JP7194308B1 - Card set for conversion between original and transcription - Google Patents

Abstract

Kind Code: A1 For a language in which a single character takes initial, middle, or final forms depending on its position in the word, it is not easy for a beginner to perform mutual conversion between the transcriptional notation and the notation of the language. . SOLUTION: For each character used in a language, a transcription character card on which a transcription of the character is described, and one or more sheets each of which describes one of the initial form, the middle form, or the final form of the character. To provide a card set having a bundle of original language character cards and a bundle of cards. As a result, even a beginner can easily perform mutual conversion by using the transcription character card and the original language character card bundled for each character. [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a set of cards that can be used for interconversion between transcriptions and original representations of languages for languages in which a letter takes initial, middle or final forms depending on its position in the word. is.

When learning a foreign language, it is first necessary to master the characters used in that language. For Japanese who understand Japanese and English, it is relatively easy to recognize Chinese, which uses Chinese characters, and Western and Central European languages, which use Latin characters. Thai, which uses the Siamese script, and Russian, which uses the Cyrillic script, are not easy to recognize.

At the stage where the characters used in the language have not yet been learned, the characters used in the language may be learned by converting them into Latin characters or the like. Such conversion processing is referred to as transcription, transliteration, transliteration, etc., and transliteration of Japanese notation into Roman characters is also included in this processing.

When a character in a certain language and its transcriptional notation are in one-to-one correspondence, mutual conversion is relatively easy. , the interconversion becomes complicated. In particular, with regard to Mongolian and Arabic scripts, in which one character takes initial, middle, or final forms depending on the position in the word, there are three characters that can correspond to one transcription character. It is not easy for beginners to transcribe words written in letters or Arabic letters into transcription letters and vice versa.

As a tool for learning a language with such properties, there is a tool that explains the initial form, middle form, and final form of characters in an easy-to-understand manner, such as described in Non-Patent Document 1. It was not user-friendly in the practical scene of mutual conversion between transcribed characters.

Salem Al Neaimi, Norio Harada, "Development of an Arabic Learning Support System", Proceedings of the 71st Annual Conference of Information Processing Society of Japan, March 10, 2009, pp.4-619－4-620 Ed. Huhbaatar, ``Introduction to Mongolian Script'', [online], 1997, Research Institute for Asian and African Languages, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, [searched July 1, 2022], Internet＜URL: http://www.aa.tufs .ac.jp/elib/ltext/khk/pdf/c.pdf＞

As mentioned above, for a language in which a character takes initial, middle, or final forms depending on its position in the word, it is difficult for beginners to convert between the transcription and the original representation of the language. The problem was that it was not easy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a card set that allows even beginners to easily and simply perform mutual conversion between transcribed notation and original language notation in the above language, thereby contributing to foreign language education.

The card set according to the present invention includes, for each character used in a language, a transcribed character card on which a transcribed character of the character is described, and one of the initial form, the middle form, and the final form of the character. It has a card bundle that bundles one or more original language character cards.

By combining a transcribed character and a plurality of glyphs corresponding to the transcribed character into one card bundle, the user of the card set can intuitively understand the correspondence between the characters, and each card can be represented by one glyph. By making it written, it is possible to compare the characters to be converted and the characters written on the card side by side, and to connect the original language character cards to create a prototype of the final form of the original language notation. becomes.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the breakdown of cards included in a card set; It is the flowchart which showed an example of the procedure which converts transfer notation into Mongolian character notation using a card set. It is the flowchart which showed an example of the procedure which converts Mongolian character notation into transfer notation using a card set.

In the following, an embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking as an example a traditional Mongolian language that uses Mongolian characters as a language in which one character takes initial form, middle form, or final form depending on the position in the word. do. Languages with similar characteristics include Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Ottoman, etc., which use the Arabic script, Tibetan, which uses the Tibetan script, and Manchu, which uses the Manchu script. It is reasonable to replace Mongolian with such a language.

