JP7172594B2 - Blasting system and blasting method for drilling water or seabed - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a blasting system and a blasting method for drilling a water or seabed.

Japan has a sea area under its jurisdiction that exceeds 12 times its land area, and mineral resources are buried in the sea area under its jurisdiction. In recent years, investigations of mineral resources have also progressed on the deep seabed, and the development of mining methods for mineral resources on the seabed is also progressing (Non-Patent Document 1). Under such circumstances, blasting technology using economical explosives is being sought.

Patent Literature 1 discloses a method of mining deep-sea mineral resources by blasting. A plurality of blasting holes are drilled in a predetermined range of deep-sea mineral resources, and explosive cartridges are loaded into the blasting holes. The explosive cartridge includes a detonator tube that wirelessly detonates the explosive with ultrasonic waves. A transmitter is suspended in the sea from the mother ship, and ultrasonic signals are emitted from the transmitter. A detonator tube receives the signal and detonates the explosive cartridge. This allows blasting work on the seabed.

Patent Literature 2 discloses a device for wirelessly supplying power to an ignition device provided on the seabed. The device has a loop antenna installed on the sea, which transmits electromagnetic waves into the sea. The ignition device stores an antenna coil, an ignition capacitor circuit, and an ignition circuit. The antenna coil receives the electromagnetic field from the loop antenna and generates a current. The current generated by the antenna coil charges the ignition capacitor circuit. An ignition circuit detonates the explosive using the power charged in the ignition capacitor circuit.

Patent document 3 discloses an electric detonator used for blasting work on the ground. The electric detonator is wired and connected to the power source. Power is supplied to the detonator via a wire from a power supply as needed prior to detonation. An electric detonator uses this power to detonate the explosive charge.

Patent Document 4 discloses a wireless detonator used for excavating tunnels above ground. The detonator has a detonator mounted in a hole in the face and a transmitting antenna that wirelessly powers the detonator. Transmitting antennas are strung along the cave floor, cave wall, and cave ceiling of the tunnel. An electric or magnetic field is generated by passing a current through the transmitting antenna. A detonator has a receiving coil that generates current by receiving an electric field or a magnetic field, and a storage unit that stores the current from the receiving coil. An electric detonator detonates the explosive using the current stored in the storage unit.

JP 2018-96075 A JP-A-49-21627 JP 2010-270950 A WO2017/183662

Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) Next-Generation Marine Resources Exploration Technology (Zipangu Project in the Sea) Research and Development Plan Cabinet Office, April 1, 2018

In the detonating detonator disclosed in Patent Documents 1, 2, and 4 described above, a loop-shaped transmitting antenna that emits a long-wavelength electromagnetic wave is used in order to make it difficult for the charging radio wave to attenuate in the sea (underwater). be. However, loop antennas that generate long-wavelength electromagnetic waves are large and difficult to install.

When using the electric detonator disclosed in Patent Document 3 in the sea (underwater), it is conceivable to connect the electric detonator and the power source with a wire before throwing it into the sea. However, in this case, the electric detonator may be erroneously supplied with power. Therefore, after installing the electric detonator, it is conceivable to connect the electric detonator to the power supply with a wire. However, it is not easy to connect an electric detonator and a wire in the sea.

The site of the excavation work may be the bottom of the deep sea. In this case, the distance between the blasting controller mounted on the ship on the sea and the detonator including the electric detonator for detonating the explosives installed on the seabed is long. As a result, problems may occur, such as the need for long-distance wires, increased equipment costs, or attenuation of electric power from the blasting controller to the detonator.

Therefore, there is a need in the art for a blasting system that provides a streamlined connection between the blasting controller and the detonator.

One feature of the present disclosure is a blasting system for drilling a seabed or waterbed. The blasting system includes an explosive cartridge to be loaded on the seabed or the bottom of the water, a charging detonator connected to the explosive cartridge, and a blasting controller that issues a command signal from the sea or water. The blasting controller and the charging detonator are connected by a busbar. The charging detonator has a feeding communication device, a storage battery, and an electric detonator. The power supply communication device wirelessly supplies power based on a command signal from the blasting controller. The power storage charges the electric power wirelessly supplied from the feeding communication device. The electric detonator detonates the explosive cartridge based on the electric power charged in the storage battery. A repeater is installed in the middle of the bus line. The busbar has a control busbar that connects the blasting controller and the repeater, and a blasting busbar that connects the repeater and the explosive cartridge.

Therefore, the busbar is divided into a control busbar and a blasting busbar by a repeater. This avoids a single long-distance configuration of the bus bar from the ocean to the water or sea floor. For example, the control busbar and the blasting busbar can be wires of different materials or wires of different performance. This allows a rational connection between the blast controller and the detonator.

The rechargeable detonator also wirelessly provides power for the electric detonator. Therefore, erroneous power supply to the electric detonator can be suppressed. Also, the charging detonator including the feeder communicator is joined to the explosive cartridge, and the feeder communicator is also adjacent to the explosive cartridge. Therefore, the wireless distance for power supply is short, and the charge detonator can be made small.

According to another feature of the present disclosure, the repeater includes a power source and supplies power from the power source to the charge detonator through the blast busbar. Power is therefore supplied to the charge detonator from the repeater rather than from the offshore blast controller. Therefore, there is no need to supply power from the ocean to the repeater, and a power line for supplying power to the control bus connecting them is also eliminated.

