JP7233262B2 - Pile-shaped ground reinforcement design device and cost estimation device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a pile-like ground reinforcement design device and a cost estimation device for supporting a building and its foundation on the ground using piles.

BACKGROUND ART When constructing a building on soft ground, the building and its foundation are supported using a large number of piles driven into the ground. The ground structure directly under the building is not necessarily uniform. Pile placement and length must be determined so that all piles share the load as evenly as possible. For this reason, techniques for determining the placement of piles according to the structure of a building have been introduced (Patent Document 1) (Patent Document 2).

JP 2014-235693 Patent 4453007 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-97632 JP 2009-121098

As shown in the above literature, the calculations for pile-shaped ground reinforcement design are complicated, but for custom-built houses, the results of these calculations were used at the stage when the floor plan of the building was decided to some extent through meetings with the client. An estimate of construction costs must be calculated. Various techniques for estimating construction costs have also been introduced (Patent Document 3) (Patent Document 4).
However, every time the design is reviewed several times, the estimation calculation may be redone, and it is required to automatically determine the pile arrangement and perform the estimation calculation as simply as possible. Furthermore, it is desired to automatically calculate the number of piles and pile lengths while utilizing pre-obtained SWS test data, ram sounding test data, etc., and to make estimation calculations with the highest possible accuracy. The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above points.

The following configurations are means for solving the above problems.

<Configuration 1>
A pile-shaped ground reinforcement cost estimation device for a building including means for executing the following arithmetic processing from (a) to (n).
(a) Read data indicating the floor plan of the building from the storage device.
(b) reading data indicative of the properties of the ground from the storage device;
(c) By referring to the pile type selection data created so that one of the types of piles is selected when the floor plan and ground properties are specified, the floor plan of the building and the ground properties are determined. Select the type of pile that is suitable for
(d) Calculate the number of piles N required to support the entire building from the load from the building and the ground bearing capacity per pile of the selected type.
(e) From the data indicating the floor plan of the building, the positional coordinates of the entrance and exit corners of the outer peripheral wall of the building and the positional coordinates of the intersection of the walls of the type previously specified by the floor plan of the building are detected.
(f) arranging the first pile group at the detected position coordinates;
(g) In the above first group of piles, if the distance L between adjacent piles on the same wall line is equal to or greater than a preset allowable value W, any portion between those piles will have the allowable value W Place additional stakes so that they do not exceed the
(h) The positional coordinates of the specific support points for the predetermined special foundation included in the data indicating the floor plan of the building are read from the corresponding layout rules and additional piles are laid out.
(i) Count the number of piles that have been placed so far and determine whether the required number of piles N is not reached or the total number of piles is greater than N;
(j) Prioritize the piles with the interval L, and increase or decrease the number of piles arranged between these piles to bring the total number of piles close to the required number N of piles.
(k) read the location coordinates of the ground test measurement points from the storage device;
(l) Find the position coordinates of all placed piles, select the nearest ground test measurement point from each pile, and use the ground measurement data for that measurement point to determine the appropriate location for each pile. Calculate the appropriate pile length.
(m) Output the position coordinates and pile lengths of all the piles whose arrangement has been determined.
(n) Using the types of piles and the number of piles for each pile length, the pile ground reinforcement cost is calculated.

<Configuration 2 >
A pile-shaped ground reinforcement cost estimate calculation program that causes a computer to function as means for executing the processes (a) to (n) described in configuration 1 .

<Configuration 3>
A computer-readable recording medium recording the computer program according to configuration 2 .

The number N of piles necessary to support the entire building is calculated in advance, and after automatically arranging the piles according to a predetermined rule, the number of piles arranged between the piles at the interval L is adjusted. , the total number of piles is processed so as to be close to the required number N, so that simple processing can automatically arrange piles without excess or deficiency.
Using the results of the ground test, the pile length of each pile that has already been placed can be calculated individually, making it possible to design pile-shaped ground reinforcement with high accuracy.
If the initially set reference interval W is set to the maximum allowable value for the strength of the foundation supporting the wall, the minimum required number of piles can be automatically arranged. Only when the required number of piles N is not reached, additional processing of piles is required.
By first adding one pile to the inner wall side and then adding one or two piles to the outer wall side, the piles can be distributed in a well-balanced manner and additionally arranged automatically.
By evaluating the total value of the bearing capacity of all piles after the placement is determined, it is possible to automatically optimize the pile-shaped ground reinforcement design.
To support special foundations such as porches, deep foundations, or Chianti foundation beams, each requires its own pile arrangement. be possible.
The results of automatic pile placement can be used to immediately and automatically calculate the cost estimate for pile-like ground reinforcement.

