JP7229973B2 - Mixed feed for laying hens - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a compound feed for laying hens, and more particularly to a compound feed having a high metabolizable energy that achieves both a reduction in food intake and maintenance of egg-laying performance.

Poultry farming includes layer chickens and broiler chickens, which are raised while providing feed suitable for each growth stage. In the prior art, the metabolizable energy (ME) per 1 kg of feed for egg-laying hens is generally 2850 kcal/kg, and when it exceeds 3000 kcal/kg, it has been reported that egg production and egg weight decrease. , compound feeds with such high metabolizable energy are not commonly used.

For example, in Non-Patent Document 1, regarding commercial laying hens bred in a hot environment, differences in feed crude protein (CP) and metabolic energy (ME) are observed in feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight and feed. As a result of investigating the effect on the demand rate, etc., it is described that the best performance was exhibited when the ME was 2700 kcal/kg, but all performances tended to decrease when the ME was 3100 kcal/kg. In addition, Non-Patent Document 2 describes that when feeds with different metabolizable energy (AMEn) of 2700, 2775, 2850, 2925 or 3000 kcal/kg are fed, both the egg production rate and the egg weight decrease as AMEn increases (p≦0. 05) is described.

In Patent Document 1, 8 to 16 parts by weight of oil and fat, 12 to 20 parts by weight of vegetable protein, and 2 to 5 parts of methionine are used in order to prevent the decrease in productivity of laying hens in the cold season, for example, the decrease in survival rate and daily egg production. parts by weight and having a metabolizable energy of 4000 kcal/kg or more for laying hens. However, details such as the metabolizable energy value and food intake of compound feed prepared using this feed additive are unknown.

Almeida VR et al. , Crude protein and metabolizable energy levels for layers reared in hot climates. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 2012/v. 14/n. 3/159-232 Ribeiro PAP et al. , Effect of dietary energy concentration on performance parameters and egg quality of white leghorn laying hens. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 2014/v. 16/n. 4/381-388

Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-58254

In this way, various studies have been conducted on the productivity of laying hens and the metabolic energy of feed, but increasing the metabolic energy of feed does not necessarily increase egg productivity. It has been believed that crude protein or amino acid levels in the diet are the most important nutrients affecting the performance of laying hens.

The present invention has a metabolizable energy of about 3000 kcal/kg or more and a general An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound feed that has an egg production rate and egg weight equal to or higher than those of other compound feeds.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and by adjusting the type and blending amount of soybean meal as a component of mixed feed and supplementing with essential amino acids, the utilization efficiency of amino acids is improved, We decided to increase the metabolic energy value by adding fats and oils.

That is, the present invention includes the following embodiments.
(1) A compound feed for laying hens containing cereals, soybean meal and oil and having a metabolic energy of 2960 to 3100 kcal/kg.
(2) The mixed feed for laying hens according to (1), wherein the mixing ratio of soybean meal is 15 to 30% by mass.
(3) The compounded feed for laying hens according to (1) or (2), wherein the blending ratio of oil is 3.5 to 6% by mass.
(4) Any one of (1) to (3) having a crude protein content of less than 18.5% by mass, a lysine content of 0.75% by mass or more, and a total content of methionine and cystine of 0.65% by mass or more. 1. Mixed feed for laying hens according to item 1.
(5) The compound feed for laying hens according to any one of (1) to (4), which has a crude fiber content of less than 2.5%.
(6) Contains cereals, soybean meal and fats and oils, the blending ratio of soybean meal is 15 to 30% by mass or more, the blending ratio of fats and oils is 3.5 to 6% by mass, and the crude protein content is 18.5 % by mass, a lysine content of 0.75% by mass or more, a total content of methionine and cystine of 0.65% by mass or more, a crude fiber content of less than 2.5%, and a metabolizable energy of 2960 to 3100 kcal/ kg of compound feed for laying hens.
(7) To reduce the feed conversion rate (feed intake / egg production) when laying hens are allowed to freely ingest feed to 2.0 or less throughout the year at 18 to 51 weeks of age (1) ~ ( 6) The compound feed for laying hens according to any one of items.
(8) The compound feed for laying hens according to any one of (1) to (7) for reducing the amount of feces.
(9) The compound feed for laying hens according to any one of (1) to (8) for reducing the incidence of dirty eggs.

