JP7006693B2 - Electrodes, batteries, battery packs, vehicles, power storage systems, power tools and electronic devices - Google Patents

Description

The present technology relates to electrodes and batteries, and more particularly to electrodes, batteries, battery packs, vehicles, power storage systems, power tools and electronic devices.

In recent years, demand for batteries, especially lithium-ion secondary batteries, has rapidly increased in the technical fields of personal computers (PCs), electronic devices such as mobile communication terminals, automobiles such as electric vehicles, and new energy systems such as wind power generation. It is expanding.

For example, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery characterized in that at least one of a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate contains a fluoropolymer copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 300,000 or more and 600,000 or less. It has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-313345

However, the technique proposed in Patent Document 1 may not be able to further improve the battery characteristics and reliability.

Therefore, this technology was made in view of such a situation, and an electrode capable of further improving battery characteristics and reliability, and a battery having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability, a battery pack, and the like. Its main purpose is to provide vehicles, power storage systems, power tools and electronic devices.

As a result of diligent research to solve the above-mentioned object, the present inventor develops an electrode capable of further improving battery characteristics and reliability, and a battery having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability. We succeeded in completing this technology.

That is, in the present technology, the electrode active material layer is provided, and the electrode active material layer contains at least an electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and a conductive agent, and the polyvinylidene fluoride and the above are contained. The mass of the hexafluoropropylene is 5% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the hexafluoropropylene, and the mass ratio of the mass of the conductive agent to the mass of the hexafluoropropylene (mass of the conductive agent / hexa). Provided are electrodes having a mass of fluoropropylene) of 0.095 to 50.

In the electrode according to the present technology, the electrode active material layer may have pores, and the volume of the pores may be 10% by volume to 25% by volume with respect to the total volume of the electrode active material layer.
In the electrode according to the present technology, the average pore diameter of the pores may be 0.07 μm to 1.5 μm.
In the electrode according to the present technology, the content of the conductive agent may be 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the electrode active material layer.
In the electrode according to the present technology, the density of the electrode active material layer may be 3.8 g / cm ³ to 4.3 g / cm ³ .
In the electrode according to the present technology, the average particle size (D50) of the electrode active material may be 3 μm to 40 μm.
In the electrode according to the present technology, the average value of the average curving ratio of the electrode active material layer may be 1.1 to 2.5.

The electrode according to the present technology may further include a current collector, and in the electrode according to the present technology, the peel strength between the electrode active material layer and the current collector may be 20 N / m to 80 N / m.

Further, in the present technology, a battery including at least an electrode according to the present technology is provided.

Furthermore, with this technology,
We provide battery packs equipped with batteries related to this technology.
Provided is a battery pack including a battery according to the present technology, a control unit for controlling the usage state of the battery, and a switch unit for switching the usage state of the battery according to an instruction from the control unit.
A vehicle including a battery according to the present technology, a driving force conversion device that receives electric power supplied from the battery and converts it into a driving force of the vehicle, a driving unit that drives according to the driving force, and a vehicle control device. Provide,
A power storage device having a battery according to the present technology, a power consuming device to which power is supplied from the battery, a control device for controlling power supply from the battery to the power consuming device, and a power generation device for charging the battery. Provides a power storage system, equipped with,
Provided is an electric tool provided with a battery according to the present technology and a movable part to which electric power is supplied from the battery.
Provided is an electronic device including a battery according to the present technology and receiving electric power from the battery.

According to this technology, battery characteristics and reliability can be improved. The effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present disclosure, or an effect different from them.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the application example (battery pack) of the battery which concerns on this technology. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the application example (vehicle) of the battery which concerns on this technology. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the application example (storage system) of the battery which concerns on this technology. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the application example (power tool) of the battery which concerns on this technology. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the application example (electronic device) of the battery which concerns on this technology. It is a figure which shows the structure of the application example 1 (printed circuit board) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of application example 2 (universal credit card) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of application example 3 (wristband type activity meter) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of application example 3 (wristband type activity meter) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is a figure which shows the structure of the application example 3 (wristband type electronic device) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the structure of application example 4 (smart watch) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is a figure which shows a part of the internal structure of the application example 4 (band type electronic device) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is a block diagram which shows the circuit structure of the application example 4 (band type electronic device) of the battery which concerns on this technique. It is a figure which shows the specific example of the structure of application example 5 (glasses type terminal) of the battery which concerns on this technique.

Hereinafter, suitable embodiments for carrying out the present technology will be described. The embodiments described below show an example of a typical embodiment of the present technology, and the scope of the present technology is not narrowly interpreted by this. In the drawings, the same or equivalent elements or members are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.

