JP7061920B2 - Glulam and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to laminated lumber in which the ends of wood are joined together and a method for producing the same.

Glulam with the ends of wood spliced together can form large lumber from small lumber. It is also possible to reuse the scraps produced during sawing, and to create a material with appropriate strength by removing knots, cracks, and cuts. Conventionally, in joints made of large-area laminated lumber, members are joined by using a large amount of metal fittings such as steel plates, drift pins, and bolts. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which holes facing the joint surfaces of two pieces of wood are provided, a reinforcing bar is inserted into these holes, and the gap between the reinforcing bar and the hole is filled with mortar. Has been done.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-193570

By the way, when a hardware is used, there is a concern that the fire resistance may be lowered due to the influence of heat conduction by the hardware. In order to improve the fire resistance, it is necessary to secure the distance from the surface of the wood to the hardware, and it is often necessary to take measures such as increasing the cross-sectional area and burying the wood. In addition, there are problems such as an increase in the weight of members, an increase in cost, and an increase in environmental load due to the heavy use of hardware.

On the other hand, there are traditional joint construction methods that do not use hardware and joint construction methods that use conventional adhesive joining, but the strength of the joint is extremely low compared to the strength that the member originally possesses, so large-area members. It is difficult to adopt it, and it is often the case that the joint must be made of hardware.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated wood having sufficient bonding strength and a method for producing the same.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the laminated timber according to the present invention is a laminated timber in which the ends of two timbers are joined to each other, and the timbers are provided with each of them in the joining direction. A plurality of protruding mountain portions, a plurality of valley portions provided on the wood, which are recessed in the joining direction and into which the mountain portions are fitted, and a joint in which the mountain portions and the valley portions are mutually meshed with each other. It has a hole provided at the joint and a plug that is press-fitted into the hole and exerts a pressing force at least in the joint direction, and the mountain portion and the valley portion have a hole with respect to the joint direction. It is characterized in that it is formed alternately along the first orthogonal direction, each extends along the second orthogonal direction with respect to the joining direction, and the hole portion penetrates in the first orthogonal direction.

The top of the mountain and the bottom of the valley may be inclined with respect to the second orthogonal direction.

The tops of the plurality of peaks and the bottoms of the valleys may be formed so as to be displaced in the splicing direction depending on the location.

The mountain portion facing at least one of both end faces in the first orthogonal direction and the valley portion into which the mountain portion is fitted are each a plurality of surface mountain portions protruding in the joint direction and the joint direction. It has a plurality of surface valleys into which the surface peaks are fitted, and the surface peaks and the surface valleys may be alternately formed along the second orthogonal direction.

The stopper may be made of wood and may have a wedge shape that tapers toward the insertion destination.

Further, the method for manufacturing laminated wood according to the present invention includes a plurality of mountain portions protruding in the splicing direction and a plurality of valley portions recessed in the splicing direction into which the mountain portions are fitted. And the valley portion is formed alternately along the first orthogonal direction with respect to the splicing direction, and forms two woods extending along the second orthogonal direction with respect to the splicing direction, respectively. In the meshing step of joining the two ends of the wood together and engaging the mountain portion and the valley portion with each other, and in the hole provided at the joint portion between the mountain portion and the valley portion. On the other hand, it is characterized by having a plug press-fitting step in which a plug is press-fitted and at least a pressing force is applied in the splicing direction, and a crimping step in which the splicing portion is sandwiched from both end faces and crimped.

In the laminated wood and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention, a plurality of peaks and a plurality of valleys are meshed with each other, and a stopper is press-fitted into a hole provided at the joint. Sufficient bonding strength can be obtained.