The compound feed for laying hens of the present invention has an egg production rate and egg weight equal to or higher than those of general compound feed, but has improved feed efficiency from a comprehensive point of view, such as a decrease in the amount of feed and the amount of feces. can be raised.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dietary intake of each week of egg-laying hens (Julialite) fed in the control section, Example 1 section and Example 2 section. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the weekly feed conversion ratio (FCR) of egg-laying hens (Julialite) fed in the control plot, Example 1 plot and Example 2 plot.

(definition)
As used herein, the term "laying hens" refers to hens (chickens) that lay eggs to be shipped for human consumption. Commercial chicken brands raised for egg production include Julia Light and Boris Brown. Female chicks are group-housed in brooder cages until about 120 days of age, after which they are transferred to adult cages for egg collection. Laying hens start laying eggs around 150 days old, and lay the most eggs at 32 to 36 weeks old (224 to 252 days old). ) (Takekazuo Tasaki, "Poultry Farming Handbook", Yokendo, 1993, p. 244).

As used herein, the term "feeding amount" refers to the amount of food eaten and is synonymous with "feed intake". “Compound feed” means a mixture of two or more types of feed raw materials in a prescribed formula so as to supply sufficient nutrition to the target livestock. "Soybean meal" is the residue after squeezing soybeans containing about 20% oil. A powder made by grinding soybean meal is also called soybean meal. Soybean meal contains approximately 44% to 48% of crude protein and is excellent in amino acid balance.

Also, as used herein, "metabolic energy" refers to apparent metabolizable energy and means the total energy of the ingested feed minus the total energy contained in faeces, urine, and gaseous digestive products. Metabolizable energy can be obtained by actually measuring each feed composition using a general method for measuring the amount of energy. Furthermore, the metabolizable energy value of poultry feed is calculated based on the ME value, etc. listed in the composition table of the Japanese Standard Feed Composition Table (2009 edition, edited by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization), for example. Since the method of calculating is common, it is also possible to use such a calculation method.

(Compound feed for laying hens)
In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a compound feed for laying hens comprising grains, soybean meal and oil and having a metabolizable energy of about 2960-3100 kcal/kg. In preferred embodiments, the metabolizable energy of the formulated feed is about 3000-3100 kcal/kg. As the soybean meal component contained in the feed of the present embodiment, either so-called "low-pro soybean meal" with a crude protein content of about 44% or so-called "high-pro soybean meal" with a crude protein content of about 48% may be used. The crude protein content of ordinary soybean meal is about 44% and is called low-pro soybean meal, while dehulled soybean meal is called high-pro soybean meal. The content of crude protein contained in this dehulled soybean meal is about 48%, which is about 10% higher than that of ordinary soybean meal. In this embodiment, the soybean meal preferably contains dehulled soybean meal at least in part, and more preferably uses substantially all dehulled soybean meal. The type of dehulled soybean meal is not particularly limited, and any commercially available product can be used. For example, Showa Sangyo's brand name "High Pro soybean (lees)" can be mentioned as an example. Here, "substantially all" means that a small amount of ordinary soybean meal is unintentionally mixed, etc., as long as the following effects can be obtained.

In the feed of the present embodiment, by using dehulled soybean meal as at least part or substantially all of the soybean meal components, the amount of soybean meal required to ensure the same protein content is reduced. It can be reduced to about 10%. As a result, in the feed of the present embodiment, the content of soybean meal may be about 15-30% by mass, preferably about 18-25% by mass, based on the total amount of the feed.

Hens in the early egg-laying period continue to grow in the large chick stage, and when egg-laying starts, the egg-laying rate and egg weight increase rapidly, and the amount of eggs produced increases. The importance of amino acid content has been pointed out. In particular, the egg weight is said to be greatly affected by the intake of crude protein (methionine) in the feed. On the other hand, increasing the crude protein level in the feed has to be compensated by decreasing some other ingredient. Therefore, in the compound feed of the present embodiment, even if the crude protein content is less than 18.5% by mass, the lysine content is 0.75% by mass or more, and the total content of methionine and cystine is 0.65% by mass or more. By doing so, we decided to maintain the optimum amino acid balance and increase the degree of freedom in designing compound feed.

