JP7157782B2 - Apparatus for crushing and carbonizing waste plastics, etc., and method for crushing and carbonizing waste plastics - Google Patents
Apparatus for crushing and carbonizing waste plastics, etc., and method for crushing and carbonizing waste plastics Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 50
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000209128 Bambusa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
Landscapes
- Coke Industry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
この発明は、廃プラスチック、廃材、廃竹その他の粉砕・炭化装置及び粉砕・炭化方法に関するものである。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a pulverizing/carbonizing apparatus and a pulverizing/carbonizing method for waste plastics, waste wood, waste bamboo and others.
従来、廃プラスチック等の廃棄物の処理方法に関する提案があった（特許文献１）。
すなわち、従来、家庭や料理店、食品工場等で発生する生ごみ等の廃棄物は、集積場等に集められた後、燃料を用いて焼却するか、微生物を用いて腐敗分解させる方法により処理されていた。また、その他の廃棄物においては焼却処理をして廃棄処分していた。
しかしながら、前記焼却及び微生物による処理方法では、廃棄物を単に減量して、埋め立て処分等が行われるだけなので、大量に発生する廃棄物を資源として有効に活用できないという問題があった。さらに、焼却による処理方法では、塩素等を含むプラスチック材が包装材として廃棄物中に含まれていることが多いために、廃棄物の焼却過程でダイオキシン等の有毒物質が発生する恐れがあり、このための処理が別途必要である。また、微生物を用いて腐敗分解させる処理方法では、長時間の処理を要するので大量の生ごみを効率的に処理するのは困難であるという問題があった。
従来提案は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、食品工場あるいは一般家庭等で大量に発生する生ごみ等の廃棄物や水分を多量に含む有機性廃棄物から有用な燃料となる資源を得ることができ、しかも、有毒物質を生成することなく安全かつ、効率的に廃棄物を処理することのできる廃棄物の処理方法を提供することを目的とする、というものである。
これに対し、廃棄物から高品位な再生利用を図ることができる廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化装置及び粉砕・炭化方法が欲しいという要望があった。
Conventionally, there has been a proposal regarding a method for treating waste such as waste plastic (Patent Document 1).
In other words, conventionally, garbage such as raw garbage generated in homes, restaurants, food factories, etc. is collected in a collection site, etc., and then incinerated using fuel, or putrefied and decomposed using microorganisms. It had been. Other wastes were disposed of by incineration.
However, the incineration and microbial treatment methods simply reduce the amount of waste and landfill it, so there is a problem in that a large amount of generated waste cannot be effectively used as a resource. Furthermore, in disposal methods by incineration, there is a risk that toxic substances such as dioxins may be generated during the incineration process of waste because plastic materials containing chlorine, etc., are often included in the waste as packaging materials. Processing for this is required separately. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to efficiently dispose of a large amount of food waste in the disposal method of putrefaction and decomposition using microorganisms because it takes a long time to treat.
Conventional proposals were made in view of this situation, and resources that can be used as useful fuel from waste such as food waste and organic waste containing a large amount of water that are generated in large quantities at food factories and general households. To provide a method for treating waste, which can obtain , and can treat the waste safely and efficiently without producing toxic substances.
On the other hand, there has been a demand for a pulverization/carbonization apparatus and a pulverization/carbonization method for waste plastics and the like that can achieve high-quality recycling from waste.
そこでこの発明は、廃プラスチック、廃材、廃竹その他から高品位な再生利用を図ることができる粉砕・炭化装置及び粉砕・炭化方法を提供しようとするものである。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pulverizing/carbonizing apparatus and a pulverizing/carbonizing method capable of high-quality recycling of waste plastics, waste wood, waste bamboo, and the like.
前記課題を解決するためこの発明では次のような技術的手段を講じている。
（１）この発明の廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化装置は、複数片の被処理物に圧力をかけて凝縮・固化させる凝縮・固化機構と、前記凝縮・固化物を粉砕する粉砕機構と、前記粉砕機構による粉砕物を炭化する炭化機構とを有することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following technical measures.