The explanation will be given in the following order.
1. 1. Outline of this technology 2. First Embodiment (Example of Electrode)
3. 3. Second embodiment (example of battery)
4. Applications of batteries 4-1. Overview of battery applications 4-2. Third embodiment (example of battery pack)
4-3. Fourth embodiment (example of vehicle)
4-4. Fifth Embodiment (Example of power storage system)
4-5. Sixth Embodiment (Example of power tool)
4-6. Seventh Embodiment (Example of electronic device)

<1. Overview of this technology>
First, the outline of this technology will be explained.

As a binder for the positive electrode plate and / or the negative electrode plate, a fluoropolymer copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 300,000 or more and 600,000 or less can be used. According to this, it is possible to obtain a high capacity and excellent high temperature charge / discharge cycle characteristics, low temperature discharge characteristics, and the like. As the fluoropolymer copolymer, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene is suitable, and the porosity of the electrode mixture layer is 17% or more and 30% or less. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the electrode mixture layer from falling off and the electrode plate from being cut. If the porosity of the mixture layer of the positive electrode plate is reduced, the electrode mixture layer becomes hard and the electrode mixture is likely to be cut. However, by setting the porosity to 17% or more, the electrode mixture is prevented from being cut. can. If the porosity is made smaller than 17%, the electrode plate may be cut even when a fluoropolymer copolymer is used, and the diffusion efficiency of the electrolytic solution in the mixture layer is lowered to charge and discharge. Since the characteristics are also deteriorated, the porosity is preferably 17% or more from this point as well.

However, when the porosity is 17% or more, not only the energy density of the battery decreases, but also the conductivity decreases due to the decrease in the contact points between the active material and the conductive additive, and the machine due to the decrease in the contacts with the binder. Due to the decrease in the target strength, the structure inside the active material layer is destroyed and the conductivity is decreased due to the expansion and contraction of the active material during charging and discharging, and the discharge load characteristics may be deteriorated.

The present technology is based on the above situation, and according to the present technology, it is possible to provide an electrode capable of improving battery characteristics and reliability. Further, according to the present technology, by using the electrode, it is possible to provide a battery having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability. More specifically, according to this technology, the effects of excellent electrolyte liquid retention and excellent mechanical strength are exhibited, and further, excellent by achieving both electrolyte liquid retention and mechanical strength. The effect of the discharge load characteristics is achieved.

The battery according to the present technology is not particularly limited in the shape of the battery, the type of the exterior body, the type of the electrode reactant, etc., and may be a primary battery or a secondary battery. Coin-type, button-type, disk-type, and flat-plate type lithium-ion secondary batteries. The battery according to the present technology can be suitably applied to a battery pack, a vehicle, a power storage system, a power tool, an electronic device, or the like.

<2. First Embodiment (Example of Electrode)>
The electrode of the first embodiment (example of the electrode) according to the present technology includes an electrode active material layer, and the electrode active material layer is at least an electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and a conductive agent. , And the mass of hexafluoropropylene is 5% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, and the mass ratio of the mass of the conductive agent to the mass of hexafluoropropylene ( An electrode having a (mass of conductive agent / mass of hexafluoropropylene) of 0.095 to 50.

Hexafluoropropylene (HFP) extends the cross-linking length of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) (the cross-linking length refers to the distance between any two adjacent cross-linking points) and improves the liquid retention property of the electrolytic solution. .. Here, the liquid retention property of the electrolytic solution means a characteristic that can sufficiently contain the electrolytic solution. However, since the crosslink length is expanded and increased, the electrode strength (for example, the mechanical strength such as the electrode peel strength; the same applies hereinafter) may decrease. When the electrode (electrode active material layer) swells by retaining the electrolytic solution, and the contact point between the electrode active material and the conductive agent in the electrode (electrode active material layer) is cut off to reduce the conductivity. There is. The mass of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) is 5% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and the conductive agent with respect to the mass of hexafluoropropylene (HFP). By setting the mass ratio of the mass ratio (mass of the conductive agent / mass of hexafluoropropylene) to 0.095 to 50, the liquid retention property of the electrode is improved and the swelling is suppressed, so that the conductivity and the mechanical Since the strength can be maintained, the ionic conductivity is improved and the discharge load characteristics are improved.

