JP7050584B2 - Sensor - Google Patents

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JP7050584B2
JP7050584B2 JP2018108386A JP2018108386A JP7050584B2 JP 7050584 B2 JP7050584 B2 JP 7050584B2 JP 2018108386 A JP2018108386 A JP 2018108386A JP 2018108386 A JP2018108386 A JP 2018108386A JP 7050584 B2 JP7050584 B2 JP 7050584B2
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mass
cover body
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sensor
gas
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JP2019211363A (en
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雄次 島崎
賢太郎 森
紘也 古田
佳幸 藤村
一成 今川
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corp
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corp
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Description

本発明は、被測定ガスの状態を検出するセンシング部と、センシング部の径方向周囲を取り囲む筒型のカバー体と、カバー体の後端側が固定される筒型のハウジングと、を備えたセンサに関する。 The present invention is a sensor including a sensing unit that detects the state of the gas to be measured, a tubular cover body that surrounds the radial circumference of the sensing unit, and a tubular housing to which the rear end side of the cover body is fixed. Regarding.

被測定ガスの状態を検出するセンシング部と、センシング部の径方向周囲を取り囲む筒型のカバー体と、カバー体の後端側が固定される筒型のハウジングと、を備えたセンサが知られている。
上記センサの一例としては、排気ガスなどの被測定ガスの濃度を検出するための酸素センサ,NOxセンサ,HCセンサといったガスセンサや、被測定ガスの温度を検出するための温度センサ、被測定ガスの圧力を検出するための圧力センサ、被測定ガスの湿度を検出するための湿度センサ、被測定ガス中の粒子量を検出するための微粒子センサなどが挙げられる。
A sensor having a sensing unit that detects the state of the gas to be measured, a tubular cover body that surrounds the radial circumference of the sensing unit, and a tubular housing to which the rear end side of the cover body is fixed is known. There is.
Examples of the above sensors include gas sensors such as oxygen sensors, NOx sensors, and HC sensors for detecting the concentration of the measured gas such as exhaust gas, temperature sensors for detecting the temperature of the measured gas, and measured gas. Examples thereof include a pressure sensor for detecting pressure, a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the gas to be measured, and a fine particle sensor for detecting the amount of particles in the gas to be measured.

また、ガスセンサとしては、カバー体がインコネル601(登録商標)、SUS310S等で構成されたものがある(特許文献1)。このガスセンサでは、ハウジングの先端に対してカバー体が溶接により取り付けられている。 Further, as a gas sensor, there is a gas sensor whose cover body is composed of Inconel 601 (registered trademark), SUS310S, or the like (Patent Document 1). In this gas sensor, a cover body is attached to the tip of the housing by welding.

国際公開第2013/024579号(段落0014)International Publication No. 2013/024579 (paragraph 0014)

しかし、SUS310Sで構成されたカバー体においては、冷熱サイクルで溶接部が酸化減量してカバー体が脱落するおそれがある。なお、インコネル601(登録商標)であれば冷熱サイクルで溶接部が酸化減量してカバー体が脱落することを抑制できるものの、近年のエンジン環境下では高温に長時間晒されることが想定され、その際には脆化が進行し、カバー体にクラックが生じるおそれがあることが判明した。
特に、カバー体は自身の後端部を筒型のハウジングに固定するため、筒型に形状歪みが付与されていることに起因し、カバー体に応力が掛かるので、よりクラックが生じやすい。さらに、センサの小型化、軽量化に伴ってカバー体が薄肉化すると、尚更クラックが生じやすくなる傾向にある。
However, in the cover body made of SUS310S, there is a possibility that the welded portion is oxidatively reduced in weight in the thermal cycle and the cover body may fall off. Inconel 601 (registered trademark) can prevent the welded part from being oxidized and reduced in the cold cycle and the cover body from falling off, but it is assumed that it will be exposed to high temperatures for a long time under the recent engine environment. At that time, it was found that embrittlement progressed and the cover body may be cracked.
In particular, since the rear end portion of the cover body is fixed to the tubular housing, the cover body is stressed due to the shape distortion being applied to the tubular shape, so that cracks are more likely to occur. Further, when the cover body becomes thinner as the sensor becomes smaller and lighter, cracks tend to occur more easily.

本発明は、かかる現状に鑑みてなされたものであって、高温環境下での脆性及び耐酸化性に優れ、カバー体の脱落やクラックが生じることを抑制できるセンサを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the present situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sensor which is excellent in brittleness and oxidation resistance in a high temperature environment and can suppress the occurrence of falling off or cracking of a cover body. ..

本発明のセンサは、後端側から先端側にかけて軸線方向に延び、内燃機関の排気管に取り付けられるセンサであって、前記排気管内に流通する被測定ガスの状態を検出するセンシング部と、前記排気管内に自身の少なくとも一部が露出すると共に、前記センシング部の径方向周囲を取り囲む筒型のカバー体と、前記カバー体の後端側が固定される筒型のハウジングと、を備えたセンサにおいて、前記カバー体は、Cr:18質量%以上22質量%以下、Ni:7質量%以上12質量%以下、Si:1.0質量%以上3.0質量%以下、C:0.08質量%以下、Mn:2.0質量%以下、P:0.04質量%以下、S:0.01質量%以下、Nb:0.05質量%以上0.3質量%以下およびN:0.1質量%以上0.25質量%以下、REM:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼で構成されること、を特徴とする。 The sensor of the present invention is a sensor that extends in the axial direction from the rear end side to the front end side and is attached to the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, and has a sensing unit that detects the state of the mass to be measured flowing in the exhaust pipe, and the above. In a sensor provided with a tubular cover body that surrounds the radial circumference of the sensing portion and a tubular housing to which the rear end side of the cover body is fixed, while at least a part of itself is exposed in the exhaust pipe. The cover body is Cr: 18% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less, Ni: 7% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less, Si: 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, C: 0.08% by mass. Hereinafter, Mn: 2.0% by mass or less, P: 0.04% by mass or less, S: 0.01% by mass or less, Nb: 0.05% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less and N: 0.1% by mass. % Or more and 0.25% by mass or less, REM: 0.001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less, and the balance is composed of austenite-based stainless steel composed of Fe and unavoidable impurities. ..