In the feed of the preferred embodiment, the content of grains (corn, milo, etc.) and oils and fats, which are the main raw materials of the feed, can be increased by the amount corresponding to the reduction in the content of soybean meal. Specifically, the content of grains can be increased to about 60% by mass, and the content of fats and oils can be increased to about 3.5 to 6% by mass.

Energy is an important nutrient for egg production. Generally, fat is added to increase the amount of energy. However, since the digestibility and absorption rate of fat is lower than that of starch and the like, high-fat feed is said to impose a burden on the gastrointestinal tract due to its long residence time in the intestine. In the compounded feed of the present embodiment, the amount of oil and fat compounded is 3.5 to 6% by mass, thereby increasing the metabolizable energy amount of the feed while suppressing the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. The oil used as a raw material for the feed of the present embodiment may be either vegetable oil or animal oil, but animal oil is preferable from the viewpoint of cost. “Vegetable fats and oils” refer to fats and oils derived from plant seeds, such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, palm oil, olive oil, and safflower oil. “Animal fat” is a general term for fats and oils obtained from animals, and includes, for example, animal-derived medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides such as pigs, cows, and chickens, tallow, yellow grease (YG), lard, and head.

As raw materials other than soybean meal and animal fats and oils to be mixed in the mixed feed of the present embodiment, those known in the art can be used without particular limitation. Examples of such feedstocks include grains such as rice, brown rice, rye, wheat, barley, corn, milo, soybeans; manufactured grains such as corn gluten meal, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, corn steep liquor; Vegetable oil cakes such as oil cake and coconut oil cake; Vegetable oils and fats such as soybean oil and rice oil; Magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide, cobalt sulfate, calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate , sodium chloride, calcium phosphate, inorganic salts such as choline chloride; amino acids such as lysine and methionine; vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, vitamin E, calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, vitamins such as folic acid; animal feed such as fish meal, powdered skim milk and dry whey; fresh grass;

In the compound feed for laying hens of the present invention, the amount of each component to be blended may be appropriately increased or decreased within the range of the above composition according to the age of the laying hens. For example, in the early egg-laying period (around 17 to 39 weeks old), the egg production rate increases as the chicken grows, so the amount of crude protein may be increased. After the age of the chicken, the eggshell strength decreases as the age of the chicken increases, so the addition amount of calcium or the like, which is the raw material of the eggshell, may be increased.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound feed for laying hens for reducing the feed conversion rate (feed intake/egg production) when laying hens are allowed to freely ingest feed. As shown in the examples below, this feed conversion rate is preferably 2.0 or less throughout the year at 18 to 51 weeks of age. Alternatively, it is preferable that the feed conversion ratio at peak egg-laying (for example, around 30 to 40 weeks of age) is 1.8 or less. This effect is thought to be obtained by reducing the amount of food consumed while maintaining egg productivity. Therefore, when Julialite, a typical egg-laying hen, is allowed to freely ingest feed, the average value at the age of 17 to 51 weeks is about 100 (g/day/chicken) or less, and the egg-laying peak It is about 110 (g/day/chicken) or less even at time (for example, around 30 to 40 weeks of age). The effect of reducing the amount of chicken manure can also be obtained by reducing the amount of food consumed by laying hens. Poultry manure is mainly processed into compost, but there are often cases where odors and pests are generated during processing, causing environmental problems in the surrounding area, and cases where processing costs cannot be recovered due to the low price of compost. Reducing the amount of poultry manure can be a major means of solving problems at egg production sites.

Chicken manure content can also be reduced by reducing the crude fiber content in the feed. The crude fiber content of the mixed feed can be reduced by using cereals and protein raw materials with relatively low fiber content instead of rice bran and vegetable oil cake, which are high in fiber content. The mixed feed of the present embodiment does not use low-digestible soybeans and has a crude fiber content of less than 2.5%, preferably less than 2.0%, thereby reducing the amount of chicken manure associated with egg production. can be reduced.

In addition, by reducing the amount of food eaten, it is possible to supply sufficient nutrition even when the appetite of laying hens is reduced in a hot environment. effect is also obtained.

