JP7084891B2 - How to determine the position of anchor bolts - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for determining the position of anchor bolts.

In order to seismically retrofit a reinforced concrete structure, steel plates or members made of steel plates may be attached to the wall surface. In this case, an anchor bolt is provided on the wall surface, the anchor bolt is inserted through the opening, and a steel plate or the like is attached using a nut or the like. An opening is formed in a steel plate or the like according to the position of an anchor bolt. It is necessary to install anchor bolts while avoiding steel frames and reinforcing bars in the structure, and the mounting position is determined at the site, so it is necessary to measure the mounting position of the anchor bolts at the site and then form an opening in the steel plate etc. ..

Generally, in order to obtain the position of an opening to be formed in a steel plate or the like, after forming a hole for inserting an anchor bolt, a roll paper is applied to the wall surface of the structure and the hole is traced with ink or the like. In addition, a marking line was drawn on the wall surface, and the worker manually measured the position of the hole based on the marking line.

In addition, Patent Document 1 discloses that the position where the anchor bolt is provided is measured by using a total station which is a high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring instrument. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that a foamable resin is pressed against a wall surface provided with an anchor bolt, and the position of the anchor bolt is determined by the position of a recess formed in the foamable resin.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-82295 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-196461

However, in the conventional general method, tracing work and surveying work are complicated and require a lot of time. Further, since these operations are performed before the anchor bolts are fixed in the holes, there is a possibility that the structure is left unattended for a long period of time in a state where the structural strength is insufficient. Further, the anchor bolt may be fixed in the hole in an inclined state, but since the opening is not formed in consideration of this inclination, if the inclination is large, the anchor bolt fixing work may be redone or the anchor bolt may be fixed. It was necessary to perform processing to change the shape of the opening on site.

Further, since the total station disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires a large space for equipment installation and measurement, it cannot be applied to a narrow space, and the target needs to be attached to an anchor bolt, which makes the work complicated. Met. Further, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, a large amount of foamable resin is required, and the operator needs to measure the position of the dent formed in the foamable resin, which requires complicated work. Met.

In view of the above points, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of easily determining the position of an anchor bolt including an inclination.

The method for determining the position of anchor bolts of the present invention includes a step of capturing images of the wall surface of a structure provided with partially protruding anchor bolts from at least two different directions to obtain at least two sets of image data, and at least two sets. The wall surface was viewed from the front with respect to the step of obtaining the positions of the tips and roots of the protruding portions of the anchor bolts by three-dimensional photographic survey from the image data of the above, and the positions of the tips and roots of the protruding portions of the anchor bolts. It is characterized by including a process of superimposing on the shape.

According to the method for determining the position of anchor bolts of the present invention, the position of anchor bolts is automatically obtained by an operator or the like taking an image of the wall surface of a structure from at least two different directions using an image pickup device such as a digital camera. It is possible. Therefore, it is possible to accurately determine the position of the anchor bolt without using a dedicated large-scale device such as a total station and without having the worker perform complicated work. Further, since the positions of the tips and roots of the protruding portions of the anchor bolts are obtained, the case where the anchor bolts are inclined is also considered.

In the method for determining the position of the anchor bolt of the present invention, it is preferable that one of the at least two different directions is the direction in which the wall surface is viewed from the front.

In this case, it is possible to directly superimpose the obtained positions of the tip and the root of the protruding portion of the anchor bolt on the image represented by the image data obtained by imaging the wall surface from the front view. This eliminates the need to separately create an image or image data showing the shape of the wall surface from the front view direction.

Further, in the method for determining the position of the anchor bolt of the present invention, the shape including the portion occupied by the anchor bolt existing at the tip and the root of the protruding portion of the anchor bolt is viewed from the front. It is preferable to provide a step of superimposing on the shape.

In this case, considering that the anchor bolt is inclined and provided on the wall surface, the position and shape of the opening to be formed in the steel plate or the like through which the opening is inserted into the anchor bolt is easily determined with the wall surface as the mounting surface. It becomes possible to do.

A schematic front view showing a state in which a seismic retrofitting member is attached to a bridge. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional arrow view taken along line II-II in FIG. The flowchart of the seismic retrofitting method including the position determination method of the anchor bolt which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which anchor bolts are attached to a bridge. The figure which superimposes the position of the determined anchor bolt on the drawing of a steel plate. The figure which shows the steel plate which formed the opening.