1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a pile-shaped ground reinforcement design device of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of floor plan data 50 of a building and an example of arrangement of piles (first stage); FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of floor plan data 50 of a building and an example of arrangement of piles (second stage); FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing an example of processing for additionally arranging piles after automatically arranging the piles of the first pile group; FIG. It is a flowchart of the process which arrange|positions additional piles to a special foundation part, and adjusts the number of piles according to the required number N. It is an operation flowchart up to cost estimation calculation processing after the above processing.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail for each example.

(Automatic placement of stakes)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a specific embodiment of the pile-shaped ground reinforcement design device of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a floor plan desired by the client 12 is prepared using a computer 16 through a meeting between the client 12 and a person in charge 14 . Here, when ground reinforcement of the construction site of the building is required, as shown in FIG.

Based on the floor plan obtained as a result of meeting with the owner 12, it is necessary to estimate and calculate the total cost of building construction, and it is also necessary to quickly perform an estimate calculation with as high precision as possible for the ground reinforcement design result. Furthermore, it is desirable to be able to recalculate quickly even when the client 12 wishes to partially change the floor plan based on the results of the cost estimate. For this purpose, the pile-shaped ground reinforcement design device shown in FIG. 1 is used.

In order to make the computer 16 of the figure function as a pile-shaped ground reinforcement design device, the arithmetic processing unit 26 is provided with functional blocks as shown in the figure. The required number of piles calculating unit 28 has a function of preliminarily calculating how many piles 24 are required in total to support the load of the building 18 including the foundation 20 . Before executing this calculation, building floor plan data 50 is input to the storage device 48 of the computer 16 by the operation of the person in charge 14 . The storage device 48 stores ground data 52 and a pile type selection table 54 in advance. These data are used to determine pile type data 56 .

For example, assume that a retaining wall 21 as shown in FIG. 1(c) is provided on one side of the building 18 shown in FIG. 1(a). If the bottom plate 23 of the retaining wall 21 projects directly under the foundation 20 of the building 18, the piles 24 cannot be placed under the foundation 20 supporting the outer wall of the building 18.例文帳に追加In this case, piles 24 are arranged in a portion (a canty portion) that is continuous with the foundation 20 and overhangs the inside of the building 18 . Since this is a unique structure for each building, the places where the piles 24 are to be arranged are determined in advance. The same thing happens with a pouch portion and the like (not shown). For this purpose, a special foundation pile arrangement rule 62 is stored in advance in the storage device 48 . These data are used to automatically calculate pile arrangement coordinate data 58, pile length and bearing capacity data 60, estimated calculation results 64, and the like.

When the required number of piles calculating unit 28 is activated, the floor plan data 50 of the building is read from the storage device 48 . Furthermore, the ground data 52 indicating the properties of the ground are read from the storage device 48 . Then, referring to the pile type selection table 54, the type of the pile 24 suitable for the floor plan of the building 18 and the property of the ground is selected. The pile type selection table 54 is created according to predetermined criteria based on theoretical values, past performance data, and the like.

For example, if there are multiple types of piles used to reinforce the foundation of a general house, specifying the layout of the building and the nature of the ground (level of hardness of the ground) will select one of the types of piles. The pile type selection table 54 may be created as shown in FIG. Depending on the length and thickness of the selected pile, the load that can be shared by one pile in the ground can be calculated. Since this is a trial calculation, the length of the pile is a fixed standard value.

The number N of piles required to support the entire building is calculated from the load of the building and the bearing capacity of the ground per pile of the selected type. This N is the minimum number of piles required to support this building on this ground. This calculation result is used for evaluation of the calculation processing result of the automatic arrangement of piles.