In the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology, it is preferable that the electrode active material layer has a plurality of pores and is porous, and a plurality of electrodes are used with respect to the total volume of the electrode active material layer. The total volume of the pores, the so-called porosity, is not particularly limited and may show any value, but is preferably 10% by volume to 25% by volume, and is preferably 10% by volume to 17% by volume. Is more preferable. By setting the porosity to 10% by volume to 25% by volume or 10% by volume to 17% by volume, the liquid retention property of the electrode is further improved and the swelling is further suppressed, and the conductivity and mechanical strength are increased. Can be maintained more effectively, so that the ionic conductivity is further improved and the discharge load characteristics are further improved.

In the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technique, the average pore diameter of the pores may be any average pore diameter, but is preferably 0.07 μm to 1.5 μm. By setting the average pore diameter of the pores to 0.07 μm to 1.5 μm, the liquid retention property (also referred to as liquid absorption property) can be further improved, and the mechanical strength can be maintained more effectively.

In the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology, the content of the conductive agent may be any amount with respect to the total mass of the electrode active material layer, but it may be 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass. preferable. By setting the content of the conductive agent to 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass, the conductive agent is sufficiently dispersed in the electrode active material layer, the conductivity is further improved, and the discharge load characteristics are further improved. Further, by reducing the specific surface area, the binder (composed of a binder, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP)) is suppressed from being adhered to the conductive agent, and the binding between particles is suppressed. The wearability is further improved, and the electrode strength is further improved. As a result, the collapse of the electrode active material layer due to the expansion and contraction of the electrode active material during charging and discharging can be suppressed, and the conductivity can be maintained, so that the discharge load characteristics are further improved.

In the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technique, the density of the electrode active material layer may show an arbitrary value, but is preferably 3.8 g / cm ³ to 4.3 g / cm ³ . By setting the density of the electrode active material layer to 3.8 g / cm ³ to 4.3 g / cm ³ , the binder (binder, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP)) per volume is used. By increasing the amount of), the electrode strength is further improved. Since the electrode active material layer can be suppressed from collapsing due to expansion and contraction of the electrode active material during charging and discharging and the conductivity can be maintained, the discharge load characteristics are further improved. Further, the conductive agent in the electrode active material layer and the particles of the active material are sufficiently in contact with each other, and the conductivity is further improved, so that the discharge load characteristics are further improved.

In the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology, the average particle size (D50) of the electrode active material may be any average particle size (D50), but is preferably 3 μm to 40 μm, preferably 3 μm to 25 μm. It is more preferable to have. By setting the average particle size (D50) of the electrode active material to 3 μm to 40 μm or 3 μm to 25 μm, the filling property in the electrode is high, the conductivity is further improved, and the liquid retention property (liquid absorption property) is achieved. Is further improved, and the ionic conductivity can be further improved, so that the discharge load characteristics are further improved.

In the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology, the average value of the average bending ratio of the electrode active material layer may be any value, but is preferably 1.1 to 2.5. By setting the average value of the average curb ratio to 1.1 to 2.5, the electrolytic solution can move three-dimensionally and more smoothly in the electrode active material layer. In addition, the moving distance of Li ions in the thickness direction to the current collector side of the electrode active material layer becomes shorter. As a result, the conductivity of Li ions is further improved, and the discharge load characteristics are further improved. Here, the curvature ratio means the shape of the path of the pores connected from one side to the other side of the porous electrode electrolyte layer. A small bend ratio means that there are many vertical through holes in the electrode electrolyte layer, and a large bend ratio means that there are few vertical through holes in the electrode electrolyte layer.

The electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology may further include a current collector (a current collector foil may be used; the same shall apply hereinafter), and the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology has an electrode active material layer. The peel strength between the current collector and the current collector may be any strength, but is preferably 20 N / m to 80 N / m. When the peel strength is 20 N / m to 80 N / m, both the electrode strength and the liquid retention property can be achieved, and the discharge load characteristics are further improved.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) can be applied as a binder (binding agent). The binder may be composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and at least one other. It may be composed of a material. Examples of other materials include styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, synthetic rubber such as ethylene propylene diene, and polymer materials such as polyimide.

The conductive agent may contain, for example, a carbon material, a metal, a metal oxide, a conductive polymer, or the like alone or in combination of two or more. The carbon material is, for example, graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black or carbon fiber. The metal oxide is, for example, SnO ₂ . The conductive agent may be any material having conductivity, and is not limited to the above example.

The electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology is, for example, an electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode. When the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology is a positive electrode, a positive electrode active material layer is provided, and the positive electrode active material layer is at least conductive with a positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and the like. The mass of hexafluoropropylene is 5% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, including the agent, and the mass ratio of the mass of the conductive agent to the mass of hexafluoropropylene ( The mass of the conductive agent / the mass of hexafluoropropylene) is 0.095 to 50.