(Feeding time and method)
The feeding period of the compound feed of the present embodiment may be either the breeding period or the adult period of the egg-laying hens, but it is preferable to feed in the adult period from the viewpoint of increasing egg productivity. The feeding method is also not particularly limited, and examples thereof include constant feeding and restricted feeding, but constant feeding is preferred in which the animal is allowed to eat as much food as he likes at any time. Also, the form of feed may be any of mash feed, pellet feed and crumble feed.

<Materials and methods>
Julialites were used as test chickens, and 100 chickens per test plot were used to set test plots and design diets as follows. As shown in Table 1, a total of 3 test plots were provided. Phase 1 was defined as 17 weeks to 39 weeks of age when the large chicks were introduced, and Phase 2 was defined as 40 to 51 weeks of age. Control CP18 (Phase 1) and Control CP17 (Phase 2) (both manufactured by Japan Feed Co., Ltd.), which are common egg-laying chicken feeds, were used as controls. In the test group, ME is set to 3000 kcal/kg, Example 1 in which a 5% reduction in the amount of stool is expected, and an example in which the ME is set to 3,050 kcal/kg and a 7% reduction in the amount of stool is expected Two wards were established. The mixing ratio and nutritional design values of the test feed were as shown in Tables 2-1 and 2-2. The raw materials for the test plots were composed mainly of corn, soybean meal and animal fats and oils (YG), without using low-digestible corn (rice bran, corn gluten feed, DDGS). Considering the fluidity of the feed, the upper limit of the amount of YG added was set at 5.2%. The amino acid design was based on the Japanese Feed Standard Poultry (2011 version) and past tests, and was assumed to be able to satisfy the manual egg weight. Feeding management conformed to Julia Light Manual 3rd Edition (Gen Corporation). Feeding was allowed ad libitum.

(Measurement item)
The egg production rate and egg weight were measured daily, and average values for each week were calculated. The food intake (g/chicken/day) was obtained by measuring the amount of leftover food every 2 or 3 weeks and subtracting it from the amount of feed. Body weight measurements (n=20) were performed weekly from 17 to 25 weeks, every 2 weeks from 26 to 37 weeks, and every 3 weeks from 38 weeks onwards. Chicken manure weight measurements were performed at 27, 34 and 51 weeks of age. Raw feces weight and dry matter weight for 3 days (n=50) were determined. The incidence of dirty eggs was measured from 34 weeks of age to 51 weeks of age. Eggs with chicken manure adhering to them were all judged to be dirty eggs, regardless of the amount of chicken manure attached.

<Results and discussion>
The production results during the test period are shown in Table 3, Figures 1 and 2. The egg production rate during the test period was 89.8, 89.4 and 89.1% for the control section, Example 1 section and Example 2 section, respectively, which were comparable to the manual value of 82.6%. Good results were obtained. Egg weights during the test period were similar to 59.7, 59.4 and 59.5 g in the control group, Example 1 group and Example 2 group, respectively, and were similar to the manual value of 59.4 g. was the numerical value. The food intake during the test period was 108.0, 101.5 and 99.2 g/day/bird in the control group, Example 1 group and Example 2 group, respectively. Example 2 showed a reduction in food intake of 6% and 8%, respectively. According to FIG. 1, which shows the weekly change in food intake, the Example 1 section and Example 2 section are lower than the control section throughout the entire period, but 30 to 40 including the peak spawning period. The period of the week exceeds 110 g/day/chicken in the control plot, whereas it is less in the Example 1 plot and the Example 2 plot. The ME intake was 308, 304, and 302 kcal/day/bird in the control group, Example 1 group, and Example 2 group, respectively, and the CP intake was 19 in the control group, Example 1 group, and Example 2 group, respectively. .1, 16.4 and 16.5 g/day/wing.

From the above results, it was suggested that the subprandial amount of the layer was adjusted not by CP but by ME intake, as in the test results of Non-Patent Document 2. The feed conversion rate (FCR) was 2.01, 1.91 and 1.87 for the control group, Example 1 group and Example 2 group, respectively, over the 18- to 51-week full year, and the control group was compared with the control group in Example 1. The plot and Example 2 plot resulted in an improvement of 0.10 and 0.14, respectively. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the FCR at the peak of spawning (for example, around 30 to 40 weeks of age) was 1.88 in the control section, and 1.88 in the Example 1 section and the Example 2 section, respectively. 77 and 1.74. The reason for this is that the daily egg amount was the same, but the food intake was reduced. The survival rate remained at a high value of 99% in each section.

