JP7096696B2 - Plant soil disease control method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for controlling soil diseases of plants such as crops and fruit trees.

Conventionally, many microbial materials using microorganisms having an antagonistic effect on plant pathogens (hereinafter, also referred to as "antagonistic microorganisms") have been studied. The antagonist microorganism means a microorganism that suppresses the growth and activity of various fungi including specific fungi that cause soil diseases of plants. In the current situation where the shift to organic farming with reduced pesticide usage and environment-friendly agriculture such as pesticide-reduced and pesticide-free agriculture is being promoted, microbial materials using antagonistic microorganisms that have the same functions as pesticides. Development is expected.

As a control method using such an antagonistic microorganism, for example, a soil disease method using a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma, which is a kind of soil microorganism having a strong antagonistic action against pathogens that cause soil diseases, is known. (Patent Documents 1 to 3).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-101815 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-192028 Japanese Patent No. 4566757

However, the control activity when an antagonistic microorganism is used is often not observed in field tests even if it is confirmed in the laboratory. This is because the soil environment such as pH and various microorganisms that have conventionally inhabited the soil are not suitable for the antagonistic microorganisms, or the various microorganisms cannot adapt to the fierce competition for survival. It is thought that this is because it cannot grow.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and the subject thereof is that it is possible to safely and effectively control soil diseases of plants without imposing a burden on the environment. The purpose is to provide a method for controlling soil diseases of various plants.

That is, according to the present invention, the following methods for controlling soil diseases of plants are provided.
[1] A method for controlling soil diseases of plants, which comprises applying a microbial material containing at least one of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes that can be cultivated in a fungus bed to the soil.
[2] The method for controlling soil diseases of plants according to the above [1], wherein the fungus is at least one selected from the group consisting of Agaricus, Auriculariales, Tremellales, and Polyporales.
[3] The fungi are Hiratake, Hirayama Hiratake, Shiitake, Bunashimeji, Enokitake, Mushroom, Kikurage, Honkikurage, Matsutake, Maitake, Nameko, Eringi, Hatakeshimeji, Yamabushidake, Ohiratake, Kawaratake, Kawaratake The soil of the plant according to the above [1] or [2], which is at least one selected from the group consisting of Honshimaji, Hakureitake, Agitake, Hanabiratake, Tamogitake, Yanagimatsutake, Sasakurehi Toyotake, Oawabitake, Kuroawabitake, Numerisugitake, and Truffle. Disease control method.
[4] The microbial material further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of wheat bran, rice bran, okara, oil residue, soybean residue, shavings, corn core, and waste fungus bed as auxiliary materials. 1] The method for controlling soil diseases of plants according to any one of [3].
[5] The method for controlling soil diseases of plants according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein a microorganism having an antagonistic action with a fungus that causes soil diseases or a microbial preparation containing the microorganism is further applied to the soil. ..
[6] The plant according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the microbial material to which a microorganism having an antagonistic action with a fungus that causes soil disease or a microbial preparation containing the microorganism is previously added is applied to the soil. Soil disease control method.
[7] Stag disease, brown streak disease, seedling blight bacterial disease, seedling blight, stupid seedling disease, fir blight bacterial disease, white crest feather disease, purple crest feather disease, blight blight, white silk disease, root The method for controlling soil diseases of plants according to any one of the above [1] to [6], which controls rot disease, root-knot disease, or sticky disease.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for controlling soil diseases of plants, which can safely and effectively control soil diseases of plants without imposing a burden on the environment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In the method for controlling soil diseases of plants of the present invention (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "control method"), a microbial material containing at least one of fungi that can be cultivated in a fungus bed and basidiomycetes is applied to the soil. It is a method including. Hereinafter, the details of the control method of the present invention will be described.

Trichoderma disease is known as a serious disease when mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms are cultivated in a fungal bed. Trichoderma disease is a disease in which a fungus of the genus Trichoderma, which is a kind of filamentous fungus, dissolves the cell wall of the hyphae of Oyster Mushroom and proliferates until it covers the entire fungus bed. That is, it is considered that many fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma prefer to assimilate mushrooms such as Oyster Mushroom. In the present invention, the characteristics of the fungi of the genus Trichoderma as described above are applied to effectively control soil diseases of plants. That is, in the control method of the present invention, a microbial material containing at least one of fungi that can be cultivated in a fungus bed and basidiomycetes is applied to the soil by spraying or the like. As a result, ascomycetes and basidiomycetes that can be cultivated in a fungus bed such as mushrooms, such as indigenous fungi that have conventionally existed in the soil of the field to be applied, are preferentially assimilated and cause soil diseases. Many useful microorganisms that have an antagonistic effect on fungi can be grown. The grown microorganisms antagonize the fungi that cause soil diseases and suppress the growth of these fungi. Therefore, according to the present invention, by applying a microbial material containing at least one of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes that can be cultivated in a fungus bed to the soil, serious soil diseases such as scab can be indirectly caused. Can be suppressed.

