JP7028700B2 - Metal-air battery - Google Patents

Metal-air battery Download PDF

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JP7028700B2
JP7028700B2 JP2018078959A JP2018078959A JP7028700B2 JP 7028700 B2 JP7028700 B2 JP 7028700B2 JP 2018078959 A JP2018078959 A JP 2018078959A JP 2018078959 A JP2018078959 A JP 2018078959A JP 7028700 B2 JP7028700 B2 JP 7028700B2
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air battery
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JP2019186163A (en
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昌樹 高橋
貴治 野田
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Fujikura Composites Inc
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Description

本発明は、金属空気電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a metal-air battery.

金属空気電池では、正極である空気極において、大気中の酸素を正極活物質として利用し、当該酸素の酸化還元反応が行われる。一方、負極である金属極において、金属の酸化還元反応が行われる。金属空気電池のエネルギー密度は高く、災害時等における非常用電源等の役割として期待されている。電解液を金属空気電池に給水する事で発電が開始される。 In a metal-air battery, oxygen in the atmosphere is used as a positive electrode active material at an air electrode, which is a positive electrode, and a redox reaction of the oxygen is performed. On the other hand, the redox reaction of the metal is carried out at the metal electrode which is the negative electrode. The energy density of metal-air batteries is high, and it is expected to play a role as an emergency power source in the event of a disaster. Power generation is started by supplying the electrolytic solution to the metal-air battery.

従来においては、様々な金属空気電池の構造が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1及び特許文献2)。 Conventionally, various metal-air battery structures have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

特許文献1によれば、金属極と空気極とを筐体内に組み込んだセルに電解液を注入し、発電させている。 According to Patent Document 1, an electrolytic solution is injected into a cell in which a metal electrode and an air electrode are incorporated in a housing to generate electricity.

特許文献2によれば、金属極と空気極とを筐体内に組み込んだセルとは別に、電解液を入れた容器を用意し、セルを容器内に入れることで、電解液をセル内に流入させ発電させている。 According to Patent Document 2, a container containing an electrolytic solution is prepared separately from the cell in which the metal electrode and the air electrode are incorporated in the housing, and the electrolytic solution flows into the cell by putting the cell in the container. It is made to generate electricity.

特開2016-131063号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-131063 特開2016-71986号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-71986

ところで、従来においては、販売時に、金属空気電池を梱包する等していたが、梱包材を用いると、使用時の開梱に手間が生じる問題があった。また、酸化等による劣化を抑制すべく優れた長期保管性を有することが必要とされる。 By the way, in the past, a metal-air battery was packed at the time of sale, but if a packing material is used, there is a problem that unpacking at the time of use is troublesome. Further, it is required to have excellent long-term storage property in order to suppress deterioration due to oxidation and the like.

本発明はかかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、簡単な構造で、長期保管性に優れる金属空気電池を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of this point, and an object of the present invention is to provide a metal-air battery having a simple structure and excellent long-term storage stability.

本発明の金属空気電池は、空気極と金属極と前記空気極及び前記金属極を支持する筐体とを有する金属空気電池本体と、開口部を備え内側にAlを貼合した紙パックと、を具備し、前記金属空気電池本体は、前記開口部を通して前記紙パック内に収納されていることを特徴とする。
The metal-air battery of the present invention includes a metal-air battery main body having an air electrode, a metal electrode, the air electrode, and a housing supporting the metal electrode, a paper pack having an opening and Al bonded inside. The metal-air battery body is housed in the paper pack through the opening .

本発明の金属空気電池によれば、簡単な構造で、長期保管性に優れる。したがって、使用時には、金属空気電池を簡単に取り出すことができ、また、保管時には、酸化等による劣化を長期間防止することができる。 According to the metal-air battery of the present invention, it has a simple structure and is excellent in long-term storage. Therefore, the metal-air battery can be easily taken out at the time of use, and deterioration due to oxidation or the like can be prevented for a long period of time at the time of storage.