According to another feature of the present disclosure, the control bus has optical fibers for carrying command signals from the blasting controller as optical signals. The repeater has a feeding-side photoelectric conversion communication circuit that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal. Therefore, since the control bus is an optical fiber, it is lighter than an electric wire and has a simple structure. Furthermore, since the optical signal is less attenuated in the optical fiber, the signal from the blasting controller to the charging detonator can be transmitted more accurately.

According to another feature of the present disclosure, the charging initiator has a transmission circuit for transmitting notification signals. The repeater has a reception-side photoelectric conversion communication circuit that converts an electrical signal, which is a notification signal received through the blasting bus, into an optical signal. The control bus has optical fibers that carry notification signals from the repeaters as optical signals to the blasting controller. The blasting controller can thus receive the notification signal as an optical signal. Therefore, since the control bus is an optical fiber, it is lighter than an electric wire and has a simple structure. Furthermore, since the optical signal is less attenuated in the optical fiber, the signal from the blasting controller to the charging detonator can be transmitted more accurately.

According to another feature of the disclosure, a blast busbar connects a plurality of cartridges in series. Therefore, the total length of the busbars can be shortened compared to the configuration having a plurality of blasting busbars connecting the repeater and each explosive cartridge.

According to another feature of the present disclosure, the repeater has a connector that engages an end of a blast busbar inserted into the repeater. Therefore, it is possible to connect the repeater and the blasting bus even in water, thereby improving workability. Alternatively, by delaying the time when electric power can be supplied, the safety of the installation work of the blasting system is improved.

According to another feature of the present disclosure, the repeater has a bus disconnector that disconnects the blasting bus from the repeater based on a command signal from the blasting controller. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the repeater from being involved in the explosion of the blasting work and recover the repeater. As a result, the repeater can be used repeatedly.

According to another feature of the present disclosure, the busbar decoupling machine has a busbar detonator for cutting the blasting busbar and a busbar detonator explosive detonated by the busbar detonator. Therefore, the blasting bus and the repeater can be separated with a relatively simple structure by detonating.

Another feature of the present disclosure is a blasting method in a blasting system. The blasting system has a charging detonator that detonates an explosive cartridge loaded on the bottom of the sea or the bottom of the water, and a blasting controller that transmits a command signal from the sea or water. The charging detonator and the blasting controller are connected by a busbar via a repeater. A blasting controller sends a command signal to the charging detonator via the busbar. The repeater stores a disconnection time for disconnecting the bus line from the repeater based on the command signal. A charge detonator stores the detonation time based on the command signal. The repeater disconnects the busbar from the repeater using a busbar disconnector provided in the repeater at the disconnection time. The charge detonator detonates the explosive cartridge at the detonation time, which is after the escape time for leaving the repeater from the explosion range has elapsed.

Therefore, by withdrawing the repeater from the explosion influence range of the blasting work before detonating the explosive cartridge using the charging detonator, damage can be prevented and the repeater can be recovered. As a result, the repeater can be used repeatedly.

1 is a schematic diagram of a blasting system; FIG. It is a side view of a repeater. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a charging detonator; 1 is a perspective view of a detonator mounted on the seabed or waterbed; FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a blasting system; FIG. It is a flow chart of blasting work in the blasting system. 4 is a flow chart of part of a blasting operation in the blasting system; 4 is a flow chart of part of a blasting operation in the blasting system;

One embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the blasting system 1 is used, for example, to excavate a sea bed 35 in deep sea 33 by blasting with explosives. The depth of the deep sea 33 is, for example, about 1000 to 1500 m from the sea surface 34 to the sea floor 35 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the blasting system 1 includes a blasting controller 3 installed on a mother ship 32 floating on the sea surface 34 , a plurality of explosive cylinders 30 installed on the seabed 35 , and a charging detonator provided in each explosive cylinder 30 . It has a device 2 . The blasting controller 3 is connected to the charging detonator 2 by busbars 5,6. Specifically, the blasting controller 3 is connected to the relay 4 by a control bus 5 , and the relay 4 is connected to the charging detonator 2 by a blasting bus 6 . A plurality of charging detonators 2 are connected in series by a blasting busbar 6 .

The blasting controller 3 mounted on the mother ship 32 shown in FIG. 1 has an input device, a display device, and a signal generator. The input device includes, for example, a keyboard, switches, touch panel, and the like. The display device includes, for example, a display, a lamp that turns on and off, and the like. The operator operates the input device while confirming the information displayed on the display device. For example, the display section displays the state of the charging detonator 2 and the like. The signal generator transmits a signal to the control bus 5 by the operator operating the input device.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the control bus 5 has a transmission communication line 5a for transmitting a signal from the blasting controller 3 to the repeater 4. As shown in FIG. Further, the control bus 5 has a receiving communication line 5b for transmitting the signal from the repeater 4 to the blasting controller 3. As shown in FIG. The communication lines 5a and 5b are, for example, optical communication lines that transmit signals as light. The transmission communication line 5a and the reception communication line 5b are protected by being covered with a coating. The transmission communication line 5a and the reception communication line 5b are, for example, optical fibers that are lightweight and whose signals are not easily attenuated. The control bus 5 extends to the repeater 4 located near the seabed 35 and is inserted through the repeater 4 .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the repeater 4 mediates transmission/reception of signals between the blasting controller 3 and the charging detonator 2 via the bus lines 5 and 6 . Further, the repeater 4 is provided with a power supply circuit 4c for supplying necessary electric power to the charge detonator 2 . The repeater 4 has a power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a and a reception side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b for transmitting and receiving signals. The photoelectric conversion communication circuits 4a and 4b have photoelectric conversion elements such as photodiodes, for example. The feeding-side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a converts an optical signal from the transmission communication line 5a of the control bus 5 into an electrical signal using a photoelectric conversion element. The reception-side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b uses a light-emitting element to convert the electrical signal from the blasting bus 6 into an optical signal, and transmits the optical signal to the receiving communication line 5b of the control bus 5. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a on the power supply side and the photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b on the reception side are electrically connected to a power supply circuit 4c and operated by power from the power supply of the power supply circuit 4c. The power supply circuit 4c supplies power to the blasting bus 6 based on the signal from the power feeding side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a. For this purpose, the power supply circuit 4c includes a switch that connects/disconnects the power supply of the power supply circuit 4c and the blasting bus 6, a CPU that operates the switch based on a signal from the power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a, and a program that operates the CPU. has a memory for storing Therefore, when a command signal is issued from the blasting controller 3 , power is supplied from the power source of the repeater 4 to the charging detonator 2 .