1A and 1B are views showing laminated wood according to an embodiment, FIG. 1A is a perspective view, FIG. 1B is a side view, FIG. 1C is a plan view, and FIG. 1D is a partial view. It is an enlarged plan view. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of laminated wood. 3A and 3B are views showing a process of compressing laminated wood, FIG. 3A is a side view thereof, FIG. 3B is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3C is a view seen from a splicing direction. .. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged plan view showing an example in which the through holes are shifted in two pieces of wood to be joined. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the laminated wood according to the modified example.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the laminated wood according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view showing a laminated wood 10 which is an embodiment of the laminated wood according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the laminated lumber 10 is formed by joining the ends of two timbers 12a and 12b to each other. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the splicing direction is the X direction, the thickness direction orthogonal to the splicing direction is the Y direction (first orthogonal direction), and the splicing direction and the direction orthogonal to the thickness direction are the Z direction (second orthogonal direction). Indicated by an arrow in the figure.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the laminated lumber 10, a plurality of mountain portions 14 and a plurality of valley portions 16 formed on the timber 12a and the timber 12b, respectively, are meshed with each other and spliced together. Six through holes (holes) 20 are provided in the joint portion 18 in which the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16 are meshed with each other, and a pair of plugs 22 are press-fitted into the through holes 20 from both sides in the Y direction. ing. The wood 12a and the wood 12b are bonded with an adhesive having high adhesive strength, fire resistance, and durability. Regarding the laminated wood 10, first, the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16 will be described.

The mountain portion 14 protrudes in the X direction. The valley portion 16 is recessed in the X direction, and the mountain portion 14 is fitted into the valley portion 16. The mountain portions 14 and the valley portions 16 are formed alternately along the Y direction, and respectively extend along the Z direction to form a comb tooth shape. The wood 12a has four mountain portions 14, and the two at both ends in the Y direction are substantially half the height in the X direction as compared with the two in the center. The wood 12a has three valleys 16, and the two ends in the Y direction have approximately half the depth in the X direction as compared with the central one. The wood 12b has three mountain portions 14. The wood 12b has four valleys 16, two of which are open at both ends in the Y direction, and have a depth of about half in the X direction as compared with the two in the center.

As described above, the mountain portion 14 of the wood 12a corresponds to the number and shape of the valley portion 16 of the wood 12b, and the valley portion 16 of the wood 12a corresponds to the number and shape of the mountain portion 14 of the wood 12b. Since there are a total of seven peaks 14 and six valleys 16, seven layers are formed in the Y direction at the joint portion 18. Although the wood 12a and the wood 12b have different shapes here, the same shape may be used by combining the numbers of the mountain portions 14 and the valley portions 16. Although the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16 have an inverted shape that allows meshing, the valley portion 16 may be slightly wider than the mountain portion 14 in consideration of the meshing tolerance.

The top portion 14a of the mountain portion 14 and the bottom portion 16a of the valley portion 16 have a semi-arc shape in a plan view (XY plane), and are in contact with each other without a gap. The top 14a and the bottom 16a are laterally viewed (XZ plane) and are slightly inclined with respect to the Y direction (see FIG. 1 (b)). The tilt direction is opposite on the left and right. That is, the distance W1 between the left and right tops 14a (bottom 16a) in the lower part is slightly narrower than the distance W2 in the upper part. Since the top 14a and the bottom 16a have different structures as compared with other parts, stress tends to be concentrated easily. However, in general, a force that bends the laminated wood 10 in the Z direction is often applied. Therefore, by making the shape inclined with respect to the Z direction, stress concentration can be avoided and the strength is high. Become.

The mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16 are formed by two sides whose ends in the Y direction are parallel to each other in the X direction in a plan view, and have a large frictional force at the time of joining and a high joining strength. Further, in order to secure the joint strength, the mountain portion 14 is sufficiently high and the valley portion 16 is formed sufficiently deep. Specifically, the distance W1 formed by the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16 has a dimension approximately 20 times larger than the Y-direction pitch P (see FIG. 2) of the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16. .. The interval W1 may be at least twice, preferably five times or more the pitch P in the Y direction.

Next, the through hole 20 and the plug 22 will be described.

