JP7092841B2 - Pediatric skeleton model - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a skeletal model of the human body, and more particularly to a skeletal model of a child.

Conventional skeleton specimens were made from molds made from cadaver bone. In recent years, techniques for precisely producing human models have been studied. For example, a plurality of three-dimensional data of a living body are acquired using CT (Computed Tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which are diagnostic devices. The structure is extracted by superimposing 3D data, and formed by changing the characteristics such as color, transparency, ultrasonic characteristics, hardness, etc. according to the purpose of each structure with an RP (Rapid Prototyping) system such as a 3D printer. , They are combined to produce models for education and diagnosis (Patent Document 1).

Most of the conventional human body models produced in this way are modeled on healthy adults. On the other hand, for the purpose of medical treatment or education, teaching materials or models for understanding the skeleton and disabilities of children have been proposed.

For example, a teaching material including a first sheet on which an adult skeleton diagram is drawn and a second sheet on which a child skeleton diagram is drawn and growth cartilage is shown has been proposed (Patent Document 2). With this teaching material, it is possible to recognize the skeleton before and after growth at a glance. And it makes it easier for growing children to understand the importance of bone growth.

In addition, we modeled the bone structure peculiar to children, and made it possible to repeatedly reproduce the injury mechanism and pathology of the growth cartilage disorder that occurs in children and the injury mechanism and pathology of baseball shoulders and baseball elbows that occur in children as sports injuries. A model for reproducing elbow pathology has been proposed (Patent Document 3).

However, there is currently no commercially available human anatomical model that accurately mimics the pediatric skeleton.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-230226 Utility Model Registration No. 3150479 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-169596

Epiphyseal Growth Plate Fractures 2007th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-3540338017, ISBN-10: 3540338012

Currently, in orthopedics, radiography is generally used to examine the condition of the skeleton for treatment or diagnosis. However, cartilage parts such as the growth cartilage plate and epiphyseal cartilage, which are characteristic of pediatric growing bone, are not captured by X-ray photography. Therefore, in pediatric medical care, it is a difficult task for an inexperienced medical worker to grasp the state of the skeleton during the pediatric growth period only by X-ray photography.

In addition, there are diagnostic methods such as arthrography and MRI as means for photographing the pediatric skeleton, but arthrography is an invasive examination because an injection needle is pierced into the joint and a contrast medium is put into the joint. Great care must be taken not to affect the body. In addition, MRI requires sedation to be performed in children because it is necessary for one person to enter the cylindrical inspection device and stay immobile for a long time. Furthermore, medical expenses and equipment costs are high, so the environment is not easy to implement.

In order for medical trainees to become familiar with the pediatric skeleton, for example, it is necessary to conduct training to infer the shape of the bone from the X-ray photograph while comparing the two using an X-ray photograph and an actual model of the pediatric skeleton. is necessary. For that purpose, teaching materials such as a model of a pediatric skeleton that is close to a reproduction of the real thing are required, but the skeleton model that is commercially available in the past imitates an adult skeleton and is not suitable as a training material for medical treatment of a pediatric skeleton. do not have. Elaborate skeletal models with pediatric skeletal features such as epiphyseal cartilage are not commercially available.

The teaching material of Patent Document 2 explains the skeleton of a child showing grown cartilage, but since it is a two-dimensional drawing, it is not possible to fully grasp the three-dimensional structure of the pediatric skeleton.

Further, the model of Patent Document 3 includes a growing cartilage, an epiphyseal nucleus, cartilage of each part, etc., but this model is intended to make it possible to reproduce the injury mechanism and pathological condition, and each of them. The parts are created individually and assembled so that movements and deformations can be recognized, and it is not a model that can grasp the characteristics of the pediatric skeleton in comparison with X-ray photographs.

Therefore, an object of the present invention made in view of the above-mentioned problems is to provide a pediatric skeletal model capable of easily grasping the skeletal structure of a child.

