JP7158994B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a multitasking machine equipped with a laser processing unit that irradiates a workpiece with a laser beam to perform processing such as metal lamination, metal molding, and hardening.

In recent years, in the process of working a workpiece with a machine tool, not only cutting, but also metal lamination, metal modeling, and surface hardening by quenching may be performed. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a processing tool for processing a workpiece, a laser processing unit for surface hardening the workpiece by laser hardening, and a vibration processing unit equipped with a vibration processing tool capable of vibrating the tip. An invention is disclosed in which processing before surface hardening processing, surface hardening processing, and finishing processing after surface hardening processing can be performed with a single apparatus. In the laser processing unit here, a holder portion (joint portion) similar to the tool holder is formed on an L-shaped joint equipped with a laser oscillator, and the holder portion (coupling portion) is clamped to the spindle to It can be attached to

JP 2018-79540 A

In the above-described conventional machine tool, when hardening or the like is performed using the laser processing unit, the laser beam irradiated to the work is reflected to generate reflected light, and this reflected light may hit the joint. Therefore, when the output of the laser beam is large or when continuous processing is performed for a long period of time, the temperature of the joint becomes high, and the heat may be transmitted to the spindle head and damage the internal bearings and the like. If the output of the laser beam is lowered or the processing time is shortened in order to prevent this, the processing efficiency will decrease.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool capable of performing laser machining while preventing adverse effects of reflected light on the spindle head without lowering the laser beam output or shortening the machining time. It is a thing.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is a spindle head capable of machining a workpiece with a detachably mounted tool and having a cooling channel capable of supplying coolant to the mounted tool. and a coolant supply means capable of supplying coolant to the cooling channel, and a laser processing unit capable of irradiating the workpiece with a laser beam, wherein the laser processing unit supports a laser oscillator and the laser oscillator. and a joint, wherein the joint is provided with a coupling portion that can be attached to and detached from the spindle head so that the joint can be attached to the spindle head, wherein at least the inside of the joint in the laser processing unit contains a coolant is formed, and the upstream side of the joint cooling path communicates with the cooling path through the connecting portion in a state of being attached to the spindle head, while the joint cooling path of the The downstream side is connected to the coolant supply means, and the coolant supplied to the cooling passage returns to the coolant supply means again after passing through the joint cooling passage .

According to the present invention, since the joint cooling path is provided in the joint, the temperature of the joint does not become high even if the output of the laser beam is large or continuous processing is performed for a long time. There is no risk of damage to bearings, etc. Therefore, it is possible to perform laser machining that prevents the reflected light from adversely affecting the spindle head without lowering the output of the laser beam or shortening the machining time.

1 is a front view of a multi-tasking machine; FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a spindle head; It is an explanatory view of a laser processing unit. It is explanatory drawing which shows a laser processing state.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a multitasking machine 1 which is an example of the machine tool of the present invention.
This multitasking machine 1 includes a bed 2, a machine frame 3 fixed thereon, a spindle head 4, its rotary feed mechanism 5, a workpiece spindle 6 for holding a workpiece W, a tailstock 7, One or more cutting tools 8 as tools, a cutting tool storage section 9 for storing the same, a laser processing unit 10, a laser processing unit storage section 11 for storing the same, and for finishing after hardening. It comprises a vibration cutting unit 12, a vibration cutting unit storage section 13 for storing this, an operation panel 15 having a display section 14 capable of displaying various information, and a control means 16 for controlling these.

The spindle head 4 is moved with respect to the machine frame 3 by the feed mechanism 17 of the rotary feed mechanism 5 in the X-axis direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1), the Y-axis direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1), and the Z-axis direction. (left and right direction in FIG. 1). Further, it is installed so as to be rotatable (tiltable) in the B-axis direction, which is the rotation direction around the Y-axis, by the rotation mechanism having the rotation shaft 18 of the rotary feed mechanism 5 .
Further, the spindle head 4 has, as shown in FIG. A drawbar 22 is provided at the center of the spindle 21 so as to be vertically movable in the axial direction, and a tool clamping mechanism 23 is provided at the lower end of the spindle 21 to clamp/unclamp a tool holder by moving the drawbar 22 vertically. there is
A cooling passage 24 is provided in the axial center of the drawbar 22 and in the housing of the spindle head 4 so as to supply coolant supplied from an external coolant supplying means (not shown) to the cooling passage provided in the tool holder. .