The predetermined wall line detection unit 30 has a function of detecting predetermined wall lines from the building floor plan data 50 and obtaining position coordinates for automatically arranging piles. Specifically, the positional coordinates of the entrance and exit corners of the outer peripheral wall of the building and the positional coordinates of the intersection of the walls of the type previously designated by the floor plan of the building are detected. The pre-specified type of wall is, for example, all walls except vertical walls and spandrel walls, parting walls, and the like. The rule that piles must be placed at the intersection of these walls simplifies the automatic pile placement process.

As described above, the predetermined wall line detection unit 30 obtains the positional coordinates of the intersection of the entrance/exit corner of the outer peripheral wall of the building and the type of wall specified in advance by the floor plan of the building. This place is the place where piles are automatically placed unconditionally. A symbol or the like that distinguishes this type of wall from other walls may be included in the drawing data showing the floor plan of the building. Even if it is not a complete design drawing, it is sufficient to have a floor plan and data clearly showing the wall structure. The pile placement processing unit 32 has a function of placing the first pile group at the detected position coordinates.

FIG. 2(a) shows an example of the result of arranging stakes marked with a circled number 1 at the entrance and exit corners of the outer peripheral wall of the building on the floor plan data 50 of the building. Also, FIG. 2(b) shows an example of the result of arranging stakes labeled as number 2 at intersections of walls of a predesignated type.

As mentioned above, a rule was established that these piles must be placed at these locations unconditionally. In order to distinguish from these pile groups the pile groups to be placed subsequently, the pile groups labeled No. 1 and No. 2 will be referred to as the first pile group. The first pile group is treated as the minimum required pile group.

Next, the pile interval determination unit 34 obtains the interval L between adjacent piles on the same wall line in order to check whether the first pile group is arranged at appropriate intervals. When the distance L between adjacent piles on the same wall line exceeds the allowable value W, excessive stress is applied to the foundation supporting the wall. Therefore, when the interval L between adjacent piles on the same wall line in the first pile group is equal to or greater than a preset allowable value W, the inter-pile additional placement processing unit 36 selects any The part also has the ability to place additional piles so that its tolerance W is not exceeded.

This allowable value W is set in advance based on the basic structure of the building concerned. Then, the pile interval determination unit 34 additionally arranges new piles so that the pile interval becomes equal to or less than the allowable value W. In FIG. 2(c), the pile labeled as No. 3 is the additionally arranged pile. For example, in the floor plan data 50 in FIG. , W. At this time, a stake labeled No. 3 is additionally arranged at a position separated by W from the stake labeled No. 1. If the distance between the pile labeled No. 3 and the pile labeled No. 2 below the wall line is W or less, the additional placement of this portion is completed.

The special foundation pile addition processing unit 38 detects the specific foundation included in the data indicating the floor plan of the building, and adds additional piles to the position coordinates of the unique support points for the specific foundation. It has the function of placing. In a drawing showing the floor plan of a building, there are specified foundation parts such as a porch part, a deep foundation part, a Chianti foundation beam part, etc., in addition to the walls of the types specified in advance as described above. These parts shall have stakes in specific positions according to their shape. However, it is difficult to establish universal rules, and in the past, it was left to the judgment of experts. This cannot be processed automatically.

Therefore, for these parts, a predetermined pile arrangement rule 62 is determined in advance and stored in the storage device 48 . That is, when these special foundations are detected in the data showing the floor plan of the building, the rule 62 is referred to and the piles are mechanically and automatically arranged. This makes it possible to automatically determine the minimum required pile arrangement for the structure of the relevant building. FIG. 3(a) shows, for example, an example in which a pile labeled No. 4 is added to the end of the inner wall. For porches, deep foundations, Chianti foundation beams, etc., rules should be established to place multiple piles directly under the corresponding foundations.

(Adjustment of the number of piles)
The pile total number determination unit 40 has a function of counting the number of piles that have been arranged as a result of the processing so far. Furthermore, it has a function of determining whether or not the total number is equal to or greater than the number of piles calculated by the required number of piles calculation unit 28 . In the automatic pile placement process described above, the pile placement is automatically determined from the floor plan, wall structure, and foundation structure of the building without considering the total number N of piles calculated in advance. Therefore, the determination unit 40 for the total number of piles compares and evaluates the result of automatic placement and the total number N of necessary piles.

