JP7150349B2 - training phantom - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an animal-type training phantom.

Conventionally, when trainees such as veterinarians, veterinary school students, and veterinary nurses practice inspection procedures and inspection methods using various image inspection devices such as ultrasonography and X-ray inspection, living bodies for training ( For example, animals such as training dogs) were used. However, when using living bodies for training, not only are the content and time of training limited, but the risk of injury to the trainees during training and the burden on the living body are high, and an assistant to hold the living body is also required. . It is also desirable to abolish the use of live animals for training from the viewpoint of the Animal Welfare and Management Act. Based on the above, there is a strong demand to abolish the use of living bodies for training and to develop alternative training methods and teaching materials.

Therefore, as an example of an animal model that enables various training without using a living body for training, in Patent Document 1, simulated organs and organs are arranged inside the body side panel, corresponding to an incision and an anus. An animal model is disclosed that includes an opening for passage.

JP 2014-32253 A

The animal model disclosed in Patent Document 1 simulates an animal such as a cow or a pig in a life-size size and is used in a self-supporting posture. On the other hand, when inspecting an animal using various image inspection apparatuses, it is necessary to inspect the animal in a supine or recumbent position instead of an independent posture depending on the inspection target and inspection item. However, with the animal model disclosed in Patent Document 1, it was difficult to stably hold the supine and recumbent positions, and training in the recumbent and recumbent positions could not be performed appropriately.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a training phantom capable of appropriately performing training in the supine and recumbent positions.

The present invention solves the above problems, and a training phantom according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises:
An animal-type training phantom used by being placed on a predetermined placement table,
a simulated torso that simulates the chest and abdomen;
At least a simulated left forelimb and a simulated right forelimb integrally formed with the simulated torso and simulating at least a part of the left forelimb and right forelimb,
The simulated torso is
a plurality of supine position grounding portions formed on the back side of the simulated torso portion and holding the supine posture by contacting the mounting table in the supine position;
a plurality of lying position contact parts formed on the left and right side surfaces of the simulated body part, and which maintain the posture of the lying position by contacting the placing table in the lying position.

According to the training phantom according to one embodiment of the present invention, the simulated torso portion includes a plurality of supine position contact portions formed on the back side and a plurality of lying position contact portions formed on the left and right side surfaces. Therefore, the training phantom maintains the supine and recumbent postures without being restrained by an assistant. can do.

1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of an ultrasonic examination training system 10 using a training phantom 1A according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1A and 1B are a front view, a rear view, a right side view, a top view and a bottom view showing a training phantom 1A according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the supine position; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the lying position; FIG. 10A is a front view, a rear view, a right side view, a top view, and a bottom view showing a training phantom 1B according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1B in the supine position according to the second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1B according to the second embodiment of the present invention in the lying position;

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of an ultrasonic examination training system 10 using a training phantom 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

The ultrasonic examination training system 10 allows trainees such as veterinarians, veterinary school students, and veterinary nurses to train and learn examination procedures and methods of ultrasonic examination for animals using an animal-type training phantom 1A. It is a system used to

The ultrasonic examination training system 10 includes an animal-type training phantom 1A that simulates the living tissue of an animal to be examined, an ultrasonic wave that is transmitted to an object to be examined, and an ultrasonic wave (echo wave) reflected from the object to be examined. ) and a mounting table 12 on which the training phantom 1A is mounted.

The training phantom 1A is used by being mounted on a mounting table 12, and is formed therein with a simulated biological tissue simulating the biological tissue of animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets, hamsters, and squirrels. ing. In the present embodiment, the training phantom 1A is described as having a body shape modeled on a dog, specifically a beagle dog weighing about 8 kg, and having a total length of 450 mm, a height of 250 mm, and a width of 150 mm. It is not limited to the example, and may be a model simulating any animal in any size. Details of the training phantom 1A will be described later.

The ultrasonic inspection apparatus 11 includes a probe unit 110 that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves, and an apparatus main unit 111 that has operation buttons, a display monitor, and the like, and performs transmission/reception processing of ultrasonic waves, image processing for imaging, and the like. . The ultrasonic examination apparatus 11 functions to examine living tissue of an animal. In the ultrasonic examination training system 10, the simulated living tissue formed inside the training phantom 1A is examined.

