JP7180041B2 - Forging machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a forging machine that forges a work using dies and punches. More particularly, the present invention relates to a forging machine provided with an action member acting on at least one of the work and the die in addition to a kickout pin for ejecting the forged work from the die.

In a general forging machine, a workpiece is pressed with a die and a punch to generate plastic deformation and forging into a predetermined shape. A kickout pin is provided to eject the forged workpiece from the die. A main drive source for driving the punch is often used as a drive source for the kickout pin. In addition, in order to deal with the complicated shape of the work, a configuration is known in which back pressure is applied to the work to control plastic deformation, and a configuration in which the die is a split type so that the work can be easily ejected. The working member that applies back pressure to the workpiece and the working member that operates the split die are often driven by a sub-driving source separate from the main driving source. Patent Document 1 discloses a technical example related to a forging machine having an auxiliary drive source.

A forging die disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a back pressure applying die in addition to an upper die and a lower die. Furthermore, a gas cushion is used as a sub-driving source for applying back pressure to the back pressure applying mold. According to this, the plastic fluidity of the workpiece can be maintained, the plastic fluidity can be made uniform, and the productivity can be improved.

JP 2010-42451 A

By the way, a problem arises in that the size of the forging machine is increased by providing a sub-driving source corresponding to the magnitude of the load such as the back pressure required for the working member. In particular, in a multi-process forging machine equipped with a plurality of sets of dies and punches, it is difficult to secure a sufficient space for installing a sub-drive source because the space between processes is narrow. For this reason, it has been necessary to provide working members and sub-driving sources only in the most downstream process where there is enough space, or to increase the distance between processes in the middle of the process. Conversely, even if the auxiliary drive source is provided within a range where the conventional inter-process distance can be maintained, a sufficient load may not be obtained.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the background art, and provides a forging machine that can exert a large load on at least one of a work and a die while suppressing an increase in the size of the equipment. The task is to provide

The forging machine of the present invention includes a die mounted on a frame, a ram driven by a main drive source and reciprocating with respect to the frame, a forging machine mounted on the ram reciprocating together with the ram, and between the die and the die. a punch for forging a workpiece with a squeegee; a kick-out pin that contacts the forged workpiece and protrudes from the die; and an acting member that is separate from the kick-out pin and acts on at least one of the work and the die. and a plurality of sub-driving sources having the same structure and operating in synchronism to jointly operate the action member.
The forging machine includes a die mounted on a frame, a ram driven by a main driving source and reciprocating with respect to the frame, and a forging machine mounted on the ram reciprocating together with the ram. a punch for forging a workpiece; a kick-out pin that contacts the forged workpiece and protrudes from the die; and an action member that is separate from the kick-out pin and acts on at least one of the work and the die. , a plurality of sub-driving sources that operate in synchronism with each other and jointly operate the working member, each of the plurality of sub-driving sources being a cylinder through which hydraulic fluid flows and a cylinder through which the hydraulic fluid flows; A hydraulic drive including a moving piston, said kickout pin being driven from said main drive via a cam mechanism to couple said pistons of said plurality of said hydraulic drives to said working member. a coupling plate coupled to the coupling plate, a plate position detection unit that detects the operating position of the coupling plate, and a hydraulic fluid control unit that controls the inflow and outflow of the hydraulic fluid based on the operating position of the coupling plate. You may have more.

In the forging machine of the present invention, a plurality of sub-drive sources cooperate to operate working members, and the working members act on at least one of the workpiece and the die. According to this, since the loads output from the plurality of sub-driving sources are added, the acting member can exert a large load. Also, each of the plurality of sub-driving sources need not be a large product. Therefore, by rationalizing the arrangement of the plurality of sub-drive sources, it is possible to suppress the enlargement of the forging machine.

1 is a plan view schematically showing the overall configuration of a forging machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the die side in one forging process of the forging machine of the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2; It is a B direction arrow directional view in FIG. It is a C direction arrow directional view in FIG. It is a figure of a time chart explaining the example of operation of the forging machine of an embodiment.