Regarding the seismic retrofitting method including the method for determining the position of the anchor bolt according to the embodiment of the present invention, a case where the seismic retrofitting member 20 is attached to the reinforced concrete bridge 10 which is the seismic retrofitting object with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Let's take an example. The bridge 10 corresponds to the structure of the present invention.

Here, the seismic retrofitting member 20 includes a first member 21 fixed to the side surface 11a of the pier 11, a second member 22 fixed to the lower surface 12a of the bridge girder 12, and the first member 21 and the second member 21. It is composed of a connecting member 23 that connects the member 22 and the like.

The first member 21 is configured by fixing another steel plate 25 to a steel plate 24 fixed by using a plurality of anchor bolts 31 partially projecting from the side surface 11a of the pier 11 by welding or the like. Has been done. The steel plate 24 has a flat plate shape, and one surface 24a thereof serves as a mounting surface and is mounted in contact with the flat side surface 11a of the pier 11.

The second member 22 is configured by welding another steel plate 27 to the steel plate 26 which is fixed by using a plurality of anchor bolts 32 partially protruding from the lower surface 12a of the bridge girder 12. Has been done. The steel plate 26 has a flat plate shape, and one of the surfaces 26a serves as a mounting surface and is mounted in contact with the flat lower surface 12a of the pier 12. The seismic retrofitting member 20 is conventionally known, and its configuration is not limited to that shown in the drawings.

The first and second members 21 and 22 project the anchor bolts 31 and 32 in a state where the openings 24b and 26b formed in the steel plates 24 and 26 are inserted into the protrusions 31a and 32a of the anchor bolts 31 and 32. The nuts 41 and 42 are fastened to the portions 31a and 32a and fixed to the above-mentioned side surface 11a and lower surface 12a which are mounting surfaces.

In this seismic reinforcement method, referring to FIG. 3, the anchor bolt hole forming step STEP1, the anchor bolt fixing step STEP2, the imaging step STEP3, the anchor bolt position determining step STEP4, the opening position determining step STEP5, the opening forming step STEP6, and the seismic resistance The reinforcing member mounting process STEP7 is provided.

First, in the anchor bolt hole forming step STEP1, the holes 11b and 12b for providing the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are formed in the bridge 10 with reference to FIG. Specifically, a worker drills holes 11b, 12b having a predetermined depth for inserting a predetermined number of anchor bolts 31, 32 into the side surface 11a of the pier 11 and the lower surface 12a of the bridge girder 12. It is formed by using. The holes 11b and 12b are basically formed at the locations specified at the time of design for attaching the seismic retrofitting member 20, but it is necessary to avoid the steel frames and reinforcing bars in the bridge 10, and the holes 11b and 12b are not necessarily determined at the time of design. It is not always formed in the designated place.

Next, in the anchor bolt fixing step STEP2, the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are fixed in the holes 11b and 12b formed in the anchor bolt hole forming step STEP1. Specifically, the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are inserted into the holes 11b and 12b in a state of protruding by a predetermined length, and a fixing material such as mortar is inserted into the gap between the anchor bolts 31 and 32 and the inner walls of the holes 11b and 12b. Place in. After that, the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are fixed by curing the fixing material. At this time, it is preferable that the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are fixed in a state of being inserted in a direction orthogonal to the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a, but in reality, there are some that are fixed with a slight inclination.

Next, in the imaging step STEP3, the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a provided with the anchor bolts 31 and 32 partially protruding are imaged from at least two different directions. Specifically, an operator uses an image pickup device such as a digital camera to image the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a to obtain at least two images (two sets of image data). The mounting surfaces 11a and 12a correspond to the wall surface of the present invention.

When all the anchor bolts 31 and 32 to which the steel plates 24 and 26 are attached are present in a narrow range, all the anchor bolts 31 and 32 used for attaching the steel plates 24 and 26 are captured in one image. It is preferable to take an image as follows. However, when the range of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 is wide, a plurality of images may be captured after the images have overlapping portions.

It is preferable to provide the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a with intersections by marking lines, marks of attached scale stickers, and the like as reference points. This makes it easy to integrate a plurality of images captured from different directions or to superimpose a plurality of images captured from the same direction. However, structural feature points such as the ends of the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a may be used as reference points or integration points.