The mounting table 12 includes, for example, a flat plate-shaped table body portion 120 and legs 121 that support the four corners of the table body portion 120 . The base main body 120 is, for example, a plate material covered with a cushioning material and covered with a waterproof synthetic leather. A notch-shaped concave portion 122 is formed in the base body portion 120 so that the probe portion 110 can be applied from below. The leg portion 121 may be of a foldable type or an assembly type. The mounting table 12 may be used not only for mounting the training phantom 1A, but also for testing a living body (animal). Further, the mounting table 12 may be appropriately changed in shape, size, material, and the like.

The trainee trains in one of the supine position, left lying position, right lying position, and prone position (the supine position in the example of FIG. 1) according to the inspection item to be trained using the training phantom 1A. The phantom 1A is mounted on the mounting table 12. FIG. Then, the trainee holds the probe unit 110 with the right hand, and while applying the probe unit 110 to each part of the training phantom 1A at a predetermined orientation and angle, operates the operation buttons of the apparatus main unit 111 with the left hand to perform inspection according to the inspection item. Visually confirm that the captured image is displayed on the display monitor, and learn the inspection procedure and inspection method.

2A and 2B are a front view, a rear view, a right side view, a top view and a bottom view showing the training phantom 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1A in the supine position according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the lying position. In addition, in FIG. 2, the left side view is omitted because it is symmetrical with the right side view.

As described above, the training phantom 1A is placed on the mounting table 12 and used, and can be placed in supine position, lying position (including left lying position and right lying position), and prone position. , has an outer shape that can hold multiple postures.

The training phantom 1A comprises a simulated torso section 2 that simulates the chest and abdomen, and a simulated left forelimb section 3L that is integrally formed with the simulated torso section 2 and simulates at least part of the left and right forelimbs. and a simulated right forelimb portion 3R, and a simulated neck portion 4 formed integrally with the simulated trunk portion 2 and simulating a neck portion.

A plurality of simulated torso portions 2 are formed on the back side of the simulated torso portion 2, and a supine position grounding portion 20 that maintains the supine posture by contacting the mounting table 12 in the supine position, and the simulated torso portion 2. A plurality of lying position grounding portions 21 are formed on the left and right side surfaces and hold the posture of the lying position by contacting the table 12 in the lying position. It also includes a prone position grounding portion 22 that maintains the posture of the prone position by contacting the mounting table 12 at times.

The supine grounding portion 20 is formed as a first raised portion 200 raised from the back above the pelvis 23 and a second raised portion 201 raised from the back above the shoulder blades 24, as shown in FIG. It is a thing. As shown in FIG. 4 , the lying-position contacting portion 21 includes first bulging portions 210 bulging from the left and right sides of the pelvis 23 and bulging from the left and right sides of the scapula 24 . It is formed as a second bulging portion 211 .

The first protruding portions 200 are formed as a pair of left and right so that the upper left and right portions of the pelvis 23 protrude upward. A pair of left and right second raised portions 201 are formed so that the upper portions of the left and right scapulae 24 are each raised upward. It is preferable that the first protruding portion 200 and the second protruding portion 201 have rounded tip portions so as to gently rise in the shape of a mountain with respect to the surrounding portions.

When the training phantom 1A is viewed from above (or below) in a top view (or bottom view), the first bulging portion 210 bulges leftward and rightward on the left and right sides of the pelvis 23, respectively. is formed to When the training phantom 1A is viewed from above (or below) in a top view (or a bottom view), the second bulging portion 211 is such that the left and right sides of the scapula 24 bulge leftward and rightward, respectively. formed to come out. The first bulging portion 210 and the second bulging portion 211 are made to swell gently, and the most laterally bulging tip portion may be rounded or have a ridge-like shape along the vertical direction. It may be flat, or it may be flat.

The simulated left forelimb part 3L and the simulated right forelimb part 3R are formed at the tip portion on the side opposite to the simulated torso part 2, and maintain the prone position posture by contacting the table 12 in the prone position. It is provided with the prone position contact parts 30L and 30R. In the present embodiment, the simulated left forelimb portion 3L and the simulated right forelimb portion 3R simulate the portion up to the point where the humerus is included therein, and the portion ahead of the radius is omitted, but the left forelimb and all of the right forelimb may be simulated. Further, the prone position grounding portions 30L and 30R may be flat or convex.

The simulated neck 4 includes a supine position grounding portion 40 formed at the tip opposite to the simulated torso 2 and grounded on the table 12 in the supine position to maintain the supine posture. Note that the supine position grounding portion 40 may be flat or convex.

The simulated torso part 2, the simulated left forelimb part 3L, the simulated right forelimb part 3R, and the simulated neck part 4 together form the outer shape of the training phantom 1A, and include at least the skeleton, organs, blood vessels (blood), and lymph nodes. A synthetic resin material is used to cover the simulated body tissue of each part of the node with the simulated body tissue of skin, muscle, and fat.