If the total number of piles is less than N, the insufficient pile addition processing unit 42 additionally arranges and adjusts the required number of piles. In the arithmetic processing of the required pile number calculation unit 28, since the minimum pile arrangement required for the wall structure of the building is automatically determined, if the total number of piles exceeds the predetermined total number N of piles , it can be judged that pile-shaped ground reinforcement with sufficient strength is possible.

On the other hand, if the total number of piles N is less than the predetermined number, additional piles must be arranged. At this time, the portion where piles are additionally arranged at intervals of the allowable value W between the piles of the interval L is used. The permissible value W is an interval set assuming that excessive stress will be applied to the foundation if the piles are arranged with a wider interval than this. Locations that can be additionally arranged at this interval W are detected and additionally arranged. The pile indicated as No. 5 in the floor plan data 50 of the building in FIG. 3B is the additional pile.

FIG. 3(c) shows the additional processing procedure. In the floor plan data 50, on the wall line in the right vertical direction, the distance between one pile labeled No. 1 on the upper right and the other pile labeled No. 2 on the lower side is L as shown in the figure. At this time, in this example, three piles are arranged between the first pile and the second pile. Pile No. 3 was already arranged at a distance W from Pile No. 1. Place 2 additional #5 stakes below it. At this time, the space between the pile No. 5 and the pile No. 2 which were additionally arranged at the end was m.

If the distance between the two piles becomes narrower than the limit value, the distance between the piles becomes too narrow, which makes it difficult to install the piles. Therefore, in this case, the positions of other adjacent piles are shifted to adjust the intervals between all piles so that the intervals between all piles are equal to or less than the allowable value W and equal to or more than the limit value. As a result, as shown on the right side of FIG. 3(c), three piles were arranged at regular intervals n between the first pile and the second pile. For example, when L/3 satisfies the above conditions, it is possible to perform an automatic process of equidistant arrangement.

When increasing the number of piles and additionally arranging the required number of piles, it is preferable to determine in advance the order of priority for the places where additional piles can be arranged. Then, it is preferable to repeat the process of sequentially adding and arranging the minimum required number of piles, for example, one by one, in order of priority.

The order of priority is, for example, an outer wall with a relatively wide pile interval, an inner wall with a relatively wide pile interval, an outer wall with a relatively narrow interval between piles, an inner wall with a relatively narrow interval between piles, and so on. By additionally arranging the piles one by one in this order, the piles can be distributed to each part of the building in a well-balanced manner, and the required number of piles can be automatically additionally arranged.

As described above, the allowable value W initially set in advance is set to the maximum allowable value for the strength of the foundation supporting the wall, and if the total number of piles is less than N, the above By increasing the number of piles arranged between the piles at the interval L, the required number of piles can be additionally arranged for easy adjustment. Only when the required number of piles N is not reached, piles may be additionally processed. The required number N of piles can be easily brought close to the optimum value, and automatic pile number adjustment processing is facilitated.

Note that the total number of piles by automatic placement may be greater than N. In this case, it is preferable to set priorities in the same manner as described above and delete piles in order of priority. For example, the space between the four piles in the upper left corner of the floor plan data 50 of the building shown in the figure is narrower than in other places, so two piles can be deleted. FIG. 3(d) shows the result.

As described above, the number N of piles required to support the entire building is calculated in advance, and after automatically arranging the piles according to a predetermined rule, the piles are arranged between the piles at the interval L above. Since the number is increased or decreased so that the total number of piles approaches the required number N, the piles can be arranged just right by simple processing. The final pile placement result is stored in the storage device 48 as pile placement coordinate data 58 .

(Calculation of pile length)
There are various underground structures, and the ground of the entire building site is not always the same. Therefore, ground tests are carried out at multiple locations. This is written in the ground data 52 of the storage device 48 . After adjusting the total number of piles, the pile length calculator 44 reads the position coordinates of the ground test measurement points from the ground data 52 . Then, for all placed piles, find their position coordinates, select the nearest ground test measurement point from each pile, and use the ground measurement data for that measurement point to determine the appropriate ground measurement for each pile. It has a function to calculate the pile length.