The fungus used for the microbial material is at least one of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes that can be cultivated in a fungus bed. Examples of such fungi include mushrooms such as Gilled mushrooms, Auriculariales, Tremellales, and Polyporales. More specifically, oyster mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, beech mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, matsutake mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, king trumpet mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms , Hakureitake, Agitake, Hon-shimejitake, Tamogitake, Yanagimatsutake, Sasakurehi Toyotake, Oyster Mushroom, Kuroawabitake, Numerisugitake, and Truffles. These mushrooms can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Since these mushrooms are also edible mushrooms, they are highly safe.

The microbial material usually contains a medium for growing hyphae of the fungus. Therefore, it is preferable that the microbial material contains, for example, wheat bran, rice bran, okara, oil residue, soybean residue, sawdust, corn core, waste fungus bed and the like as auxiliary materials. These auxiliary materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the control method of the present invention, a microbial material containing at least one of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes that can be cultivated in a fungus bed is applied to the soil. The specific mode of applying the microbial material to the soil is not particularly limited. For example, if necessary, an appropriately finely divided microbial material may be sprayed or squeezed around the roots of the target plant. In addition, plants may be cultivated using soil in which microbial materials are mixed in advance.

In the control method of the present invention, (i) a microbial material containing a fungal bed of mushrooms, a microorganism having an antagonistic effect on fungi that cause soil diseases, and a microbial preparation containing such a microorganism are further added to the soil. Application; or (ii) It is preferable to apply these microorganisms or a microbial material to which the microbial preparation thereof has been added to the soil in advance. By using these microorganisms and their microbial preparations, it is possible to further promote the growth of microorganisms (antagonistic microorganisms) that have an antagonistic effect on the fungi that cause soil diseases, so that it is possible to more effectively control soil diseases of plants. Can be done. The amount (density) of the antagonistic microorganisms contained varies depending on the type of soil and the like. Therefore, (i) the above-mentioned microorganisms and the microbial materials thereof are further applied to the soil together with the microbial materials containing the fungal bed of mushrooms; or (ii) the microbial materials to which these microorganisms and the microbial preparations are added in advance. By applying it to soil, it is possible to more effectively control soil diseases without variation due to differences in soil type and land.

(Ii) As a specific example of applying the above-mentioned microorganism or a microbial material to which the microbial preparation thereof is added to soil in advance, a mixture obtained by mixing the above-mentioned microorganism, the microbial preparation thereof, the microbial material, and an appropriate fertilizer. Can be applied to the soil after being stored for several days to several weeks as needed. As the fertilizer, organic fertilizers such as vegetable fertilizers such as oil cake and wood ash; animal fertilizers such as compost, fish meal, cow dung and chicken manure; can be used. By storing the above mixture obtained by mixing microbial materials such as microorganisms and appropriate fertilizers for an appropriate period, the growth of antagonistic microorganisms can be promoted, and soil diseases can be more effectively controlled. It is preferable because it can be done.

Preferable examples of the above-mentioned microbial preparations include biopesticides such as microbial preparations using Trichoderma filamentous fungi. Available commercial products include Trichoderma atroviride wettable powders and flowable agents (above, manufactured by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) such as "Ecohope", "Ecohope DJ", and "Ecohope Dry" under the following trade names; Soil improvement materials using Trichoderma haldianum (manufactured by Arista Life Sciences Co., Ltd.); Microbial materials using Trichoderma spp.

Examples of the plant to be the target of the control method of the present invention include various vegetables, grains, fruit trees, foliage plants and the like. Specific examples include potatoes, radishes, rice, tobacco, pears, apples, white peaches, cherry peaches, asparagus, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, melons, strawberries, cubs and onions.