このセンサによれば、カバー体を構成する上記オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は、後述する比較測定結果(図2)に示すように、SUS310Sに比べて、高温環境下(例えば、1050[℃])においても、脆化が生じ難い特性がある。又、高温環境下においても、上記オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は、耐酸化性に優れ、カバー体にクラックが生じることを抑制できる。
さらに、本発明のセンサに備えられるカバー体は、SUS310Sで構成される従来のカバー体に比べて、同程度の強度を有することから、従来のカバー体に代わるカバー体として利用可能である。
According to this sensor, the austenitic stainless steel constituting the cover body can be used in a high temperature environment (for example, 1050 [° C.]) as compared with SUS310S, as shown in the comparative measurement result (FIG. 2) described later. , Has the property of being less prone to embrittlement. Further, even in a high temperature environment, the austenitic stainless steel has excellent oxidation resistance and can suppress the occurrence of cracks in the cover body.
Further, since the cover body provided in the sensor of the present invention has the same strength as the conventional cover body composed of SUS310S, it can be used as a cover body in place of the conventional cover body.

本発明のセンサにおいて、前記カバー体は、側壁に複数のガス流通口を備えていてもよい。
ガス流通口を備えるカバー体は、流通口を形成する際に加工応力がさらに加わることで、よりクラックが生じやすくなる傾向にあるため、本発明がさらに有効となる。
In the sensor of the present invention, the cover body may be provided with a plurality of gas flow ports on the side wall.
The present invention is further effective because the cover body provided with the gas flow port tends to be more likely to be cracked by further applying processing stress when forming the flow port.

本発明のセンサにおいて、前記カバー体は、側壁の後端部が溶接部を介して前記ハウジングの先端部に固定されていてもよい。
溶接部を介して固定されるカバー体は、溶接部で酸化減量が進みやすいため、本発明がさらに有効となる。
In the sensor of the present invention, the rear end portion of the side wall of the cover body may be fixed to the tip end portion of the housing via a welded portion.
Since the cover body fixed via the welded portion tends to undergo oxidative weight loss at the welded portion, the present invention is further effective.

この発明によれば、高温環境下での脆性及び耐酸化性に優れ、カバー体の脱落やクラックが生じることを抑制できるセンサが得られる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a sensor which is excellent in brittleness and oxidation resistance in a high temperature environment and can prevent the cover body from falling off or cracking.

第1実施形態の全領域空燃比センサの全体構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the whole structure of the all area air-fuel ratio sensor of 1st Embodiment. 第1実施形態と比較例との比較測定の測定結果である。It is a measurement result of the comparative measurement between the first embodiment and the comparative example. 第2実施形態の酸素センサの全体構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the whole structure of the oxygen sensor of 2nd Embodiment. 実施例の材料の組織の断面SEM像を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional SEM image of the structure of the material of an Example. 比較例の材料の組織の断面SEM像を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional SEM image of the structure of the material of the comparative example.

以下、本発明が適用された実施形態について、図面を用いて説明する。
尚、本発明は、以下の実施形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的範囲に属する限り種々の形態を採り得ることはいうまでもない。
Hereinafter, embodiments to which the present invention has been applied will be described with reference to the drawings.
It is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various forms can be adopted as long as they belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

[1.第1実施形態]
[1-1.全体構成]
図1は、本発明を適用した実施形態の全領域空燃比センサ2(以下、空燃比センサ2ともいう)の全体構成を示す断面図である。
[1. First Embodiment]
[1-1. overall structure]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an overall configuration of an all-region air-fuel ratio sensor 2 (hereinafter, also referred to as an air-fuel ratio sensor 2) according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

空燃比センサ2は、ガスセンサの一種であって、例えば、自動車や各種内燃機関における空燃比フィードバック制御に使用するために、内燃機関の排気管に装着される。また、空燃比センサ2は、測定対象となる排ガス中の酸素(被測定ガス)を検出するガス検出素子を備えて構成される。 The air-fuel ratio sensor 2 is a type of gas sensor, and is attached to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine for use in, for example, air-fuel ratio feedback control in an automobile or various internal combustion engines. Further, the air-fuel ratio sensor 2 is configured to include a gas detection element that detects oxygen (measured gas) in the exhaust gas to be measured.