As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 has a busbar separator 4d that separates the blasting busbar 6 from the repeater 4 before the seabed 35 is blasted by the explosive cartridge 30 . When the detonation signal (command signal) is transmitted from the blasting controller 3, the detonation signal is sent to the CPU of the power supply circuit 4c through the power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a. The memory of the power supply circuit 4c stores a bus disconnection time (disconnection time) for operating the bus disconnector 4d based on the detonation signal. When the bus disconnection time is reached, the CPU activates the bus disconnector 4d. The bus line cutting time (cutting time) can be set to, for example, 60 seconds or more and about 300 seconds.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the bus bar separator 4 d is provided at the end of the blast bus bar 6 outside the case of the repeater 4 . The busbar separating device 4d has a busbar separating detonator 4h and a busbar separating explosive 4g. The busbar disconnecting detonator 4h is connected to the power source of the power supply circuit 4c, and by supplying power to the busbar disconnecting detonator 4h during the busbar disconnection time, the busbar disconnecting detonator 4h is detonated and the busbar is disconnected. The blasting bus line 6 is cut off by blasting 4 g of explosives for the purpose, and the repeater 4 is separated from the blasting bus line 6.例文帳に追加After pulling up the repeater 4 to a predetermined place, the explosive cartridge 30 blows up the seabed 35. - 特許庁

As shown in FIG. 2 , the repeater 4 is provided with a connector 4 i for connecting the blast bus 6 to the repeater 4 . The connector 4i has claws or the like that fit into the blasting busbar 6 when the blasting busbar 6 is inserted. Therefore, the operator can easily connect the blasting bus 6 to the repeater even underwater (in the sea).

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the blasting bus 6 has a communication line 6a, a receiving line 6b, and a power line 6c extending from the repeater 4 toward the charging detonator 2. As shown in FIGS. The communication line 6a, the receiving line 6b, and the power line 6c are conductive lines such as copper wires, and are covered with a film having water resistance and water pressure resistance. The communication line 6a is connected to these in order to send a signal from the power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a to the power supply circuit 7c of the power supply communication device 7. FIG. The receiving line 6b is connected to these to send a signal from the receiving circuit 7f of the feeding communication device 7 to the receiving side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b. A power line 6c is connected to the feeder communication device 7 to supply power from the power source of the repeater 4 to them.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the charging and detonating device 2 has a power supply communication device 7 that wirelessly transmits power and a power receiver 8 that wirelessly receives power. The power supply communication device 7 has a cylindrical power supply container 7a that seals various parts. The power supply container 7a is filled with a liquid, gel or solid filler to prevent water or seawater from entering. The filling is composed of a material, such as oil or resin, which is permeable to electromagnetic waves. The blasting busbar 6 is laterally inserted through the upper end of the power supply container 7a.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the feeding communication device 7 has a feeding circuit 7c electrically connected to the blasting bus 6, and a feeding coil 7e connected to the feeding circuit 7c by a feeding communication line 7d. The feeder circuit 7c transmits a specific current or signal to the feeder coil 7e in accordance with the electrical signal received from the communication line 6a of the blasting bus 6.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the feeding coil 7e has a coil wound in an annular shape for wirelessly supplying electric power. The number of turns of the coil is 1 or more, for example, 10 or more. The feed coil 7e is wound along the outer circumference of the assembly hole 7b. The current supplied from the repeater 4 is supplied to the feeding coil 7e through the feeding circuit 7c. An electric field or a magnetic field is generated around the feeding coil 7e by applying a current to the feeding coil 7e, and an electromagnetic wave is transmitted. When a current of a specific frequency, amplitude, and wavelength flows through the feed coil 7e, the feed coil 7e generates an electric field or a magnetic field and emits a specific electromagnetic wave. The frequency of electromagnetic waves is, for example, 100-500 KHz.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the feeding communication device 7 has a receiving circuit 7f electrically connected to the receiving line 6b of the blasting bus 6, and a receiving antenna 7h connected to the receiving circuit 7f by a communication line 7g. The receiving antenna 7h has, for example, an annularly wound coil for receiving a communication signal wirelessly transmitted from the power receiver 8 . The number of turns of the coil is, for example, one or more. When the receiving antenna 7h is exposed to a specific electromagnetic field, a current with a specific frequency, amplitude, and wavelength is generated, and the current can be received as a signal. The receiving antenna 7h specializes in receiving an electromagnetic field with a frequency different from that of the electromagnetic wave generated by the feeding coil 7e, for example, a higher frequency than the electromagnetic wave. Thereby, the electromagnetic wave generated by the feeding coil 7e and the electromagnetic wave received by the receiving antenna 7h can be differentiated. The frequency of electromagnetic waves that can be received by the receiving antenna 7h is, for example, 100 MHz or more and 1 GHz or less.