本実施形態の金属空気電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the metal-air battery of this embodiment. 本実施形態の金属空気電池の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the metal-air battery of this embodiment.

以下、本発明の一実施の形態(以下、「実施の形態」と略記する。)について、詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は、以下の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨の範囲内で種々変形して実施することができる。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, abbreviated as “embodiment”) will be described in detail. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be variously modified and implemented within the scope of the gist thereof.

図1に示すように、金属空気電池1は、金属空気電池本体2と、紙パック3と、を具備して構成される。 As shown in FIG. 1, the metal-air battery 1 includes a metal-air battery main body 2 and a paper pack 3.

本実施形態における紙パック3は、紙素材の内側全体にAlを貼合したバリア性素材である。 The paper pack 3 in the present embodiment is a barrier material in which Al is bonded to the entire inside of the paper material.

図1に示すように、紙パック3内に、金属空気電池本体2が収納されている。図1に示すように、金属空気電池本体2が紙パック3内に収納された状態で、紙パック3の開口部3aがシールされている。これにより、金属空気電池本体2の周囲全体を、Alが貼合されたバリア性素材で囲むことができる。このため、金属空気電池本体2を、酸化や水蒸気等から適切に保護することができる。以上により、簡単な構造で、長期保管が可能である。また、紙パックでは、紙材の内面にAlを貼合した構造であるため、素材単価を低減できコスト面でも優れる。また、使用する際には、紙パック3の開口部3aを空けて、中から金属空気電池本体2を取り出せばよいので、従来のように、開梱に手間がかかる等の不具合は生じない。 As shown in FIG. 1, the metal-air battery main body 2 is housed in the paper pack 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the opening 3a of the paper pack 3 is sealed with the metal-air battery main body 2 housed in the paper pack 3. As a result, the entire circumference of the metal-air battery main body 2 can be surrounded by the barrier material to which Al is bonded. Therefore, the metal-air battery main body 2 can be appropriately protected from oxidation, water vapor, and the like. With the above, it has a simple structure and can be stored for a long time. Further, since the paper pack has a structure in which Al is bonded to the inner surface of the paper material, the unit price of the material can be reduced and the cost is excellent. Further, when using the paper pack 3, it is sufficient to open the opening 3a of the paper pack 3 and take out the metal-air battery main body 2 from the inside, so that there is no problem such as time-consuming unpacking as in the conventional case.

紙パック3から金属空気電池本体2を取り出し、紙パック3内に電解液としての食塩水を所定量だけ給水する。そして、金属空気電池本体2を再び紙パック3内に挿入した状態が、図2に示されている。 The metal-air battery main body 2 is taken out from the paper pack 3, and a predetermined amount of saline solution as an electrolytic solution is supplied into the paper pack 3. The state in which the metal-air battery main body 2 is inserted into the paper pack 3 again is shown in FIG.

図2に示すように、金属空気電池本体2は、例えば、複数の金属空気電池セル22を備えて構成される。図3では、金属空気電池セル22の数は、3つであるが、金属空気電池セル22の数を限定するものでなく、1つであっても、2つであってもよいし、4つ以上であってもよい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the metal-air battery main body 2 includes, for example, a plurality of metal-air battery cells 22. In FIG. 3, the number of the metal-air battery cells 22 is three, but the number of the metal-air battery cells 22 is not limited, and may be one, two, or four. It may be one or more.

図2に示すように、各金属空気電池セル22には、空気室10と液室11とが設けられる。空気室10は、例えば、上部を除いて周囲が囲まれている。一方、液室11は、給水口13を除いて周囲が囲まれている。給水口13は、図2に示すように、液室11の下部に設けられている。図2に示すように、空気室10と液室11とは隔離されており、液室11に注入された電解液が、空気室10に漏れ出ることがない。 As shown in FIG. 2, each metal-air battery cell 22 is provided with an air chamber 10 and a liquid chamber 11. The air chamber 10 is surrounded by, for example, except for the upper part. On the other hand, the liquid chamber 11 is surrounded around the liquid chamber 11 except for the water supply port 13. As shown in FIG. 2, the water supply port 13 is provided at the lower part of the liquid chamber 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the air chamber 10 and the liquid chamber 11 are separated from each other, and the electrolytic solution injected into the liquid chamber 11 does not leak into the air chamber 10.

