examples of other materials include peat moss, coconut shell, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, soil, sand, polymeric resins, and the like. Also, the other materials may be in the form of fibers, chips, or the like, and are not particularly limited.

The sphagnum moss 16 needs to have a high sphagnum moss content to the extent that the sphagnum moss does not interfere with water absorption to the plant cultivation surface, and it is desirable that the sphagnum moss content is at least 50% or more.

As the molding medium 18, for example, rock wool or phenolic foamed resin can be hardened using a binder or fiber.

In use, the liquid supply tube 12 is installed on the mount 10, the sphagnum moss 16 is laid thereon, and the cultivated plant 20 is planted on the molding medium 18 arranged on the sphagnum moss 16. - 特許庁The cultivated plant 20 has part of the plant body including roots buried in the molding medium 18 and at least part of the leaves exposed on the molding medium 18 . Roots of the cultivated plant 20 penetrate into the molding medium 18, but since the roots are not harvested, there is no problem.

The height of the molding medium 18 and the depth of embedding in the sphagnum moss 16 are arbitrary.

The upper surface of the molding medium 18 can be several centimeters above the sphagnum moss 16 in order to prevent the sphagnum moss 16 from contacting the cultivated plant 20 .

Water or an aqueous solution remaining on the pedestal 10 when water is supplied can be drained from the side or end of the pedestal 10 . It can be collected and reused.

Liquid fertilizer can also be added to the feed tank 24 .

The water supply tube 12 may be a perforated polyethylene tube, a soft drip tube that expands when water is not supplied, or a rigid drip tube that expands when water is not supplied, or a drip tube that is flattened when water is not supplied. A perforated metallic or non-metallic pipe or the like can be used. It is not limited as long as it can supply an aqueous solution containing water or a nutrient solution.

The method of supplying water or an aqueous solution containing a nutrient solution may be continuous or intermittent, but in the intermittent method the amount and frequency of water or an aqueous solution containing a nutrient solution is adjusted according to changes in plant growth and environmental conditions. It is desirable because it can be done. That is, in the case of intermittent watering, as shown in FIG. 3, examples of the watering pattern and how wet the water is, may be a small amount and high frequency shown in (A), a small amount and low frequency shown in (B), or a large amount and large amount shown in (C). It is possible to set the frequency, or to set the frequency to a large amount and to a small frequency as shown in (D), and it is excellent in controllability.

Next, FIG. 4 (side view) and FIG. 5 (plan view) show a second embodiment of the present invention, which is a flow-down system.

In this embodiment, in the same apparatus as in the first embodiment, the pedestal 10 is tilted so that the water or aqueous solution flows down on the pedestal 10 so that the water or aqueous solution is supplied from the side of the molded medium 18. It is what I did.

In this embodiment, the molded medium 18 is placed directly on the pedestal 10 and water or aqueous solution is supplied from the sphagnum moss 16 around the sides of the molded medium 18 .

In both the first and second embodiments, the sphagnum moss 16 and the molded medium 18 are brought into close contact so that no water surface is formed around the molded medium 18 . This is because, as exemplified in FIG. 6, when there is a water surface around the molding medium 18, algae propagate and migrate onto the molding medium 18 by capillary action, inhibiting the growth of the cultivated plants 20. FIG.

Next, FIG. 7 (side view) and FIG. 8 (plan view) show a third embodiment of the present invention, which is a liquid bath system.

In this embodiment, in the same apparatus as in the first embodiment, a liquid tank 26 is provided instead of the pedestal 10, and the sphagnum moss 16 and the molded culture medium 18 are placed in the liquid tank 26, so that the bottom surface of the molded culture medium 18 and the Water or an aqueous solution is supplied from both sides.

Here, the height of the drainage port 28 is set so that the water level in the liquid tank 26 does not rise above the sphagnum moss 16 . This is because, as exemplified in FIG. 9, when the water surface is present on the sphagnum moss 16, algae propagate and migrate onto the molding medium 18 by capillary action, inhibiting the growth of the cultivated plant 20. FIG.

Next, FIG. 10 (side view) and FIG. Figure).

As the cultivation cloth 30, it is desirable to use a cloth having a non-smooth surface, a coarse mesh, and a surface that does not have excessive unevenness.

Since other points are the same as the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

This method of using the cultivation cloth 30 is particularly suitable for cultivated plants such as epiphytic orchids.

Next, FIG. 12 (side view) shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention in which an auxiliary cloth 32 is inserted between the pedestal 10 and the sphagnum moss 16 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, in which water is not stored by bottom water supply. .