As shown in FIG. 4, an assembly hole 7b into which the power receiver 8 is fitted is provided in the lower portion of the power supply container 7a. The assembly hole 7b has a substantially cylindrical shape and has an opening on the lower side, into which the power receiver 8 is fitted from below. A receiving antenna 7h is arranged above the assembly hole 7b.

As shown in FIG. 4, the power receiver 8 receives power wirelessly supplied from the power supply communication device 7, charges the power, and detonates the explosive cartridge 30 at a predetermined time. The power receiver 8 has a cylindrical body portion 8a and a fitting portion 8b having a diameter smaller than that of the body portion 8a. The fitting portion 8b has a cylindrical shape, is positioned coaxially with the main body portion 8a, and protrudes from the main body portion 8a toward the feeding communication device 7. As shown in FIG. The container of the power receiver 8 is filled with a liquid, gel or solid filling to prevent water or seawater from entering.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the power receiver 8 has a power receiver coil 8 f that receives power wirelessly supplied from the power supply communication device 7 . The power receiving coil 8f has an annularly wound coil. The number of turns of the coil is 1 or more, for example, 10 or more. The receiving coil 8f generates current by being exposed to an electromagnetic field. Electric current is used for detonation and control power. When the power receiving coil 8f is exposed to a specific electromagnetic field, a current with a specific frequency, amplitude, and wavelength is generated, and the specific current can be received as a signal. The frequency of electromagnetic waves is, for example, 100-500 KHz. By inserting the fitting portion 8b of the power receiver 8 into the assembly hole 7b, the power receiving coil 8f is positioned radially inside the power feeding coil 7e and is brought close to the power feeding coil 7e.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the power receiver 8 has a transmission antenna 8 c for transmitting a signal to the feeding communication device 7 . The transmitting antenna 8c has, for example, an annularly wound coil. The number of turns of the coil is, for example, one or more. The transmission antenna 8c generates an electric field or a magnetic field and emits a specific electromagnetic wave when a current of a specific frequency, amplitude, and wavelength flows through the coil that constitutes the transmission antenna 8c. The transmitting antenna 8c specializes in transmitting an electromagnetic field with a frequency different from that of the electromagnetic wave received by the receiving coil 8f, for example, a higher frequency than the electromagnetic wave. Thereby, the electromagnetic wave generated by the transmitting antenna 8c and the electromagnetic wave received by the power receiving coil 8f can be differentiated. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the transmitting antenna 8c is, for example, 100 MHz or more and 1 GHz or less. The transmission antenna 8c is arranged concentrically with the reception antenna 7h and brought close to the reception antenna 7h by inserting the fitting portion 8b of the power receiver 8 into the assembly hole 7b.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the power receiver 8 has a detonation side controller 10 . As shown in FIG. 5, the detonation-side controller 10 has a power storage unit 11 that stores power wirelessly received by the power receiving coil 8f, and a detection circuit 14 that detects a predetermined signal from the radio waves received by the power receiving coil 8f. The power storage unit 11 has an initiation power storage unit 11a and a control power storage unit 11b. Both the detonation power storage unit 11a and the control power storage unit 11b include a power storage device capable of storing power (for example, a capacitor or the like). The detonation power storage unit 11a and the control power storage unit 11b store current and power generated by the power receiving coil 8f.

As shown in FIG. 5, the detection circuit 14 detects a predetermined signal from the radio waves received by the power receiving coil 8f and transmits the signal to the control circuit 13. FIG. The control circuit 13 has a CPU for controlling various components of the detonation side controller 10 based on signals from the detection circuit 14, and a memory for storing programs for operating the CPU. A serial number unique to the power receiver 8 (the charging detonator 2 (see FIG. 4)) is stored in advance in the memory. The control circuit 13 operates the resistance value measuring circuit 18 based on the command signal from the blasting controller 3 .

As shown in FIG. 5, the resistance value measuring circuit 18 is provided between the control circuit 13 and the electric detonator 9 to determine whether or not the electric detonator 9 that detonates the explosive cylinder 30 is normal. A resistance value measuring circuit 18 receives an instruction from the control circuit 13 to apply a weak current to the electric detonator 9 to measure the resistance value of the electric detonator 9 . The control circuit 13 activates the discharge circuit 12 when it determines that the resistance value of the electric detonator 9 is abnormal.

As shown in FIG. 5, the discharge circuit 12 discharges the current stored in the storage unit 11 when the control circuit 13 determines that the electric detonator 9 is abnormal. A discharge circuit 12 is provided between the control circuit 13 and the electric detonator 9 . The discharge circuit 12 is electrically connected to the detonation power storage unit 11a based on an instruction from the control circuit 13, and releases the electric power stored in the detonation power storage unit 11a.

As shown in FIG. 5, the control circuit 13 transmits whether the electric detonator 9 is normal or abnormal to the feeding communication device 7 via the transmission circuit 15 and the transmission antenna 8c. The transmission circuit 15 receives a signal from the control circuit 13, generates a current of a specific frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, and supplies the current to the transmission antenna 8c.

