JP7045332B2 - Fuel composition - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to liquid fuel compositions having improved cleanliness and sediment reduction properties, particularly internal diesel injector deposit (IDID) reduction properties, specifically combined in diesel fuel compositions. Concerning the use of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and one or more cleaning agents to provide the improvement.

Government regulation and market demand continue to emphasize fossil fuel conservation in the transportation industry. Accumulation of deposits resulting from fuel combustion in the engine further reduces the efficiency of combustion and results in inefficient use of fuel over the life of the engine.

A common problem with diesel engines is fouling of the injectors, especially the injector body and injector nozzles. Staining of the injector nozzle occurs when the nozzle is blocked with deposits from diesel fuel. Sediments are also known to form at the tip of the injector.

In addition to these "external" injector deposits at the nozzle holes and injector tips, which lead to reduced flow and power loss, deposits can form within the injector body and cause further problems. These deposits may be referred to as internal diesel injector deposits or IDIDs. The IDID includes the needle sheet and the deposits upstream in the injector and the deposits in the injector nozzle hole are excluded. IDID is generated inside the injector of important moving parts. IDIDs can interfere with the movement of these components and affect the timing and amount of fuel injection, as well as other undesired effects. Since modern diesel engines operate under very precise conditions, these deposits can have a significant impact on performance.

IDID can cause many problems including power loss due to optimal fuel weighing and lack of combustion, engine failure, unstable idling, and reduced fuel economy. Initially, the user may experience cold start problems and / or unstable engine operation. Ultimately, these deposits can lead to more severe injector sticking. This occurs when the deposits immobilize the parts of the injector and therefore the injector fails. If one or more of the injectors stick, the engine can fail completely.

Detergent additives are typically added to diesel fuel to reduce, remove, or slow down the buildup of engine deposits. Therefore, cleaning additives are commonly used in fuel compositions to try to reduce deposits, but reduce deposit formation, especially "internal" diesel injector deposits or IDID formation. There is still a need for better additives for.

Any gradual improvement in fuel economy (FE) is of great importance in the automotive sector. Therefore, there is a continuous need to improve the fuel economic performance of the fuel composition used to fuel the internal combustion engine.

Organic nitrates are sometimes known as ignition promoters in fuels, and some are also known to increase the cetane number of diesel fuels. Perhaps the most commonly used diesel fuel ignition improver is 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN), which is generally understood to work by reducing the ignition delay of the fuel added. ing.

Often, the use of 2-EHN in combination with other diesel fuel components has been proposed in the art to achieve certain advantages in improving the cetane number properties of the resulting fuel formulation.

RU2010 / 124844A is one such proposal relating to diesel fuel containing additives that increase cetane number. The additive consists of premixed cyclohexyl nitrate or 2-EHN and a peroxide selected from di-tert-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and cumylhydroperoxide. The effect of these additives is that the cetane number of diesel fuel is high and the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas is low.

Therefore, it is known from the prior art that the improvement of the cetane number effect can be achieved by using 2-EHN alone or in combination with a specific other component.

It has not been previously known in the industry that 2-EHN has any effect on engine cleanliness or deposit formation, especially internal diesel injector deposit (IDID) formation.

Surprisingly this time, the use of 2-EHN in combination with a cleaning agent has the synergistic effect of improving engine cleanliness and reducing engine injector deposits, especially "internal" diesel injector deposits, or IDIDs. It has been found that it can be achieved. Such an increase in cleanliness beyond the cleanliness that can be achieved with the use of detergent alone is quite surprising and unexpected.

The combination of 2-EHN and cleaning agents reduces injector deposits, especially "internal" diesel injector deposits, or IDIDs, increases engine cleanliness, and improves fuel economic characteristics of fuel compositions. Indirectly connected. It also makes it possible to reduce the amount of expensive cleaning additives used.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention is intended to avoid or reduce "internal" diesel injector deposits or IDIDs in a compression ignition engine and / or to improve fuel economy. , 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate and the use of one or more cleaning agents in diesel fuel compositions are provided.