When the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology is a negative electrode, a negative electrode active material layer is provided, and the negative electrode active material layer includes at least a negative electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride, and hexafluoropropylene. , And the mass of hexafluoropropylene is 5% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, and the mass of the conductive agent with respect to the mass of hexafluoropropylene. The ratio (mass of the conductive agent / mass of hexafluoropropylene) is 0.095 to 50.

Hereinafter, the case where the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology is a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery will be described in detail.

The electrode (positive electrode) of the first embodiment according to the present technology has, for example, a structure in which positive electrode active material layers are provided on both sides of a positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer may be provided only on one side of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector is made of a metal foil such as an aluminum foil. The positive electrode active material layer contains, for example, one or more of positive electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium as the positive electrode active material.

As the positive electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, for example, a lithium-containing compound such as a lithium oxide, a lithium phosphorus oxide, a lithium sulfide or an interlayer compound containing lithium is suitable, and two or more of these are suitable. May be mixed and used. In order to increase the energy density, a lithium-containing compound containing lithium, a transition metal element and oxygen (O) is preferable, and among them, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and iron are preferable as transition metal elements. It is more preferable if it contains at least one of the group consisting of (Fe). Examples of such a lithium-containing compound include a lithium composite oxide having a layered rock salt type structure represented by the formula (1), the formula (2) or the formula (3), and a spinel type represented by the formula (4). Examples thereof include a lithium composite oxide having a structure, a lithium composite phosphate having an olivine-type structure represented by the formula (5), and specifically, LiNi _0.50 Co _0.20 Mn _0.30 O ₂ and Li _a CoO ₂ . (A≈1), Li _b NiO ₂ (b≈1), Li _c1 Ni _c2 Co _1-c2 O ₂ (c1≈1, 0 <c2 <1), Lid Mn ₂ O ₄ ( _d≈1 ) or There are Li _e FePO ₄ (e≈1) and the like.

Li _f Mn _(1-gh) Ni _g M1 _h O _(2-j) F _k ... (1)
(In the formula, M1 is cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu). ), Zirconium (Zn), Zirconium (Zr), Molybdenum (Mo), Tin (Sn), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr) and Titanium (W) represents at least one of the group f,. For g, h, j and k, 0.8 ≦ f ≦ 1.2, 0 <g <0.5, 0 ≦ h ≦ 0.5, g + h <1, −0.1 ≦ j ≦ 0.2, The value is in the range of 0 ≦ k ≦ 0.1. The composition of lithium differs depending on the state of charge and discharge, and the value of f represents the value in the state of complete discharge.)

Li _m Ni _(1-n) M2 _n O _(2-p) F _q・ ・ ・ (2)
(In the formula, M2 is cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe). ), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), Tin (Sn), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr) and Tungsten (W). n, p and q are values within the range of 0.8 ≦ m ≦ 1.2, 0.005 ≦ n ≦ 0.5, −0.1 ≦ p ≦ 0.2, 0 ≦ q ≦ 0.1. The composition of lithium differs depending on the state of charge and discharge, and the value of m represents the value in the state of complete discharge.)

Li _r Co _(1-s) M3 _s O _{(2-t) Fu} ... (3)
(In the formula, M3 is nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe). ), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), Tin (Sn), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr) and Tungsten (W). s, t and u are values within the range of 0.8 ≦ r ≦ 1.2, 0 ≦ s <0.5, −0.1 ≦ t ≦ 0.2, 0 ≦ u ≦ 0.1. The composition of lithium differs depending on the state of charge and discharge, and the value of r represents the value in the state of complete discharge.)

Li _v Mn _2-w M4 _w O _x F _y ... (4)
(In the formula, M4 is cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe). ), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), Tin (Sn), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr) and Tungsten (W). w, x and y are values within the range of 0.9 ≦ v ≦ 1.1, 0 ≦ w ≦ 0.6, 3.7 ≦ x ≦ 4.1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.1. The composition of lithium differs depending on the state of charge and discharge, and the value of v represents the value in the state of complete discharge.)

Li _z M5PO ₄ ... (5)
(In the formula, M5 is cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V). ), Niob (Nb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Tungsten (W) and Zirconium (Zr). Z is a value within the range of 0.9 ≦ z ≦ 1.1. The composition of lithium differs depending on the state of charge and discharge, and the value of z represents the value in the state of complete discharge. )

Other positive electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium include lithium-free inorganic compounds such as MnO ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , V ₆ O ₁₃ , NiS, and MoS.