After the charge detonator 2 is ready for detonation, the detonation controller 3 issues an detonation signal. The detonation signal is transmitted to the control circuit 13 through the receiving coil 8f and the detection circuit 14 as shown in FIG. The control circuit 13 operates the switch circuit 16 based on the detonation signal. Switch circuit 16 is interposed between power storage unit 11 and electric detonator 9 . The switch circuit 16 is switched from the disconnected state to the connected state by the control circuit 13 to electrically connect the detonation power storage unit 11 a and the electric detonator 9 . As a result, electric power is supplied from the electric storage unit 11a for detonation to the electric detonator 9, and the explosive cylinder 30 explodes.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the explosive cartridge 30 is a tubular explosive body and is loaded into a loading hole 35a provided in the seabed 35. As shown in FIGS. The explosive tube 30 has a tube body and an explosive loaded in the tube body. The cylinder body seals the explosive to prevent seawater from entering. A charging detonator 2 is attached to one longitudinal end of the explosive cartridge 30 . The cartridge 30 contains, for example, a single explosive charge or multiple explosive charges connected in series longitudinally.

A flow of a blasting method for blasting the seabed 35 using the blasting system 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. First, the operator operates the blasting controller 3 to generate a command signal from the blasting controller 3 to prepare for blasting, as shown in FIG. 5 (step S1 in FIG. 6). The command signal is transmitted to the repeater 4 via the control bus 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) as a command optical signal which is an optical signal. The power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a of the repeater 4 converts the command light signal into an electric signal (step S2 in FIG. 6). An electrical signal is transmitted to the feeder communicator 7 via the blast bus 6 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). Based on the electrical signal, the power supply circuit 7c transmits the current for power supply (step S3 in FIG. 6). The feeding coil 7e that receives the feeding current emits an electromagnetic wave (step S4 in FIG. 6).

As shown in FIG. 5, the power receiving coil 8f receives electromagnetic waves and the power receiving coil 8f generates current. (Step S5 in FIG. 6). A current flows through the power storage unit 11, and the power storage unit 11a for initiation and the power storage unit 11b for control are charged (step S6 in FIG. 6). The control circuit 13 transmits a charging completion notification signal when it detects that the charging of the detonation power storage unit 11a and the control power storage unit 11b is completed. The control circuit 13 transmits the pre-stored serial number as a signal together with the charging completion signal (step S7 in FIG. 6). The transmission circuit 15 receives the charge completion notification signal (and the serial number of the charge initiator 2) from the control circuit 13 and converts it into a current (step S8 in FIG. 6). The converted current flows through the transmitting antenna 8c, and the transmitting antenna 8c emits electromagnetic waves (step S9 in FIG. 6).

As shown in FIG. 5, the receiving antenna 7h receives electromagnetic waves from the transmitting antenna 8c, and the receiving antenna 7h generates current (step S10 in FIG. 6). The receiving circuit 7f converts the current from the receiving antenna 7h into a charging completion notification signal and amplifies it (step S11 in FIG. 6). A charging completion notification signal is transmitted to the repeater 4 via the blasting bus 6 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The reception-side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b receives the charging completion notification signal and converts the charging completion notification signal into a notification light signal (step S12 in FIG. 6). A notification light signal is sent to the blasting controller 3 via the control bus 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The blasting controller 3 receives the notification light signal (step S13 in FIG. 6). The display of the blasting controller 3 displays the ready status of each power receiver 8 based on the serial number. The operator can thereby recognize that preparations for detonation of each charging detonator 2 are completed (step S14 in FIG. 6).

After performing step S6 as shown in FIG. 6, step S30 shown in FIG. 7 is also performed in parallel with step S7. As shown in FIG. 5, the detection circuit 14 receives the current from the receiving coil 8f, detects a signal from the current (step S30 in FIG. 7), and transmits the signal to the control circuit 13. FIG. The control circuit 13 transmits a signal to the resistance value measuring circuit 18 based on the signal. The resistance value measuring circuit 18 measures the resistance value of the electric detonator 9 using part of the electric power stored in the control power storage unit 11b as a weak current (step S31 in FIG. 7). Based on the measured resistance value, the control circuit 13 confirms whether or not there is a problem with the electric detonator 9 (step S32 in FIG. 7). If there is no problem, the control circuit 13 transmits an inspection completion signal to the transmission circuit 15 (step S33 in FIG. 7).

As shown in FIG. 5, the inspection completion signal transmitted from the transmission circuit 15 is sent as a current to the transmission antenna 8c. The transmitting antenna 8c transmits an inspection completion signal as an electromagnetic wave (step S34 in FIG. 7). The receiving antenna 7h receives the electromagnetic wave and converts it into a current (step S35 in FIG. 7). The receiving circuit 7f receives the current from the receiving antenna 7h as the inspection completion signal (step S36 in FIG. 7). The receiving circuit 7f transmits an inspection completion signal, and the reception side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b converts the inspection completion signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal (step S37 in FIG. 7). The optical signal is transmitted to the blasting controller 3 via the control bus 5 . The blasting controller 3 receives the optical signal indicating the completion of the inspection (step S38 in FIG. 7), and the display section of the blasting controller 3 displays the completion of the inspection (step S39 in FIG. 7).

After step S39 (see FIG. 7) and step S14 (see FIG. 6) are completed, the process of step S15 is performed. That is, the display section of the blasting controller 3 indicates that charging of the storage unit 11 has been completed (step S14) and that inspection of the electric detonator 9 has been completed (step S39). The operator confirms these displays and operates the input section of the blasting controller 3 . The blasting controller 3 transmits an initiation light signal based on the operation of the input unit (step S15 in FIG. 6). A detonation light signal is transmitted to the repeater 4 via the control bus 5 . The power-supply-side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a converts the ignition light signal into an electric signal, and transmits the electric signal to the power supply circuit 7c (step S16 in FIG. 6). The electrical signal is transmitted to the feed communication device 7 via the blasting bus line 6 .