There are several lists of Mongolian characters, depending on whether or not they include characters used to write foreign words. is shown as Table 1. The Mongolian script listed in Table 1 consists of 29 characters, each having a transcription of the Latin script. Mongolian words are written vertically, in principle by connecting each letter. Each character in a word is represented by the initial form for the first character, the final form for the last character, and the middle form for other characters. Some characters that do not occur at the beginning, middle, or end of a word do not have a non-occurring form. In addition, some characters have multiple initial forms, middle forms, or final forms. Which of the plural forms to take is determined based on some linguistic grounds such as the relationship with characters.

FIG. 1 shows an overview of a card set according to the present invention. The card set includes transcription character cards 1001 to 1029 with transcription characters, initial form cards 2001 to 2929 with initial forms, and middle forms for each of the 29 Mongolian characters. It includes medium form cards 3001 to 3929 and word final form cards 4001 to 4929 that describe the final form. In the following description, initial form cards, medium form cards and final form cards are collectively referred to as source language character cards.

A transcription card contains a transcription corresponding to one of the Mongolian characters. In FIG. 1, Latin characters are exemplified as transcribed characters, but Cyrillic characters used in modern Mongolian may also be used as transcribed characters.

One original language character card describes one of the initial, middle, or final forms of the Mongolian script. The original language character cards corresponding to each Mongolian character include the same number of initial form cards, middle form cards, and final form cards as the initial form, medium form, and final form of the Mongolian character. For example, since the first character represented by the transcribed character "a" has two final forms, there are two final form cards corresponding to this, the final form card 4001 and the final form card 4101. do. Further, for example, since there is no final form for the 29th character, the corresponding ending form card 4029 may not include Mongolian characters, or the ending form card 4029 may not be included in the card set in the first place. .

Transcription cards and original language cards corresponding to one of the Mongolian characters are bundled into card bundles, and the entire card set will include at least 29 card bundles. As for the specific bundling method, any known method such as binding with a stapler or string, using a card ring, or fastening with a rubber band or a clip can be used. The order of bundling is arbitrary, but by bundling all cards in the same order, for example, by unifying the order of transcription cards, initial cards, medium cards, and final cards, the entire card set It is possible to unify the feeling of use as. Also, it is possible to provide a plurality of bundles having the same configuration for one Mongolian character, so that conversion processing can be parallelized when the same character appears multiple times in one word.

It is also desirable to have common indicia on all transcriber cards included in the card set. A mark is any character or character string that indicates that the characters written on the card are transferred characters, an arbitrarily determined symbol, the color of a part or the whole of the card, the color of the transferred characters, the unevenness of the card, etc. Anything recognizable as a mark by the five senses can be used. Affixing a common mark makes it easy to recognize that the card is a transfer character card. For the same reason, it is desirable to mark all initials, mediums and finals in the card set with a common mark. The marks attached to each of the transcription card, the initial form card, the medium form card and the final form card are usually different from each other. It is not prohibited to attach marks that are not different from each other, such as attaching common marks.

In Mongolian script, there are initial forms, medium forms, final forms, and independent forms. The independent form is rarely used in the text, but by adding an independent form card that describes the independent form corresponding to the Mongolian character of each card bundle to the original language character card of the corresponding card bundle, the card set can be made more exhaustive. In this case, it is desirable to have a common mark on all stand-alone cards in the card set.

The flowchart of FIG. 2 shows an example of the procedure for converting transcription notation into Mongolian character notation using the card set according to the present invention. This flow chart shows the procedure for converting the transcribed notation into the Mongolian character notation character by character, but the conversion procedure using the card set is not limited to this, and the conversion of a plurality of characters may proceed in parallel. In the following, the procedure shown in the flow chart will be described using the transcribed word "asiγ" (meaning "profit") as an example.

After the procedure is started (S101), the first letter "a" is first recognized (S102), and a card bundle containing the transfer character card on which the transfer character "a" is written is taken out (S103). Since this character is at the beginning of the word (S104Y), a word initial form card is selected from the card stack (S105), and the character described there is recorded (S109). Since this character is not the end of the word (S110N), the next character "s" is recognized (S111), and a card bundle containing the transcription character card on which the transcription character "s" is written is taken out (S103). Since this character is neither the beginning nor the end of the word (S104N, S106N), a mid-word card is selected from the taken out card stack (S108), and the character written there is recorded (S109). Similar processing is performed for the next "i" (S110N, S111, S103, S104N, S106N, S108, S109, S110N).