After determining the placement of all piles, the results of the ground test measurements are used to determine the length of each pile. Then, for all piles, the ground measurement data of the nearest ground test measurement point is used to calculate the appropriate pile length of the pile. Once the length of the initially selected type of pile is calculated and the length of the pile is calculated, the bearing capacity of the pile can be calculated. The results are stored in the storage device 48 as pile length and bearing capacity data 60 .

If the total bearing capacity of all piles is greater than or equal to the value required to support the building or foundation, the result of automatic placement can be used as is. When the bearing capacity is insufficient, it is sufficient to return to the additional placement of piles and repeat the arithmetic processing for adding the number of piles. As a result of the above processing, the positional coordinates and pile lengths of all the piles whose placement has been determined can be output and widely used not only for estimation calculation but also for building design.

When the total bearing capacity of all piles is too large or too small compared to the required bearing capacity, it can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the piles. In other words, the initial selection of the type of pile was inappropriate. By evaluating the total value of the bearing capacity of all the piles after the placement is determined, the pile type selection table 54, which is used as a reference for initially selecting piles, can be optimized, resulting in high accuracy. Pile-shaped ground reinforcement design becomes possible.

(Cost Estimate Calculation)
The ground reinforcement cost estimate calculation unit 46 reads the pile arrangement coordinate data 58, the pile length, and the bearing capacity data 60, and uses the number of piles by pile length to estimate the cost for pile-shaped ground reinforcement. have the ability to execute Using various data other than this data, a building construction cost estimate can be calculated by a known method.

If the positional coordinates and pile lengths of all the piles can be automatically determined from the data indicating the floor plan of the building as described above, an estimate calculation for pile-shaped ground reinforcement can be performed promptly from the floor plan of the building desired by the client. be possible. In addition, even if the owner wishes to partially change the layout of the building after that, it is possible to quickly correct the estimate.

(computer program)
4 to 6 illustrate a specific example of the processing procedure of the pile-shaped ground reinforcement design estimation program for executing the above arithmetic processing.
In FIG. 4, the positional coordinates of the intersection of the entrance and exit corners of the outer peripheral wall of the building and the predetermined wall are detected, the piles of the first pile group are automatically arranged, and the piles are additionally arranged in the part where the pile interval is wide. 10 is a flow chart showing processing for deleting piles in narrow areas.

First, the required pile number calculation unit 28 is activated, and the floor plan data 50 of the building is read in step S11. Next, in step S12, the ground data 52 are read. In step S13, the pile type selection table 54 is referenced, the pile type is selected, and the type data 56 of the selected pile is written. After that, in step S14, the required number of piles N is calculated from these data.

Next, the predetermined wall line detection unit 30 is activated, and in step S15, the position coordinates of the entering and exiting corners of the outer peripheral wall of the building are detected. Further, in step S16, position coordinates of predetermined wall intersections in the floor plan data 50 of the building are detected. In step S17, the first pile group is arranged at the detected position coordinates.

Next, the pile interval determination unit 34 is activated, and in step S18, the interval L between adjacent piles on the same wall line is obtained. Further, in step S19, it is determined whether or not the interval L is equal to or greater than the allowable value W. When the result of this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S20, and when the result is NO, the process proceeds to step S21.

In step S20, the pile spacing additional placement processing unit 36 places additional piles in portions where the interval L is equal to or greater than the allowable value W. In step S21, it is determined whether or not there is a portion where the distance between piles is equal to or less than the limit value. When the result of this determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S22, and when the result is NO, the process up to this point is terminated. In step S22, the distance between piles is adjusted within the allowable range. The arrangement coordinate data 58 of piles is created from the results of the above processing.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of processing for additionally arranging piles on the special foundation and adjusting the number of piles according to the required number N of piles.
In step S31, the special foundation pile addition processing unit 38 detects a special foundation in the floor plan data 50 of the building. In step S32, the special foundation section pile arrangement rule 62 is referenced to detect the position coordinates of the unique support points. In step S33, additional piles are placed at the supporting points. Based on this result, the pile arrangement coordinate data 58 is updated.

In step S34, the pile total number determination unit 40 reads the pile arrangement coordinate data 58 and counts the number of piles that have already been arranged. In step S35, it is determined whether or not the total number of piles is N or more. If the result of this determination is YES, the processing up to this point is terminated, and if the result is NO, the process proceeds to step S36. In step S36, the insufficient pile addition processing unit 42 detects the interval L between piles. If there is an order of priority, the piles with an interval L are detected in the order of priority. In step S37, the required number of piles are additionally arranged there.