空燃比センサ2は、ハウジング38と、ガス検出素子4と、カバー体42と、セラミックスリーブ6と、絶縁コンタクト部材66と、5個の接続端子10と、を備えている。
ハウジング38は、内燃機関の排気管に固定するためのネジ部39が外表面に形成された筒型部材であり、SUS430で構成されている。ガス検出素子4は、軸線方向(空燃比センサ2の長手方向:図中上下方向)に延びる板状形状である。カバー体42は、ガス検出素子4の先端部周囲を覆うようにハウジング38の先端側外周に固定された有底筒状の部材である。セラミックスリーブ6は、ガス検出素子4の径方向周囲を取り囲むように配置される筒状の部材である。絶縁コンタクト部材66は、軸線方向に貫通するコンタクト挿通孔68の内壁面がガス検出素子4の後端部の周囲を取り囲む状態で配置される。5個の接続端子10は、ガス検出素子4と絶縁コンタクト部材66との間に配置される金属部材である。
The air-fuel ratio sensor 2 includes a housing 38, a gas detection element 4, a cover body 42, a ceramic sleeve 6, an insulating contact member 66, and five connection terminals 10.
The housing 38 is a tubular member having a threaded portion 39 formed on the outer surface for fixing to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, and is made of SUS430. The gas detection element 4 has a plate-like shape extending in the axial direction (longitudinal direction of the air-fuel ratio sensor 2: vertical direction in the figure). The cover body 42 is a bottomed cylindrical member fixed to the outer periphery of the tip side of the housing 38 so as to cover the periphery of the tip portion of the gas detection element 4. The ceramic sleeve 6 is a tubular member arranged so as to surround the radial circumference of the gas detection element 4. The insulating contact member 66 is arranged so that the inner wall surface of the contact insertion hole 68 penetrating in the axial direction surrounds the periphery of the rear end portion of the gas detection element 4. The five connection terminals 10 are metal members arranged between the gas detection element 4 and the insulating contact member 66.

ガス検出素子4は、軸線方向に延びる板状形状をなし、測定対象となるガスに向けられる先端側(図中下方)に保護層に覆われたセンシング部8が形成され、後端側(図中上方)の外表面のうち表裏の位置関係となる第1板面21および第2板面23に電極端子部30,31,32,34,36が形成されている。ガス検出素子4は、被測定ガスがセンシング部8に接触すると、被測定ガスの濃度等の状態に応じたセンサ出力信号を電極端子部から外部に出力する。 The gas detection element 4 has a plate-like shape extending in the axial direction, and a sensing portion 8 covered with a protective layer is formed on the front end side (lower part in the figure) directed to the gas to be measured, and the rear end side (figure). Electrode terminal portions 30, 31, 32, 34, 36 are formed on the first plate surface 21 and the second plate surface 23, which are in a positional relationship between the front and back surfaces of the outer surface (middle and upper). When the gas to be measured comes into contact with the sensing unit 8, the gas detection element 4 outputs a sensor output signal according to a state such as the concentration of the gas to be measured from the electrode terminal unit to the outside.

接続端子10は、ガス検出素子4と絶縁コンタクト部材66との間に配置されることで、ガス検出素子4の電極端子部30,31,32,34,36にそれぞれ電気的に接続される。また、接続端子10は、外部からセンサの内部に配設されるリード線46にも電気的に接続されており、リード線46が接続される外部機器と電極端子部30,31,32,34,36との間に流れる電流の電流経路を形成する。 By arranging the connection terminal 10 between the gas detection element 4 and the insulating contact member 66, the connection terminal 10 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal portions 30, 31, 32, 34, 36 of the gas detection element 4, respectively. Further, the connection terminal 10 is also electrically connected to the lead wire 46 disposed inside the sensor from the outside, and the external device to which the lead wire 46 is connected and the electrode terminal portions 30, 31, 32, 34. , 36 to form a current path for the current flowing between them.

ハウジング38は、軸線方向に貫通する貫通孔54を有し、貫通孔54の径方向内側に突出する棚部52を有する略筒状形状に構成されている。ハウジング38は、センシング部8を貫通孔54の先端側外部に配置し、電極端子部30,31,32,34,36を貫通孔54の後端側外部に配置する状態で、貫通孔54に挿通されたガス検出素子4を保持する。棚部52は、軸線方向に垂直な平面に対して傾きを有する内向きのテーパ面として形成されている。 The housing 38 has a through hole 54 penetrating in the axial direction, and is configured in a substantially cylindrical shape having a shelf portion 52 protruding inward in the radial direction of the through hole 54. The housing 38 is provided in the through hole 54 in a state where the sensing portion 8 is arranged outside the tip end side of the through hole 54 and the electrode terminal portions 30, 31, 32, 34, 36 are arranged outside the rear end side of the through hole 54. Holds the inserted gas detection element 4. The shelf portion 52 is formed as an inwardly tapered surface having an inclination with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axial direction.

ハウジング38の貫通孔54の内部には、ガス検出素子4の径方向周囲を取り囲む状態で、環状形状のセラミックホルダ51、粉末充填層53,56(以下、滑石リング53,56ともいう)、および上述のセラミックスリーブ6が、この順に先端側から後端側にかけて積層されている。 Inside the through hole 54 of the housing 38, an annular ceramic holder 51, a powder packed bed 53, 56 (hereinafter, also referred to as a talc ring 53, 56), and a state of surrounding the radial circumference of the gas detection element 4 are provided. The above-mentioned ceramic sleeves 6 are laminated in this order from the front end side to the rear end side.

セラミックスリーブ6とハウジング38の後端部40との間には、加締パッキン57が配置されている。ハウジング38の後端部40は、加締パッキン57を介してセラミックスリーブ6を先端側に押し付けるように、加締められている。 A crimp packing 57 is arranged between the ceramic sleeve 6 and the rear end portion 40 of the housing 38. The rear end portion 40 of the housing 38 is crimped so as to press the ceramic sleeve 6 toward the tip end side via the crimping packing 57.

セラミックホルダ51とハウジング38の棚部52との間には、気密性を維持するための金属ホルダ58が配置されている。金属ホルダ58は、滑石リング53やセラミックホルダ51を保持する機能も有している。 A metal holder 58 for maintaining airtightness is arranged between the ceramic holder 51 and the shelf portion 52 of the housing 38. The metal holder 58 also has a function of holding the talc ring 53 and the ceramic holder 51.