In order to solve the above problems, the pediatric skeleton model according to the present invention is characterized in that the bone tissue portion is made of an opaque material and the cartilage portion is made of a transparent material.

Further, in the pediatric skeleton model, it is desirable that the epiphyseal nucleus portion made of an opaque material is arranged in the cartilage portion.

Further, it is desirable that the pediatric skeleton model has a display indicating the age of the pediatric skeleton.

The pediatric skeletal model is from at least one model of the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and peritoneum, which are long bones, a model of that part, or a combination of the long bones or a part thereof. It is desirable that the model imitates the joint.

Further, in the pediatric skeleton model, at least one of the bone tissue portion and the cartilage portion may have a shape that reproduces a fracture.

According to the pediatric skeletal model in the present invention, the skeletal structure of a child can be easily grasped.

It is a figure depicting the cut specimen of the distal part of the humerus of a pediatric skeleton. It is the figure which drew the structure of the distal part of the humerus for each age. It is the figure which drew the structure of the proximal part of the humerus for each age. It is the figure which drew the structure of the proximal part of a femur for each age. It is a figure which shows the example of the main part of the pediatric skeleton model of one Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of the whole structure of the pediatric skeleton model of one embodiment.

First, the characteristics of the skeleton of a child will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting a cut specimen of the distal portion (elbow) of the humerus of a pediatric skeleton. The cartilage 2 at the epiphysis is present at the tip of the diaphysis of the humerus and the bone tissue 1 at the metaphysis. Further, inside the cartilage 2 at the epiphysis, there is an epiphyseal nucleus 3 which is the center of ossification. Thus, the epiphysis of the skeleton of a child is made of cartilage 2, and as already mentioned, the cartilage portion is not shown in the X-ray photograph. Therefore, the X-ray image and the actual bone shape are different. In the X-ray photograph, the bone tissue 1 at the end of the diaphysis appears white, and the epiphyseal nucleus 3 appears to float away from it. The actual shape of the bone and the shape of the joint surface are not shown.

Next, as a characteristic of the pediatric skeleton, the shape and structure of the epiphyseal cartilage 2 and the epiphyseal nucleus 3 change with age. FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting the structure of the distal portion of the humerus for each age (reference: Non-Patent Document 1). At 0 to 1 year old, only the epiphyseal cartilage 2 is present at the tip of the bone tissue 1. At 2-4 years old, 5-7 years old, 8-9 years old, 10-12 years old, the epiphyseal nucleus 3 develops in the cartilage 2 at the epiphyseal and grows with age. Around the age of 13, the bone tissue 1 and the epiphyseal nucleus 3 are almost integrated and become close to the skeleton of an adult.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing changes in the structure of the proximal part of the humerus with age (reference: Non-Patent Document 1). In newborns, only the epiphyseal cartilage 2 is present at the tip of the bone tissue 1. At 7 months of age, epiphyseal nucleus 3 develops in the epiphyseal cartilage 2.

FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting the structure of the proximal part of the femur for each age (reference: Non-Patent Document 1). At the age of 2 months, only the epiphyseal cartilage 2 is present at the tip of the bone tissue 1. It can be seen that the epiphyseal nucleus 3 develops around 8 months after birth, the epiphyseal nucleus 3 grows with age at 2, 7, and 15 years old, and the entire epiphyseal gradually becomes bone.