In another aspect of the invention, the cleanliness and / or cleanliness of an internal combustion engine by fueling the internal combustion engine with a diesel fuel composition comprising a combination of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and one or more cleaning agents. A method for improving fuel economic performance is provided.

The term "fuel economy" as used herein refers to the optimization efficiency of engine fuel consumption, i.e., the same while consuming less fuel (and thus releasing less carbon dioxide). Power output can be obtained from the engine.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, the use of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and one or more cleaning agents in a diesel fuel composition is provided, in particular for improving cleanliness and, as a result, improving fuel economy. .. In the context of this aspect of the invention, the term "improvement" includes any degree of improvement. A cleanliness assessment (assessed by reduction of sediment) found an improvement of 250-300%. If the improvement is measured, for example, by increasing the rating score according to the test method of CEC F-110-16 (No. 1), then according to the present invention, both 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and the cleaning agent in a similar fuel formulation. It can be about 10% or more, preferably 20% or more, more preferably 50% or more, especially 100% or more, of the cleanliness of a similar fuel formulation before addition.

According to the present invention, cleanliness and reduction of deposits can be determined by any method known in the art. However, in connection with the present invention, it is preferable to evaluate by the CEC F110-16 (No. 1) test method.

According to the present invention, the fuel economy of the fuel composition is also EEC Directive 90 / C81 using any known method, eg, the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) for chassis dynamometer or bench engine vehicles. It can be determined using standard test procedures according to / 01. This provides the so-called "measured" fuel consumption obtained under engine operating conditions. In some embodiments, this method / application comprises 2-EHN and one or more in the fuel composition in order to adjust the fuel economic performance or to achieve or reach the desired target fuel economic value. Includes the addition of cleaning agents. In the context of the present invention, "reaching" a target fuel economic value may also include exceeding that value. Therefore, the target fuel economics number can be the target minimum fuel economics value.

Detergent additives can be added to diesel fuel at levels intended to reduce, remove, or slow down the buildup of engine deposits. According to the findings of the present invention, this normal effect is synergistically increased or enhanced by the use of 2-EHN. The (active substance) concentration of one or more cleaning agents in the diesel fuel composition is conventionally in the range of 5 to 1500 ppmw, preferably 10 to 750 ppmw, more preferably 10 to 600 ppmw. In one embodiment of the invention, the (active substance) concentration of one or more cleaning agents in the diesel fuel composition is in the range of 10-500 ppmw. The advantage of the present invention is that the amount of expensive detergent additives can be reduced due to the synergistic advantage of using 2-EHN with the detergent.

2-EHN is preferably present in the fuel composition at levels ranging from 10 to 1500 ppmw, more preferably 50 to 1000 ppmw, even more preferably 100 to 800 ppmw, particularly 200 to 700 ppmw. The level of 2-EHN provided herein refers to 2-EHN added to the base fuel above any 2-EHN that may already be present in the base fuel. 2-EHN may already be present in the base fuel, for example, so that the base fuel complies with standard diesel fuel specifications such as EN590 or ASTM D975. Up to 1500 ppmw or more of the total weight of the base fuel may already be present in the base fuel.

The composition contains one or more cleaning agents. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition contains only one cleaning agent.

Examples of suitable cleaning agents for use for the purposes of the present invention are polyolefin-substituted succinimides or succinamides of polyamines, such as polyisobutylene succinimide or polyisobutyleneamine succinamides, aliphatic amines, Mannich bases, or amines. And polyolefins (eg, polyisobutylene) and maleic anhydride. Succinimide dispersant additives are described, for example, in GB-A-960493, EP-A-0147240, EP-A-0482253, EP-A-0613938, EP-A-0557516, and WO-A-98 / 42808. ing. Polyolefin-substituted succinimides such as polyisobutylene succinimide, and in particular PIBSI-TEPA (polyisobutylene succinimide produced using a polyamine technical mixture containing a high proportion of tetraethylenepentamine) are particularly preferred.