つまり、ハウジング38は、センシング部8を先端から突き出させた状態でガス検出素子4の径方向周囲を取り囲む構成である。
ガス検出素子4は、軸線方向に延びる板状形状に形成された素子部と、同じく軸線方向に延びる板状形状に形成されたヒータとが積層されて、長方形状の軸断面を有する板状形状に形成されている。なお、空燃比センサ2として用いられるガス検出素子4は従来公知のものであるため、その内部構造等の詳細な説明は省略する。
That is, the housing 38 has a configuration that surrounds the radial circumference of the gas detection element 4 with the sensing portion 8 protruding from the tip.
The gas detection element 4 has a plate-like shape having a rectangular shaft cross section in which an element portion formed in a plate shape extending in the axial direction and a heater formed in the same plate shape extending in the axial direction are laminated. Is formed in. Since the gas detection element 4 used as the air-fuel ratio sensor 2 is conventionally known, detailed description of its internal structure and the like will be omitted.

ガス検出素子4は、図1に示すように、先端側(図1における下方)のセンシング部8がハウジング38の先端より突出すると共に、後端側の電極端子部30,31,32,34,36がハウジング38の後端より突出した状態で、ハウジング38の内部に固定される。 As shown in FIG. 1, in the gas detection element 4, the sensing portion 8 on the tip side (lower side in FIG. 1) protrudes from the tip of the housing 38, and the electrode terminal portions 30, 31, 32, 34 on the rear end side, 36 is fixed to the inside of the housing 38 in a state of protruding from the rear end of the housing 38.

そして、ハウジング38の後端側外周には、外筒44が固定されている。外筒44の後端側(図1における上方)の開口部には、ガス検出素子4の各電極端子部30,31,32,34,36とそれぞれ電気的に接続される5本のリード線46(図1では3本が図示)が挿通されるリード線挿通孔61が形成されたグロメット50が配置されている。 An outer cylinder 44 is fixed to the outer periphery of the rear end side of the housing 38. In the opening on the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 1) of the outer cylinder 44, five lead wires electrically connected to the electrode terminal portions 30, 31, 32, 34, 36 of the gas detection element 4, respectively. A grommet 50 having a lead wire insertion hole 61 through which 46 (three are shown in FIG. 1) is inserted is arranged.

また、ハウジング38の後端部40より突出されたガス検出素子4の後端側(図1における上方)には、絶縁コンタクト部材66が配置される。なお、この絶縁コンタクト部材66は、ガス検出素子4の後端側の表面に形成される電極端子部30,31,32,34,36の周囲に配置されている。 Further, an insulating contact member 66 is arranged on the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 1) of the gas detection element 4 protruding from the rear end portion 40 of the housing 38. The insulating contact member 66 is arranged around the electrode terminal portions 30, 31, 32, 34, 36 formed on the surface of the gas detection element 4 on the rear end side.

[1-2.カバー体の構成]
カバー体42は、複数のガス流通口を有する有底筒状に形成されており、ガス検出素子4の突出部分を覆う状態で、ハウジング38の先端側(図1における下方)外周に取り付けられている。カバー体42は溶接部43を介してハウジング38に固定されている。
[1-2. Cover body composition]
The cover body 42 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape having a plurality of gas flow ports, and is attached to the outer periphery of the tip end side (lower side in FIG. 1) of the housing 38 in a state of covering the protruding portion of the gas detection element 4. There is. The cover body 42 is fixed to the housing 38 via the welded portion 43.

カバー体42は、有底筒状の外側筒状部材81と、外側筒状部材81の内側に配置された有底筒状の内側筒状部材91と、を備えた二重構造に形成されている。
外側筒状部材81は、筒状の外側側壁82と、外側側壁82の先端側に設けられる外側底壁83と、を有して構成される。外側筒状部材81は、外側側壁82に複数(本実施形態では、8個)の外壁ガス流通口84を備えている。
The cover body 42 is formed in a double structure including a bottomed tubular outer tubular member 81 and a bottomed tubular inner tubular member 91 arranged inside the outer tubular member 81. There is.
The outer cylindrical member 81 includes a cylindrical outer side wall 82 and an outer bottom wall 83 provided on the tip end side of the outer side wall 82. The outer cylindrical member 81 is provided with a plurality of (8 in this embodiment) outer wall gas flow ports 84 on the outer side wall 82.

内側筒状部材91は、外側側壁82の内部に配置される筒状の内側側壁92と、内側側壁92の先端側に設けられる内側底壁93と、を有して構成される。内側筒状部材91は、内側側壁92に複数(本実施形態では、8個)の内壁ガス流通口94を備えている。 The inner tubular member 91 includes a tubular inner side wall 92 arranged inside the outer side wall 82, and an inner bottom wall 93 provided on the tip end side of the inner side wall 92. The inner tubular member 91 is provided with a plurality of (8 in this embodiment) inner wall gas flow ports 94 on the inner side wall 92.

