JP7271587B2 - Concrete block for artificial upwelling mound reef - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a concrete block (upwelling block) for an artificial upwelling mound reef that can induce upwelling to fertilize sea areas and form good fishing grounds where fish and shellfish gather.

In recent years, for the purpose of recovering, maintaining, and increasing fishery resources, construction work is being carried out to create a mound reef by piling up a large number of concrete blocks on the seabed at a depth of about 100 to 200m. By creating a mound reef on the deep seabed, upwelling currents (flows of seawater rising from the depths to the surface) can be induced, and the abundant nutrients contained in deep water can be supplied to the surface. As a result, we can expect the fertilization of the sea area and the formation of good fishing grounds where seafood gathers.

When forming an artificial upwelling mound reef on a deep seabed, a large amount of upwelling blocks are transported by barge to the planned position on the sea (for example, the position directly above the planned position) and thrown into the sea. , subsidence, and upwelling blocks piled up in a mountain shape at the planned position on the seabed.

Design Registration No. 1433149 Design Registration No. 1433150 Design Registration No. 1433151 Design registration No. 1433363 Design Registration No. 1433364 JP 2011-250747 A

As a conventional general upwelling block, a block (cube type) having the same outer diameter dimensions (width, depth, and height dimensions) in all three directions is known. The upwelling block has a problem with bottoming accuracy. Specifically, when a cube-shaped upwelling block is thrown from the sea, it is difficult to sink straight into the sea, resulting in a situation in which many blocks spread around the planned location. In order to build a mound reef with the size as designed, more blocks than the planned quantity are required, which causes the problem of increased construction costs including material costs and construction period.

There is also an upwelling block in which a vertical hollow portion penetrating from the top surface to the bottom surface is formed in the center so as to reduce the material cost, but there is a problem that the bottom contact accuracy is further deteriorated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an upwelling block that can be grounded at a target position with high accuracy.

The concrete block for an artificial upwelling mound reef (upwelling block) according to the present invention has a basic shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and has a horizontal top surface, a horizontal bottom surface, and four vertical side surfaces. , with notched grooves formed so that the corners are notched and gouged inward, and the ratio (b/a) of the depth dimension (b) to the width dimension (a) is 0.5 to 0.8 and the ratio (h/a) of the height dimension (h) to the width dimension (a) is set within the range of 1.0 to 1.5.

The ratio (b/a) of the depth dimension (b) to the width dimension (a) can also be set within the range of 0.8 to 0.9, in which case the height dimension to the width dimension (a) It is preferable to set the ratio (h/a) of (h) within the range of 1.1 to 1.5.

Also, the ratio (b/a) of the depth dimension (b) to the width dimension (a) can be set within the range of 0.9 to 1.0.In this case, the height dimension to the width dimension (a) It is preferable to set the ratio (h/a) of (h) within the range of 1.3 to 1.5.

Furthermore, the ratio (e1/a) of the widthwise dimension (e1) of the notched groove to the widthwise dimension (a) and the ratio (e2/a) of the depthwise dimension (e2) are both 0.1 to set within the range of 0.3, and the ratio (d/a) of the depth dimension (d) of the cutout groove to the width dimension (a) is set within the range of 0.03 to 0.15 preferably.

In addition, a hollow portion can be formed in the center. In this case, the ratio (c'/c) of the opening width (c') on the bottom side to the opening width (c) on the top side is set to 0.6 or less. preferably.

The concrete blocks for artificial upwelling mound reefs (upwelling blocks) according to the present invention can be made to land on the target position with higher accuracy than conventional ones, and therefore, construction progress management, block It is possible to improve the efficiency of input planning. In addition, since the mound reef can be built with a small number of inputs, construction costs can be reduced.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an upwelling block 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the upwelling block 1 shown in FIG. 3 is a photograph of the water tank used in the experiment of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of block models M01 (the same dimensional ratio as conventional cube-shaped upwelling blocks), M06, M11, and M20 used in the experiment of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a mound reef assumed in the experiment of Example 2. FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram and graph showing simulation results of an upwelling block with a standard deviation σ of “13.4” in the experiment of Example 2. FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram and graph showing simulation results of an upwelling block with a standard deviation σ of “5.0” in the experiment of Example 2. FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram and graph showing simulation results of an upwelling block with a standard deviation σ of "7.0" in the experiment of Example 2. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of block models M21 to M27 used in the experiment of Example 3. FIG.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a concrete block for an artificial upwelling mound reef (upwelling block) according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an upwelling block 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof. The upwelling block 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped basic shape and has a horizontal top surface 11, a horizontal bottom surface 12, four vertical side surfaces 13, and four corners (two adjacent side surfaces 13, 13 ), has a notch groove 14 formed so as to be scooped inward while the corner is notched.