図2に示すように、各金属空気電池セル22は、電極として、空気極6と、金属極7とを、有して構成される。空気極6及び金属極7は、夫々、金属空気電池セル22を構成する筐体に支持されている。図2に示すように、空気極6と金属極7とは、液室11にて対向配置されている。空気極6の一方の面は、液室11に露出し、空気極6の他方の面は、空気室10に露出している。 As shown in FIG. 2, each metal-air battery cell 22 includes an air electrode 6 and a metal electrode 7 as electrodes. The air pole 6 and the metal pole 7 are each supported by a housing constituting the metal-air battery cell 22. As shown in FIG. 2, the air pole 6 and the metal pole 7 are arranged to face each other in the liquid chamber 11. One surface of the air electrode 6 is exposed to the liquid chamber 11, and the other surface of the air electrode 6 is exposed to the air chamber 10.

図2に示すように、金属極7は、空気極6から液室11内に所定距離だけ離れた位置に配置されている。金属極7は、その上部が固定されるが、下部は、自由端(非固定)とされている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the metal pole 7 is arranged at a position separated from the air pole 6 in the liquid chamber 11 by a predetermined distance. The upper part of the metal pole 7 is fixed, but the lower part is a free end (non-fixed).

本実施形態では、金属空気電池本体2を、紙パック3から取り出した後、紙パック3内に電解液5を供給する。そして、金属空気電池本体2を、紙パック3内に、再び挿入する。 In the present embodiment, after the metal-air battery main body 2 is taken out from the paper pack 3, the electrolytic solution 5 is supplied into the paper pack 3. Then, the metal-air battery body 2 is reinserted into the paper pack 3.

図2に示すように、電解液5は、各金属空気電池セル22の給水口13から各液室11内に導かれる。電解液5は、給水口13を介して各液室11内に同時に注入される。このとき、図2に示すように、電解液5は、空気室10に流れ込むことがない。 As shown in FIG. 2, the electrolytic solution 5 is guided into each liquid chamber 11 from the water supply port 13 of each metal-air battery cell 22. The electrolytic solution 5 is simultaneously injected into each liquid chamber 11 via the water supply port 13. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the electrolytic solution 5 does not flow into the air chamber 10.

図2に示すように、電解液5が液室11に供給されると、例えば、金属極7がマグネシウムであるとき、金属極7の近傍においては、下記(1)で示す酸化反応が生じる。また、空気極6においては、下記(2)で示す還元反応が生じる。マグネシウム空気電池全体としては、下記(3)に示す反応が起こり、放電が行われる。
(1)2Mg →2Mg2++4e
(2)O+2HO+4e →4OH
(3)2Mg+O+2HO →2Mg(OH)
As shown in FIG. 2, when the electrolytic solution 5 is supplied to the liquid chamber 11, for example, when the metal electrode 7 is magnesium, the oxidation reaction shown in the following (1) occurs in the vicinity of the metal electrode 7. Further, in the air electrode 6, the reduction reaction shown in (2) below occurs. In the magnesium-air battery as a whole, the reaction shown in (3) below occurs and discharge is performed.
(1) 2Mg → 2Mg 2+ + 4e
(2) O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e → 4OH
(3) 2Mg + O 2 + 2H 2 O → 2Mg (OH) 2

また、図示しないが、金属極7の周辺には、電池反応にて発生した水素等の生成ガスを液室11から外部へ排出する穴が、設けられていることが好ましい。 Further, although not shown, it is preferable that a hole is provided around the metal electrode 7 to discharge the generated gas such as hydrogen generated by the battery reaction from the liquid chamber 11 to the outside.