Other cleaning agents suitable for use in diesel fuel additives for this purpose are those disclosed in US2012 / 0102826, US2012 / 0010112, WO2011 / 149799, WO2011 / 110860, and WO2006 / 135881. Quaternary ammonium salts such as are included.

The diesel fuel additive mixture may contain other components in addition to the cleaning agent and 2-EHN. Examples are lubricity improvers; anti-fog agents, eg, alkoxylated phenol-formaldehyde polymers; antifoaming agents (eg, polyether-modified polysiloxane); additional ignition improvers (cetan improvers), eg, cyclonitrates. Xyl, di-tert-butyl peroxide, and those disclosed in columns 2, 27 to 3, 21 of US-A-4208190; anticorrosive agents (eg, propan of tetrapropenyl succinic acid-. A 1,2-diol semi-ester, or a polyhydric alcohol ester of a succinic acid derivative, which has an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 20 to 500 carbon atoms in at least one of its alpha carbon atoms. Acid derivatives such as pentaerythritol diesters of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic acids; corrosion inhibitors; fragrances; anti-wear additives; antioxidants (eg phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine such as phenylenediamine); metal inactivating agent; combustion improver; electrostatic diffusion additive; low temperature fluidity improver; and wax sedimentation inhibitor.

Unless otherwise stated, the (active substance) concentration of each such additional additive component in each additive-added diesel fuel composition is preferably up to 10,000 ppmw, more preferably 0.1-1000 ppmw. Advantageously, it is in the range of 0.1 to 300 ppmw, for example, 0.1 to 150 ppmw.

Hereinafter, other additives will be described in more detail.

The diesel fuel additive mixture may contain a lubricity improver, especially if the diesel fuel composition has a low sulfur content (eg, 500 ppmw or less). In the diesel fuel composition to which the additive is added, the lubricity improver is conveniently present at a concentration of less than 1000 ppmw, preferably 50 to 1000 ppmw, more preferably 70 to 1000 ppmw. Suitable commercially available lubricity improvers include ester-based and acid-based additives. Other lubricity improvers are described in patent literature, eg, in relation to their use, especially in low sulfur-containing diesel fuels.
-Damping Wei and H.M. A. Papers, "The Lubricity of Diesel Fuels", WEAR, III (1986) 217-235;
-WO-A-95 / 33805-Low temperature fluidity improver to improve the lubricity of low sulfur fuels;
-US-A-5490864- Certain dithiophosphate diesters-dialcohols as wear-resistant lubricant additives for low-sulfur diesel fuels; and-WO-A-98 / 01516-especially in low-sulfur diesel fuels. Described in certain alkyl aromatic compounds having at least one carboxyl group attached to an aromatic nucleus to provide a wear-lubricating effect.

In addition to 2-EHN, the fuel compositions herein may contain one or more other cetane number improvers. Cetane number improvers are known and commercially available, and as mentioned above, they can also be used as "cetane (value) improvers", "combustion improvers", "ignition improvers", etc. (diesel fuel). May be known (in the context of).

Cetane improvers are often added to diesel fuel at additive levels (typically 10-2000 ppm w / w).

They serve to reduce the ignition delay, i.e., the time between the fuel injection timing and the start of combustion (ignition).

The cetane number (CN) of the fuel is the ignition characteristic of a standard mixture of n-hexadecane (cetan, CN = 100) and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-hepta-methylnonane (CN = 15). Is defined by reference to. Fuels with high CN have short ignition delays. Typically, in a gasoline spark ignition engine, a molecule with a high octane number that imparts resistance to spontaneous combustion has a low cetane number. Therefore, the addition of small amounts of cetane improver to diesel fuel can result in improved fuel properties based on shorter ignition delays.

Known cetane number improvers include, but are not limited to, certain organic nitrates other than 2-EHN (eg, isopropyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate, and methoxyethyl nitrate), as well as organic peracids and peresters. ..