内側側壁92は、軸線方向の後端側から先端側にかけて、固定部95,固定用段差部96,最大内径部97,寸法変更段差部98,最小内径部99を備えて構成されている。
寸法変更段差部98は、軸線方向に垂直な板面形状に形成されており、軸線方向に垂直な断面における内側側壁92の内径寸法を変更するために備えられている。最大内径部97は、軸線方向に垂直な断面における内径寸法が寸法変更段差部98の最大内径寸法と等しい寸法となるように形成されている。最小内径部99は、軸線方向に垂直な断面における内径寸法が寸法変更段差部98の最小内径寸法と等しい寸法となるように形成されている。
The inner side wall 92 is configured to include a fixing portion 95, a fixing step portion 96, a maximum inner diameter portion 97, a dimension changing step portion 98, and a minimum inner diameter portion 99 from the rear end side to the tip end side in the axial direction.
The dimension change step portion 98 is formed in a plate surface shape perpendicular to the axial direction, and is provided for changing the inner diameter dimension of the inner side wall 92 in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction. The maximum inner diameter portion 97 is formed so that the inner diameter dimension in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is equal to the maximum inner diameter dimension of the dimension change step portion 98. The minimum inner diameter portion 99 is formed so that the inner diameter dimension in the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is equal to the minimum inner diameter dimension of the dimension change step portion 98.

内壁ガス流通口94は、内側側壁92のうち最小内径部99において、周方向にわたり複数箇所に形成されている。
内側筒状部材91は、内側底壁93において、被測定ガスを内側筒状部材91の内部から外部に排出するための内側底壁流通口100を備えている。
The inner wall gas flow port 94 is formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction at the minimum inner diameter portion 99 of the inner side wall 92.
The inner cylindrical member 91 includes an inner bottom wall distribution port 100 for discharging the gas to be measured from the inside of the inner tubular member 91 to the outside in the inner bottom wall 93.

他方、外壁ガス流通口84は、外側側壁82のうち内側側壁92の最大内径部97に対応する位置において、周方向にわたり複数箇所に形成されている。つまり、外壁ガス流通口84は、軸線方向における形成位置が内壁ガス流通口94とは異なっている。 On the other hand, the outer wall gas flow ports 84 are formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction at positions corresponding to the maximum inner diameter portion 97 of the inner side wall 92 of the outer side wall 82. That is, the outer wall gas flow port 84 is formed at a different position in the axial direction from the inner wall gas flow port 94.

また、外側筒状部材81は、外側底壁83において、被測定ガスを外側筒状部材81の内部から外部に排出するための外側底壁流通口85を備えて構成されている。
カバー体42の外側筒状部材81および内側筒状部材91は、それぞれ、18質量%以上22質量%以下のCr(クロム)、7質量%以上12質量%以下のNi(ニッケル)、1.0質量%以上3.0質量%以下のSi(ケイ素)、0.08質量%以下のC(炭素)、2.0質量%以下のMn(マンガン)、0.04質量%以下のP(リン)、0.01質量%以下のS(硫黄)、0.05質量%以上0.3質量%以下のNb(ニオブ)および0.1質量%以上0.25質量%以下のN(窒素)、0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下のREM(希土類金属)を含有し、残部がFe(鉄)および不可避的不純物からなるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなる材料で構成されている。
Further, the outer cylindrical member 81 is configured to include an outer bottom wall distribution port 85 for discharging the measured gas from the inside of the outer tubular member 81 to the outside on the outer bottom wall 83.
The outer tubular member 81 and the inner tubular member 91 of the cover body 42 are Cr (chromium) of 18% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less, Ni (nickel) of 7% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less, 1.0. Si (silicon) of mass% or more and 3.0 mass% or less, C (carbon) of 0.08 mass% or less, Mn (manganese) of 2.0 mass% or less, P (phosphorus) of 0.04 mass% or less , S (sulfur) of 0.01% by mass or less, Nb (niob) of 0.05% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less, and N (nitrogen) of 0.1% by mass or more and 0.25% by mass or less, 0 It contains REM (rare earth metal) of .001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less, and is composed of a material made of austenite-based stainless steel whose balance is Fe (iron) and unavoidable impurities.