FIG. 6 is an operational flow chart up to cost estimate calculation processing.
In step S<b>41 , the pile length calculator 44 reads the position coordinates of the ground test measurement points from the ground data 52 . In step S42, for all piles recorded in pile location coordinate data 58, the nearest ground test measurement point is selected. In step S43, the pile length and bearing capacity data of each pile are calculated from the ground measurement data at the measurement point. In step S44, the position coordinates, pile length, and bearing capacity data of the pile whose arrangement has been determined are written in the pile length and bearing capacity data 60. FIG.

The ground reinforcement cost estimate calculation unit 46 refers to the pile length and bearing capacity data 60, and obtains the number of piles by pile length in step S45. Then, in step S46, cost estimation calculation for pile-shaped ground reinforcement is executed. The above processes from FIGS. 4 to 6 can be automatically and continuously executed as they are. Therefore, if the floor plan data 50 of the building, the ground data 52, the pile type selection table 54, and the data of the special foundation section pile arrangement rule 62 are stored in advance in the storage device 48, pile-shaped ground reinforcement design can be automatically performed at once. Data can be obtained for cost estimation.

12 Client 14 Person in charge 16 Computer 18 Building 19 Wall line 20 Foundation 21 Retaining wall 22 Canty section 23 Bottom slab 24 Pile 26 Arithmetic processing unit 28 Necessary number of pile calculation unit 30 Predetermined wall line detection unit 32 Pile placement processing unit 34 Pile Interval determination unit 36 Pile spacing additional placement processing unit 38 Special foundation pile addition processing unit 40 Pile total number determination unit 42 Insufficient pile addition processing unit 44 Pile length calculation unit 46 Ground reinforcement cost estimate calculation unit 48 Storage device 50 Building layout data 52 Ground data 54 Pile type selection table 56 Selected pile type data 58 Pile arrangement coordinate data 60 Pile length and bearing capacity data 62 Special foundation section pile arrangement rule 64 Estimate calculation result

Claims (3)

A pile-shaped ground reinforcement cost estimation device for a building including means for executing the following arithmetic processing from (a) to (n).
(a) Read data indicating the floor plan of the building from the storage device.
(b) reading data indicative of the properties of the ground from the storage device;
(c) By referring to the pile type selection data created so that one of the types of piles is selected when the floor plan and ground properties are specified, the floor plan of the building and the ground properties are determined. Select the type of pile that is suitable for
(d) Calculate the number of piles N required to support the entire building from the load from the building and the ground bearing capacity per pile of the selected type.
(e) From the data indicating the floor plan of the building, the positional coordinates of the entrance and exit corners of the outer peripheral wall of the building and the positional coordinates of the intersection of the walls of the type previously specified by the floor plan of the building are detected.
(f) arranging the first pile group at the detected position coordinates;
(g) In the above first group of piles, if the distance L between adjacent piles on the same wall line is equal to or greater than a preset allowable value W, any portion between those piles will have the allowable value W Place additional stakes so that they do not exceed the
(h) The positional coordinates of the specific support points for the predetermined special foundation included in the data indicating the floor plan of the building are read from the corresponding layout rules and additional piles are laid out.
(i) Count the number of piles that have been placed so far and determine whether the required number of piles N is not reached or the total number of piles is greater than N;
(j) Prioritize the piles with the interval L, and increase or decrease the number of piles arranged between these piles to bring the total number of piles close to the required number N of piles.
(k) read the location coordinates of the ground test measurement points from the storage device;
(l) Find the position coordinates of all placed piles, select the nearest ground test measurement point from each pile, and use the ground measurement data for that measurement point to determine the appropriate location for each pile. Calculate the appropriate pile length.
(m) Output the position coordinates and pile lengths of all the piles whose arrangement has been determined.
(n) Using the types of piles and the number of piles for each pile length, the pile ground reinforcement cost is calculated. A pile-shaped ground reinforcement cost estimate calculation program that causes a computer to function as means for executing the processes (a) to (n) according to claim 1. 3. A computer-readable recording medium recording the computer program according to claim 2.

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