It may also be preferred for diesel fuel compositions containing antifoaming agents, more preferably in combination with rust inhibitors and / or corrosion inhibitors and / or lubricity-enhancing additives.

The (active substance) concentration of any anti-fog agent in the diesel fuel composition is preferably in the range of 0.1-20 ppmw, more preferably 1-15 ppmw, even more preferably 1-10 ppmw, especially 1-5 ppmw. There will be. Alternatively, higher levels of anti-fog compounds may be used.

The (active substance) concentration of any additional ignition improver present will be preferably 2600 ppmw or less, more preferably 2000 ppmw or less, even more preferably 300-1500 ppmw or less.

Conventional fuel additive mixtures for diesel fuel compositions will typically contain diluents compatible with diesel fuel. Such diluents include mineral oils, solvents such as those sold by Shell under the trademark "SHELLSOL", polar solvents such as esters, and in particular alcohols such as hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol. Decanol, Isotridecanol, and alcohol mixtures, such as those sold by Shell under the trademark "LINEVOL", in particular commercially available mixtures of _C7-9 primary alcohols, or _C12-. It can be LINEVOL79 alcohol, which is a mixture of ₁₄ alcohols. The fuel additive mixture for achieving the use of the present invention may contain one or more cleaning agents, 2-EHN, and diluents as described above. The fuel additive mixture for achieving the use of the present invention may instead contain one or more of the cleaning agents and diluents described above without 2-EHN. In such cases, 2-EHN is already present in the base fuel or is added separately to the base fuel. In another embodiment, 2-EHN can be present in both the fuel additive mixture and the base fuel.

Therefore, at the time of use, the 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents are suitable solvents, such as mineral oils or oils such as Fisher-Tropsch-derived hydrocarbon mixtures, diesel fuel compositions in which additives are used (eg, light oil). Fuel components compatible with (or intermediate distilled fuel components such as kerosene) (which can again be minerals or Fisher Tropsch derivatization); polyalphaolefins; so-called biofuels such as fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs), Fisher Tropsch. Derived biomass and liquid compounds, hydrides or algal oils, or alcohols such as ethanol; aromatic solvents; any other hydrocarbon or organic solvent; or mixtures thereof. Preferred solvents for use in this context are mineral oil diesel fuel components and solvents, including heavy aromatic naphtha, as well as Fischer-Tropsch-inducing components such as the "XtL" component referred to below. In certain cases, biofuel solvents may also be preferred. Typically, 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents are part of an additive (performance) package that further contains other additives such as antifoaming agents, anti-corrosion agents, anti-fog agents. There will be. Alternatively, 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents can be blended directly with the base fuel.

The total content of any additional additives in the diesel fuel composition can be preferably 0 to 10000 ppmw, preferably less than 5000 ppmw.

In the above, the amount of component (concentration,% by volume, ppmw,% by weight) is the active substance, i.e. the volatile solvent / diluent is excluded.

The liquid fuel composition of the present invention can be produced by mixing a fuel additive in combination with a diesel-based fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine.

The rest of the composition will typically consist of, for example, one or more automotive base fuels, optionally combined with one or more other fuel additives as described above.

The engine in which the fuel composition of the present invention is used can be any suitable engine. Therefore, if the fuel is a diesel fuel composition comprising biodiesel, the engine is a diesel or compression ignition engine. Similarly, any type of diesel engine, such as a turbocharged diesel engine, can be used, provided that the same or equivalent engine is used, with or without components that increase fuel economy. The condition is that the sex is measured. In general, the fuel economy improver of the present invention is suitable for use over a wide range of engine operating conditions.

The diesel fuel composition prepared according to the present invention can generally be any type of diesel fuel composition suitable for use in a compression ignition (diesel) engine, which itself is a mixture of diesel fuel components. May include.