As described above, referring to FIGS. 2 to 4, the outer shape of the skeleton does not change significantly in any of the skeletal parts, but the shape of the epiphysis (bone tissue 1), the shape of the cartilage 2 at the epiphysis, and the epiphysis. The shape and size of the epiphyseal nucleus 3 occupied in the cartilage 2 of the cartilage 2 changes with age. Therefore, it is not easy to grasp the stereoscopic image of the shape of the bone including the cartilage from the plane X-ray photograph in which only the bone tissue 1 and the epiphyseal nucleus 3 are shown as a projected image. To be able to do this, it is necessary to train to remember the shape and three-dimensional position of the metaphysis (bone tissue 1), epiphyseal cartilage 2 and epiphyseal nucleus 3 for each age. Therefore, the present invention reproduces the entire bone shape including the cartilage 2 at the epiphysis, which is not shown in the X-ray photograph, as an image from the projected images of the bone tissue 1 and the epiphyseal nucleus 3 shown in the X-ray photograph, and corresponds to each of them. We provide a pediatric skeletal model to enable three-dimensional understanding of relationships.

It should be noted that such changes in the cartilage at the epiphysis and the epiphyseal nucleus are not limited to the above-mentioned bones of the arm and leg, and similar growth occurs in various bones of the whole body such as the hands, feet, and pelvis. Therefore, it is desirable to make a model of the pediatric skeleton for each bone in various parts of the body and for each growth process.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a main part of the pediatric skeleton model according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is, for example, an enlarged view of the distal end of a pediatric humerus model. The diaphysis and the bone tissue portion 10 imitating the bone tissue 1 at the epiphysis are formed of an opaque material, and the cartilage portion 20 imitating the cartilage 2 at the epiphysis is formed of a transparent material, and both are integrated. Further, inside the transparent material of the cartilage portion 20, the epiphyseal nucleus portion 30 imitating the epiphyseal nucleus 3 is formed of an opaque material and enclosed. Therefore, the epiphyseal nucleus 30 can be seen through in the cartilage 20. The shape and arrangement of each part are created based on the image data of the actual pediatric skeleton.

The opaque material constituting the bone tissue portion 10 and the epiphyseal nucleus portion 30 is not limited in color or material, but a white to pale yellow material similar to the actual bone tissue is desirable. Further, the material is preferably a material having a certain degree of hardness, such as a calcareous material or a hard plastic.

The transparent material constituting the cartilage portion 20 is not limited in color or material, but is colorless and transparent or at least transparent to the extent that the posterior side can be seen through so that the shape and arrangement of the inner epiphyseal nucleus portion 30 can be recognized. A material with light property is desirable. Specifically, for example, a material obtained by solidifying a material such as a transparent resin is desirable.

FIG. 6 shows an example of the overall structure of the pediatric skeleton model according to the embodiment of the present invention. The pediatric skeleton model of the present embodiment is, for example, a model of a humerus of a child. The entire body including the cartilage part 20 at the proximal end to the bone tissue part 10 at the diaphysis to the cartilage part 20 at the distal end is regarded as one model. Further, inside the cartilage portion 20 made of a transparent material, an epiphyseal nucleus portion 30 made of an opaque material is arranged. FIG. 6 shows a skeleton model of a 0-year-old child, a skeleton model of a 6-year-old child, and a skeleton model of a 12-year-old child, respectively. Since the pediatric skeleton changes greatly with age, a skeletal model is created according to age. For example, it is desirable to make bones in the same place for 4 to 5 generations of age. In addition, in order to grasp the whole shape of the bone, the whole model is good as shown in FIG. 6, but the whole model is not indispensable. For example, in order to grasp the joint portion, a pediatric skeleton model having only a main portion (part) may be used as shown in FIG.

By comparing the skeletal model of each age with the X-ray, the shape of the cartilage 2 at the epiphysis (outer shape of the bone) and the positional relationship between them can be easily obtained from the bone tissue 1 and the epiphyseal nucleus 3 shown in the X-ray. Can be grasped. As a result, it becomes possible to judge whether it is normal or abnormal from the X-ray photograph.