Cは、カバー体の高温環境下での脆性を向上させるが、Cの含有量が0.08質量%を超えるとCr化合物が生成されやすくなるため、粒界腐食が生じ易くなる。
Siは、Feの代わりに酸化物となって耐酸化性(酸化減量)を向上させる。Siの含有量が1.0質量%未満であると、耐酸化性の向上効果が不十分となり、3.0質量%を超えると、高温で脆化し易くなる。
Mnは本発明の材料の高温環境下での脆性を向上させるが、Mnの含有量が2.0質量%を超えると耐酸化性を劣化させる。
Niは耐熱性を確保する元素であり、Niの含有量が7.0質量%未満であると耐熱性が不十分となり、12.0質量%を超えると原料コスト増につながる。
Crは耐熱性を確保する元素であり、Crの含有量が18.0質量%未満であると耐熱性が不十分となり、22.0質量%を超えると高温で脆化し易くなる。
Nbはカバー体の高温環境下での高温強度を向上させ、Nbの含有量が0.05質量%未満であると高温強度が確保できなくなり、0.30質量%を超えると靱性の低下を招く。
Nは固溶強化により高温強度を向上させるため、0.1質量%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、Nを0.25質量%を超えて過剰に含有させるとCr窒化物の形成により脆化し易くなる。
Pは、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の熱間加工性を損なう元素であるため、可能な限り含有量を低減することが好ましいため0.04質量%以下とする。
Sは、Pと同様にオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の熱間加工性を損なう元素であるため、可能な限り含有量を低減することが好ましいため0.01質量%以下とする。
REMは、耐高温酸化性の向上に有効であり、繰り返し酸化による酸化スケールの剥離性が向上し、酸化速度を低下させる。このような作用を奏するには、REMを合計で0.001質量%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、REMを合計で0.1質量%を超えて過剰に含有させると、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼が硬質化する可能性があり、また、原料コストが上昇してしまう。そこで、REMを含有させる場合には、REMの含有量の合計が0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下となるようにする。
以上のような組成とすることで、クラックを防止する。
C improves the brittleness of the cover body in a high temperature environment, but when the content of C exceeds 0.08% by mass, a Cr compound is likely to be produced, so that intergranular corrosion is likely to occur.
Si becomes an oxide instead of Fe to improve oxidation resistance (oxidation loss). If the Si content is less than 1.0% by mass, the effect of improving the oxidation resistance is insufficient, and if it exceeds 3.0% by mass, brittleness is likely to occur at a high temperature.
Mn improves the brittleness of the material of the present invention in a high temperature environment, but deteriorates the oxidation resistance when the Mn content exceeds 2.0% by mass.
Ni is an element that ensures heat resistance, and if the Ni content is less than 7.0% by mass, the heat resistance becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds 12.0% by mass, the raw material cost increases.
Cr is an element that ensures heat resistance, and if the Cr content is less than 18.0% by mass, the heat resistance becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds 22.0% by mass, it tends to become brittle at high temperatures.
Nb improves the high-temperature strength of the cover body in a high-temperature environment. If the Nb content is less than 0.05% by mass, the high-temperature strength cannot be secured, and if it exceeds 0.30% by mass, the toughness is lowered. ..
N needs to be contained in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more in order to improve the high temperature strength by strengthening the solid solution. However, if N is contained in excess of 0.25% by mass, brittleness is likely to occur due to the formation of Cr nitride.
Since P is an element that impairs the hot workability of austenitic stainless steel, it is preferable to reduce the content as much as possible, so the content is 0.04% by mass or less.
Since S is an element that impairs the hot workability of austenitic stainless steel like P, it is preferable to reduce the content as much as possible, so the content is preferably 0.01% by mass or less.
REM is effective in improving the high temperature oxidation resistance, improves the exfoliation property of the oxidation scale due to repeated oxidation, and lowers the oxidation rate. In order to exert such an action, it is necessary to contain REM in a total amount of 0.001% by mass or more. However, if the total content of REM exceeds 0.1% by mass, the austenitic stainless steel may be hardened and the raw material cost may increase. Therefore, when REM is contained, the total content of REM should be 0.001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less.
The composition as described above prevents cracks.

なお、カバー体42を構成する材料における各成分の合計値は100質量%である。残部としては、Feの他に、不可避的不純物を含有する場合がある。不可避的不純物は、できる限り少ないことが望ましい。 The total value of each component in the material constituting the cover body 42 is 100% by mass. The balance may contain unavoidable impurities in addition to Fe. It is desirable that the number of unavoidable impurities is as small as possible.

上述の組成により、カバー体は、高温環境下での脆性及び耐酸化性に優れ、カバー体の脱落やクラックが生じることを抑制できる。 With the above composition, the cover body is excellent in brittleness and oxidation resistance in a high temperature environment, and can prevent the cover body from falling off or cracking.

[1-3.カバー体の材料に関する比較測定]
本実施形態のカバー体42(外側筒状部材81および内側筒状部材91)を構成する材料について、SUS310Sとの比較測定結果を説明する。
[1-3. Comparative measurement of cover material]
The comparison measurement result of the material constituting the cover body 42 (outer tubular member 81 and inner tubular member 91) of the present embodiment with SUS310S will be described.

比較測定は、高温脆化について実施した。また、SUS310Sの成分は、20Ni-25Crである。
高温脆化の比較測定は、大気雰囲気下1050℃で500時間保持後、組織の断面像を取得し、試験前より結晶粒が粗大化したか否かを目視により判定した。
Comparative measurements were performed for high temperature embrittlement. The component of SUS310S is 20Ni-25Cr.
In the comparative measurement of high temperature embrittlement, after holding at 1050 ° C. for 500 hours in an air atmosphere, a cross-sectional image of the structure was obtained, and it was visually determined whether or not the crystal grains were coarsened from before the test.

比較測定の測定結果を図2、図4、図5に示す。図2では、本実施形態の材料を実施例と記載し、SUS310Sを比較例と記載する。図4、図5は、それぞれ実施例及び比較例の材料の組織の断面SEM像を示す。
図2の測定結果に示すとおり、高温(1050℃)での高温脆化に関しては、本実施形態のカバー体42を構成する材料は、試験前より結晶粒がほとんど大きくならなかったのに対して、SUS310Sは結晶粒が粗大化し、高温脆化が生じていると考えられる。このことから、本実施形態のカバー体42を構成する材料は、SUS310Sに比べて、高温(1050℃)での高温脆化が生じがたいことが判る。
The measurement results of the comparative measurement are shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 5. In FIG. 2, the material of this embodiment is described as an example, and SUS310S is described as a comparative example. 4 and 5 show cross-sectional SEM images of the structures of the materials of Examples and Comparative Examples, respectively.
As shown in the measurement results of FIG. 2, regarding the high temperature embrittlement at a high temperature (1050 ° C.), the material constituting the cover body 42 of the present embodiment had almost no crystal grains larger than those before the test. , SUS310S is considered to have coarsened crystal grains and high temperature embrittlement. From this, it can be seen that the material constituting the cover body 42 of the present embodiment is less likely to cause high temperature embrittlement at a high temperature (1050 ° C.) than SUS310S.