Therefore, the diesel fuel composition prepared according to the present invention may contain one or more diesel fuel components of the conventional type in addition to 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents. It may include, for example, a majority of diesel-based fuels of the types described below. In this context, "majority" means at least 50% w / w, typically at least 85% w / w, based on the entire composition. More preferably, it is at least 90% w / w or at least 95% w / w. In some cases, at least 98% w / w or at least 99% w / w of the fuel composition consists of diesel-based fuel. Thus, in some embodiments, the base fuel may itself contain a mixture of two or more diesel fuel components of the types described below.

Typical diesel fuel components include liquid hydrocarbon intermediate distilled fuel oils such as petroleum-derived gas oil. Such base fuel components can be derived organically or synthetically and are suitably obtained by distilling a desired range of fractions from crude oil. They will typically have a boiling point within the normal diesel range of 150-410 ° C or 170-370 ° C, depending on the grade and application. They typically have a density of 0.75 to 0.9 g / cm ³ , for example 0.8 to 0.86 g / cm ³ , and 35 to 80, more preferably 40, at 15 ° C. (IP365). It will have a measured cetane number (ASTM D613) of ~ 75. Their initial boiling points will preferably be in the range of 150-230 ° C and the final boiling points will be in the range of 290-400 ° C. Their kinematic viscosities at 40 ° C. (ASTM D445) can preferably be 1.5-4.5 centimeters Stokes. Such fuels are generally suitable for use in either indirect or direct injection type compression ignition (diesel) internal combustion engines.

Automotive diesel fuel compositions obtained by carrying out the present invention will also preferably fall within these general specifications. Therefore, it will generally comply with applicable current standard specifications (s), such as EN590 (Europe) or ASTM D975 (USA). As an example, the fuel composition has a density of 0.82 to 0.845 g / cm ³ at 15 ° C., a T95 boiling point (ASTM _D86 ) of 360 ° C. or lower, a cetane number of 45 or higher (ASTM D613), 2 at 40 ° C. A kinematic viscosity of ~ 4.5 mm ² / s (ASTM D445), a sulfur content of 50 mg / kg or less (ASTM D2622), and / or a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of less than 11% w / w (IP391). (Mod)). However, relevant specifications may vary from country to country and from year to year and may depend on the intended use of the fuel composition. In particular, the measured cetane number will be preferably 40-70, -75, or -80, more preferably 50-65, or at least more than 50, more than 55, more than 60, or more than 65.

For example, petroleum-derived gas oil obtained by refining a crude oil source and optionally (hydrogenating) it can be incorporated into a diesel fuel composition. It can be a single gas oil stream obtained from such a refining process, or a blend of several gas oil fractions obtained in a refining process via different treatment routes. Examples of such gas oil distillates are from straight gas oils, gas oils, gas oils such as those obtained in pyrolysis treatments, light and heavy circulating oils as obtained in fluid cracking units, and hydrocracking units. It is a light oil that can be obtained. Optionally, the petroleum-induced gas oil may contain several petroleum-induced kerosene fractions. Such gas oil can be processed in a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit to reduce its sulfur content to levels suitable for inclusion in diesel fuel compositions. It also tends to reduce the content of other polar species such as oxygen or nitrogen-containing species. In some cases, the fuel composition will contain one or more degradation products obtained by splitting heavy hydrocarbons.

In some embodiments of the invention, the base fuel may be a vegetable oil, a hydrided vegetable oil or a vegetable oil derivative (eg, a fatty acid ester, especially a fatty acid methyl ester, FAME), or another oxydized product such as an acid, ketone, or ester. Can be another so-called "biodiesel" fuel component of, or can contain them. Such components do not necessarily have to be of biological origin. When the fuel composition contains a biodiesel component, the biodiesel component is up to 100%, eg, 1% to 99% w / w, 2% to 80% w / w, 2% to 50% w / w, It may be present in an amount of 3% -40% w / w, 4% -30% w / w, or 5% -20% w / w. In one embodiment, the biodiesel component can be FAME.