First, the overall configuration of the forging machine 1 of the embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing the overall configuration of a forging machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The forging machine 1 is a horizontal multi-process forging machine. The forging machine 1 is composed of a frame 2, a ram 3, five sets of punches 41 and dies 44, a work conveying section 49, a driving section 9, and the like. The forging machine 1 sequentially performs forging on the work in first to fifth forging processes composed of five sets of punches 41 and dies 44 . In FIG. 1, the first to fifth heading processes are arranged from top to bottom. Furthermore, at least one forging process comprises working members 6 and a plurality of hydraulic drives 72 (see FIG. 2). Note that the number of forging processes of the forging machine 1 is not limited to 5 processes, and is in the range of about 1 to 8 processes.

The frame 2 is a housing for arranging each part, and is made of iron and formed robustly. The five die holders 21 are arranged side by side in the width direction of the frame 2 . Five sets of dies 44 are replaceably attached to the front side (left side in FIG. 1) of each die holder 21 . A predetermined working die is formed in front of each die 44 .

The ram 3 is substantially rectangular in plan view, and reciprocates in the front-rear direction with respect to the frame 2, that is, in the left-right direction in FIG. Five punch holders 31 are provided side by side in the width direction on the front side (right side in the drawing) of the ram 3 . The five punches 41 are replaceably attached to the front side of each punch holder 31 and arranged to face the dies 44 respectively. A predetermined working die is formed on the front side of each punch 41 . Each punch 41 reciprocates with the ram 3 .

The forging machine 1 includes a cutting mechanism (not shown). The cutting mechanism has a ring-shaped movable cutter, a wire feeding mechanism, and a pusher mechanism. The movable cutter cuts the long wire inserted into the ring by the wire feeding mechanism to create a columnar workpiece of a predetermined size. A pusher mechanism pushes the workpiece out of the movable cutter. Aluminum, iron, various alloys, and the like can be exemplified as materials for the wire rod and the work.

The work conveying unit 49 is arranged from above the die holder 21 to the front of the die 44 . The work conveying unit 49 is also called a transfer device. The work transfer section 49 has six pairs of fingers for gripping the work. The most upstream first pair of fingers grips the work with the cutting mechanism and conveys it to the first forging process. The second to fifth finger pairs grip the work in the upstream forging process and convey it to the downstream forging process. The sixth pair of fingers on the most downstream side grips the work in the fifth forging process and conveys it to a carry-out section (not shown).

A drive 9 is provided for driving the ram 3 back and forth. The drive unit 9 is composed of a main drive source 91, various transmission mechanisms, cam mechanisms, and the like. The main drive source 91 can be, for example, an induction motor or a synchronous motor operating on a three-phase AC power supply. The driving section 9 drives the work conveying section 49 and the cutting mechanism together. The driving force of the main drive source 91 is input to a crankshaft 95 that drives the ram 3 via a flywheel 92 , a disc brake 93 and a speed reduction mechanism 94 . Further, the driving force is branched and transmitted from the crankshaft 95 to the side shaft 97 via the pair of branched gears 96 .

The side shaft 97 branches and transmits the driving force upward. The driving force branched upward drives the transfer cam 98 to rotate. The transfer cam 98 drives the work conveying section 49 . Further, six open-close cams 9A are connected to the side shaft 97 via a transfer drive 99 so as to be rotationally driven. The open/close cams 9A are arranged at regular intervals in the width direction. The open/close cam 9A drives the finger pairs to open and close.

Further, the side shaft 97 is provided with a cutter cam 9B, and is connected to a pusher cam 9C, a feed cam 9D, a wire feeding device 9E, and five kickout cams 9F. A cutter cam 9B, a pusher cam 9C, a feed cam 9D, and a wire feeding device 9E drive the cutting mechanism. The kickout cams 9F are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction and correspond to the positions of the first to fifth forging processes. The kickout cam 9F drives a kickout pin 5, which will be described later.