In addition, at any position of each skeleton model (for example, the central part of the bone tissue portion 10), a display (number, number, which indicates the age of the pediatric skeleton, how old (or several months) the model of the pediatric skeleton is. Symbols, etc.) may be added. By attaching a display indicating the age, it becomes easy to grasp the age, and the learning efficiency using the pediatric skeleton model can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the model of the humerus has been described, but for all the bones, a skeletal model can be produced based on the present invention. For example, for the above-mentioned upper limbs, a skeletal model of a radius and an ulna can be produced in addition to the humerus. Further, a skeletal model (or a partial model thereof) of the humerus, radius, and ulna, which are long bones, may be combined and arranged adjacent to each other to form a model imitating an elbow joint. By combining related bone models, the articular surface of each bone can be easily grasped.

Further, at least one of the bone tissue portion 10 and the cartilage portion 20 of the skeleton model may have a shape that reproduces the fracture. By creating a model that reproduces a typical fracture, it is possible to create a training model for interpreting X-ray photographs at the time of fracture.

Furthermore, not limited to the bones of the arm, various bones of the whole body such as the long canal bones of the lower limbs (femoral bone, tibia, phalange), the middle hand bones and phalanges of the hands, the metatarsal bones and toes of the feet, the pelvis and the shoulder blades, etc. You can make a model in the same way. In particular, it is desirable to form a pediatric skeletal model for each growth process of bone whose epiphyseal cartilage and epiphyseal nucleus change with age.

For the model of the pediatric skeleton, it is desirable to acquire accurate 3D data of the pediatric skeleton using CT or MRI, and to create bone design data of various parts of the body based on the acquired 3D data. The pediatric skeleton model can be made in any size as long as the shape of the skeleton is accurate, but it is desirable to make it in full size for learning the pediatric skeleton.

Regarding the method for manufacturing the pediatric skeleton model of the present embodiment, the cartilage portion 20 made of a transparent material (for example, transparent resin) in which the epiphyseal nucleus portion 30 is enclosed and the bone tissue portion 10 are separately prepared, and both are prepared separately. It can be formed by adhering and integrating. For example, the bone tissue portion 10 may be manufactured from a mold. Further, it is also possible to create three-dimensional design data of the pediatric skeleton in advance based on the data acquired by MRI or CT, input the data to, for example, a 3D printer, and form the pediatric skeleton model in one process. At this time, the bone tissue portion 10, the epiphyseal nucleus portion 30, and the cartilage portion 20 can be integrally formed as a whole by using materials having different colors and transparency. If the model structures shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are finally obtained, any manufacturing method can be used.

In the above embodiment, the structure of the pediatric skeleton model has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be configured as a method for manufacturing the pediatric skeleton model. For example, the process of acquiring 3D data of bones of a child, the process of creating 3D design data of bones based on the acquired 3D data, and the process of inputting the created 3D design data to a 3D printer. It may be configured as a method for manufacturing a pediatric skeleton model, which comprises a step of producing a pediatric skeleton model in which the bone tissue portion is made of an opaque material and the cartilage portion is made of a transparent material.

Although the above embodiments have been described as typical examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and substitutions can be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of claims.

1 Bone tissue 2 Bone end cartilage 3 Bone end nucleus 10 Bone tissue part 20 Cartilage part 30 Bone end nucleus part

Claims (5)

A pediatric skeletal model characterized in that the bone tissue part is made of an opaque material and the cartilage part is made of a transparent material. In the pediatric skeleton model according to claim 1,
A pediatric skeletal model characterized in that an epiphyseal nucleus made of an opaque material is arranged in the cartilage. In the pediatric skeleton model according to claim 1 or 2.
A pediatric skeleton model characterized by having a label indicating the age of the pediatric skeleton. In the pediatric skeleton model according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The pediatric skeletal model includes at least one model of a long bone such as a humerus, a radius, a ulnar bone, a femur, a tibia, and a fibula, or a model of a part thereof, or a joint composed of a combination of the long bones or a part thereof. A pediatric skeletal model characterized by being a model that imitates. In the pediatric skeleton model according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
A pediatric skeletal model, characterized in that at least one of the bone tissue portion and the cartilage portion has a shape that reproduces a fracture.

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