The through holes 20 are provided in two rows in the X direction and three rows in the Z direction, for a total of six, and are arranged at equal intervals in the Z direction. Each of the three on the left and right is arranged at symmetrical positions with respect to the central connecting line 24, and the interval thereof is approximately half of the above interval W2. The through hole 20 penetrates the joint portion 18 in the Y direction and is a long hole slightly long in the X direction. Both ends of the through hole 20 in the X direction have a semi-arc shape.

The pair of plugs 22 that are press-fitted into the through hole 20 each have the same shape and are wedge-shaped that taper toward the insertion destination. More specifically, one side surface in the X direction has a shape that fits the arc end of the through hole 20, and the other side surface has an inclined surface slightly inclined with respect to the Z direction. The plug 22 is slightly longer than the length of the laminated wood 10 in the Y direction before press-fitting, and the protruding portion is scraped off after press-fitting. The stopper 22 is made of wood, and is made of the same material as, for example, wood 12a and wood 12b. The stopper 22 may be a non-metal metal material other than wood.

Next, a method for manufacturing the laminated wood 10 will be described.

First, as a forming step, two plate materials are processed to form a mountain portion 14, a valley portion 16 and a through hole 20, and wood 12a and 12b are obtained. If the processing of the through hole 20 is performed prior to the processing of the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16, stable processing is possible.

Then, the adhesive is applied to each mountain portion 14 and each valley portion 16. As mentioned above, the adhesive has high fire resistance. Further, in order to secure a certain amount of working time in the subsequent driving process of the stopper 22, it is preferable to use a type as an adhesive that cures relatively slowly.

Next, as a meshing step, as shown by the white arrows in FIG. 2, the wood 12a and the wood 12b are joined in the X direction, and the mountain portions 14 and the valley portions 16 are meshed with each other. In this meshing step, the wood 12a and the wood 12 may be pressed from both ends in the X direction with a pressing tool. In the meshing step, the top portion 14a and the bottom portion 16a that are inclined with respect to the Z direction come into contact with each other, but since the inclination directions are opposite on the left and right as shown in FIG. 1 (b), both ends in the X direction. The wood 12a and the wood 12b do not shift in the Y direction even when pressed from.

Further, as a plug press-fitting step, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), a pair of plugs 22 are inserted into the through holes 20 from both sides in the Y direction, one is fixed, and the other is driven by the press-fitting tool H to press-fit. The pair of plugs 22 are oriented so that their inclined surfaces are in contact with each other and the arcuate surface is on the opposite side. The pair of stoppers 22 exerts a pressing force at least in the X direction, and the wood 12a and the wood 12b are fitted deeper and integrated and firmly fixed. Further, even if the through hole 20 provided on the wood 12a side and the through hole 20 provided on the wood 12b side are slightly displaced in the X direction, the positional deviation is corrected by press-fitting the stopper 22. According to the stopper 22, it is possible to prevent the wood 12a and the wood 12b from being displaced from each other to the left and right until the adhesive is solidified.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), the plurality of top portions 14a and bottom portions 16a may be formed by appropriately shifting the position in the X direction by a predetermined amount d by a number (for example, half) depending on the location. As a result, it is possible to prevent a sudden change in strength of the joint portion along the X direction, and the strength is improved. In addition, the position where the cross section is missing can be shifted. The predetermined amount d to be shifted is not limited to one step, and may be set to a plurality of steps.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the through hole 20 provided on the wood 12a side is formed at a position slightly shifted to the right along the X direction, or is formed long to the right and is provided on the wood 12b side. If the hole 20 is formed at a position slightly offset to the left along the X direction or is formed long to the left, the movement allowance of the wood 12a and the wood 12b becomes longer by that amount, and the top 14a and the bottom 16a are formed. Can be strongly pressed.

According to the through hole 20 and the pair of plugs 22, the wood 12a and the wood 12b are also aligned in the Z direction. The stopper 22 is driven before the adhesive is cured. An adhesive may be applied to the surface of the stopper 22. Further, by press-fitting the pair of plugs 22 from both sides in the Y direction, the balance is improved as compared with the case where one plug is used. Depending on the conditions, a dowel may be used instead of the pair of plugs 22. When a dowel is used, the through hole 20 may be a round hole.