Synthetic resin materials are made of, for example, soft elastomer resin, hard urethane resin, etc. as a base material, and additives such as polypropylene, polyethylene, etc. It is a material that can be adjusted.

The simulated biological tissue is manufactured by changing the composition (acoustic characteristics) of the synthetic resin material for each part so as to reproduce acoustic characteristics equivalent to those of each part of the actual biological tissue. In addition, the simulated body tissues corresponding to skin, muscle, and fat are colored in translucent colors such as skin color and brown, and the simulated body tissues corresponding to major skeletons such as ribs are colored white, for example. The main skeleton is made visible from the outside. The composition of the synthetic resin material may be changed as appropriate, and a plurality of types of synthetic resin materials may be used together.

The simulated body tissue simulates each part of the body tissue exemplified below. The simulated body tissue may be one that simulates the whole body tissue, one that simulates a part of the body tissue, or one that simulates another body tissue other than the body tissues exemplified below. good. Moreover, the simulated body tissue may be one that simulates a body tissue in a normal state, or one that simulates a body tissue in a state suffering from a predetermined disease.

The chest of the simulated torso 2 includes a heart. Specific parts of the heart include left atrium, right pulmonary vein, left pulmonary vein, interatrial septum, left atrial appendage, left ventricle, interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall, left ventricular outflow tract, endocardium, and epicardium. , mitral valve apparatus (anterior leaflet, posterior leaflet, chordae tendineae, anterior papillary muscle, posterior papillary muscle), aortic valve, sinus of Valsalva, aorta, left coronary artery origin, right coronary artery origin, right atrium, right atrial appendage, Right ventricle, accommodative zone, papillary muscle, tricuspid valve (septal cusp, parietal cusp), right ventricular wall, trabeculae, right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valve, main pulmonary artery, right pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery.

The abdomen of the simulated torso 2 includes liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, bladder, prostate, testis, ovary, uterus, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and the like.

Specific parts of the liver are left medial lobe, left lateral lobe, right medial lobe, right lateral lobe, quadrate lobe, caudate lobe, caudate papilla, hepatic vein, portal vein, interlobar fissure, Diaphragm, falciform mesenteric fat, etc. Specific parts of the gallbladder are fundus, body, neck, cystic duct, common bile duct, and the like. Specific parts of the spleen include the head, body, tail, capsule, splenic vein, splenic vein-portal anastomosis, splenic artery, and the like. Specific parts of the kidney include cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, renal calyx, renal crest, renal sinus, interlobar artery and vein, interlobular artery and vein, arcuate artery and vein, renal artery and vein, ureter, and the like. Specific sites of the adrenal gland are cortex, medulla, capsule, anterior abdominal vein, and the like. Specific parts of the bladder are the apex, body, neck, ureteral orifice, urethra, and the like. Specific sites of the prostate include the urethra, left lobe, right lobe, and the like. Specific parts of the testis include the testis, mediastinum of the testis, epididymis (head, body, tail), membrane, and the like. Specific parts of the ovaries are ovaries, follicles, and the like. Specific parts of the uterus include the cervix, body, left and right uterine horns, and the like. Specific sites of the pancreas include left lobe, right lobe, corpus, pancreaticoduodenal artery and vein, pancreatic duct, and the like. Specific parts of the esophagus include the esophageal hiatus, the distal part of the esophagus, and the like. Specific parts of the stomach include cardia, fundus, body, pylorus, pyloric canal, pylorus, mucosal folds, and the like. Specific parts of the duodenum include duodenal flexure, descending part of duodenum, posterior duodenal flexure, major duodenal papilla, minor duodenal papilla, etc., and have a wall thickness of about 5 mm. The jejunum has a wall thickness of about 3 mm. A specific part of the ileum is the ileocecal part and the like. Specific parts of the colon include the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, etc., and have a wall thickness of about 1 mm.

The neck of the simulated neck 4 includes the mandibular gland, thyroid, parathyroid, trachea, esophagus, and the like.

Each of the simulated torso 2, simulated left forelimb 3L, simulated right forelimb 3R, and simulated neck 4 includes a lymph node. Specific sites of lymph nodes include the stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, lumbar aortic group, medial iliac, hypogastric, sacrum, jejunum, right colon, left, colon, superficial neck, medial repharyngeal region, and the like.