As shown in FIG. 5, the feeder circuit 7c receives the detonation signal, converts it into a current, and transmits it to the feeder coil 7e (step S17 in FIG. 6). Due to the current flowing, the feed coil 7e transmits an initiation signal as an electromagnetic wave (step S18 in FIG. 6). The receiving coil 8f receives the detonation signal as an electromagnetic wave and generates a current (step S19 in FIG. 6). The detection circuit 14 detects the detonation signal based on the current from the receiving coil 8f (step S20 in FIG. 6). The detonation signal contains the detonation time corresponding to each serial number. The control circuit 13 records the initiation time of the corresponding serial number in the memory. When the timer of the control circuit 13 reaches the ignition time, the control circuit 13 turns on the switch circuit 16 (step S22 in FIG. 6). The detonation time differs for each serial number so that the seabed 35 can be efficiently and sequentially detonated.

After step S16 as shown in FIG. 6, step S25 shown in FIG. 8 is also performed in parallel with step S17. That is, in step S16, the power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a converts the initiation light signal into an electric signal. Based on the electrical signal, the repeater 4 records the bus disconnection time in the memory of the power supply circuit 4c (step S25 in FIG. 8). When the timer of the repeater 4 reaches the bus disconnection time, the power supply circuit 4c supplies power to the bus disconnection detonator 4h of the bus disconnector 4d. The bus disconnecting detonator 4h detonates the bus disconnecting explosive 4g (step S26 in FIG. 8). As a result, the blasting bus line 6 is disconnected from the repeater 4 . A recovery machine mounted on the mother ship 32 is used to recover the control bus 5. - 特許庁By recovering the control bus 5, the repeater 4 is recovered toward the mother ship 32 (step S27 in FIG. 8). Step S22 is performed after the repeater 4 moves away to a place where the impact of the blasting force of the explosive cartridge 30 is small. That is, the detonation time is later than the busbar disconnection time, and the repeater 4 is moved away from the explosive cartridge 30 in the time difference. The detonation time can be set to, for example, 360 seconds or more and about 600 seconds.

After step S27 (see FIG. 8) and step S21 (see FIG. 6) are completed, the control circuit 13 turns on the switch circuit 16 (step S22 in FIG. 6). The electric detonator 9 receives power from the detonating power storage unit 11a (step S23 in FIG. 6) and detonates the explosive cartridge 30 (step S24 in FIG. 6).

If the control circuit 13 determines in step S32 in FIG. 7 that there is a problem with the electric detonator 9, steps after step S40 are performed to stop the blasting operation. That is, the control circuit 13 transmits a discharge signal to the discharge circuit 12 as shown in FIG. (Step S40 in FIG. 7). The discharge circuit 12 discharges the ignition storage unit 11a based on the discharge signal (step S41 in FIG. 7). The discharge circuit 12 transmits a discharge completion signal to the control circuit 13 when the discharge of the electric storage unit 11a for initiation is completed (step S42 in FIG. 7). Information of the serial number corresponding to the charge initiator 2 is also included in the discharge completion signal.

As shown in FIG. 5, the control circuit 13 transmits the discharge completion signal to the transmission circuit 15 (step S43 in FIG. 7), and the transmission circuit 15 transmits the discharge completion signal as current to the transmission antenna 8c (step S43 in FIG. 7). S44). The transmitting antenna 8c transmits a discharge completion signal (step S45 in FIG. 7), and the receiving antenna 7h receives the discharge completion signal. The receiving circuit 7f extracts the discharge completion signal based on the current from the receiving antenna 7h (step S46 in FIG. 7). The receiving circuit 7f transmits a discharge completion signal to the receiving side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b (step S47 in FIG. 7). The receiving side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b converts the discharge completion signal into an optical signal and transmits it (step S48 in FIG. 7). The blasting controller 3 receives the discharge completion signal as an optical signal (step S49 in FIG. 7), and the display unit of the blasting controller 3 indicates that the electric power of the electric storage unit 11 has been discharged and the serial number of the charge initiator 2 that has discharged. The number is displayed (step S50 in FIG. 7). As a result, the operator knows that the electric detonator 9 with a specific serial number has an abnormality and that the electric power of the electric storage unit 11 has been discharged.

The blasting system 1 is configured as described above. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the blasting system 1 has an explosive cartridge 30 loaded on the seabed, a charging detonator 2 connected to the explosive cartridge 30, and a blasting controller 3 that transmits command signals. The blasting controller 3 and the charging detonator 2 are connected by busbars (control busbar 5 and blasting busbar 6). As shown in Figs. The power supply communication device 7 wirelessly supplies power based on a command signal from the blasting controller 3 . The power storage 11 is charged with electric power wirelessly supplied from the power supply communication device 7 . The electric detonator 9 detonates the explosive cartridge 30 based on the electric power charged in the storage battery 11 . As shown in FIG. 1, a repeater 4 is provided in the middle of the bus line. The bus has a control bus 5 connecting the blasting controller 3 and the repeater 4 and a blasting bus 6 connecting the repeater 4 and the charge detonator 2 .

Therefore, the busbar is divided into a control busbar 5 and a blasting busbar 6 by a repeater 4 . This avoids a single long-distance configuration of the bus bar from the ocean to the water or sea floor. For example, the control bus 5 and the blasting bus 6 can be made of different materials or have different performance. Thereby, the blasting controller 3 and the charging detonator 2 can be rationally connected.