After that, ``γ'' in the word is recognized (S111), and when a stack of cards containing the transcribed character card on which the transcribed character ``γ'' is written is taken out (S103), this character is not the beginning of the word (S104N). Since it is at the end (S106Y), a word final form card is selected from the card bundle taken out (S107), and the character written there is recorded (S109). Since this character is the end of a word (S110Y), the conversion procedure ends here (S112). The Mongolian script for the word "asiγ" is obtained by connecting and describing the characters recorded so far in sequence.

Although it was not included in the example, when a card bundle containing a transcription character card with the transcription character "n" written on it is taken out (S103) and a card in the middle of the word is selected (S108), the card bundle If there are two mid-word cards, it is necessary to decide which one to choose. In such a case, it is necessary to select one depending on whether the following character is a vowel or a consonant, and by making a judgment together with the following character, one of the word medium cards can be selected. In this way, if there are multiple initial cards, medium cards, or ending cards, one of them can be selected based on linguistic grounds by referring to necessary information such as surrounding characters. You are asked to choose one.

The flowchart of FIG. 3 shows an example of the procedure for converting the Mongolian script notation into transcription notation using the card set according to the present invention. This flowchart shows the procedure for converting the Mongolian character notation to the transcription notation character by character, but the conversion procedure using the card set is not limited to this, and the conversion of a plurality of characters may proceed in parallel. In the following, the procedure shown in the flow chart will be described by taking as an example the reconversion of the Mongolian character notation obtained in the previous paragraph to the transcriptional notation "asiγ".

After starting the procedure (S201), the first character is recognized (S202). Since this character is at the beginning of the word (S204Y), this character is compared with the characters written on the initial form cards in each card bundle, and the card bundles matching both are extracted (S205). Then, a transfer character card is taken out from the bundle of cards, and the characters written thereon are recorded (S209). Since this character is not the end of the word (S210N), the next character is recognized (S211). Since this character is neither the beginning nor the end of the word (S204N, S206N), this character is compared with the character written on the word medium card in each card bundle, and the card bundles matching both are extracted (S208). Then, a transfer character card is taken out from the bundle of cards, and the characters written thereon are recorded (S209). Then, the same processing is performed for the following one character (S210N, S211, S204N, S206N, S208, S209, S210N).

After that, when the last character is recognized (S211), this character is not at the beginning of the word (S204N) but at the end (S206Y), so this character is compared with the characters written on the word ending cards in each card bundle. Then, a bundle of cards matching both is taken out (S207). Then, a transfer character card is taken out from the bundle of cards, and the characters written thereon are recorded (S209). Since this character is the end of a word (S210Y), the conversion procedure ends here (S212). By sequentially arranging the characters recorded so far, the transcription "asiγ" of the word written in Mongolian script can be obtained.

It should be noted that although not included in the example, since the medial forms of the characters corresponding to the transcribed letters "a" or "e" are the same, the card with the medial form card that matches these medial forms When trying to select a stack (S208), it is necessary to determine which of the two card stacks should be selected. In such a case, since "a" is a masculine vowel used in masculine words and "e" is a feminine vowel used in feminine words, it is possible to determine whether the word itself is masculine or feminine. One deck of cards can be selected by judging from other consonants used in the word. In this way, when there are multiple initial form cards, medium form cards, or final form cards that match the recognized character, the necessary information such as the surrounding characters is also referred to, and the linguistic basis is obtained. You are asked to select one of them based on

In the process of mutual conversion that we have seen above, in the process of comparing the Mongolian characters in the word and the characters written on the original language character card, the Mongolian characters to be transcribed and the characters written on the original language character card In the process of connecting and writing the recorded Mongolian characters, it is necessary to superimpose the characters on the original language character card and imagine the completed form. If the original-language character cards are made of opaque material such as paper, the margins of the cards will interfere with close comparison and superimposition. Alignment and superimposition are facilitated, and each process is made efficient. Therefore, it is desirable that the original language character card be made of a transparent material.