In the upwelling block 1 of this embodiment, the ratio (b/a) of the depth dimension b (short side dimension) to the width dimension a (long side dimension) is set to 0.8, and the width dimension a The ratio (h/a) of the height dimension h to the is set to 1.5. Incidentally, b/a is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 0.8, and in this case, h/a is preferably set in the range of 1.0 to 1.5. Also, b/a can be set within the range of 0.8 to 0.9, in which case h/a is preferably set within the range of 1.1 to 1.5. Furthermore, b/a can also be set within the range of 0.9 to 1.0, in which case h/a is preferably set within the range of 1.3 to 1.5.

In addition, the ratio (e1/a) of the widthwise dimension e1 of the cutout groove 14 to the widthwise dimension a (see FIG. 2) and the ratio (e2/a) of the depthwise dimension e2 are both 0.2. is set (preferably within the range of 0.1 to 0.3), and the ratio (d/a) of the depth dimension d of the cutout groove 14 to the width dimension a is set to 0.07 (Preferably within the range of 0.03 to 0.15).

Note that the upwelling block 1 shown in FIG. 1 does not have a hollow portion (a hollow portion penetrating from the top surface to the bottom surface) (see Patent Documents 1 to 5) like the conventional upwelling block. , it is also possible to form a cavity. However, it is preferable to set the ratio (c'/c) of the opening width c' on the bottom surface 12 side to the opening width c on the top surface 11 side to 0.6 or less (second embodiment of the present invention).

The upwelling block 1 of the above-described embodiment can land on the target position with higher accuracy than the conventional block. The results of various experiments conducted by the inventors regarding this point will be described below as Examples 1 to 3.

In addition to preparing an experimental tank as shown in Fig. 3 (1), a large number of upwelling block models (scale: 1/80) with different specifications were prepared for each type and set on the bottom of the tank. From the position directly above the target position (water surface), each block model is thrown into the water one by one by type and dropped, the distance from the target position to the bottom landing position (scattering distance) is measured, The standard deviation σ) was calculated for each type.

Assuming a water depth of 160 m, a water tank with a depth of 2 m (scale: 1/80) was prepared as the experimental water tank. In addition, a plate (size: 1 m × 1 m) with grids (converted to actual size: 4 m) at 5 cm intervals was placed at the bottom of the experimental water tank, and the center was set as the target position (Fig. 3 ( 2) See).

As a block model, a block having the same external features as the upwelling block 1 shown in FIG. and having notched grooves 14 at the four corners), the width dimension a (long side dimension) is 2.5 cm (actual size conversion: 2 m), and the depth with respect to the width dimension a (long side dimension) The ratio (b/a) of dimension b (dimension of the short side) is changed in several stages within the range of 0.5 to 1.0, and the ratio (h/a) of height dimension h to width dimension a is changed. Twenty kinds of block models M01 to M20 were prepared by changing the value in several stages within the range of 1.0 to 1.5 (see FIG. 4).

The average scattering distance (standard deviation σ) (unit: m (converted to actual size)) for each type calculated from the measurement results of the scattering distances of the block models M01 to M20 is as follows.

The block model M01 is a cubic shape with the same outer diameter dimensions (width, depth, and height dimensions) in all three directions, similar to conventional general upwelling blocks, and its standard deviation σ was 13.4 m as shown in the table above. On the other hand, the standard deviation σ of the block models M09 to M20 (b/a=0.5 to 0.8, h/a=1.0 to 1.5) is 1/2 that of the cube block model M01. It became the following. The standard deviation σ of the block model M04 (b/a=1.0, h/a=1.5) is 5.0 m, and the block model M07 (b/a=0.9, h/a=1.3 ) is 5.3 m, and the standard deviation σ of the block model M08 (b/a=0.9, h/a=1.5) is 5.8 m. /2 or less.

The standard deviation σ of the block model M03 (b/a=1.0, h/a=1.3) is 7.4 m, and the block model M06 (b/a=0.9, h/a=1.1 ) was 7.3 m, which was about 55% of the cube block model M01.

Using a computer analysis program, simulation experiments were carried out for several types of upwelling blocks with different values of standard deviation σ (mean scattering distance).

Here, a block having the same external features as the upwelling block 1 shown in FIG. A block having notched grooves 14 at the four corners) with a width dimension a (long side dimension) of 2.0 m was used as an experimental object, and the value of the standard deviation σ was 13.4 (Example 1 5.0 (assuming block models M04, M07, M10, etc. of Example 1), and 7.0 (assuming block models M03 and M06 of Example 1) three types are set. In addition, when using the above upwelling blocks, the number of blocks (planned quantity) required to construct a mound reef with a diameter of 60m and a central height of 15m (see Fig. 5) is calculated as 1000. Then, in the analysis program, a simulation was performed in which 1000 upwelling blocks of each type were thrown from the sea surface (a position directly above the target position), dropped, and deposited on the seabed at a depth of 160m.

FIG. 6 is a diagram and graph showing simulation results of an upwelling block with a standard deviation σ of 13.4. When upwelling blocks with a standard deviation σ of 13.4 are used, as shown in the figure, many blocks are scattered widely outside the 60 m diameter feature line, resulting in a mound of sufficient height. It turned out that we could not form a reef and needed more blocks (at least 1000 more).