また、図2に示すように、金属極7は、各金属空気電池セル22の底部に設けられた給水口13と対向して配置されることが好ましい。金属極7と空気極6の酸化還元反応の際に生じる生成物を、給水口13を介してケース3側に放出しやすい。これにより、生成物が、各金属空気電池セル22内に溜まることによる電極の破損や電気特性の劣化を抑制することが可能である。 Further, as shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable that the metal pole 7 is arranged so as to face the water supply port 13 provided at the bottom of each metal-air battery cell 22. The product generated during the redox reaction between the metal electrode 7 and the air electrode 6 is easily released to the case 3 side through the water supply port 13. As a result, it is possible to suppress damage to the electrodes and deterioration of electrical characteristics due to the accumulation of the product in each metal-air battery cell 22.

また、各金属空気電池セル22の底部以外に給水口13を設ける場合でも、例えば、給水口13を、金属空気電池セル22の側部の下側に配置し、金属極7を、給水口13と対向配置させてもよい。「側部の下側」とは、側部の高さ寸法の下半分、好ましくは、高さ寸法の1/2以下の下側部分、より好ましくは、高さ寸法の1/3以下の下側部分である。これによっても、生成物の放出効果を得ることができる。 Further, even when the water supply port 13 is provided other than the bottom of each metal-air battery cell 22, for example, the water supply port 13 is arranged below the side portion of the metal-air battery cell 22, and the metal electrode 7 is provided with the water supply port 13. It may be arranged to face each other. "Lower side" means the lower half of the side height dimension, preferably less than 1/2 of the height dimension, more preferably less than 1/3 of the height dimension. It is a side part. This also allows the release effect of the product to be obtained.

また、本実施形態では、金属極7の下部を自由端としている。これにより、金属極7を適切に給水口13に対向して配置することができる。また、金属極7の下部を自由端とすることで、金属極7の下部を揺動させることができる。このため、空気極6と金属極7との間に生成物が堆積したときに、金属極7を撓らせることができ、生成物による押圧力を緩和でき、金属極7及び空気極6の破損を抑制することが出来る。 Further, in the present embodiment, the lower portion of the metal pole 7 is a free end. As a result, the metal pole 7 can be appropriately arranged so as to face the water supply port 13. Further, by setting the lower part of the metal pole 7 as a free end, the lower part of the metal pole 7 can be swung. Therefore, when the product is deposited between the air pole 6 and the metal pole 7, the metal pole 7 can be flexed, the pressing force by the product can be relaxed, and the metal pole 7 and the metal pole 6 can be bent. Damage can be suppressed.

図2に示すように、電解液5が入った紙パック3内に金属空気電池本体2を挿入することで、例えば上記した反応が起こり、発電が開始される。発電を停止したい場合は、金属空気電池本体2を紙パック3から取り出せばよい。 As shown in FIG. 2, by inserting the metal-air battery main body 2 into the paper pack 3 containing the electrolytic solution 5, for example, the above reaction occurs and power generation is started. If you want to stop the power generation, you can take out the metal-air battery body 2 from the paper pack 3.

このように、本実施形態の金属空気電池1の使用方法によれば、金属空気電池本体2を取り外した紙パック3内に電解液5を供給し、その紙パック3内に金属空気電池本体2を挿入することで、簡単に且つ素早く発電させることができる。したがって、非常用電池としての利便性を従来よりも向上させることができる。 As described above, according to the method of using the metal-air battery 1 of the present embodiment, the electrolytic solution 5 is supplied into the paper pack 3 from which the metal-air battery main body 2 is removed, and the metal-air battery main body 2 is contained in the paper pack 3. By inserting, it is possible to generate electricity easily and quickly. Therefore, the convenience as an emergency battery can be improved as compared with the conventional case.