As shown in FIG. 4, the charging detonator 2 supplies power for the electric detonator 9 wirelessly. Therefore, it is possible to prevent power from being supplied to the electric detonator 9 due to a short circuit or the like. Also, the charging detonator 2 including the power supply communication device 7 is joined to the explosive cartridge 30 (see FIG. 3), and the power supply communication device 7 is also close to the explosive cartridge 30 . Therefore, the wireless distance for power supply is short, and the charge detonator 2 can be made small.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the repeater 4 includes a power supply (power supply circuit 4 c ), and supplies power from the power supply to the charge detonator 2 through the blast bus 6 . Power is therefore supplied from the repeater 4 to the charge detonator 2 (see FIG. 1) rather than from the offshore blast controller 3 . Therefore, it becomes unnecessary to supply electric power from the sea to the repeater 4, and a power line for supplying electric power to the control bus 5 connecting them becomes unnecessary.

As shown in FIG. 2, the control bus 5 has optical fibers for transmitting command signals from the blasting controller 3 (see FIG. 1) as optical signals. The repeater 4 has a feeding-side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal. Therefore, since the control bus 5 is an optical fiber, it is lighter than an electric wire and has a simple structure. Furthermore, since the optical signal is hard to attenuate in the optical fiber, the signal from the blasting controller 3 to the charging detonator 2 can be transmitted more accurately.

As shown in FIG. 5, the charge initiator 2 has a transmission circuit 15 for transmitting a notification signal. As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 has a receiving side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b that converts an electric signal, which is a notification signal received through the blast bus 6, into an optical signal. The control bus 5 has an optical fiber for transmitting the notification signal from the repeater 4 to the blasting controller 3 as an optical signal. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the blasting controller 3 can receive the notification signal as an optical signal. Therefore, since the control bus 5 is an optical fiber, it is lighter than an electric wire and has a simple structure. Furthermore, since the optical signal is hard to attenuate in the optical fiber, the signal from the blasting controller 3 to the charging detonator 2 can be transmitted more accurately.

As shown in FIG. 1, the blasting busbar 6 connects a plurality of explosive cartridges 30 in series. Therefore, the total length of the busbars can be shortened compared to the configuration having a plurality of blasting busbars 6 connecting the repeaters 4 and the explosive cylinders 30 in parallel.

As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 has a connector 4i that engages the end of the blast busbar 6 inserted into the repeater 4. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the repeater 4 and the blasting bus 6 can be connected even underwater, thereby improving workability. Alternatively, by delaying the time when electric power can be supplied, the safety of the installation work of the blasting system is improved.

As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 has a bus disconnector 4d that separates the blasting bus 6 from the repeater 4 based on a command signal from the blasting controller 3 (see FIG. 1). Therefore, the repeater 4 can be prevented from being involved in the explosion of the blasting work, and the repeater 4 can be recovered. As a result, the repeater 4 can be used repeatedly.

As shown in FIG. 2, the busbar separation machine 4d has a busbar separation detonator 4h for cutting the blasting busbar 6 and a busbar separation explosive 4g that is triggered by the busbar separation detonator 4h. Therefore, the blasting bus line 6 and the repeater 4 can be separated with a relatively simple structure by detonating.

As shown in FIG. 1, the blasting system 1 has a charging detonator 2 that detonates an explosive cartridge 30 loaded on the seabed or the bottom of the water, and a blasting controller 3 that transmits a command signal from the sea or water. The charging detonator 2 and the blasting controller 3 are connected by a busbar via a repeater 4 . A blasting controller 3 sends a command signal to the charging detonator 2 via the bus. A disconnection time for the repeater 4 to disconnect the bus line from the repeater is stored based on the command signal. The charging detonator 2 stores the detonation time based on the command signal. During the cutting time, the repeater 4 cuts off the bus line (blasting bus line 6) from the repeater 4 using the bus line disconnecting machine 4d (see FIG. 2) provided in the repeater machine. The charging detonator 2 detonates the explosive cartridge 30 at the detonation time after the elapse of the evacuation time for leaving the repeater 4 from the explosion range.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, before the charge detonator 2 is used to detonate the explosive cartridge 30, the repeater 4 is retracted from the explosion influence range of the blasting work, thereby preventing damage and recovering the repeater 4. As a result, the repeater 4 can be used repeatedly.

The blasting system 1 is used to blast the sea bed 35 as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the blasting system 1 may be used to blast the bottom of ponds, lakes, rivers, etc. that store water.

As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 has a power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a and a reception side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b. In place of this, a power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a and a reception side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b are provided in the power supply communication device 7 of each charge detonator 2. FIG. In this case, like the control bus 5, the blasting bus 6 can be an optical communication line such as an optical cable.

As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 has a power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a and a reception side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b. Alternatively, the repeater 4 may be configured so as not to have the power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4a and the reception side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b. In this case, as with the blasting bus 6, the control bus 5 is a current-carrying wire such as a copper wire. Since the control bus 5 and the blasting bus 6 are relayed by the repeater 4, the current-carrying wires of the control bus 5 and the blasting bus 6 can be made of different materials or have different diameters.

As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 is provided with a power supply (power supply circuit 4c). Instead of this, a power supply may be provided in the feeding communication device 7 of each charge detonator 2 . In this case, the number of current-carrying lines required for the blasting bus 6 connecting the repeater 4 and the charging detonator 2 can be reduced.

As shown in FIG. 2, the busbar separation machine 4d has a busbar separation detonator 4h for cutting the blasting busbar 6 and a busbar separation explosive 4g that is triggered by the busbar separation detonator 4h. That is, the blasting busbar 6 and the repeater 4 are separated by cutting the blasting busbar 6 by the explosive force of the busbar separating explosive 4g. Instead of this, another configuration for automatically separating the repeater 4 and the blasting bus 6 may be provided. For example, an electronic switch actuated by a signal may be provided in the connector 4i, and the blasting busbar 6 may be disconnected from the connector 4i by the operation of the electronic switch.