Next, the details of the configuration in which the working member 6 and the plurality of hydraulic drive sources 72 are provided on the die 44 side of the forging process will be described. FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the die 44 side in one forging process of the forging machine 1 of the embodiment. The left side of FIG. 2 corresponding to the front side of the die 44 is the front side, and the right side of FIG. 2 is the rear side. 3 is a view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a view in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is a view in the direction of arrow C in FIG. Two steps are shown in FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the configuration of the die 44 side of the forging process includes the die 44 and the die holder 21 as well as the kickout pin 5 , the working member 6 , the working member drive section 7 and the hydraulic fluid control section 8 . In FIG. 2, the kickout pin 5 and working member 6 are in their rearward, retracted position. It should be noted that each of the first to fifth forging steps need not have the configuration shown in FIG. In other words, some forging processes may have a configuration that does not include the working member 6 , the working member drive section 7 and the hydraulic fluid control section 8 .

The die holder 21 is configured by connecting a holder member 211, a back plate 212, and a die frame 213 from the front side to the rear side. These three members have a columnar internal space extending in the front-rear direction. A die 44 is held in the internal space of the holder member 211 . In the present embodiment, the shape of the die 44 and the shape of the work W can be changed in various ways, and therefore illustration and description of specific shapes are omitted. A cylindrical front regulating member 214 is attached to the inner front portion of the die frame 213 .

The kickout pin 5 performs a projecting operation for projecting the forged workpiece W from the die 44 . The kickout pin 5 is arranged in the center of the die holder 21 and extends in the front-rear direction. The kickout pin 5 has a large-diameter flange 52 slightly toward the rear side, and is formed in a stepped columnar shape whose diameter changes at several points. A tip 51 of the kickout pin 5 is recessed into the rear portion of the die 44 . A rear end 53 of the kickout pin 5 is driven from the kickout cam 9F.

While the punch 41 approaches the die 44 and the forging process progresses, the kickout pin 5 remains in the retracted position shown in FIG. As the forging process ends and the punch 41 moves away, the kickout pin 5 is driven to the forward position by the kickout cam 9F and projects the work W to the front side of the die 44. - 特許庁Thereafter, the kickout pin 5 is returned to the retracted position by the action of the kickout cam 9F and the biasing spring 54, which will be described later.

The action member 6 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the kickout pin 5 . The working member 6 is constructed by arranging a cylindrical working pin 61 and a cylindrical driving pin 65 in the front-rear direction. The tip of the working pin 61 abuts on the movable portion of the die 44 or the workpiece W. As shown in FIG. A flange portion 62 having an enlarged diameter is provided near the rear portion of the action pin 61 . The collar portion 62 moves by a stroke length SL between the retracted position shown in FIG. Therefore, the entire working member 6 also moves back and forth by the stroke length SL.

A coil-shaped biasing spring 54 is inserted between the rear end of the action pin 61 and the collar portion 52 of the kickout pin 5 . The biasing spring 54 biases the kickout pin 5 rearward. A drive pin 65 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the biasing spring 54 . A tip of the drive pin 65 is coupled to the collar portion 62 of the action pin 61 . A rear end of the drive pin 65 is coupled to a coupling plate 78 which will be described later.

In this embodiment, the working member 6 applies back pressure to the workpiece W either through the movable portion of the die 44 or directly. Without being limited to this, the working member 6 may change the direction of the work W, may support the projecting work W to prevent it from falling, or may operate the dice 44 divided into a plurality of parts. You may

The working member driving portion 7 is arranged on the rear side of the die frame 213 of the die holder 21 . The acting member driving portion 7 is composed of a common frame portion 71 , two hydraulic drive sources 72 , two sets of front and rear liquid passages 75 and 76 , a liquid source container 77 and a coupling plate 78 . Here, two hydraulic drive sources 72 are used because the desired level of back pressure cannot be obtained with one hydraulic drive source 72 . The frame portion 71 is a hollow frame-shaped member and is arranged in contact with the rear side of the die frame 213 .