(1) The apparatus for crushing and carbonizing waste plastics, etc. of the present invention comprises: a condensation/solidification mechanism for applying pressure to a plurality of pieces of the object to be treated to condense/solidify; a crushing mechanism for crushing the condensed/solidified matter; and a carbonization mechanism for carbonizing the material pulverized by the pulverization mechanism.
（２）この発明の廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化方法は、複数片の被処理物に圧力をかけて凝縮・固化させる凝縮・固化工程と、前記凝縮・固化物を粉砕する粉砕工程と、前記粉砕工程による粉砕物を炭化する炭化工程とを有することを特徴とする。
ここで、前記被処理物（廃プラスチック等）として、廃プラスチック製品類（PE、PET、PP、PVC、ABS、ナイロン樹脂等）、各種樹脂成型材、廃材、廃竹、木材、衣類の生地、壁紙材その他の（熱分解による）炭化が可能な（固形）物質を例示することが出来る。スポンジ状のウレタンフォーム、ポリオレフィンの発泡体（ペフ、断熱材等）なども例示することが出来る。
この廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化方法では、複数片の被処理物に圧力をかけて凝縮（ちぢまる）・固化（かたまる）させる凝縮・固化工程を有するので、被処理物がばらばらに散在しない凝縮・固化（ちぢまってかたまった）状態とすることが出来る。
例えば、被処理物に圧力をかけて棒状、ブロック状などのような押し込んで粉砕し易い所望の形状にすることが出来る。この凝縮・固化工程では、連続的に処理することが可能な形状とすることが好ましい。
そして、凝縮・固化して体積（嵩）を減らすことにより後段の粉砕工程の粉砕効率を上げるとともに、圧縮により被処理物の弾性を打ち消すことで粉砕工程の粉砕効率を上げることが出来る。
また、前記凝縮・固化物を粉砕（砕いて細かくし後述の破砕より小さな部分に分割）する粉砕工程を有するので、ばらばらに散在しない凝縮・固化状態で効率よく粉砕することが出来る。
粉砕の態様として、磨砕、裁断（カッティング）などを例示することが出来る。粉砕の手段として、棒状、ブロック状などに成形した凝縮・固化物を、磨砕突起を有する磨砕回転円盤、裁断回転刃などを用いて、一律に圧力をかけつつ（例えば大根おろし風、ジューサー・ミキサー風に）機械的に粉砕して粉々にしていくことが出来る。
具体的には、凝縮・固化物の先端から順次に粉砕されていくこととなる。この凝縮・固化物の先端域を温度制御（後述）するようにしてもよい。
さらに、前記粉砕工程による粉砕物を炭化（熱分解して炭素分に富んだ物質にする）する炭化工程を有するので、粉砕したサイズからほぼ粒径が揃った略均一炭化物を得ることが出来る。
ここで、粉砕物が大きいと炭化工程で中心部まで熱が伝わりにくいので、そのサイズを出来るだけ小さくする（パウダー状、粉状、のこ屑状など）ことにより炭化工程の所要時間を短縮し熱分解させ易くすることが出来る。
また、例えば炭化工程は粉砕物を槽内に供給する回転炉式とし、熱源としてLNG・LPGガスバーナーや電気ヒーターなどを使用することが出来る。この炭化工程では、炉内を炭化が可能な温度以上に昇温すればよいが、活性炭への賦活ができる900℃に昇温することも出来る。
そして、この炭化物は再生燃料（熱源）や再生活性炭として、また炭素素材からなる所定の構造体へと成形することにより有効利用することが出来る。
(2) The method for pulverizing and carbonizing waste plastics, etc. of the present invention comprises a condensation and solidification step of applying pressure to a plurality of pieces of the object to be treated to condense and solidify; a pulverization step of pulverizing the condensed and solidified matter; and a carbonization step of carbonizing the pulverized material from the pulverization step.
Here, the objects to be processed (waste plastics, etc.) include waste plastic products (PE, PET, PP, PVC, ABS, nylon resins, etc.), various resin molding materials, waste materials, waste bamboo, wood, clothing fabrics, Wallpaper materials and other (solid) substances capable of carbonization (by pyrolysis) can be exemplified. Sponge-like urethane foam, polyolefin foam (pef, heat insulating material, etc.) and the like can also be exemplified.