The diesel-based fuel may consist of or may include Fischer-Tropsch-induced diesel fuel components, typically Fischer-Tropsch-induced gas oil. As used herein, the term "Fischer-Tropsch induction" means that the material is, or is derived from, a synthetic product of the Fischer-Tropsch condensation process. Thus, the Fischer-Tropsch-induced fuel or fuel component will be a hydrocarbon stream in which a substantial portion other than the added hydrogen is directly or indirectly derived from the Fischer-Tropsch condensation process.

Fischer-Tropsch fuel can be induced by converting gas, biomass, or coal to liquid (XTL), especially from gas to liquid (GTL), or from biomass to liquid (BTL). .. Any form of the Fischer-Tropsch induced fuel component can be used as the base fuel according to the present invention.

The base fuel preferably has a low sulfur content of, for example, up to 2000 mg / kg (2000 parts per million by weight / ppmw). More preferably, it is up to 500 mg / kg (500 ppmw), such as sulfur, for example, 350 mg / kg (350 ppmw) or less, even more preferably 100, or 50, or 10, or even 5 mg / kg (5 ppmw) or less. ) Will have a low or ultra-low sulfur content. This can be a so-called "zero sulfur" fuel, but in some cases it may be desirable that the base fuel is not a sulfur-free ("zero sulfur") fuel. Ideally, the fuel composition obtained by carrying out the present invention will also have a sulfur content within these limits.

Automotive diesel fuel compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention will suitably comply with applicable current standard specifications (s), such as EN590 (Europe) or ASTM D-975 (USA). As an example, the entire fuel composition has a density of 820-845 kg / m ³ (ASTM D-4052 or EN ISO 3675) at 15 ° C. and a T95 boiling point (ASTM D-86 or EN ISO 3405) of 360 ° C. or less, 40 or more. Measured cetane number (ASTM D-613), Vk ₄₀ (ASTM D-445 or EN ISO 3104) of 2 to 4.5 mm ² / s, sulfur content of 50 mg / kg or less (ASTM D-2622 or EN ISO). 20846) and / or may have a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content (IP 391 (mod)) of less than 8% w / w. However, relevant specifications may vary from country to country and from year to year and may depend on the intended use of the fuel composition.

However, the properties of the entire blend can often differ significantly from their individual components, so diesel fuel compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention may contain fuel components with properties outside these ranges. Will be understood.

According to one aspect of the invention, the use of 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents to reduce deposits or improve cleaning performance of the fuel composition and / or to improve the fuel economic performance of the fuel composition. Provided. In the context of the present invention, the "use" of 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents in a fuel composition is typically 2-EHN and / or one or more as a blend (ie, a physical mixture). Detergent in the present composition with one or more fuel components (typically diesel-based fuels) other than 2-EHN and the detergent (s), and optionally one or more additional fuel additives. It means to incorporate it in a thing.

The 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents are preferably incorporated into the fuel composition before the composition is introduced into an engine operating on the composition. Thus, 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents can be added directly (eg, blended) to one or more components of the fuel composition or base fuel at the refinery. For example, they can be prediluted in suitable fuel components that later form part of the entire automotive fuel composition. Alternatively, they can be added to the diesel fuel composition downstream of the refinery. For example, they may be added as part of an additive package containing one or more other fuel additives. This can be particularly advantageous as changing the fuel composition at the refinery can be inconvenient or undesirable in some situations. For example, blending of base fuel components may not be feasible everywhere, but the introduction of fuel additives at relatively low concentrations can be done at fuel depots, or other road tankers, barges or train filling points. Can be more easily achieved with filling points, dispensers, customer tanks, and vehicles.

Accordingly, the "use" of the present invention is also to use 2-EHN and / or one or more cleaning agents in a diesel fuel composition to achieve one of the advantages of the present invention. May include supplying with the instructions of. Thus, 2-EHN and / or one or more cleaning agents may be supplied as a component of a formulation suitable for use as a fuel additive, in particular a diesel fuel additive, and / or intended for use. As an example, 2-EHN and / or one or more cleaning agents may be incorporated into an additive formulation or package with one or more other fuel additives. As mentioned above, one or more fuel additives contain corrosion resistant additives, antifoaming agents, defoamers, esters, polyalphaolefins, long chain organic acids, amines or amide active centers known to those of skill in the art. It can be selected from any useful additives such as the ingredients to be used and mixtures thereof.