The two hydraulic drive sources 72 are provided on the rear side of the frame portion 71 . In addition, the two hydraulic drive sources 72 are separated and arranged vertically symmetrically when viewed from the action member 6 . A cylindrical head adjustment screw 55 is arranged between the two hydraulic drive sources 72 . The rear portion of the kickout pin 5 is accommodated inside the head adjusting screw 55 . The rear end position of the kickout pin 5 is determined when the flange portion 52 comes into contact with the neck adjustment screw 55 .

Each hydraulic drive source 72 has a cylinder 73 and a piston 74 . The cylinder 73 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape that opens forward. The piston 74 is arranged inside the cylinder 73 and protrudes forward. The piston 74 is a rod-shaped member having a small diameter portion on the front side and a large diameter portion on the rear side. A liquid-tight groove and an O-ring (reference numerals omitted) are provided on the outer periphery of the large-diameter portion. This constitutes a liquid-tight structure between the cylinder 73 and the piston 74 .

A space defined by the outer surface of the small-diameter portion of the piston 74 and the inner surface of the cylinder 73 serves as a front liquid chamber 731 . A space defined by the rear surface of the large-diameter portion of the piston 74 and the inner bottom surface of the cylinder 73 serves as a rear fluid chamber 732 . Furthermore, a front side communication port 733 is provided that penetrates the side surface of the cylinder 73 and communicates with the front side fluid chamber 731 . Similarly, a rear communication port 734 is provided through the side surface of the cylinder 73 to communicate with the rear fluid chamber 732 .

The front communication port 733 communicates with the liquid source container 77 via the front liquid path 75 and the liquid path operating portion 81 . The rear communication port 734 communicates with the liquid source container 77 via the rear liquid path 76 and the liquid path operation section 81 . The front liquid passages 75 and the rear liquid passages 76 of the two hydraulic drive sources 72, in other words, the four liquid passages have the same length and the same cross-sectional area. As a result, the operating characteristics when the two hydraulic drive sources 72 operate synchronously are well matched. A resin tube, a metal pipe, or the like is used for the front liquid path 75 and the rear liquid path 76 . Moreover, hydraulic fluid can be exemplified as the hydraulic fluid used for the hydraulic drive source 72, but is not limited to this.

In FIG. 2, the front side liquid chamber 731 has the maximum volume, and the rear side liquid chamber 732 has the minimum volume. At this time, the piston 74 is located at the retracted position. Under the control of the hydraulic fluid control section 8 , the hydraulic fluid flows out from the front fluid chamber 731 and flows into the rear fluid chamber 732 . Then, the piston 74 advances by a movement amount corresponding to the amount of inflow and outflow of the hydraulic fluid. Conversely, when the hydraulic fluid flows out of the rear fluid chamber 732 and flows into the front fluid chamber 731, the piston 74 moves backward.

The coupling plate 78 is a member coupled to the front sides of the two pistons 74 using bolts 781, as shown in FIGS. The coupling plate 78 is elongated vertically. A neck adjustment screw 55 is loosely fitted in a hole provided in the center of the coupling plate 78 . A rear end of a driving pin 65 constituting the working member 6 is connected to the front side of the connecting plate 78 . Therefore, the two pistons 74, the coupling plate 78 and the working member 6 move back and forth in unison.

In FIG. 2, coupling plate 78 is in a retracted position. The retracted positions of the coupling plate 78 and the working member 6 are arbitrarily set within the range of the stroke length SL by position control from the hydraulic fluid control section 8 . The coupling plate 78 adds the loads output by the two pistons 74 to advance or retract the working member 6 . As a result, the working member 6 applies back pressure to the workpiece W while operating from the retracted position SR to the forward position SF (see FIG. 6).

The hydraulic drive source 72 is a sub-drive source that can operate independently from the main drive source 91 . The two hydraulic drive sources 72 operate in synchronization with each other under the control of the hydraulic fluid control section 8 to jointly operate the coupling plate 78 . The hydraulic drive source 72 does not need to be a large item and can be provided within the distance between processes of conventional forging machines. Therefore, by arranging the two hydraulic drive sources 72 one above the other, there is no need to increase the conventional distance between processes.