Further, as soil diseases that can be controlled by the control method of the present invention, for example, scab, brown streak disease, seedling blight bacterial disease, seedling blight, fool seedling disease, fir blight bacterial disease, white crest disease. , Purple crest disease, bacterial wilt disease, white silk disease, root rot disease, root hump disease, sticky disease and the like.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Example 1)
A planter test was conducted using soils from fields in Hokkaido (Abashiri area and Obihiro area; soils A, B, C, D, and E), which have a high prevalence of scab and difficult to cultivate potatoes. .. Specifically, first, chemical fertilizer was added to 100 L of the above soil so that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were each 10 kg / counter. Next, the soils of the test plots (1) to (3) and the comparative plots (1) and (2) shown below were prepared and placed in a 120 L planter. Four potatoes (Nishiyutaka) sterilized with seed potatoes using oxytetracycline streptomycin wettable powder (trade name "Agrimycin 100 wettable powder, manufactured by Pfizer") were planted in each test plot at 20 cm intervals. It was repeated 3 times. After 3 months, the incidence of scab was investigated.

[Test plot (1)]
The fungus bed of Oyster Mushroom was mixed with the soil so as to be 100 L / counter.

[Test plot (2)]
A mixture of Oyster mushroom bed, wheat bran, and sawdust in a volume ratio of 40:10:40 was prepared. This mixture was mixed with the soil to 100 L / counter.

[Test plot (3)]
Using potato dextrose agar (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), materials using filamentous fungi (Trichoderma fungus) of the genus Trichoderma (trade name "Soucamteki", manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Environment Co., Ltd., Trichoderma aspirellum) F- Trichoderma was isolated from (including 288 strains). Trichoderma bacteria isolated in sterilized wheat bran were cultured for 2 weeks to obtain a culture. On the other hand, a mixture of Oyster mushroom bed, wheat bran, and sawdust in a volume ratio of 40:10:40 was prepared. 100 g of the above culture was added to and mixed with 100 L of the prepared mixture, and the one after 1 week was mixed with the soil so as to be 100 L / counter.

[Test plot (4)]
Using potato dextrose agar (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), materials using filamentous fungi (Trichoderma fungus) of the genus Trichoderma (trade name "Soucamteki", manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Environment Co., Ltd., Trichoderma aspirellum) F- Trichoderma was isolated from (including 288 strains). Trichoderma bacteria isolated in sterilized wheat bran were cultured for 2 weeks to obtain a culture. The obtained culture, commercially available fermented cow dung compost (sold by: Cainz), and Oyster mushroom bed were mixed in a volume ratio of 1: 50: 1 to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was left at room temperature for 1 week and then mixed with soil so as to be 1,000 kg / counter.

[Comparison zone (1)]
A material (trade name "Sou Kamuteki", manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Environmental Co., Ltd.) using a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma (Trichoderma fungus) was added and mixed in the soil so as to be 100 L / anti.

[Comparison zone (2)]
No material was added.

[Comparison zone (3)]
The waste fungus bed after harvesting Oyster Mushroom twice was added and mixed in the soil so as to be 100 L / counter.

[Comparison zone (4)]
Using potato dextrose agar (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), materials using filamentous fungi (Trichoderma fungus) of the genus Trichoderma (trade name "Soucamteki", manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Environment Co., Ltd., Trichoderma aspirellum) F- Trichoderma was isolated from (including 288 strains). Trichoderma bacteria isolated in sterilized wheat bran were cultured for 2 weeks to obtain a culture. The obtained culture and commercially available fermented cow dung compost (sold by: Cainz) were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:50 to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was left at room temperature for 1 week and then mixed with soil so as to be 1,000 kg / counter.

(result)
The incidence of scab of potatoes cultivated and harvested for 90 days was calculated from the following formula (1). The results are shown below. In addition, potatoes in which two or more scab spots were found were measured as "pathogenic potatoes".
Disease rate (%) = (number of diseased potatoes / total number of potatoes) x 100 ... (1)

As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the control effect was the highest in the test plot (3). In addition, sufficient control effects could be obtained in the test plots (1), (2) and (4). In the test plots (1) and (2), there were soils (soil B and soil E) having a higher control effect than the test plot (3), but soils having a lower control effect than the test plot (3). There was also (Soil A, Soil C, and Soil D). It is presumed that this is because the control effect was high in the soil containing a large amount of indigenous useful bacteria, while the control effect was low in the soil containing a small amount of indigenous useful bacteria. That is, it is considered that the control effect varied in the test plots (1) and (2) to which the trichoderma bacterium was not added in advance, as compared with the test plot (3) in which the useful bacterium Trichoderma bacterium was added in advance. In addition, it is presumed that the control effect was lowered because various microorganisms propagated in the fungal bed after harvesting the oyster mushroom used in the comparative group (3) and the growth of the antagonist microorganisms was hindered.