As the auxiliary cloth 32, for example, polyester long-fiber nonwoven fabric can be used. By using this auxiliary cloth 32, the entire sphagnum moss 16 can be moistened more evenly. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the water or aqueous solution flowing out from the liquid supply tube 12 is absorbed by the auxiliary cloth 32 as indicated by the arrow W1. Next, the auxiliary cloth 32 quickly spreads the water or aqueous solution over the bottom surface of the sphagnum moss 16 as indicated by arrow W2. Next, the sphagnum moss 16 absorbs water or aqueous solution from the auxiliary cloth 32 as indicated by the arrow W3, and the whole becomes wet. Although the auxiliary cloth 32 has a small water storage capacity, it absorbs water quickly due to capillary action, and the movement of water or aqueous solution in the auxiliary cloth 32 indicated by the arrow W2 is fast. As a result, the sphagnum moss 16 has a strong ability to absorb water or an aqueous solution and can retain a large amount of water or an aqueous solution, but can compensate for the drawback of the sphagnum moss 16 that the movement of the water or aqueous solution is slow.

The auxiliary cloth 32 is preferably a nonwoven fabric that does not allow the flow of water or an aqueous solution to be biased due to the texture, but is not limited to a nonwoven fabric.

In addition, in the first, fourth, and fifth embodiments, the water or aqueous solution supplied onto the pedestal 10 is drained from the side or end of the pedestal 10, but the drainage method is limited to this. Alternatively, for example, a cut is provided in the upper surface of the pedestal 10 parallel to the liquid supply tube 12 to form a drainage groove, or the end of the auxiliary cloth 32 is overhanged from the end of the pedestal 10 to form an overhang for drainage. It is also possible to In this case, drainage can be promoted without processing the frame 10 .

In the above-described embodiment, the cultivated plant is sundew and the sphagnum is dried sphagnum, but the cultivated plant and the type of sphagnum moss are not limited to this.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Mounting frame 12... Liquid supply tube 16... Sphagnum moss 18... Molding medium 20... Cultivated plant 22... Liquid supply pump 24... Liquid supply tank 26... Liquid tank 28... Drain port 30... Cultivation cloth 32... Auxiliary cloth

Claims (12)

When cultivating plants using sphagnum moss,
Using a molded medium or cultivation cloth in which materials for plant cultivation are molded,
At least the inflow side of the water or aqueous solution excluding the upper surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth is covered with sphagnum moss, and the water or aqueous solution is supplied so that the upper surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth does not directly reach the water or aqueous solution,
A method for cultivating a plant using sphagnum moss, characterized in that the sphagnum moss and the water or aqueous solution are prevented from coming into direct contact with the plant by planting the plant on the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. 2. The sphagnum moss and the molding medium or the cultivation cloth are brought into close contact so that no water surface or liquid surface is formed on the sphagnum moss and between the sphagnum moss and the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. A plant cultivation method using the sphagnum moss described in 1. disposing the sphagnum moss on a horizontally disposed pedestal that does not let water or aqueous solution pass through and does not store water or aqueous solution;
bringing the top surface of the sphagnum moss into close contact with the bottom surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth,
3. The method for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 2, wherein the water or the aqueous solution is supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. 4. The method for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 3, wherein a water-permeable auxiliary cloth is arranged on the bottom surface of said sphagnum moss. The sphagnum moss is arranged on a pedestal which is arranged with an inclination and impermeable to water or an aqueous solution,
bringing the side surface of the sphagnum moss into close contact with the side surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth,
3. The method for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 2, wherein the water or the aqueous solution is supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. Disposing the sphagnum moss in a water tank or a liquid tank,
bringing the top and side surfaces of the sphagnum moss into close contact with the bottom and side surfaces of the molding medium or cultivation cloth;
3. The method for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 2, wherein the water or the aqueous solution is supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. A plant cultivation apparatus using sphagnum moss,
A molding medium or cultivation cloth in which materials for plant cultivation are molded,
Water or aqueous solution is supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth, which is arranged to cover at least the inflow side of the water or aqueous solution except the upper surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth. with sphagnum moss for
A plant cultivating apparatus using sphagnum moss, wherein the sphagnum moss and the water or aqueous solution are prevented from directly contacting the plant by planting the plant on the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. The sphagnum moss and the molding medium or the cultivation cloth are in close contact so that no water surface or liquid surface is formed on the sphagnum moss and between the sphagnum moss and the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. Item 8. A plant cultivation apparatus using the sphagnum moss according to Item 7. The sphagnum moss is arranged on a horizontally arranged pedestal that does not pass water or aqueous solution and does not store water or aqueous solution,
The upper surface of the sphagnum moss and the bottom surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth are brought into close contact,
9. The apparatus for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 8, wherein the water or the aqueous solution is supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. 10. The apparatus for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 9, wherein a water-permeable auxiliary cloth is disposed on the bottom surface of said sphagnum moss. The sphagnum moss is arranged on a pedestal that is arranged with an inclination and impermeable to water or an aqueous solution,
The side surface of the sphagnum moss and the side surface of the molding medium or cultivation cloth are brought into close contact,
9. The apparatus for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 8, wherein the water or the aqueous solution is supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth. The sphagnum moss is arranged in a water tank or a liquid tank,
The top and side surfaces of the sphagnum moss and the bottom and side surfaces of the molding medium or cultivation cloth are brought into close contact,
9. The apparatus for cultivating plants using sphagnum moss according to claim 8, wherein the water or the aqueous solution is supplied so as not to directly reach the upper surface of the molding medium or the cultivation cloth.

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