This method of crushing and carbonizing waste plastics has a condensation/solidification process in which pressure is applied to multiple pieces of the material to be processed to condense (shrink) and solidify.・It can be in a solidified (shrinked and hardened) state.
For example, it is possible to apply pressure to the object to be processed into a desired shape, such as a rod shape or a block shape, which can be easily pushed and pulverized. In this condensation/solidification step, it is preferable to have a shape that allows continuous treatment.
Then, by condensing and solidifying to reduce the volume (bulk), the pulverization efficiency in the subsequent pulverization process can be increased, and by canceling the elasticity of the material to be processed by compression, the pulverization efficiency in the pulverization process can be increased.
In addition, since there is a pulverization step of pulverizing the condensed/solidified matter (crushed and finely divided into smaller parts than the crushing described later), it can be efficiently pulverized in a condensed/solidified state that is not dispersed.
Examples of pulverization include grinding and cutting. As a means of pulverization, the condensed/solidified material shaped into a rod or block is uniformly pressed using a grinding rotating disk with grinding protrusions, a cutting rotating blade, etc. (for example, grated radish, juicer / It can be mechanically pulverized into pieces (like a mixer).
Specifically, the condensed/solidified material is sequentially pulverized from the tip. The tip region of this condensed/solidified product may be subjected to temperature control (described later).
Furthermore, since there is a carbonization step of carbonizing (thermally decomposing into a carbon-rich substance) the pulverized product obtained by the pulverizing step, it is possible to obtain a substantially uniform carbide having a substantially uniform particle size from the pulverized size.
Here, if the pulverized material is large, it is difficult for heat to be conducted to the center during the carbonization process. It can be made easy to thermally decompose.
Further, for example, the carbonization process can be of a rotary furnace type in which pulverized material is supplied into a tank, and an LNG/LPG gas burner, an electric heater, or the like can be used as a heat source. In this carbonization step, the temperature in the furnace may be raised to a temperature at which carbonization is possible or higher.
This charcoal can be effectively used as a regenerated fuel (heat source) or regenerated activated carbon, or by forming it into a predetermined structure made of a carbon material.
（３）前記凝縮・固化工程の前に、被処理物を破砕してほぼ均一サイズに揃える破砕工程を有するようにしてもよい。
このように構成し、凝縮・固化工程の前に被処理物を破砕（砕いて小さな部分に分割する、粉砕の前工程）してほぼ均一サイズに揃える破砕工程を有するようにすると、被処理物に大小のサイズや形状の相違があっても大きさや形をほぼ均一化し、（ホッパーなどを利用して）後工程へと移送し易い状態に揃えることが出来る。
(3) Before the condensation/solidification process, there may be a crushing process for crushing the material to be treated to make it substantially uniform in size.
With this configuration, if the object to be processed is crushed before the condensation/solidification process (the process before crushing into small parts by crushing) to make the object to be processed uniform in size, the object to be processed is crushed. Even if there are differences in the size and shape of the product, the size and shape can be made almost uniform, and the product can be easily transported to the subsequent process (by using a hopper, etc.).
（４）前記凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物の温度を制御するようにしてもよい。
このように構成し、被粉砕物の温度を制御するようにすると、その機械的性質を変化させて処理し易くことが出来る。
(4) The temperature of the material to be pulverized may be controlled in the condensation/solidification step.
By configuring in this way and controlling the temperature of the material to be pulverized, it is possible to change the mechanical properties of the material to make it easier to process.
（５）前記温度制御として凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を加熱するようにしてもよい。
このように構成し、温度制御として凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を加熱するようにすると、被粉砕物が熱可塑性の性質を有する場合、これを軟化して粉砕工程に送ることが出来る。
具体的には、被破砕物が熱可塑性の性質を有し硬度が比較的に高い廃プラスチックの場合、これを凝縮・固化工程で加熱し軟化して粉砕工程に送ることが出来る。
例えば、粉砕工程で刃を使用するようにした場合、被粉砕物を加熱して軟化させると刃が傷みにくくすることが出来る。また加熱処理に加えてUV照射を援用しても良い。
(5) As the temperature control, the material to be pulverized may be heated in the condensation/solidification step.