[1-4.効果]
以上説明したように、本実施形態の全領域空燃比センサ2においては、カバー体42は、18質量%以上22質量%以下のCr(クロム)、7質量%以上12質量%以下のNi(ニッケル)、1.0質量%以上3.0質量%以下のSi(ケイ素)、0.08質量%以下のC(炭素)、2.0質量%以下のMn(マンガン)、0.04質量%以下のP(リン)、0.01質量%以下のS(硫黄)、0.05質量%以上0.3質量%以下のNb(ニオブ)および0.1質量%以上0.25質量%以下のN(窒素)、0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下のREM(希土類金属)を含有し、残部がFe(鉄)および不可避的不純物からなるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなる材料で構成されている。
[1-4. effect]
As described above, in the all-region air-fuel ratio sensor 2 of the present embodiment, the cover body 42 has Cr (chromium) of 18% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less and Ni (nickel) of 7% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less. ), Si (silicon) of 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, C (carbon) of 0.08% by mass or less, Mn (manganese) of 2.0% by mass or less, 0.04% by mass or less P (phosphorus), S (sulfur) of 0.01% by mass or less, Nb (niob) of 0.05% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less, and N of 0.1% by mass or more and 0.25% by mass or less. It contains (nitrogen), 0.001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less of REM (rare earth metal), and the balance is composed of austenite-based stainless steel consisting of Fe (iron) and unavoidable impurities. ..

このカバー体42は、上述の比較測定結果によれば、SUS310Sで構成される従来のカバー体に比べて、高温環境下での脆化が生じ難いため、脆化に起因してクラックが生じる可能性が低くなる。また、耐酸化性に優れるため、ハウジング38から脱落する可能性が低くなる。
よって、本実施形態の全領域空燃比センサ2によれば、カバー体42が高温環境下での脆性及び耐酸化性に優れ、カバー体42の脱落やクラックが生じることを抑制できる。
According to the above-mentioned comparative measurement results, the cover body 42 is less likely to be embrittled in a high temperature environment than the conventional cover body composed of SUS310S, so that cracks may occur due to the embrittlement. The sex becomes low. Further, since it has excellent oxidation resistance, it is less likely that it will fall off from the housing 38.
Therefore, according to the all-region air-fuel ratio sensor 2 of the present embodiment, the cover body 42 is excellent in brittleness and oxidation resistance in a high temperature environment, and it is possible to prevent the cover body 42 from falling off or cracking.

[2.他の実施形態]
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、様々な態様にて実施することが可能である。
[2. Other embodiments]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be carried out in various embodiments without departing from the gist of the present invention.

例えば、上記実施形態では、カバー体として、外側筒状部材と内側筒状部材とを備えた二重構造のカバー体について説明したが、カバー体はこのような形態に限定されることはない。具体的には、外側筒状部材のみを備える一重構造のカバー体であっても良い。あるいは、外側筒状部材と中間筒状部材と内側筒状部材とを備える三重構造のカバー体であっても良い。 For example, in the above embodiment, the cover body having a double structure including the outer tubular member and the inner tubular member has been described as the cover body, but the cover body is not limited to such a form. Specifically, it may be a cover body having a single structure including only an outer tubular member. Alternatively, it may be a cover body having a triple structure including an outer cylindrical member, an intermediate tubular member, and an inner tubular member.

例えば、上記実施形態では、センサの一例として、排気ガス中の酸素濃度を検出する空燃比センサについて説明したが、これに限られず、NOxセンサ、HCセンサといった酸素以外のガス種の濃度を検出するガスセンサや、被測定ガスの温度を検出する温度センサ、被測定ガスの圧力を検出する圧力センサ、被測定ガスの湿度を検出する湿度センサ、被測定ガス中の粒子量を検出する微粒子センサなど、内燃機関の排気管に取り付けられて被測定ガスの状態(濃度、温度、湿度、圧力、粒子量など)を検出するセンサに適用できる。 For example, in the above embodiment, the air-fuel ratio sensor that detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas has been described as an example of the sensor, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the concentration of gas types other than oxygen such as NOx sensor and HC sensor is detected. Gas sensors, temperature sensors that detect the temperature of the gas to be measured, pressure sensors that detect the pressure of the gas to be measured, humidity sensors that detect the humidity of the gas to be measured, fine particle sensors that detect the amount of particles in the gas to be measured, etc. It can be applied to a sensor attached to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine to detect the state of the gas to be measured (concentration, temperature, humidity, pressure, particle amount, etc.).

また、上記実施形態では、ハウジングとして、SUS430で構成された筒型部材を例示したが、これに限られず、筒型であればよく、金属管やアルミナ等の絶縁性の碍管であっても良い。 Further, in the above embodiment, the tubular member made of SUS430 is exemplified as the housing, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any tubular member may be used, and an insulating porcelain tube such as a metal tube or alumina may be used. ..

また、ガス検出素子は、上述のような板状形状に限られることはなく、有底筒状形状のガス検出素子であってもよい。
ここで、第2実施形態として、有底筒状形状の筒型検出素子104を備えるガスセンサ101(酸素センサ101)について簡単に説明する。なお、酸素センサ101は、例えば、内燃機関の排ガス中の酸素の濃度を検出する用途に用いられる。
Further, the gas detection element is not limited to the plate shape as described above, and may be a gas detection element having a bottomed cylindrical shape.
Here, as a second embodiment, a gas sensor 101 (oxygen sensor 101) including a cylindrical detection element 104 having a bottomed cylindrical shape will be briefly described. The oxygen sensor 101 is used, for example, for detecting the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.

ガスセンサ101(酸素センサ101)の全体構成を表す断面図を、図3に示す。
酸素センサ101は、図に示すように、有底筒状の筒型検出素子104と、ハウジング138と、カバー体142と、を備えている。
A cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the gas sensor 101 (oxygen sensor 101) is shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the oxygen sensor 101 includes a bottomed cylindrical detection element 104, a housing 138, and a cover body 142.