Ribeiro et al. (Non-Patent Document 2) reported that in a test using a feed containing 3000 kcal/kg or more of ME as in this test, a decrease in the amount of food consumed was observed by increasing the ME in the feed. At the same time, daily egg production decreased. Since the amino acid value of each feed was constant, it is presumed that the intake of each nutrient, including amino acids, decreased as the food intake decreased.

In this test, in addition to designing each amino acid in a well-balanced manner, by using highly digestible raw materials, even when using feed of ME 3000 kcal / kg or more, high egg production performance can be maintained and 5% or more of the diet can be maintained. We believe that we have achieved a reduction in weight.

Table 4 shows changes in body weight during the test period. Throughout the test period, the Example 1 group and the Example 2 group maintained a higher body weight than the control group. This is thought to be due to the fact that the intake of water-soluble fiber, which inhibits the absorption of nutrients, is lower than that of the control group, and the amount of excess protein intake is small, which saves the energy required for protein excretion. was taken.

Table 5 shows the weight of chicken droppings measured at 27, 34 and 51 weeks of age. The average raw manure weight (50 birds, 3 days worth) at 27 weeks, 34 weeks and 51 weeks of age was 15.5, 12.5 and 12 in the control group, Example 1 group and Example 2 group, respectively. 0 kg, and Example 1 and Example 2 were 80% and 77%, respectively, of the control. Similarly, the average dry feces weight (50 birds, 3 days) was 4.4, 3.1 and 3.2 kg in the control group, Example 1 group and Example 2 group, respectively. Example 1 plot and Example 2 plot were 70% and 72%, respectively. It was considered that the factors for the decrease in chicken manure weight in both test plots were the decrease in the intake of fiber that chickens could not digest and absorb, in addition to the decrease in food intake.

Table 6 shows the incidence of dirty eggs. The average incidence of dirty eggs from 34 weeks to 51 weeks of age was 12.1, 9.7 and 8.9% in the control group, Example 1 group and Example 2 group, respectively. As a result, the incidence of dirty eggs decreased. This was thought to be due to the small amount of chicken manure discharged.

From this test, it was found that even when the compound feed of the present invention containing 3000 kcal/kg or 3050 kcal/kg of ME was used in comparison with the general control feed (2850 kcal/kg of ME), the maintenance of high egg-laying performance and the reduction in food intake assumed were achieved. Admitted. In addition, a reduction in chicken manure weight and dirty egg generation was confirmed with respect to the control diet. From the above results, it is expected that the use of the mixed feed of the present invention will reduce the feed cost, delivery cost, poultry manure treatment cost, and dirty eggs, thereby improving the egg production cost.

The compound feed of the present invention reduces the food intake by 5% or more and the feed requirements (FC) by 0.1 compared to conventionally used general compound feeds. In the poultry farming industry, since the amount of feed used is reduced, transportation costs are also reduced, and it is expected that the product rate will be improved by reducing the amount of chicken manure and dirty eggs.

Claims (5)

Contains cereals, soybean meal and fats and oils, has a crude protein content of 17% by mass or less , a lysine content of 0.75% by mass or more, a total content of methionine and cystine of 0.65% by mass or more, and a metabolic energy of 2960 to 3100 kcal/ kg of compound feed,
A compound feed for laying hens for reducing the feed conversion rate (feed intake/egg production) to 2.0 or less throughout the year at 18 to 51 weeks of age when the above-mentioned compound feed is freely ingested by laying hens. . Contains cereals, soybean meal and fats,
The blending ratio of the soybean meal is 18 to 25 % by mass,
The blending ratio of the fat and oil is 3.5 to 6% by mass (excluding 6% by mass) ,
A crude protein content of 17% by mass or less , a lysine content of 0.75% by mass or more, and a total content of methionine and cystine of 0.65% by mass or more,
A compound feed for laying hens having a crude fiber content of less than 2.5% and a metabolizable energy of 2960-3100 kcal/kg. The compound feed for laying hens according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least part of said soybean meal is dehulled soybean meal. The compound feed for laying hens according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for reducing the amount of feces. The compound feed for laying hens according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for reducing the incidence of dirty eggs.

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