With this configuration, if the material to be crushed is heated in the condensation/solidification process as temperature control, if the material to be crushed has thermoplastic properties, it can be softened and sent to the crushing process.
Specifically, when the material to be crushed is a waste plastic having thermoplastic properties and relatively high hardness, it can be softened by heating in the condensation/solidification process and sent to the crushing process.
For example, when a blade is used in the pulverization process, the blade can be made less susceptible to damage by heating and softening the object to be pulverized. In addition to heat treatment, UV irradiation may be used.
（６）前記温度制御として凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を冷却するようにしてもよい。
このように構成し、温度制御として凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を冷却するようにすると、被粉砕物が脆性を有する場合、これを冷却して脆く（破断し易く、割れやすく）した状態で粉砕工程（細分化する）に送ることが出来る。
ここで、凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を加熱してから冷却（冷凍、凍結などを含む）するようにしてもよいし、被粉砕物を冷却してから加熱する（順序が逆）ように複合処理してもよい。また冷却処理に加えてUV照射を援用しても良い。
(6) As the temperature control, the material to be pulverized may be cooled in the condensation/solidification process.
With this configuration, when the material to be ground is cooled in the condensation/solidification process as temperature control, if the material to be ground is brittle, it is cooled to make it brittle (easily broken or cracked). It can be sent to the crushing process (fragmentation).
Here, in the condensation/solidification step, the material to be ground may be heated and then cooled (including freezing and freezing), or the material to be ground may be cooled and then heated (in reverse order). Composite processing may be performed. Also, in addition to the cooling treatment, UV irradiation may be used.
この発明は上述のような構成であり、次の効果を有する。
ほぼ粒径が揃った略均一炭化物を得ることができるので、廃プラスチック、廃材、廃竹その他から高品位な再生利用を図れる炭化物を得ることができる粉砕・炭化装置及び粉砕・炭化方法を提供することが出来る。
また、温度制御として凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を冷却（液体窒素を使用）するようにしたので、被粉砕物を冷却して脆くした状態で粉砕工程に送ることが出来る。
The present invention is configured as described above and has the following effects.
To provide a pulverization/carbonization apparatus and a pulverization/carbonization method capable of obtaining a carbonized material which can be recycled with high quality from waste plastics, waste wood, waste bamboo, etc., by obtaining substantially uniform carbonized material having almost uniform particle diameters. can do
In addition, since the material to be ground is cooled (using liquid nitrogen) in the condensation/solidification process for temperature control, the material to be ground can be sent to the grinding process in a cooled and brittle state.
以下、この発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。
〔実施形態１〕
図１に示すように、この実施形態の廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化装置は、複数片の被処理物に圧力をかけて凝縮・固化させる凝縮・固化機構１と、前記凝縮・固化物２を粉砕する粉砕機構３と、前記粉砕機構３による粉砕物４を炭化する炭化機構５とを有する。
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus for crushing and carbonizing waste plastics and the like of this embodiment includes a condensation/
この廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化方法は、複数片の被処理物に圧力をかけて凝縮・固化させる凝縮・固化工程と、前記凝縮・固化物２を粉砕する粉砕工程と、前記粉砕工程による粉砕物４を炭化する炭化工程とを有する。
（被処理物）
前記被処理物として、廃プラスチック製品類、各種樹脂成型材、廃材、廃竹、木材、衣類の生地、壁紙材その他の熱分解による炭化が可能な固形物質を処理した。
This crushing/carbonization method for waste plastics and the like includes a condensation/solidification step of applying pressure to a plurality of pieces of the object to be treated to condense/solidify, a crushing step of crushing the condensed/
(object to be processed)
As the objects to be treated, waste plastic products, various resin molded materials, waste materials, waste bamboo, wood, clothing fabrics, wallpaper materials, and other solid substances capable of being carbonized by thermal decomposition were processed.