Hereinafter, the case where the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology is a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery will be described in detail.

The electrode (negative electrode) of the first embodiment according to the present technology has, for example, a structure in which negative electrode active material layers are provided on both sides of a negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode active material layer may be provided only on one side of the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode current collector is made of a metal foil such as a copper foil, for example.

The negative electrode active material layer is composed of one or more of the negative electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium as the negative electrode active material.

Examples of the negative electrode material capable of storing and releasing lithium include graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, graphite, thermally decomposed carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, and calcined organic polymer compounds. , Carbon fiber or carbon-based materials such as activated carbon. Among these, coke includes pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke and the like. An organic polymer compound calcined body is a carbonized product obtained by calcining a polymer material such as phenol resin or furan resin at an appropriate temperature, and some of them are graphitizable carbon or graphitizable carbon. Some are classified as. Further, examples of the polymer material include polyacetylene and polypyrrole. These carbon-based materials are preferable because the change in the crystal structure that occurs during charging / discharging is very small, a high charging / discharging capacity can be obtained, and good cycle characteristics can be obtained. In particular, graphite is preferable because it has a large electrochemical equivalent and can obtain a high energy density. Further, graphitizable carbon is preferable because it can obtain excellent properties. Furthermore, those having a low charge / discharge potential, specifically those having a charge / discharge potential close to that of lithium metal, are preferable because high energy density of the battery can be easily realized.

In addition, examples of the negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium include materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium and containing at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as constituent elements. .. This is because a high energy density can be obtained by using such a material. In particular, when used in combination with a carbon-based material, high energy density can be obtained and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained, which is more preferable. The negative electrode material may be a simple substance, an alloy, or a compound of a metal element or a metalloid element, or may have one or more of these phases in at least a part thereof. In the present invention, the alloy includes not only an alloy composed of two or more kinds of metal elements but also an alloy containing one or more kinds of metal elements and one or more kinds of metalloid elements. It may also contain non-metal elements. Some of the structures include solid solutions, eutectics (eutectic mixtures), intermetallic compounds, or two or more of them coexist.

Examples of the metal element or metalloid element constituting this negative electrode material include magnesium (Mg), boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), silicon (Si), and germanium (Ge). ), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), Bismus (Bi), Cadmium (Cd), Silver (Ag), Zinc (Zn), Hafnium (Hf), Zirconium (Zr), Indium (Y), Palladium (Pd) ) Or platinum (Pt). These may be crystalline or amorphous.

Among them, as the negative electrode material, a material containing a metal element or a metalloid element of Group 4B in the short periodic table as a constituent element is preferable, and at least one of silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) is particularly preferable. It is included as a constituent element. This is because silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) have a large ability to occlude and release lithium (Li), and a high energy density can be obtained.

Examples of the tin (Sn) alloy include silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and manganese as the second constituent element other than tin (Sn). Of the group consisting of (Mn), zinc (Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and chromium (Cr). Those containing at least one species are mentioned. Examples of the alloy of silicon (Si) include tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and manganese as the second constituent element other than silicon (Si). At least of the group consisting of (Mn), zinc (Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) and chromium (Cr). Examples include those containing one type.

Examples of the compound of tin (Sn) or the compound of silicon (Si) include those containing oxygen (O) or carbon (C), and in addition to tin (Sn) or silicon (Si), the above-mentioned first compound. It may contain 2 constituent elements.

Further, examples of the negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium include other metal compounds or polymer materials. Examples of other metal compounds include oxides such as MnO ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , V ₆ O ₁₃ , sulfides such as NiS and MoS, and lithium nitrides such as LiN ₃ , and polyacetylene as a polymer material. , Polyaniline or polypyrrole and the like.

Examples of the negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium include LTO-based materials (lithium-titanium composite oxide).

<3. Second embodiment (example of battery)>
The battery of the second embodiment (example of battery) according to the present technology is a battery including at least the electrodes of the first embodiment according to the present technology.

In the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology, the electrode of the first embodiment according to the present technology may be applied to the positive electrode, or the first embodiment according to the present technology may be applied to the negative electrode. Electrodes of the form may be applied. Further, in the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology, the electrodes of the first embodiment according to the present technology may be applied to both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

The battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology is not particularly limited in the type of the electrode reactant and the like, but is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery. Hereinafter, a case where the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology is a lithium ion secondary battery will be described in detail.

The battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology may include a separator in addition to the positive electrode and the negative electrode described above. The separator separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and allows lithium ions to pass through while preventing a short circuit of current due to contact between the two electrodes. The separator is composed of a porous membrane made of a polyolefin-based material such as polypropylene or polyethylene, or a porous membrane made of an inorganic material such as a ceramic non-woven fabric, and two or more of these porous membranes are laminated. It may be a structure.

The separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution, which is a liquid electrolyte. This electrolytic solution is composed of, for example, a solvent and a lithium salt which is an electrolyte salt. The solvent dissolves and dissociates the electrolyte salt. Further, as the solvent, cyclic carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate (BC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and dipropyl carbonate ( Chained carbonates such as DPC), propylmethyl carbonate (PMC), propylethylcarbonate (PEC); tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetratetraethane (2-MeTHF), 1,3 dioxolane (DOL), 4-methyl-1 , 3 Cyclic ethers such as dioxolane (4-MeDOL); chain ethers such as 1,2 dimethoxyethane (DME), 1, 2, diethoxyethane (DEE); γ-butyrolactone (GBL), γ-valerolactone (GVL), etc. Cyclic esters; chain esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate can be mentioned. Alternatively, as organic solvents, tetrahydropyran, 1,3 dioxane, 1,4 dioxane, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetoamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), N- Methyloxazolidinone (NMO), N, N'-dimethylimidazolidinone (DMI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trimethylphosphate (TMP), nitromethane (NM), nitroethane (NE), sulfolane (SL), methylsulfone, acetonitrile (AN), anisole, propionitrile, glutaronitrile (GLN), adiponitrile (ADN), methoxyacetonitrile (MAN), 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN), diethyl ether can be mentioned. Alternatively, an ionic liquid can also be used. Conventionally known ionic liquids can be used and may be selected as necessary.

Examples of the lithium salt include LiPF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , LiSbF ₆ , LiTaF ₆ , LiNbF ₆ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCH ₃ SO ₃ , and LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ . LiC (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ , LiC ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ , Li (FSO ₂ ) ₂ N, Li (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N, Li (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ N, Li (CF ₃ ) SO ₂ ) ₃ C, LiBF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ), LiB (C ₂ O ₄ ) ₂ , LiB (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₄ , LiPF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ) ₃ , 1 / 2Li ₂ B ₁₂ F ₁₂ , Li ₂ SiF ₆ , LiCl, LiBr, LiI can be mentioned.

The battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology is a laminated electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated with a separator in between, or a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated with a separator in between, and then further wound. It may be composed of a wound electrode body and an exterior body accommodating a laminated electrode body or a wound electrode body.

In the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology, if lithium metal is prevented from depositing on the negative electrode during charging, the electrochemical equivalent of the negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium is the same as that of the positive electrode material. It may be larger or smaller than the electrochemical equivalent.

Further, the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology may be designed so that the open circuit voltage (that is, the battery voltage) at the time of full charge is in the range of, for example, 4.2 V or more and 4.6 V or less.

The battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology may be provided with an electrolyte layer, in which case a laminated electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated with a separator and an electrolyte layer in between, or a laminated electrode body or The positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated with the separator and the electrolyte layer in between, and then the wound electrode body is further composed of a wound electrode body and an exterior body accommodating the laminated electrode body or the wound electrode body. It's okay.

The electrolyte layer is one in which the electrolytic solution is held by a polymer compound, and may contain other materials such as various additives, if necessary. This electrolyte layer is, for example, a so-called gel-like electrolyte. A gel-like electrolyte is preferable because it can obtain high ionic conductivity (for example, 1 mS / cm or more at room temperature) and prevent leakage of the electrolytic solution.

Examples of the polymer compound include polyacrylic nitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, and poly. Examples thereof include methyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polystyrene, polycarbonate, or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropyrene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropyrene is preferable. This is because it is electrochemically stable.

The exterior body is not particularly limited as long as it can accommodate the laminated electrode body or the wound electrode body described above, and is, for example, an exterior member including a laminate material constituting a laminated film type lithium ion secondary battery, or a cylindrical type. Alternatively, a battery can or the like constituting a square lithium ion secondary battery can be mentioned.

The laminating material is, for example, a laminated film in which a fused layer, a metal layer, and a surface protective layer are laminated in this order. The fused layer is made of, for example, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. The metal layer is made of, for example, aluminum. The surface protective layer is composed of, for example, nylon or polyethylene terephthalate. The exterior body may be a laminated film having another laminated structure, or may be a polymer film alone or a metal film alone.

The battery can may be made of a material such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), alloys thereof, and stainless steel (SUS). The battery can may be plated with, for example, nickel or the like in order to prevent electrochemical corrosion associated with charging and discharging the lithium ion secondary battery.