If one hydraulic drive source 72 were to flow in and out first, the load output to the coupling plate 78 would momentarily be only one. At this time, the action member 6 does not operate, or operates at a low speed even if it can operate. Then, the inflow and outflow of the hydraulic fluid in the other hydraulic drive source 72 catches up in a short time, and the load is output to the coupling plate 78 from both hydraulic drive sources 72 . After that, the two hydraulic drive sources 72 operate synchronously. Therefore, the loads output from the two hydraulic drive sources 72 are added, and the acting member 6 can exert a large load.

A plate position detector 85 is provided for the purpose of detecting the operating position of the coupling plate 78 . The plate position detector 85 is composed of an encoder 86 and a linear gauge 87 . A linear gauge 87 is provided on top of the coupling plate 78 and moves back and forth with the coupling plate 78 . The linear gauge 87 is provided with a scale engraved at a predetermined pitch in the front-rear direction. The encoder 86 is fixedly attached to the frame portion 71 and arranged to face the linear gauge 87 . The encoder 86 reads the scale of the linear gauge 87 , encodes it, and outputs it to the hydraulic fluid control section 8 . As the plate position detection unit 85, for example, a magnetic detection sensor can be used.

The hydraulic fluid control unit 8 is composed of a fluid path operation unit 81 and a control execution unit 82 . The liquid path operation unit 81 is configured by a combination of pumps and valves (not shown), and operates the flow of the hydraulic fluid. The control execution unit 82 is configured using a computer device. The control execution unit 82 receives the output of the encoder 86 of the plate position detection unit 85 and the operation status of the main drive source 91 (punch 41). The control execution section 82 controls the liquid path operation section 81 based on the received information.

Next, an operation example of the forging machine 1 of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a time chart illustrating an example of operation of the forging machine 1 of the embodiment. The horizontal axis of FIG. 6 is the common time axis t. The three graphs show the stroke characteristics of the punch 41, the operating characteristics of the kickout pin 5, and the operating characteristics of the working member 6 in order from the top. FIG. 6 depicts one cycle of motion in which the punch 41 moves from the rear dead center PR to the front dead center PF and returns to the rear dead center PR.

At time t0 in FIG. 6, the punch 41 is positioned at the rear dead center PR. At this time, the kickout pin 5 is positioned at the forward position KF. At the same time, the working member 6 is in the retracted position SR. The punch 41 operates with sinusoidal stroke characteristics as time elapses after time t0. That is, the punch 41 presses the work W carried into the forging process by moving forward after time t0. The punch 41 reaches the front dead center PF at time t6 and ends the forging process. Thereafter, the punch 41 retreats and returns to the rear dead center PR at time t9.

The kickout pin 5 moves backward after time t0 and returns to the backward position KR at time t4 before time t6. Therefore, the kickout pin 5 does not interfere with the forging operation of the punch 41 . Further, the kickout pin 5 starts moving forward at time t7 after time t6, and starts pushing out the work W for which the forging process is completed. The kickout pin 5 reaches the forward position KF at time t8 and finishes the thrusting operation. After that, the work W is carried out from the corresponding forging process by the work transfer section 49 .

In addition, the working member 6 advances from the retracted position SR to the forward position SF and contacts the movable portion of the die 44 or the work W during the period from time t1 after time t0 to time t2. The working member 6 maintains the forward position SF from time t2 to time t3 and applies a large back pressure to the work W. As shown in FIG. Further, the working member 6 applies back pressure to the work W while moving backward from time t3 to time t5 (t3<t4<t5). At this time, the magnitude of the back pressure is variably adjusted and controlled so that the plastic deformation of the workpiece W is favorable. The working member 6 returns to the retracted position SR at time t5 before time t6.

As described above, the action member 6 can operate with the operation timing, the operation stroke length, and the operation load independent of the projecting operation of the kickout pin 5 . In addition, the operating characteristics of the acting member 6 can be freely changed simply by changing the control logic of the control execution unit 82 . On the other hand, in order to change the operating characteristics of the kickout pin 5, it is necessary to manufacture a new kickout cam 9F and replace it. Therefore, changing the operating characteristics of the working member 6 is easier than with the kickout pin 5 .