筒型検出素子104は、ジルコニアを主成分とする固体電解質体により構成されており、軸線方向に延びて先端(図の下側)が閉じた有底筒状に形成されている。筒型検出素子104は、被測定ガスに接触するセンシング部108を先端に有している。筒型検出素子104は、自身の内部に配置される棒状のセラミックヒータ103によって加熱されることで、酸素を検出可能な活性化状態となる。 The tubular detection element 104 is composed of a solid electrolyte body containing zirconia as a main component, and is formed in a bottomed tubular shape extending in the axial direction and having a closed tip (lower side in the figure). The tubular detection element 104 has a sensing unit 108 at its tip that comes into contact with the gas to be measured. The tubular detection element 104 is heated by a rod-shaped ceramic heater 103 arranged inside the tubular detection element 104, and is in an activated state in which oxygen can be detected.

ハウジング138は、センシング部108を先端から突き出させた状態で筒型検出素子104の径方向周囲を取り囲むとともに、酸素センサ101の内部構造物を収容する。また、ハウジング138は、酸素センサ101を内燃機関の排気管等の取付部に固定するために備えられている。 The housing 138 surrounds the radial circumference of the tubular detection element 104 with the sensing portion 108 protruding from the tip, and houses the internal structure of the oxygen sensor 101. Further, the housing 138 is provided for fixing the oxygen sensor 101 to a mounting portion such as an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.

カバー体142は、筒型検出素子104のセンシング部108を覆うように、ハウジング138に固定されている。カバー体142は、有底筒状の外側筒状部材181と、外側筒状部材181の内側に配置された有底筒状の内側筒状部材191と、を備えた二重構造に形成されている。カバー体142とハウジング138との溶接部143は、レーザ溶接等により形成される。 The cover body 142 is fixed to the housing 138 so as to cover the sensing portion 108 of the tubular detection element 104. The cover body 142 is formed in a double structure including a bottomed tubular outer tubular member 181 and a bottomed tubular inner tubular member 191 arranged inside the outer tubular member 181. There is. The welded portion 143 between the cover body 142 and the housing 138 is formed by laser welding or the like.

カバー体142の外側筒状部材181および内側筒状部材191は、それぞれ、第1実施形態のカバー体42と同様の材料で構成されている。
このため、酸素センサ101は、第1実施形態の全領域空燃比センサ2と同様に、高温環境下での脆性及び耐酸化性に優れ、カバー体の脱落やクラックが生じることを抑制できる。
The outer tubular member 181 and the inner tubular member 191 of the cover body 142 are each made of the same material as the cover body 42 of the first embodiment.
Therefore, the oxygen sensor 101 is excellent in brittleness and oxidation resistance in a high temperature environment, and can prevent the cover body from falling off or cracking, like the all-region air-fuel ratio sensor 2 of the first embodiment.

2…全領域空燃比センサ(空燃比センサ)、4…ガス検出素子、8,108…センシング部、38,138…ハウジング、42,142…カバー体、43,143…溶接部、81,181…外側筒状部材、91,191…内側筒状部材、101…ガスセンサ(酸素センサ)、104…筒型検出素子 2 ... All area air-fuel ratio sensor (air-fuel ratio sensor), 4 ... Gas detection element, 8,108 ... Sensing part, 38,138 ... Housing, 42,142 ... Cover body, 43,143 ... Welded part, 81,181 ... Outer tubular member, 91,191 ... Inner tubular member, 101 ... Gas sensor (oxygen sensor), 104 ... Cylindrical detection element

Claims (3)

後端側から先端側にかけて軸線方向に延び、内燃機関の排気管に取り付けられるセンサであって、
前記排気管内に流通する被測定ガスの状態を検出するセンシング部と、
前記排気管内に自身の少なくとも一部が露出すると共に、前記センシング部の径方向周囲を取り囲む筒型のカバー体と、
前記カバー体の後端側が固定される筒型のハウジングと、
を備えたセンサにおいて、
前記カバー体は、
Cr:18質量%以上22質量%以下、Ni:7質量%以上12質量%以下、Si:1.0質量%以上3.0質量%以下、C:0.08質量%以下、Mn:2.0質量%以下、P:0.04質量%以下、S:0.01質量%以下、Nb:0.05質量%以上0.3質量%以下およびN:0.1質量%以上0.25質量%以下、REM:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼で構成されること、を特徴とするセンサ。
A sensor that extends in the axial direction from the rear end side to the front end side and is attached to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.
A sensing unit that detects the state of the gas to be measured flowing in the exhaust pipe, and
At least a part of itself is exposed in the exhaust pipe, and a tubular cover body that surrounds the radial circumference of the sensing portion and
A tubular housing to which the rear end side of the cover body is fixed, and
In a sensor equipped with
The cover body
Cr: 18% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less, Ni: 7% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less, Si: 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, C: 0.08% by mass or less, Mn: 2. 0% by mass or less, P: 0.04% by mass or less, S: 0.01% by mass or less, Nb: 0.05% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less and N: 0.1% by mass or more and 0.25% by mass % Or less, REM: 0.001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less, and the balance is composed of austenite-based stainless steel composed of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
前記カバー体は、側壁に複数のガス流通口を備えること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載のセンサ。 The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the cover body is provided with a plurality of gas flow ports on a side wall. 前記カバー体は、側壁の後端部が溶接部を介して前記ハウジングの先端部に固定されること、を特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のセンサ。 The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover body has a rear end portion of a side wall fixed to a front end portion of the housing via a welded portion.
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