Further, it is necessary to image all the anchor bolts 31 and 32 from at least two different directions. However, images may be taken from three or more different directions. This makes it possible to improve the position accuracy of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 determined in the anchor bolt position determination step STEP4 described later.

It is preferable that one of the imaging directions is a direction in which the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a are viewed in front, that is, a direction orthogonal to the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a. This direction is also perpendicular to the mounting surfaces 24a and 26a of the steel plates 24 and 26. Further, it is preferable that one of the imaging directions is an image of at least a part of the roots 31b, 32b of the protruding portions 31a, 32a of the anchor bolts 31, 32. If all the roots 31b and 32b cannot be captured in an image from one direction, the images may be captured from two or more directions. In this case, these images do not necessarily have to capture the overlapping portions.

Next, in the anchor bolt position determination step STEP4, the positions of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are determined based on the plurality of images obtained in the imaging step STEP3. Specifically, with reference to FIG. 5, the positions of the roots 31b and 32b and the tip portions 31c and 32c of the protruding portions 31a and 32a of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are determined. In FIG. 5, the solid line shows the shape and position of the root 31b, and the dotted line shows the shape and position of the tip 32c.

In addition, these shapes and positions may be determined by using various known close-up photogrammetry methods. For example, it may be determined by installing commercially available software for obtaining a three-dimensional image using a close-up photogrammetry method on a computer such as a PC and processing the captured image data on the computer. At this time, the determination may be made in consideration of the fact that the approximate lengths and cross-sectional shapes of the protruding portions 31a and 32a of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are known.

Specifically, the positions of the roots 31b and 32b are determined to have a circular outer shape and their positions, respectively, and the positions of the tip portions 31c and 32c are determined to have a circular or elliptical outer shape and their positions. do it. However, the center points of the roots 31b and 32b and the tips 31c and 32c may be determined as positions. These positions are determined as three-dimensional positions from reference points such as the above-mentioned feature points.

As the image pickup device, it is preferable to use a digital camera or the like equipped with an optical system lens, a CCD image sensor, or the like, and the internal control elements such as the focal length and the principal point are known in advance. Further, it is more preferable that the image pickup apparatus is one in which two such digital cameras are fixed so as to have a known posture angle, a projection center, and the like at a known distance from each other. As a result, the stereo image data can be composed of the image data obtained by taking pictures with two digital cameras, and the position accuracy of the determined anchor bolts 31 and 32 can be improved.

However, the positions of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 may be determined based on images taken from at least two unknown directions using one digital camera. This is based on the fact that the approximate lengths and radius of gyration of the protrusions 31a and 32a of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are known. However, in this case, the position accuracy of the determined anchor bolts 31 and 32 may be inferior.

Next, in the opening position determination step STEP5, with reference to FIG. 6, the positions of the openings 24b and 26b formed in the steel plates 24 and 26 and the positions of the openings 24b and 26b formed in the steel plates 24 and 26 based on the positions of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 determined in the anchor bolt position determination step STEP4. Determine the shape.

Specifically, first, based on the result of determining the positions of the roots 31b, 32b and the tip portions 31c, 32c of the protruding portions 31a, 32b of the anchor bolts 31, 32, these positions and shapes are determined by the mounting surface 11a, It is shown superimposed on each of the shapes of 12a viewed from the front. Specifically, these positions or shapes are shown by superimposing them on a drawing such as a CAD drawing of the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a viewed from the front, or a virtual two-dimensional drawing in a computer. Further, in these drawings and the like, contour lines showing the shapes of the steel plates 24 and 26 are also drawn and shown.

The shapes of the steel plates 24 and 26 and the positions of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 may be superimposed on the front view image taken by the image pickup apparatus. In addition, work such as drawing may be performed only in the computer.

Next, in the opening forming step STEP6, the openings 24b and 26b through which the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are inserted are formed in the steel plates 24 and 26 based on the image shown in the opening position determining step STEP5.

Specifically, when the roots 31b and 32b of the protruding portions 31a and 32a of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 and the tip portions 31c and 32c are at the same position, the openings 24b and 26b have a circular shape. On the other hand, when the roots 31b and 32b of the protruding portions 31a and 32a of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 and the tip portions 31c and 32c are located at different positions, the openings 24b and 26b have an oval shape so as to include these shapes. It becomes a shape such as.