（破砕工程）
先ず凝縮・固化工程の前に被処理物を破砕（砕いて小さな部分に分割する、粉砕の前工程）してほぼ均一サイズに揃える破砕工程（破砕機構６）を有するようにしており、被処理物に大小のサイズや形状の相違があっても大きさや形をほぼ均一化し、破砕物7を後工程へと移送し易い状態に揃えるようにした（具体的な破砕手段は図示省略）。破砕物７は、配管で上方に向けて移送し凝縮・固化機構１のホッパーへと送るようにした。
(Crushing process)
First, before the condensation/solidification process, the object to be treated is crushed (crushed and divided into small parts, a pre-crushing process) to have a crushing process (crushing mechanism 6) in which the material is made almost uniform in size. Even if there is a difference in size and shape between objects, the size and shape are made almost uniform, and the crushed
（凝縮・固化工程）
この廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化方法では、複数片の被処理物（破砕物７）に圧力をかけて凝縮（ちぢまる）・固化（かたまる）させる凝縮・固化工程（凝縮・固化機構１）を有し、被処理物がばらばらに散在しない凝縮・固化（ちぢまってかたまった）状態とした。
具体的には、凝縮・固化機構１では、シリンダーで圧力（図示右方向）をかけることにより被処理物を凝縮・固化物２とした。
ここで、凝縮・固化して体積（嵩）を減らすことにより後段の粉砕工程の粉砕効率を上げるとともに、圧縮により被処理物の弾性を打ち消すことで粉砕工程の粉砕効率を上げることが出来た。
(condensation/solidification process)
In this method of crushing and carbonizing waste plastics, etc., a condensation/solidification process (condensation/solidification mechanism 1) is performed in which pressure is applied to a plurality of pieces of the material to be processed (crushed material 7) to condense and solidify. It is in a condensed/solidified (shrinked and hardened) state in which the objects to be treated are not dispersed separately.
Specifically, in the condensation/
Here, by reducing the volume (bulk) by condensing and solidifying, the pulverization efficiency of the pulverization process in the later stage was increased, and by canceling the elasticity of the material to be processed by compression, the pulverization efficiency of the pulverization process was increased.
（粉砕工程）
また、前記凝縮・固化物２を粉砕（砕いて細かくし前記破砕より小さな部分に分割）する粉砕工程（粉砕機構３）を有するようにしており、ばらばらに散在しない凝縮・固化状態で効率よく粉砕することが出来た。
粉砕の態様として、凝縮・固化物２を磨砕するようにした。具体的には、凝縮・固化物２を、磨砕突起を有する磨砕回転円盤（モータＭで回転駆動される）を用いて、一律に圧力をかけつつ機械的に粉砕して粉々にしていった。
（炭化工程）
次いで、前記粉砕工程による粉砕物４（その下方にモータＭにより開閉可能なバルブを有する）を炭化（熱分解して炭素分に富んだ物質にする）する炭化工程を有するので、粉砕したサイズからほぼ粒径が揃った略均一炭化物８を得ることが出来た。
炭化工程（炭化機構５）は粉砕物４を槽内に供給する回転炉式とし、その上方に熱風発生装置を備え、熱源としてLNGガスバーナーを上下２基使用した。この炭化工程では、粉砕物４の活性炭への賦活ができる900℃に昇温するようにした。
そして、炭化物８は、炭化機構５の右端下のモータＭにより開閉可能なバルブを介して下方に移送せしめ、地下水とair とにより冷却した。
一方、炭化時の排ガスは、電解スクラバー装置において、電解水中に曝気し、次いで電解水シャワーを及ぼして、排ガス濾過機構で浄化して清浄ガスとして大気開放した。前記電解水は、複数の電極を有する電解装置で生成するようにした。
ここで、粉砕物４が大きいと炭化工程で中心部まで熱が伝わりにくいが、そのサイズを小さくする（粉状にした）ことにより、炭化工程の所要時間を短縮し熱分解させ易くすることが出来た。
(Pulverization process)
In addition, a pulverization step (pulverization mechanism 3) is provided to pulverize the condensed/solidified matter 2 (crushing and finely dividing into smaller portions than the crushed material), so that the condensed/solidified matter is efficiently pulverized in a condensed/solidified state that is not dispersed. I was able to
As a mode of pulverization, the condensed/solidified
(Carbonization process)
Next, there is a carbonization step of carbonizing (thermally decomposing into a carbon-rich substance) the pulverized product 4 (having a valve that can be opened and closed by a motor M below) from the pulverizing step, so that the pulverized size It was possible to obtain substantially
In the carbonization process (carbonization mechanism 5), a rotary furnace was used to supply the pulverized
The
On the other hand, exhaust gas during carbonization was aerated into electrolyzed water in an electrolytic scrubber device, then showered with electrolyzed water, purified by an exhaust gas filtering mechanism, and released to the atmosphere as clean gas. The electrolyzed water is generated by an electrolytic device having a plurality of electrodes.