On the other hand, when attempting to connect Mongolian characters by superimposing original language character cards, most characters are connected by vertical lines, but some characters are connected in a different way. In such cases, if original language character cards made of transparent material are simply used, vertical lines and connecting lines with different shapes will be mixed in the connecting parts of the characters, making it difficult to visually understand the connecting shapes. Become. Such problems can be solved by making only a part of a single original-language character card with characters that may be connected without vertical lines made of transparent material, and the other part made of non-transparent material. This can be solved by using the non-transparent part of the card to hide unnecessary lines for connection.

In addition, since one of the two final forms of the characters represented by the transcribed characters "a" and "e" is separated from the previous consonant (not connected to the previous letter), a final form card containing these is written. , special attention must be paid to the positional relationship when overlapping with other cards. In order to facilitate this, only these ending cards are made of a transparent material, thereby reducing the cost of the entire card set when the transparent material is more expensive than the opaque material. can be done. Furthermore, out of one card of final form that should be made of transparent material, only a part that should be paid special attention to the positional relationship at the time of connection is made of transparent material, and the other part is made of non-transparent material. If so, it is possible to highlight the part that should be paid attention to.

In addition, when the characters written on the original language character card are superimposed on each other, if the distance between characters can be flexibly adjusted, it will be easier to grasp the image of connecting characters and writing through card manipulation. In order to achieve this, it is desirable to write the part connected to the preceding and succeeding characters longer than the general typeface in the characters to be written on the word medium form card. On the other hand, there are also special connections where the following character is part of the preceding character. The part indicated on the card will not be used for connection. In order to deal with such cases, word medium-form cards that list characters that may cause special connections have, for example, the side with the characters written including the part that connects to the preceding and following characters. On the other side, the part that connects to the previous character or the part that connects to the next character is not written, such as writing characters that are not written. A selectable configuration is conceivable.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described so far, but can be modified in various ways within the scope of the claims, and can be implemented by appropriately combining the configurations disclosed in the embodiments. The form is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

In particular, in the embodiment, the procedure for using the card set of the present invention when interconverting word by word was shown, but the use of the card set of the present invention is not limited to this. The card set of the present invention can be used to store the set of transcribed characters and the corresponding initial, middle and final forms of the characters for each card stack, or can be used to store one original character card from each of the two card stacks. It is also possible to use it in units of one character or several characters instead of in units of words, such as extracting and using it to understand how to connect two characters.

1001-1929 Transcription Cards 2001-2929 Initial Form Cards 3001-3929 Medium Form Cards 4001-4929 Final Form Cards

Claims (10)

1. A set of cards operable for interconversion between transcripts and source-language representations of said languages for languages in which a single letter takes initial, middle or final forms depending on position within the word, comprising:
For each letter used in said language,
A transcription card on which the transcription of the character is described;
one or more source language character cards each bearing one of the initial, middle or final forms of the character;
A card set having a card bundle that bundles The original language character card is
if the character has more than one initial form, including as many initial form cards as the character has, each with one of the initial forms of the character;
if the character has more than one in-word form, including as many in-word form cards as the character has, each with one of the in-word forms of the character;
if the character has more than one final form, including as many ending cards as the character has, each with one of the final forms of the character;
The card set of claim 1. Put a common mark on all the transcription cards,
putting a common mark on all said initial cards,
Putting a common mark on all said medium cards,
With a common mark on all the final cards,
3. The card set of claim 2. In each of the card bundles, the transfer character cards, the initial form cards, the middle form cards, and the final form cards are arranged in the same order in all the card bundles. bundled up,
3. The card set of claim 2. wherein the original language character cards of the card bundle further include an independent form card on which an independent form of the character corresponding to the card bundle is written;
A card set according to any one of claims 1-4. Some or all of the original language character cards are made of a transparent material,
A card set according to any one of claims 1-4. In the original language character card made of a transparent material, a part of each card is made of a transparent material and the other part is made of a non-transparent material,
7. The card set according to claim 6. Some of the ending cards are made of a transparent material,
A card set according to any one of claims 2-4. Said ending card made of a transparent material, a part of one card is made of a transparent material and the other part is made of a non-transparent material,
9. The card set according to claim 8. Regarding the part connected to the characters before and after the character written on the word medium card, at least one of the part connected to the previous character or the part connected to the subsequent character is written longer than the general typeface. No,
A card set according to any one of claims 2-4.

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