Then, a CAD diagram is created in which the openings 24b and 26b having such a shape are superimposed on the shapes of the steel plates 24 and 26, and based on this CAD diagram, the operator opens the openings 24 and 24 in the steel plates 24 and 26. Form 26. The openings 24b and 26b may be automatically formed in the steel plates 24 and 26 by using a CAD / CAM system or the like.

Finally, in the seismic retrofitting member mounting step STEP7, the seismic retrofitting member 20 produced by using the steel plates 24 and 26 having the openings 24b and 26b formed in the opening forming step STEP6 is mounted on the bridge 10.

Specifically, the first and second members 21 and 22 are manufactured using the steel plates 24 and 26 having the openings 24b and 26b formed in the opening forming step STEP6. Then, the anchor bolt 31 protruding from the side surface 11a of the pier 11 is inserted into each opening 24b formed in the steel plate 24 of the manufactured first member 21, and the mounting surface 24a of the steel plate 24 abuts on the side surface 11a. In this state, the nut 41 is screwed into each anchor bolt 31 to fix it. Similarly, the anchor bolt 32 protruding from the lower surface 12a of the bridge girder 12 is inserted through each opening 26b formed in the steel plate 26 of the second member 22, and the mounting surface 26a of the steel plate 26 is brought into contact with the lower surface 12a. In this state, the nut 42 is screwed into each anchor bolt 32 to fix it.

After that, the first member 21 and the second member 22 are connected by the connecting member 23 to complete the seismic retrofitting member 20. As a result, the attachment of the seismic retrofitting member 20 to the bridge 10 is completed.

As described above, according to this seismic retrofitting method, the positions of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are obtained by an operator or the like imaging the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a from at least two different directions using an image pickup device such as a digital camera. Can be automatically calculated by a computer or the like. And since this can be done automatically without using a dedicated large-scale device such as a total station and without the worker performing complicated tracing work or surveying work, the work time can be increased. It can be shortened.

Further, since the positions of the roots 31b, 32b and the tip portions 31c, 32c of the protruding portions 31a, 32a of the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are automatically obtained, the case where the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are inclined is also taken into consideration. It is possible to form openings 24b, 26b having a shape suitable for the correct position on the steel plates 24, 26.

Further, since the anchor bolts 31 and 32 can be fixed in the holes 11b and 12b immediately after the holes 11b and 12b for inserting the anchor bolts 31 and 32 are formed in the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a. It is possible to shorten the period in which the structural strength of the structure is inferior.

The present invention is not limited to the one implemented in the seismic retrofitting method specifically described in the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified as long as it is within the scope of the claims. ..

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the seismic retrofitting member 20 is attached to the two attachment surfaces 11a and 12a has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the seismic retrofitting member may be attached to one or three or more mounting surfaces. Further, the case where the seismic retrofitting member 20 is a constituent member such as steel plates 25, 27 other than the steel plates 24 and 26 that are directly attached to the mounting surfaces 11a and 12a has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the seismic retrofitting member may be made only of a steel plate that is directly attached to the attachment surface. Further, it may be applied when a member for purposes other than the seismic retrofitting member is attached to a structure other than the bridge 10.

10 ... Bridge (structure), 11 ... Pier, 11a ... Side surface of bridge pier (mounting surface, wall surface), 11b ... Hole, 12 ... Bridge girder, 12a ... Bottom surface of bridge girder (mounting surface, wall surface), 12b ... Hole, 20 ... Seismic reinforcement, 21 ... 1st member, 22 ... 2nd member, 23 ... Connecting member, 24-27 ... Steel plate, 24a, 26a ... Mounting surface, 24b, 26b ... Opening, 31, 32 ... Anchor bolt, 31a , 32a ... Projection, 31b, 32b ... Root, 31c, 32c ... Tip.

Claims (3)

A process of obtaining at least two sets of image data by imaging the wall surface of a structure provided with partially protruding anchor bolts from at least two different directions.
A step of obtaining the positions of the tips and roots of the protruding portions of the anchor bolts by three-dimensional photogrammetry from at least two sets of image data.
A method for determining the position of an anchor bolt, comprising: The method for determining the position of an anchor bolt according to claim 1, wherein one of the at least two different directions is a direction in which the wall surface is viewed from the front. It is characterized by comprising a step of superimposing a shape including a portion occupied by the anchor bolt existing at the position of the tip and the root of the protruding portion of the anchor bolt on the shape of the wall surface viewed from the front. The method for determining the position of an anchor bolt according to claim 1 or 2.

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