According to another aspect of the invention, the method is for the preparation of an automotive fuel composition involving blending a diesel-based fuel (or base fuel mixture) with 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents. Provided. Blending can be performed for one or more of the purposes described herein.

In some cases, 2-EHN and / or one or more cleaning agents may not be suitable for premixing with other fuel additives and are therefore condensed (100%) or prediluted. It can be added directly from the stock to the fuel composition.

The amount of 2-EHN and one or more cleaning agents for use according to the present invention may vary depending on the type of fuel used and / or the operating conditions of the engine, but what are the further advantages of the present invention? Under such engine conditions, the amount of one or more cleaning agents required, especially for observing the benefits of the present invention, is surprisingly low and the usual cleanliness / deposit reduction effect required to provide the same cleanliness / deposit reduction effect. It may be lower than the concentration of the detergent additive. This can also reduce the cost and complexity of the fuel preparation process.

Also, additives used at relatively low concentrations can, of course, be transported and stored more cost-effectively than fuel components, which need to be used at concentrations of about tens of weight percent, and can be introduced into fuel compositions. Can be done.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method of operating an internal combustion engine and / or a vehicle powered by such an engine, wherein the fuel composition prepared according to the invention of the engine. Includes introduction into the combustion chamber. Fuel compositions are advantageously introduced for one or more of the purposes described in connection with the present invention. Therefore, the engine is preferably a fuel composition for the purpose of improving cleanliness and deposit reduction during use of the engine and / or related benefits such as fuel economy, eg reduction of engine displacement. It is operated using. The engine is particularly a diesel engine and can be a turbocharged diesel engine. The diesel engine can be, for example, a direct injection type such as a rotary pump, an in-line pump, a unit pump, an electronic unit injector, or a common rail type, or an indirect injection type. It can be a heavy load or light load diesel engine. For example, it can be an electronic unit direct injection (EUDI) engine.

When relevant to a particular assessment, emission levels use standard test procedures such as the European R49, ESC, OICA, or ETC (for heavy load engines), or ECE + EUDC or MVEG (for light load engines) test cycles. Can be measured. Ideally, emission performance was designed to comply with the Euro II standard emission regulations (1996) or the Euro III (2000), IV (2005), or V (2008) standards. Measured with a diesel engine.

Throughout the description and claims of the present specification, the singular includes the plural unless the context requires otherwise. In particular, when indefinite articles are used, it is to be understood that the specification contemplates the plural, as well as the singular if the context does not require otherwise.

Accordingly, the features, integers, properties, compounds, chemical moieties, or chemical groups described in conjunction with a particular embodiment, embodiment, or example of the invention are any other embodiments, embodiments described herein. It should be understood that it is applicable to them unless it is incompatible with the embodiments or examples. Therefore, the "use" feature of the present invention is directly applicable to the "method" of the present invention. Also, unless otherwise stated, any feature disclosed herein may be replaced by alternative features that serve the same or similar purpose.

The invention is further exemplified here by the following non-limiting examples.

Example 1
EN590, an additive package containing a sufficient amount of detergent and 2-EHN to achieve a level of 160 ppmw cleaning agent in the final fuel formulation and a level of 2-EHN of 600 ppmw in the final fuel formulation. Blended with standard low sulfur diesel-based fuels that comply with. The additive package also contained some other small amounts of ingredients. Substitute fouling material in the form of low molecular weight PIB succinimide was blended into the diesel-based fuel at a level of 10 ppmw by weight of the final composition. The specifications of the base fuel are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 2
The additive package containing the cleaning agent but not the 2-EHN was blended with the same standard low sulfur diesel-based fuel used in Example 1 above. The types and levels of detergent and small amount of additive components used in Example 2 were the same as those used in Example 1. Substitute fouling material in the form of low molecular weight PIB succinimide was included in the diesel fuel formulation at a level of 10 ppmw by weight of the final composition.