Next, an example of a method for manufacturing a battery (lithium ion secondary battery) according to a second embodiment according to the present technology will be described. In addition, the following example of the manufacturing method describes the manufacturing method of the battery when the battery of the 2nd embodiment which concerns on this technique applies the electrode of the 1st embodiment which concerns on this technique to a positive electrode. do.

First, a positive electrode is manufactured. First, a positive electrode active material, a binder (binding agent) composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), a conductive agent and the like are mixed to form a positive electrode mixture, and then, for example, Disperse in an organic solvent or the like to form a paste-like or slurry-like positive electrode mixture slurry. The mass of hexafluoropropylene is set to 5% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene. Further, the mass ratio of the mass of the conductive agent to the mass of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (mass of the conductive agent / mass of hexafluoropropylene) is 0.095 to 50.

Subsequently, the positive electrode mixture slurry is uniformly applied to both sides of the positive electrode current collector and then dried to form a positive electrode active material layer. Finally, the positive electrode active material layer is compression-molded using a roll press machine or the like while heating as necessary. The compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.

Next, the negative electrode is manufactured. First, the negative electrode active material is mixed with a binder and a conductive agent as necessary to form a negative electrode mixture, and then dispersed in an organic solvent or the like to form a paste-like or slurry-like negative electrode mixture slurry. And.

After that, the negative electrode mixture slurry is uniformly applied to both sides of the negative electrode current collector and then dried to form a negative electrode active material layer, and then the negative electrode active material layer is compression-molded. The compression molding may be repeated a plurality of times.

The positive electrode lead is attached to the positive electrode prepared as described above, and the negative electrode lead is attached to the negative electrode prepared as described above. Subsequently, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated on both sides via a separator and the fixing member is adhered to produce a laminated electrode body (battery element).

Next, the remaining outer peripheral edge portion excluding the outer peripheral edge portion on one side is adhered by heat fusion or the like, and the laminated electrode body is housed inside the exterior member including the laminated material. Subsequently, the electrolytic solution is injected into the interior of the exterior member containing the bag-shaped laminated material, and then the opening of the exterior member is sealed by heat fusion or the like to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. A precursor solution containing a solvent, an electrolyte salt, a polymer compound, and a mixed solvent is applied to each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the mixed solvent is volatilized to form an electrolyte layer to form a lithium ion secondary battery. May be obtained.

Further, the battery (lithium ion secondary battery) of the second embodiment according to the present technology can also be manufactured as follows, for example.

As described above, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are manufactured, and then the positive electrode lead is attached to the positive electrode current collector by welding or the like, and the negative electrode lead is attached to the negative electrode current collector by welding or the like. Next, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound via the separator 23. Next, the tip of the positive electrode lead is welded to the safety valve mechanism, and the tip of the negative electrode lead is welded to the battery can, and the wound positive electrode and the negative electrode are sandwiched between a pair of insulating plates and stored inside the battery can.

Next, after storing the positive electrode and the negative electrode inside the battery can, the electrolytic solution is injected into the inside of the battery can to impregnate the separator. Next, the battery lid, the safety valve mechanism, and the heat-sensitive resistance element are fixed to the open end of the battery can by caulking via a sealing gasket. As a result, a lithium ion secondary battery is obtained.

<4. Battery applications ＞
The use of the battery according to this technology will be described in detail below.

<4-1. Overview of battery applications>
The use of the battery according to the present technology is any machine, device, appliance, device and system (aggregate of a plurality of devices, etc.) that can use the battery as a power source for driving or a power storage source for power storage. However, it is not particularly limited. The battery used as a power source may be a main power source (a power source used preferentially) or an auxiliary power source (a power source used in place of or switched from the main power source). When the battery according to the present technology is used as an auxiliary power source, the type of main power source is not limited to the battery and the battery module.

The uses of the battery are as follows, for example. Notebook personal computers, tablet computers, mobile phones (eg smartphones), personal digital assistants (PDAs), image pickup devices (eg digital still cameras, digital video cameras, etc.), audio equipment (eg portable audio players) , Game devices, cordless phone handsets, electronic books, electronic dictionaries, radios, headphones, navigation systems, memory cards, pacemakers, hearing aids, lighting devices, toys, medical devices, robots and other electronic devices (including portable electronic devices) Is. It is a portable living appliance such as an electric shaver. A storage device such as a backup power supply and a memory card. Power tools such as electric drills and saws. It is a battery pack used for notebook computers as a removable power source. Medical electronic devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids. It is a vehicle used for electric vehicles (including hybrid vehicles). It is a power storage system such as a household battery system that stores electric power in case of an emergency. Of course, applications other than the above may be used.