FIG. 7 is a diagram and graph showing simulation results for an upwelling block with a standard deviation σ of 5.0, and FIG. 8 is a diagram and graph showing simulation results for an upwelling block with a standard deviation σ of 7.0. graph. When upwelling blocks with a standard deviation σ of 5.0 or 7.0 are used, most of the blocks fit inside the planning line with a diameter of 60 m, and it was confirmed that a sufficiently high mound reef can be formed. rice field. That is, if the upwelling block has a standard deviation σ of about 7.0 (or less), it can land on the target position with higher accuracy than the conventional one (standard deviation σ: 13.4). It is thought that the effect of being able to construct a mound reef with a smaller number of inputs can be expected.

Examining the experimental results of Example 2 together with the experimental results of Example 1 (Table 1), when b/a is set within the range of 0.5 to 0.8, By setting h/a within the range of 1.0 to 1.5 (see block models M09 to M20 in Table 1), and by setting b/a within the range of 0.8 to 0.9 In this case, by setting h/a within the range of 1.1 to 1.5 (see block models M06 to M08 in Table 1), and b/a within the range of 0.9 to 1.0 , the above effect can be expected by setting h/a within the range of 1.3 to 1.5 (see block models M03 and M04 in Table 1). it is conceivable that.

As shown in FIG. 9, a large number of upwelling block models M21 to M27 (scale: 1/80) having a cavity 15 formed in the center were prepared, and the same experiment as in Example 1 was conducted. , the scattering distance was measured for each type, and the standard deviation σ (average scattering distance) was calculated.

In the block model M21 shown in FIG. 9(1), the opening width c of the hollow portion 15 on the top surface 11 and the opening width c′ on the bottom surface 12 are set to be the same size as in the conventional upwelling block. ing. In the block models M22 to M26 of FIG. 9(2), the opening width c' of the cavity 15 on the bottom surface 12 side is set smaller than the opening width c on the top surface 11 side. More specifically, the ratio (c'/c) of the opening width c' on the bottom surface 12 side to the opening width c on the top surface 11 side is changed in several stages within the range of 0.4 to 0.9. It is manufactured. A block model M27 shown in FIG. 9(3) has a bottom portion 16 integrally formed of concrete so that an opening is not formed on the bottom surface 12 side of the hollow portion 15 .

The standard deviation σ (unit: m (converted to actual size)) for each type calculated from the measurement results of the scattering distances of the block models M21 to M27 is as follows.

Examining the experimental results of Example 3 together with the experimental results of Example 2, even if the hollow portion 15 is formed in the center, the bottom surface 12 with respect to the opening width c on the top surface 11 side By setting the ratio (c'/c) of the opening width c' on the side to 0.6 or less (see block models M25 to M27 in Table 2), compared to the conventional one, the target position can be accurately achieved. It is thought that the effect of being able to land on the bottom and build a mound reef with a smaller number of inputs can be expected.

1: upwelling block,
11: top surface,
12: bottom surface,
13: side,
14: notch groove,
15: cavity,
16: Bottom

Claims (5)

The basic shape is a rectangular parallelepiped, and it has a horizontal top surface, a horizontal bottom surface, and four vertical side surfaces. death,
The ratio (b/a) of the depth dimension (b) to the width dimension (a) is set within the range of 0.5 to 0.8, and the ratio of the height dimension (h) to the width dimension (a) ( A concrete block for an artificial upwelling mound reef, characterized in that h/a) is set within the range of 1.0 to 1.5. The basic shape is a rectangular parallelepiped, and it has a horizontal top surface, a horizontal bottom surface, and four vertical side surfaces. death,
The ratio (b/a) of the depth dimension (b) to the width dimension (a) is set within the range of 0.8 to 0.9, and the ratio of the height dimension (h) to the width dimension (a) ( A concrete block for an artificial upwelling mound reef, characterized in that h/a) is set within a range of 1.1 to 1.5. The basic shape is a rectangular parallelepiped, and it has a horizontal top surface, a horizontal bottom surface, and four vertical side surfaces. death,
The ratio (b/a) of the depth dimension (b) to the width dimension (a) is set within the range of 0.9 to 1.0, and the ratio of the height dimension (h) to the width dimension (a) ( A concrete block for an artificial upwelling mound reef, characterized in that h/a) is set within the range of 1.3 to 1.5. The ratio (e1/a) of the widthwise dimension (e1) of the notch groove to the widthwise dimension (a) and the ratio (e2/a) of the depthwise dimension (e2) are both 0.1 to 0.1. 3, and the ratio (d/a) of the depth dimension (d) of the cutout groove to the width dimension (a) is set within the range of 0.03 to 0.15. The concrete block for an artificial upwelling mound reef according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: A cavity is formed in the center,
Any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ratio (c'/c) of the opening width (c') on the bottom side to the opening width (c) on the top side is set to 0.6 or less. Concrete block for artificial upwelling mound reef according to .

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