Each part of the simulated trunk 2, the simulated left forelimb 3L, the simulated right forelimb 3R, and the simulated neck 4 includes a blood vessel. Specific sites of blood vessels include thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, celiac artery (left gastric artery, hepatic artery, splenic artery), anterior mesenteric artery (mesenteric artery), renal artery, testicular (ovarian) artery, deep artery These include the circumflex iliac artery, the external iliac artery, the internal iliac artery, and the median sacral artery. Specific sites of blood vessels include posterior vena cava, hepatic vein, anterior abdominal vein, renal vein, testicular (ovary) vein, deep iliac circumflex vein, common iliac vein, external iliac vein, and internal iliac vein. , portal vein, gastroduodenal vein, splenic vein, jejunal vein, etc. Further, the specific parts of the blood vessel are the left and right external jugular vein, left and right common carotid artery, anterior vena cava, right brachiocephalic vein, external jugular vein, superficial jugular vein, brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery, right subclavian artery. arteries, cervical arteries, costocarteries, superficial carotid arteries, scapular arteries, and the like.

Each of the simulated torso 2, simulated left forelimb 3L, simulated right forelimb 3R, and simulated neck 4 includes a skeleton. Specific parts of the skeleton include cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, pelvis, scapulae, ribs, costal cartilage, costochondral joints, sternum, sternum, falciform process, humerus, and the like.

According to the training phantom 1A according to the present embodiment, the simulated torso 2 includes a plurality of supine ground contact portions 20 (first protruding portion 200 and second protruding portion 201) formed on the back side, and left and right side surfaces. The simulated neck 4 is provided with a supine position ground contact portion 40 formed at the tip portion. Therefore, the training phantom 1A maintains the supine and recumbent postures without being restrained by an assistant. can be implemented.

In addition, the supine position grounding portion 20 is formed as a first protruding portion 200 protruding from the back above the pelvis 23 and a second protruding portion 201 protruding from the back above the scapula 24, The lying position grounding portion 21 has first bulging portions 210 bulging from the left and right sides on the left and right sides of the pelvis 23 and second bulging portions 211 bulging from the left and right sides on the left and right sides of the scapula 24 . It was formed as Therefore, since the training phantom 1A reproduces the natural body shape of a living body and is not provided with extra unevenness, when operating the probe unit 110 along the surface of the training phantom 1A, the lying position grounding part 20 and the lying position are not provided. It does not get caught on the ground part 21. - 特許庁Therefore, a trainee such as a veterinarian can appropriately perform training in the supine position and the recumbent position.

Furthermore, the simulated torso part 2 has a prone position contact part 22 formed on the abdominal side of the simulated torso part 2, and the simulated left forelimb part 3L and the simulated right forelimb part 3R are formed in the prone position at the distal end portions. Grounding portions 30L and 30R are provided. Therefore, the training phantom 1A maintains the posture in the prone position without being restrained by an assistant, so that a trainee such as a veterinarian can appropriately perform training in the prone position alone. .

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 5 shows a front view, rear view, right side view, top view and bottom view of a training phantom 1B according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1B in the supine position according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the posture of the training phantom 1B according to the second embodiment of the present invention in the lying position. In addition, in FIG. 5, the left side view is omitted because it is symmetrical with the right side view.

A training phantom 1B according to the second embodiment is obtained by omitting the simulated neck 4 from the training phantom 1A according to the first embodiment. That is, the training phantom 1B includes a simulated torso portion 2 that simulates the chest and abdomen, and a simulated left forelimb that is formed integrally with the simulated torso portion 2 and that simulates at least a part of the left and right forelimbs. A portion 3L and a simulated right forelimb portion 3R.

According to the training phantom 1B according to the present embodiment, the simulated torso 2 includes a plurality of supine ground contact portions 20 (first protruding portion 200, second protruding portion 201) formed on the back side, and left and right side surfaces. A plurality of lying-position grounding portions 21 (first bulging portion 210, second bulging portion 211) are formed in the body. Therefore, the training phantom 1B maintains the supine and recumbent postures without being restrained by an assistant. can be implemented. The rest of the configuration and effects of the training phantom 1B are the same as those of the first embodiment, so description thereof will be omitted.

(Other embodiments)
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.

In each of the above embodiments, the training phantoms 1A and 1B are described as being used for ultrasonic examination training using the ultrasonic examination apparatus 11 . On the other hand, the training phantom may be configured to be usable for image inspection training using an image inspection apparatus such as an X-ray inspection apparatus, a CT inspection apparatus, etc., in addition to ultrasonic inspection. In this case, the training phantom may be manufactured by appropriately selecting a synthetic resin material so that the simulated biological tissue reproduces an X-ray absorptance equivalent to that of each part of the actual biological tissue.