Here, if the pulverized
次に、この実施形態の廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化装置及び粉砕・炭化方法の使用状態を説明する。
ほぼ粒径が揃った略均一炭化物８を得ることができたので、高品位な再生利用を図れる炭化物８を得ることができた。この炭化物８は活性炭として使用することが出来た。
この技術を応用することにより、世の中で膨大な量が排出されるプラスチック類その他の廃棄物を、活性炭、再生燃料、補助燃料、成形材料などとして有効利用することが出来ることとなる。
Next, the use condition of the crushing/carbonization apparatus and the crushing/carbonization method for waste plastics etc. of this embodiment will be described.
Since substantially
By applying this technology, it becomes possible to effectively utilize plastics and other wastes, which are generated in enormous amounts in the world, as activated carbon, recycled fuel, supplementary fuel, molding material, etc.
〔実施形態２〕
凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物（ＰＥ）の温度を制御するようにすることにより、その機械的性質を変化させて処理し易くことが出来た（図示せず）。
温度制御として凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を加熱するようにしたので、塑性の性質を有する被粉砕物を軟化して粉砕工程に送った。そして、被粉砕物を加熱して軟化させることにより、磨砕回転円盤の磨砕突起を傷みにくくすることが出来た。
[Embodiment 2]
By controlling the temperature of the material to be pulverized (PE) in the condensation and solidification process, it was possible to change its mechanical properties and make it easier to process (not shown).
Since the material to be crushed was heated in the condensation and solidification process for temperature control, the material to be crushed having plasticity was softened and sent to the crushing process. By heating and softening the material to be pulverized, it was possible to make the grinding projections of the rotary grinding disc less susceptible to damage.
〔実施形態３〕
凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物（ＰＥＴ）の温度を制御するようにすることにより、その機械的性質を変化させて処理し易くした（図示せず）。
温度制御として凝縮・固化工程で被粉砕物を冷却（液体窒素を使用）するようにしたので、被粉砕物を冷却して脆くした状態で粉砕工程に送ることが出来た。
[Embodiment 3]
By controlling the temperature of the pulverized material (PET) in the condensation and solidification process, its mechanical properties were changed to make it easier to process (not shown).
As temperature control, the material to be ground was cooled (using liquid nitrogen) in the condensation/solidification process, so that the material to be ground could be sent to the grinding process in a state of being cooled and made brittle.
廃プラスチック、廃材、廃竹その他から高品位な再生利用を図ることができることによって、種々の廃プラスチック等の粉砕・炭化装置及び粉砕・炭化方法の用途に適用することができる。 Since high-quality recycling can be achieved from waste plastics, waste materials, waste bamboos, etc., it can be applied to various crushing/carbonization apparatuses and crushing/carbonization methods for waste plastics.
１ 凝縮・固化機構
２ 凝縮・固化物
３ 粉砕機構
４ 粉砕物
５ 炭化機構
1 Condensation/
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| JPS5234571A (en) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-03-16 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Thermal cracking device for combustible refuse |
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| JP2005126486A (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for recycling waste plastic and method for molding |
| JP2006061900A (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2006-03-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for recycling complex waste as resource |
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