In the forging machine 1 of the embodiment, the two hydraulic drive sources 72 cooperate to operate the working member 6, and the working member 6 applies back pressure to the workpiece. According to this, since the loads output from the two hydraulic drive sources 72 are added, the acting member 6 can exert a large load. Also, each of the two hydraulic drive sources 72 need not be large. Therefore, by arranging the two hydraulic drive sources 72 above and below the action member 6, the distance between processes of the multi-process forging machine 1 can be made equivalent to that of the conventional structure, and the size increase can be suppressed.

It should be noted that one working member 6 may be driven using three or four or more hydraulic drive sources 72 that operate synchronously. In this case, the three hydraulic drive sources 72 can be arranged side by side in the vertical direction, or can be arranged on the left and right sides of the action member 6 . Further, instead of the hydraulic drive source 72, a motor or the like may be used as a sub-drive source. Various other modifications and applications are possible for the present invention.

1: Forging Machine 2: Frame 21: Die Holder 3: Ram 41: Punch 44: Die 49: Work Conveyor 5: Kickout Pin 54: Biasing Spring 6: Action Member 61: Action Pin 65: Drive Pin 7: Action Member Actuator 71: Frame 72: Hydraulic drive source (sub-drive source)
73: Cylinder 74: Piston 75: Front side liquid path 76: Rear side liquid path 77: Liquid source container 78: Coupling plate 8: Hydraulic fluid control section 81: Liquid path operation section 82: Control execution section 85: Plate position detection section 9 : Drive unit 91: Main drive source W: Work

Claims (7)

a die provided on the frame;
a ram driven by a primary drive source for reciprocating movement relative to the frame;
a punch that is provided on the ram and reciprocates together with the ram to forge a workpiece between the die and the die;
a kickout pin protruding from the die in contact with the forged workpiece;
an acting member that is separate from the kickout pin and acts on at least one of the workpiece and the die;
a plurality of sub-driving sources having the same structure and operating in synchronism to jointly operate the action members;
heading machine. each of the plurality of sub-drive sources is a hydraulic drive source including a cylinder into which hydraulic fluid flows and a piston that operates within the cylinder;
2. The heading machine of claim 1 , wherein the kickout pin is driven from the primary drive source via a cam mechanism. a die provided on the frame;
a ram driven by a primary drive source for reciprocating movement relative to the frame;
a punch that is provided on the ram and reciprocates together with the ram to forge a workpiece between the die and the die;
a kickout pin protruding from the die in contact with the forged workpiece;
an acting member that is separate from the kickout pin and acts on at least one of the workpiece and the die;
a plurality of sub-driving sources that operate in synchronization with each other and jointly operate the action members;
each of the plurality of sub-drive sources is a hydraulic drive source including a cylinder into which hydraulic fluid flows and a piston that operates within the cylinder;
The kickout pin is driven from the main drive source via a cam mechanism,
a coupling plate coupled to the action member while coupling each of the pistons of the plurality of hydraulic drive sources;
a plate position detection unit that detects the operating position of the coupling plate;
a hydraulic fluid control unit that controls inflow and outflow of the hydraulic fluid based on the operating position of the coupling plate;
A heading machine further comprising : 4. The forging machine according to claim 3 , wherein a plurality of fluid passages communicating between a fluid source container storing the hydraulic fluid and each of the cylinders of the plurality of sub-drive sources have the same length and the same cross-sectional area. A multi-process forging machine having a plurality of forging processes including the die and the punch,
The forging machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising said working member and a plurality of said auxiliary drive sources for each of said forging processes of some or all of said forging processes. The forging machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the plurality of sub-driving sources are arranged one each above and below the acting member that operates horizontally. The acting member applies back pressure to the work, changes the direction of the work, prevents the projecting work from falling, or operates the dice divided into a plurality of parts. The forging machine according to any one of claims 1-6.

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