The work spindle 6 is arranged on the lower left side (Z-axis negative side) of the machine frame 3, and has a work clamping mechanism 30 (work chuck) for clamping the work W on the right side. The end of the workpiece W on the Z-axis negative side is gripped by the workpiece clamping mechanism 30 . The workpiece W may be of any type, but a columnar or cylindrical workpiece is preferable, and the columnar or cylindrical workpiece W should be held with its axial direction being the Z-axis direction. is preferred.
The work spindle 6 also has a work rotation mechanism 31 that rotates the clamped work around the Z-axis, which is the C-axis. The positive side of the C-axis is the side proceeding clockwise when viewed from the negative side of the Z-axis in the positive direction.

The tailstock 7 is arranged on the lower right side (positive side of the Z axis) of the machine frame 3 and faces the work spindle 6 .
The tailstock 7 includes a center 32 and an expansion mechanism 33 that expands and contracts in the Z-axis direction, and approaches the work W to carry out tail pushing of the work W.

The laser processing unit 10, as also shown in FIG. and an L-shaped joint 42 in front view.
The wiring portion 41 is connected to the power source, the control means 16, and the coolant supply means through the laser processing unit storage portion 11 .
The joint 42 protrudes leftward with respect to the laser oscillator 40 , and a coupling portion 43 provided on the upper portion of the leftward protruding portion is formed in the same shape as the above-described tool holder, thereby It is formed to be clamped/unclamped by the clamping mechanism 23 . That is, the laser processing unit 10 is attached to the spindle head 4 by clamping the joint 42 to the tool clamping mechanism 23 via the coupling portion 43 .

The laser processing unit 10 is provided with a joint cooling passage 44 that extends from the coupling portion 43 through the joint 42 to the housing of the laser oscillator 40 and is connected to coolant supply means through a pipe (not shown) in the wiring portion 41. there is
Therefore, when the laser processing unit 10 is attached to the spindle head 4 , the joint cooling passage 44 communicates with the cooling passage 24 of the spindle head 4 , and the coolant supplied from the coolant supply means flows through the cooling passage 24 . A circulation path is formed that passes through the joint cooling path 44 in order and returns to the coolant supply means.

The vibration cutting unit 12 has a vibrating section 50 , a wiring section 51 that integrates wiring for supplying electric power, signals, and the like to the vibrating section 50 , and a joint 52 provided on the left side of the vibrating section 50 . The vibration cutting unit 12 is for finish machining after quenching, but may be used for part or all of the machining before quenching.
The vibrating section 50 includes a vibrating cutting tool 54 attached to a tip portion 53 (lower end portion). The vibration cutting tool 54 is for ultra-precision machining (single-crystal diamond tool) and is capable of withstanding strong elliptical vibration (including circular vibration) and the resulting cutting load. It should be noted that other types of tools may be used as the vibration cutting tool 54 .
The vibrating section 50 includes two piezoelectric elements (not shown), and by driving these piezoelectric elements, it is possible to apply elliptical vibration to the vibration cutting tool 54 and elliptically vibrate the cutting edge of the vibration cutting tool 54. be.
The joint 52 has a connecting portion 43 like the joint 42 of the laser processing unit 10 , and is attached to the spindle head 4 by clamping the connecting portion 43 to the tool clamping mechanism 23 .

The control means 16 has a processor 60 and a memory 61 , and the memory 61 stores a machining program 62 . The processor 60 refers to the memory 61 and executes the machining program 62 to control the machining of the work W. FIG.

When machining the work W in the multitasking machine 1 configured as described above, the control means 16 first causes the work W to be mounted on the work clamping mechanism 30 of the work spindle 6, and moves the tailstock 7 in the Z-axis negative direction. The spindle head 4 is moved to the cutting tool storage section 9 by the rotary feed mechanism 5 and the cutting tool 8 is attached to the spindle 21 via the tool clamping mechanism 23 .
Then, the control means 16 moves the spindle head 4 with the cutting tool 8 to a position adjacent to the workpiece W, and performs cutting through the spindle head 4 according to the rough machining procedure previously input through the operation panel 15 and stored in the memory 61. The tool 8 is applied to the work W to cut the work W.