As shown in FIG. 2, the control bus 5 has two communication lines (for example, optical fibers) 5a and 5b. Alternatively, the control bus line 5 may be composed of a single communication line (for example, an optical fiber), and the single line may be used for transmission and reception.

As shown in FIG. 1, the blasting bus 6 connects a plurality of charging detonators 2 in series. Alternatively, the repeater 4 and each charge detonator 2 may be connected by each blast bus 6, that is, the repeater 4 and each charge detonator 2 may be connected in parallel.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the feeding communication device 7 has a receiving circuit 7f and a receiving antenna 7h. Alternatively, the feeding communication device 7 may be configured without the receiving circuit 7f and the receiving antenna 7h.

As shown in FIG. 5, the power receiver 8 is provided with a discharge circuit 12 for discharging the power storage unit 11a for initiation. Alternatively, the power receiver 8 may not have the discharge circuit 12 . In the case of this structure, only the control power storage unit 11b may be charged during the first charge. After that, the resistance value of the electric detonator 9 is checked by the resistance value measuring circuit 18, and if there is no abnormality, the power storage unit 11a for detonation may be charged.

As shown in FIG. 5, the power receiver 8 has a resistance value measuring circuit 18 for confirming the malfunction of the electric detonator 9 . Alternatively, the power receiver 8 may not have the resistance value measuring circuit 18 .

As shown in FIG. 2, the repeater 4 has a busbar disconnector 4d. Alternatively, the repeater 4 may be configured without the bus disconnector 4d. As shown in FIG. 2 , the bus disconnector 4 d may cut the connecting portion between the blasting bus 6 and the repeater 4 , or cut the blasting bus 6 near the repeater 4 .

As shown in FIG. 1, the cartridge 30 is inserted into a loading hole 35a in the seabed 35. As shown in FIG. Alternatively, the cartridge 30 may be inserted into an existing crevice in the seabed 35 or placed on the seabed 35 . A portion of the charge detonator 2 is located outside the sea bed 35 as shown in FIG. Alternatively, all of the charging detonator 2 may be located within the sea bed 35 or all may be located outside the sea bed 35 .

1 blasting system 2 charge detonator 3 blasting controller 4 repeater 4a power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4b receiving side photoelectric conversion communication circuit 4c power supply circuit (power supply)
4i connector 5 control bus (bus)
6 Blasting busbar (busbar)
9 electric detonator 11 power storage (storage unit)
15 transmission circuit 30 explosive cartridge 35 sea bed

Claims (9)

A blasting system for drilling a sea bed or seabed, comprising:
an explosive cartridge to be loaded on the seabed or on the bottom of the water;
a charging detonator joined to the cartridge;
A blasting control machine that transmits a command signal from the sea or water,
a busbar connecting the blasting controller and the charging detonator,
The charging and detonating device includes a power supply communication device that wirelessly supplies power based on the command signal from the blasting controller, a power storage device that charges the power wirelessly supplied from the power supply communication device, and the power storage device. having an electric detonator that detonates the explosive cartridge based on the electric power charged in the
A repeater is provided in the middle of the bus line,
The blasting system, wherein the busbar includes a control busbar connecting the blasting controller and the repeater, and a blasting busbar connecting the repeater and the explosive cartridge. A blasting system according to claim 1, comprising:
A blasting system in which the repeater includes a power supply, and supplies power from the power supply to the charging detonator through the blasting bus. A blasting system according to claim 1 or 2,
The control bus has an optical fiber that transmits the command signal from the blasting controller as an optical signal,
A blasting system in which the repeater has a power supply side photoelectric conversion communication circuit for converting the optical signal into an electrical signal. A blasting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The charging detonator has a transmission circuit that transmits a notification signal,
The repeater has a receiving side photoelectric conversion communication circuit that converts an electrical signal, which is the notification signal received through the blasting bus, into an optical signal,
A blasting system in which said control bus has an optical fiber for conveying said notification signal from said repeater as an optical signal to said blasting controller. A blasting system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The blasting system, wherein the repeater has a connector that engages an end of the blast busbar inserted into the repeater. A blasting system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Having a plurality of the explosive cartridges,
The blasting system, wherein the blasting busbar connects a plurality of the explosive cartridges in series. A blasting system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The blasting system, wherein the repeater includes a bus disconnector for separating the blasting bus from the repeater based on the command signal from the blasting controller. A blasting system according to claim 7, comprising:
The busbar detaching machine is a blasting system having a busbar detaching detonator for cutting the blasting busbar and a busbar detaching explosive detonated by the busbar detonating detonator. A charging detonator for detonating an explosive cartridge loaded on the seabed or the bottom of the water, a blasting controller for transmitting a command signal from the sea or on the water, and the charging detonator and the blasting controller are connected via a repeater. A blasting method in a blasting system having a busbar, comprising:
The blasting controller transmits the command signal to the charging detonator via the bus line, and the repeater stores a disconnection time for disconnecting the bus line from the repeater based on the command signal,
the charging detonator stores a detonation time based on the command signal;
the repeater disconnecting the bus from the repeater using a bus disconnector provided in the repeater at the disconnection time;
A blasting method in which the charging detonator detonates the explosive cartridge during the detonation time, which is after a withdrawal time for leaving the repeater from the explosion range has elapsed.

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