Also, in each of the above embodiments, the training phantoms 1A and 1B are described as having no left hind limb, right hind limb, head, and tail. On the other hand, the training phantom includes at least a simulated left hind leg portion and a simulated right hind leg portion that simulate at least parts of the left hind leg and right hind leg, a simulated head portion that simulates the head, and a simulated tail portion that simulates the tail. You may make it further provide one. At that time, the simulated left hind leg part and the simulated right hind leg part may be provided with a lying position contact part that maintains the posture of the lying position by contacting the placing table 12 in the lying position, or may be provided in the prone position. A prone position contacting portion may be provided that maintains the posture of the prone position by contacting the mounting table 12 . In addition, the simulated head may be provided with a supine position grounding portion that maintains the posture of the supine position by being grounded on the mounting table 12 in the supine position. You can make it work. Furthermore, the simulated tail portion may include a supine position contacting portion that maintains the supine posture by contacting the mounting table 12 in the supine position.

Further, in each of the above embodiments, the training phantoms 1A and 1B have been described as including the prone position ground contact portion 22 and the prone position contact portions 30L and 30R. On the other hand, the training phantom may be configured without the prone position ground contact portion 22 and the prone position contact portions 30L and 30R.

Further, in the above-described first embodiment, the training phantom 1A has been described as having the supine-position setting portions formed at three locations: the pelvis 23 , the shoulder blades 24 , and the tip of the neck 4 . On the other hand, the training phantom may be provided with supine position installation parts formed at two locations, the pelvis 23 and the tip of the neck 4, or may have supine position installation parts formed at two locations, the pelvis 23 and the scapula 24. A position setting part may be provided.

1A, 1B... training phantoms,
2... simulated torso, 3L... simulated left forelimb, 3R... simulated right forelimb, 4... simulated neck,
10... Ultrasonic inspection training system, 11... Ultrasonic inspection apparatus, 12... Mounting table,
20 Supine position contact part 21 Lying position contact part 22 Prone position contact part 23 Pelvis 24 Scapula
30L, 30R: prone position grounding part, 40: supine position grounding part,
110... Probe part, 111... Apparatus body part,
120... Base body part, 121... Leg part, 122... Concave part,
200... First raised portion, 201... Second raised portion,
210... First swelling portion, 211... Second swelling portion,

Claims (6)

An animal-type training phantom used by being placed on a predetermined placement table,
a simulated torso that simulates the chest and abdomen;
At least a simulated left forelimb and a simulated right forelimb integrally formed with the simulated torso and simulating at least a part of the left forelimb and right forelimb,
The simulated torso is
a plurality of supine position grounding portions formed on the back side of the simulated torso portion and holding the supine posture by contacting the mounting table in the supine position;
a plurality of lying position contact parts formed on the left and right side surfaces of the simulated torso and holding the posture in the lying position by contacting the placing table in the lying position;
A training phantom characterized by: The supine position ground part is
formed as a first ridge above the pelvis and raised from the back and a second ridge above the scapula and from the back;
The lying position grounding part is
It is formed as a first bulging portion that bulges from the left and right side surfaces on the left and right sides of the pelvis and a second bulging portion that bulges from the left and right side surfaces on the left and right sides of the scapula. ,
The training phantom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated torso is
Further comprising a prone position grounding part formed on the abdomen side of the simulated body part and grounded on the placing table in the prone position to maintain the posture in the prone position,
The simulated left forelimb and the simulated right forelimb are
It is formed at the tip portion of the simulated left forelimb and the simulated right forelimb located on the side opposite to the simulated trunk in the simulated left forelimb and the simulated right forelimb, and is placed on the table in the prone position. A prone position grounding part that maintains the posture in the prone position by being grounded,
3. The training phantom according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Further comprising a simulated neck that is integrally formed with the simulated torso and simulates the neck,
The training phantom according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The simulated neck is
A supine position grounding portion formed at a tip portion of the simulated neck located on the opposite side of the simulated torso in the simulated neck and grounded on the table when the simulated neck is in the supine position to maintain the supine posture. comprising a
The training phantom according to claim 4, characterized in that: The simulated torso, the simulated left forelimb, the simulated right forelimb, and the simulated neck are
At least skeleton, organs, blood vessels, and simulated biological tissue that simulates lymph nodes,
6. The training phantom according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that:

Images