また、廃棄する際には、図2の状態から、紙パック3から金属空気電池本体2を取り出すと共に、紙パック3内の電解液5を除去したうえで、金属空気電池本体2を紙パック3に入れて処分する。或いは、紙パック3と金属空気電池本体2とを分別して処分する。上記のように紙パック3内の電解液5を除去しているから、その紙パック3内に、金属空気電池本体2を入れても発電せず、水素発生や電解液の漏れ出し等なく廃棄処分が可能である。 When disposing of the metal-air battery body 2 from the state shown in FIG. 2, the metal-air battery body 2 is taken out from the paper pack 3, the electrolytic solution 5 in the paper pack 3 is removed, and then the metal-air battery body 2 is removed from the paper pack 3. Put it in and dispose of it. Alternatively, the paper pack 3 and the metal-air battery body 2 are separated and disposed of. Since the electrolytic solution 5 in the paper pack 3 is removed as described above, even if the metal-air battery main body 2 is put in the paper pack 3, power is not generated, and it is discarded without hydrogen generation or leakage of the electrolytic solution. It can be disposed of.

本実施の形態における金属空気電池1は、マグネシウム空気電池であっても他の金属空気電池であっても適用可能である。 The metal-air battery 1 in the present embodiment can be applied to either a magnesium-air battery or another metal-air battery.

また、各金属空気電池セル22の各電極を直列接続しても並列接続してもよく、配線方法を特に限定するものではない。 Further, the electrodes of the metal-air battery cells 22 may be connected in series or in parallel, and the wiring method is not particularly limited.

本発明の金属空気電池によれば、紙パックから金属空気電池本体を簡単に取り出すことができ、誰でも簡単に且つ素早く発電させることができる。したがって、本発明の金属空気電池を、災害時等における非常用電源等として有効に適用することが出来る。 According to the metal-air battery of the present invention, the metal-air battery main body can be easily taken out from the paper pack, and anyone can easily and quickly generate electricity. Therefore, the metal-air battery of the present invention can be effectively applied as an emergency power source or the like in the event of a disaster or the like.

1 :金属空気電池
2 :金属空気電池本体
3 :紙パック
5 :電解液
6 :空気極
7 :金属極
10 :空気室
11 :液室
13 :給水口
22 :金属空気電池セル
1: Metal-air battery 2: Metal-air battery body 3: Paper pack 5: Electrolyte solution 6: Air pole 7: Metal pole 10: Air chamber 11: Liquid chamber 13: Water supply port 22: Metal-air battery cell

Claims (1)

空気極と金属極と前記空気極及び前記金属極を支持する筐体とを有する金属空気電池本体と、開口部を備え内側にAlを貼合した紙パックと、を具備し、
前記金属空気電池本体は、前記開口部を通して前記紙パック内に収納されていることを特徴とする金属空気電池。
It comprises a metal-air battery body having an air electrode, a metal electrode, an air electrode, and a housing supporting the metal electrode, and a paper pack having an opening and Al-bonded to the inside.
The metal-air battery body is a metal-air battery characterized in that it is housed in the paper pack through the opening .
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JP2000128155A (en) 1998-10-20 2000-05-09 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Paper container for liquid
JP2002321307A (en) 2001-04-26 2002-11-05 Nihon Tetra Pak Kk Paper packaging material with excellent moisture and oxygen barrier properties
JP2004026285A (en) 2002-06-28 2004-01-29 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Composite paper container
JP2015138637A (en) 2014-01-22 2015-07-30 古河電池株式会社 metal-air battery
JP2017010828A (en) 2015-06-24 2017-01-12 古河電池株式会社 Metal air battery

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000128155A (en) 1998-10-20 2000-05-09 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Paper container for liquid
JP2002321307A (en) 2001-04-26 2002-11-05 Nihon Tetra Pak Kk Paper packaging material with excellent moisture and oxygen barrier properties
JP2004026285A (en) 2002-06-28 2004-01-29 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Composite paper container
JP2015138637A (en) 2014-01-22 2015-07-30 古河電池株式会社 metal-air battery
JP2017010828A (en) 2015-06-24 2017-01-12 古河電池株式会社 Metal air battery

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