Next, after storing the cutting tool 8 in the cutting tool storage section 9 , the control means 16 moves the spindle head 4 to the laser processing unit storage section 11 , and laser-machines the spindle 21 via the tool clamping mechanism 23 . Mount the unit 10.
Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the control means 16 moves the spindle head 4 with the laser processing unit 10 to a position adjacent to the work W, and follows the quenching procedure previously inputted through the operation panel 15 and stored in the memory 61. A laser beam L generated by a laser oscillator 40 is applied to the work W, and the work W is quenched while the work W is rotated in the C-axis direction.
At the same time, the control means 16 operates the coolant supply means to supply the coolant from the cooling passage 24 of the spindle head 4 to the joint cooling passage 44 of the laser processing unit 10 to circulate the coolant. As a result, the joint 42 is cooled, so that the laser beam L applied to the work W is reflected to generate the reflected light L', and even if the reflected light L' hits the joint 42, the temperature rise of the joint 42 is suppressed. .

When hardening is completed, the control means 16 stores the laser processing unit 10, moves the spindle head 4 to the vibration cutting unit storage section 13, and attaches the vibration cutting unit 12 to the spindle 21 via the tool clamping mechanism 23. Let
Then, the control means 16 moves the spindle head 4 with the vibration cutting unit 12 to a position adjacent to the workpiece W, and according to the post-hardening finish machining procedure previously input through the operation panel 15 and stored in the memory 61, the spindle head is moved. 4, the vibration cutting tool 54 is applied to the workpiece W, and finish machining of the workpiece W after quenching is performed. That is, the vibration cutting tool 54 is applied to the work W while being elliptically vibrated via the tip portion 53 by the vibrating portion 50 of the vibration cutting unit 12, and the work W is cut by vibration.

As described above, according to the multi-tasking machine 1 of the above-described configuration, the interior of the joint 42 communicates with the cooling flow path 24 in a state of being attached to the spindle head 4 , and the coolant supplied from the coolant supply means flows through the coupling portion 43 . Since a joint cooling path 44 is formed through which the joint 42 can pass through, the temperature of the joint 42 does not become high even if the output of the laser beam is large or continuous processing is performed for a long time. This eliminates the risk of damage to the bearings and the like due to transmission to the bearing. Therefore, laser machining can be performed while preventing the reflected light from adversely affecting the spindle head 4 without lowering the output of the laser beam or shortening the machining time.

Depending on the shape of the joint, the joint cooling path may be branched into a plurality of paths within the joint, may be meandering within the joint, or may be arbitrarily selected.
Also, in the above embodiment, the joint cooling path is formed from the joint to the housing of the laser oscillator, but the joint cooling path may be provided only in the joint and connected to the coolant supply means through piping separate from the wiring portion. Furthermore, the coolant during laser processing may be jetted toward the processing area without being collected. Joint cooling passages can also be provided in the joints of the vibratory cutting unit.

In addition, the multitasking machine is not limited to the above configuration, and for example, the arrangement of the laser processing unit and the vibration cutting unit may be changed, or the vibration cutting unit may be omitted.
Further, the processing before quenching is not limited to cutting, and may be bonding, welding, or the like. The cooling effect of the joint cooling path can be obtained not only when the laser processing unit is used for quenching, but also when it is used for metal lamination processing or metal shaping processing.
Furthermore, the present invention is applicable not only to multitasking machines in which a work is rotated by a work spindle, but also to machine tools in which a work is clamped on a table.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Multi-tasking machine, 2... Bed, 3... Machine frame, 4... Spindle head, 8... Cutting tool, 10... Laser processing unit, 12... Vibration cutting unit, 16... Control means , 21 Main shaft 22 Drawbar 23 Tool clamping mechanism 24 Cooling channel 40 Laser oscillator 42 Joint 43 Coupling 44 Joint cooling channel 50 Vibration part, W work, L laser light, L' reflected light.

Claims (1)

a spindle head capable of machining a workpiece with a detachably mounted tool and having a cooling channel capable of supplying coolant to the mounted tool;
a coolant supply means capable of supplying coolant to the cooling channel;
a laser processing unit capable of irradiating the workpiece with a laser beam,
The laser processing unit is a machine tool that includes a laser oscillator and a joint that supports the laser oscillator, and the joint is provided with a coupling portion that can be attached to and detached from the spindle head so that it can be attached to the spindle head. There is
A joint cooling passage through which coolant can pass is formed at least inside the joint in the laser processing unit,
The upstream side of the joint cooling path communicates with the cooling path through the connecting portion in a state of being attached to the spindle head, while the downstream side of the joint cooling path is connected to the coolant supply means,
A machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the coolant supplied to the cooling passage returns to the coolant supply means after passing through the joint cooling passage .

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