Next, as a compression step, as shown in FIG. 3, the entire joint portion 18 is sandwiched by the compression jig 30 and compacted in the Y direction. The compression jig 30 includes a pair of contact plates 32 that cover the entire joint portion 18 on both sides in the Y direction, a plurality of pressurizing blocks 34 that are applied to the pair of contact plates 32 and extend in the Z direction, and pressurization. The block 34 has a plurality of sets of bolts and nuts 36 that are passed over in the Y direction and tightened at the protrusions at both ends in the Z direction. The contact plate 32 is provided with an escape hole 32a for avoiding the through hole 20. The pressure block 34 is arranged at a position avoiding the escape hole 32a. The pressure block 34 is, for example, a hardwood.

By pressing the laminated wood 10 with the pressing jig 30 in this way, the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16 are brought into close contact with each other to increase the adhesive strength, and the warp of the mountain portion 14 is suppressed to form the appropriate dimensions. be able to. Further, in this pressing step, the pressing by the bolts and nuts 36 may be increased in several stages, and the stopper 22 may be further pressed in the middle of the pressing.

After the adhesive is cured, the compression jig 30 is removed, and the protruding portion of the stopper 22 is cut to shape it. Finally, the entire surface is scraped off with a planar to finish.

The laminated wood 10 produced in this way can obtain sufficient bonding strength without using hardware, and is suitable not only for small area materials but also for large area materials. In addition, since no hardware is used, there is no deterioration in fire resistance due to the influence of metal heat conduction. Since it does not contain hardware, the weight of the member can be reduced, the manufacturing cost can be suppressed, and the environmental load can be further reduced. Since it is not necessary to provide a reinforcing material such as hardware inside, it is possible to reduce the Y-direction dimension and the Z-direction dimension depending on the application. In the laminated wood 10, it is not always necessary to add hardware at all, and depending on the intended use, for example, decorative metal fittings may be attached.

The woods 12a and 12b are plates whose Z direction is longer than the Y direction, but may be reversed. Further, depending on the application, the top portion 14a and the bottom portion 16a may not be inclined in the side view and may be along the Y direction. This facilitates the formation of the peaks 14 and valleys 16. In the laminated wood 10, seven layers are formed at the joint portion 18 by the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16, but the number of layers is not limited to this and may be increased or decreased as appropriate. The number of through holes 20 into which the pair of plugs 22 are press-fitted is not limited to six, and may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the area of the joint portion 18. The shape of the top portion 14a and the bottom portion 16a is not limited to the semi-arc shape, and may be, for example, a stepped shape. Depending on the conditions, the mountain portion 14 and the valley portion 16 may be triangular, for example, in a plan view. In the laminated lumber 10, two timbers 12a and 12b are spliced together, but it goes without saying that three or more plate members may be spliced continuously by the same splicing. In that case, the splicing direction may be spliced not only in the X direction but also in the Z direction, for example.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the laminated lumber 10a according to the modified example. The laminated lumber 10a has a wood 38a corresponding to the above wood 12a and a wood 38b corresponding to the wood 12b. In the laminated wood 10a, the same components as those of the above-mentioned laminated wood 10 are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In the laminated lumber 10a, the mountain portions 14 and the valley portions 16 formed on the wood 38a and the wood 38b are engaged with each other, and the plurality of surface mountain portions 40 and the plurality of surface valley portions formed on the wood 38a and the wood 38b, respectively. 42 and 42 are meshed with each other and spliced together. In the wood 38a, 18 surface mountain portions 40 and 19 surface valley portions 42 are provided on the left surface in the X direction on two of the four mountain portions 14 at both ends in the Y direction. In the wood 38b, 19 surface peaks 40 and 18 surface valleys 42 are provided on the right side in the X direction at two of the four valleys 16 at both ends in the Y direction.