(Example 2)
To the soil of the pear garden in Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, add and mix the white scab fungus (wild strain) pre-cultured with pear branches (diameter 2 cm, length 2 cm) to 1% by weight, and mix the test soil. Prepared. This test soil was placed in a 20 L flower pot, and the following test plots (5) to (7) and comparative plots (5) to (7) were prepared, and pear seedlings were planted one day later.

[Test plot (5)]
The fungus bed of Oyster Mushroom was mixed with the test soil so as to be 10% by weight.

[Test plot (6)]
The fungus bed of Oyster Mushroom was mixed with the test soil so as to be 10% by weight, and then further treated with a flowable agent of Fluazinum (trade name "Fronside SC", manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo) diluted 500 times.

[Test plot (7)]
1% by weight of a material (trade name "Trichoderma", manufactured by Arista Life Sciences, including Trichoderma harzianum T-22 strain) using a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma (Trichoderma fungus) in the fungus bed of Oyster Mushroom. After 1 week, the mixture was added and mixed in such a manner, and the mixture was mixed with the test soil so as to have a concentration of 10% by weight.

[Comparison zone (5)]
The materials were not mixed.

[Comparison zone (6)]
It was treated with a flowable agent of Fluazinum (trade name "Frontide SC", manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo) diluted 500 times.

[Comparison zone (7)]
Test soil using materials using Trichoderma filamentous fungi (Trichoderma fungi) (trade name "Trichoderma", manufactured by Arista Life Sciences, Inc., including Trichoderma harzianum T-22 strain) to 0.1% by weight. Was mixed with.

(result)
After 3 months, the condition of the tree and the condition of the root (infected white scab fungus) were observed. The results are shown below.

[Tree condition]
Test plot (5): No change in tree vigor.
Test plot (6): No change in tree vigor.
Test plot (7): No change in tree vigor.
Comparative plot (5): Died.
Comparative plot (6): No change in tree vigor.
Comparative plot (7): Died.

[Root condition]
Test plot (5): No hyphae.
Test plot (6): No hyphae.
Test plot (7): No hyphae.
Comparative group (5): With hyphae.
Comparative group (6): With hyphae.
Comparative group (7): With hyphae.

According to the method for controlling soil diseases of plants of the present invention, soil diseases that cause serious damage to agricultural products such as vegetables and fruit trees and are difficult to control can be safely controlled without imposing an excessive load on the environment. Can be done.

Claims (6)

Applying to the soil a microbial material containing at least one of the fungi that can be cultivated in a fungus bed and basidiomycetes , and
Including further application of a microorganism having an antagonistic effect to a fungus that causes soil disease or a microbial preparation containing the microorganism to the soil .
A method for controlling soil diseases of plants in which the microorganism is a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma . Including applying to the soil a microbial material containing at least one of fungi that can be cultivated in a fungus bed and basidiomycetes.
The microbial material is prepared by adding a microorganism having an antagonistic effect to a fungus that causes soil diseases or a microbial preparation containing the microorganism in advance.
A method for controlling soil diseases of plants in which the microorganism is a filamentous fungus of the genus Trichoderma. The invention according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein at least one of the fungi that can be cultivated in the fungus bed and the basidiomycete is at least one selected from the group consisting of Gilled mushrooms, Auriculariales, Tremellales, and Polyporales. How to control soil diseases of plants. At least one of the fungi that can be cultivated in the fungus bed is Hiratake, Hirayama Hiratake, Shiitake, Bunashimeji, Enokitake, Mushroom, Kikurage, Hon-kikurage, Matsutake, Maitake, Nameko, Eringi, Hatakeshimeji, Yamabushidake. Oyster Mushroom, Kawaratake, Abalonetake, Aragekijellyfish, White Mushroom, Fukurotake, Hon-shimeji, Hakureitake, Agitake, Hanabiratake, Tamogitake, Yanagimatsutake, Sasakurehi Toyotake, Oawabitake The method for controlling soil diseases of plants according to any one of Items 1 to 3 . Claims 1 to 4 further include, as an auxiliary material, at least one selected from the group consisting of wheat bran, rice bran, okara, oil residue, soybean residue, sawdust, corn core, and waste fungus bed. The method for controlling soil diseases of plants according to any one of the above. Stag disease, brown streak disease, seedling blight bacterial disease, seedling blight, stupid seedling disease, fir blight bacterial disease, white crest feather disease, purple crest feather disease, blight blight, white silk disease, root rot disease, The method for controlling soil diseases of plants according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , which controls root-knot disease or sticky disease.