The fuel blend to be tested was subjected to the CEC F-110-16 (No. 1) test method. To avoid doubt, the sodium and dodecenyl succinic acid (DDSA) described in CEC F-110-16 (No. 1) were not blended into either the fuel of Example 1 or Example 2. As mentioned above, a substitute fouling material in the form of low molecular weight PIB succinimide was used instead at a level of 10 ppmw by weight of the final composition.

Table 2 shows the results of a fuel blend containing a combination of cleaning agent and 2-EHN (Example 1), and the same fuel with only the base fuel and only the same level of cleaning agent added (Example 2).

Discussion The results shown in Table 2 demonstrate a significant reduction in sediments due to the use of 2-EHN in combination with the cleaning agent package compared to the reference fuel (without 2-EHN) containing only the same cleaning agent package.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
Aspect 1
Use of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and one or more cleaning agents in diesel fuel compositions aimed at reducing internal injector deposits in compression ignition combustion engines.
Aspect 2
The use according to aspect 1, further comprising improving the fuel economy of a compression ignition combustion engine.
Aspect 3
The use according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate in the diesel fuel composition is in the range of 10 to 1500 ppmw based on the weight of the entire diesel fuel composition.
Aspect 4
The use according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the concentration of the one or more cleaning agents in the diesel fuel composition is in the range of 5 ppmw to 1500 ppmw based on the weight of the entire diesel fuel composition. ..
Aspect 5
The use according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the cleaning agent is polyisobutylene succinimide of poly (ethyleneamine).
Aspect 6
The use according to any one of aspects 1-5, wherein the diesel fuel composition further comprises one or more fuel additives other than the cleaning agent and 2-EHN.
Aspect 7
The use according to any of aspects 1-6, wherein said reduction of internal diesel injector deposits is measured according to the CEC F-110-16 test method.
Aspect 8
A method for reducing internal injector deposits in an internal combustion engine by feeding the internal combustion engine with a diesel fuel composition comprising 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and one or more cleaning agents.

Claims (7)

Use of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and one or more cleaning agents in a diesel fuel composition for the purpose of reducing internal diesel injector deposits in a compression ignition combustion engine, using the diesel fuel composition. After running the engine for 30 hours, the evaluation score achieved based on the CEC F110-16 test method is measured and the control diesel contains one or more cleaning agents but no 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. Use comprising assessing the reduction of internal diesel injector deposits by assessing higher than the rating score achieved after running the engine for 30 hours using the fuel composition . The use according to claim 1, further comprising improving the fuel economy of a compression ignition combustion engine. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cleaning agent is polyisobutylene succinimide of poly (ethyleneamine). The use according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein 2-ethylhexyl nitrate is present in the fuel composition at a level in the range of 600-1000 ppmw. The active substance concentration of one or more cleaning agents in the diesel fuel composition is 10 to 750 ppmw based on the total amount of the diesel fuel composition, and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate is 50 to 50 based on the total amount of the diesel fuel composition. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is present in the fuel composition at a level of 1000 ppmw . A method for reducing internal diesel injector deposits in said internal combustion engine by fueling the internal combustion engine with a diesel fuel composition comprising 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and one or more cleaning agents. The evaluation score achieved based on the CEC F110-16 test method is measured and contains one or more cleaning agents after running the engine for 30 hours using the diesel fuel composition. Evaluate the reduction of internal diesel injector deposits by rating higher than the rating score achieved after running the engine for 30 hours using a control diesel fuel composition that does not contain 2-ethylhexyl nitrate . A method that includes a step . The active substance concentration of one or more cleaning agents in the diesel fuel composition is 10 to 750 ppmw based on the total amount of the diesel fuel composition, and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate is 50 to 50 based on the total amount of the diesel fuel composition. The method of claim 6, which is present in the fuel composition at a level of 1000 ppmw .