The surface mountain portion 40 projects in the X direction. The surface valley portion 42 is recessed in the X direction, and the surface peak portion 40 is fitted into the surface valley portion 42. The surface peaks 40 and the surface valleys 42 are alternately formed along the Z direction, and extend in the Y direction by the thickness of the peaks 14 and valleys 16. The surface peak 40 and the surface valley 42 are formed to be considerably smaller than the peak 14 and the valley 16.

By engaging the surface peak portion 40 and the surface valley portion 42 in this way, the bonding strength can be further increased. In particular, in a plate material such as laminated lumber 10a, since the surface has the largest tensile force and compressive force when a bending force is applied, the joint strength between the surface peaks 40 and the surface valleys 42 is improved. Is valid. It should be noted that such a joint between the surface peak portion 40 and the surface valley portion 42 is provided on at least one of both end faces in the Y direction of the laminated wood 10a to obtain a corresponding effect. Further, according to appropriately shifting the X-direction positions of the top portion 14a and the bottom portion 16a as shown in FIG. 1 (d), an appropriate number of the top portions of the plurality of surface peaks 40 and the bottom portions of the surface valley portions 42 are positioned in the X-direction. May be shifted.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that the present invention can be freely changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.

10,10a Glulam 12a, 12b, 38a, 38b Wood 14 Mountain 14a Top 16 Valley 16a Bottom 18 Joint 20 Through hole 22 Plug 24 Central connection line 30 Clamping jig 40 Surface mountain 42 Surface valley

Claims (5)

It is a laminated lumber in which the ends of two pieces of wood are joined together.
A plurality of mountain parts provided on the wood and protruding in the splicing direction, and
A plurality of valleys provided on the wood, dented in the splicing direction, and into which the mountain portion fits.
A hole provided at a joint where the mountain portion and the valley portion are meshed with each other, and a hole portion.
A stopper that is press-fitted into the hole and exerts a pressing force at least in the joining direction.
Have,
The peaks and valleys are alternately formed along the first orthogonal direction to the splicing direction and extend along the second orthogonal direction to the splicing direction, respectively.
The hole portion penetrates in the first orthogonal direction and penetrates .
A laminated wood characterized in that the top of the mountain portion and the bottom of the valley portion are inclined with respect to the second orthogonal direction . In the laminated lumber according to claim 1,
Glulam characterized in that the tops of the plurality of peaks and the bottoms of the valleys are formed so as to be displaced in the splicing direction depending on the location. In the laminated lumber according to claim 1 or 2 ,
The mountain portion facing at least one of both end faces in the first orthogonal direction and the valley portion into which the mountain portion fits are respectively.
A plurality of surface peaks protruding in the splicing direction, and
A plurality of surface valleys that are recessed in the splicing direction and into which the surface peaks are fitted.
Have,
The laminated wood is characterized in that the surface peaks and the surface valleys are alternately formed along the second orthogonal direction. In the laminated lumber according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
The stopper is a laminated lumber characterized by being made of wood and having a wedge shape that tapers toward the insertion destination. A plurality of ridges protruding in the splicing direction and a plurality of valleys recessed in the splicing direction into which the ridges are fitted are provided, and the ridges and the valleys are first with respect to the splicing direction. A forming step of forming two pieces of wood that are alternately formed along the orthogonal direction and extend along the second orthogonal direction with respect to the joining direction, respectively.
An meshing step in which the ends of the two pieces of wood are joined together and the mountain portion and the valley portion are meshed with each other.
A plug press-fitting step of press-fitting a plug into a hole provided at a joint between a mountain portion and a valley portion and applying a pressing force at least in the joint direction.
A crimping process in which the splicing points are sandwiched from both end faces and crimped.
Have,
In the forming step, a method for producing laminated wood, characterized in that the top of the mountain portion and the bottom of the valley portion are formed so as to be inclined with respect to the second orthogonal direction .

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