It is particularly effective that the battery according to the present technology is applied to a battery pack, a vehicle, a power storage system, a power tool, and an electronic device. This is because excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability are required, and by using a battery in this technology, it is possible to effectively improve the performance. The battery pack is a power source using a battery according to the present technology, and is a so-called assembled battery or the like. The vehicle is a vehicle that operates (runs) using a battery according to the present technology as a driving power source, and may be a vehicle (hybrid vehicle or the like) that also has a drive source other than the battery according to the present technology as described above. Examples of the energy storage system include a residential energy storage system, which is a system that uses a battery according to the present technology as a power storage source. In the power storage system, since power is stored in the battery according to the present technology, which is a power storage source, the power consumption device, for example, an electric product for home use can be used by using the power. A power tool is a tool in which a movable part (for example, a drill or the like) can be moved by using a battery according to the present technology as a power source for driving. An electronic device is a device that exerts various functions by using a battery according to the present technology as a power source (power supply source) for driving.

Next, some application examples of the battery according to the present technology will be specifically described. Since the configuration of each application example described below is only an example, it can be changed as appropriate.

<4-2. Third embodiment (example of battery pack)>
The battery pack of the third embodiment according to the present technology includes the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology. For example, the battery pack of the third embodiment according to the present technology includes the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology, a control unit for controlling the usage state of the battery, and a battery according to an instruction from the control unit. It is a battery pack equipped with a switch unit for switching the usage state. Since the battery pack of the third embodiment according to the present technology includes the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability, the performance and reliability of the battery pack can be improved. It leads to improvement.

Hereinafter, the battery pack of the third embodiment according to the present technology will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a block configuration of a battery pack. This battery pack has, for example, a control unit 61, a power supply 62, a switch unit 63, a current measurement unit 64, a temperature detection unit 65, and a voltage detection unit inside a housing 60 made of a plastic material or the like. It includes 66, a switch control unit 67, a memory 68, a temperature detection element 69, a current detection resistor 70, and a positive electrode terminal 71 and a negative electrode terminal 72.

The control unit 61 controls the operation of the entire battery pack (including the usage state of the power supply 62), and includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) and the like. The power supply 62 includes one or more batteries (not shown). The power supply 62 is, for example, an assembled battery including two or more batteries, and the connection form of the batteries may be in series, in parallel, or in a mixed type of both. As an example, the power supply 62 includes six batteries connected so as to be in two parallels and three series.

The switch unit 63 switches the usage state of the power supply 62 (whether or not the power supply 62 can be connected to an external device) according to the instruction of the control unit 61. The switch unit 63 includes, for example, a charge control switch, a discharge control switch, a charging diode, a discharging diode (none of which is shown), and the like. The charge control switch and the discharge control switch are semiconductor switches such as field effect transistors (MOSFETs) using metal oxide semiconductors, for example.

The current measuring unit 64 measures the current using the current detection resistor 70 and outputs the measurement result to the control unit 61. The temperature detection unit 65 measures the temperature using the temperature detection element 69 and outputs the measurement result to the control unit 61. This temperature measurement result is used, for example, when the control unit 61 performs charge / discharge control at the time of abnormal heat generation, or when the control unit 61 performs correction processing at the time of calculating the remaining capacity. The voltage detection unit 66 measures the voltage of the battery in the power supply 62, converts the measured voltage into analog-digital, and supplies the measured voltage to the control unit 61.

The switch control unit 67 controls the operation of the switch unit 63 according to the signals input from the current measurement unit 64 and the voltage detection unit 66.

For example, when the battery voltage reaches the overcharge detection voltage, the switch control unit 67 disconnects the switch unit 63 (charge control switch) and controls so that the charge current does not flow in the current path of the power supply 62. .. As a result, in the power supply 62, only discharging is possible via the discharging diode. The switch control unit 67 cuts off the charging current when, for example, a large current flows during charging.

Further, for example, when the battery voltage reaches the over-discharge detection voltage, the switch control unit 67 disconnects the switch unit 63 (discharge control switch) so that the discharge current does not flow in the current path of the power supply 62. .. As a result, the power supply 62 can only be charged via the charging diode. The switch control unit 67 cuts off the discharge current when, for example, a large current flows during discharge.

In the battery, for example, the overcharge detection voltage is 4.2 V ± 0.05 V, and the over discharge detection voltage is 2.4 V ± 0.1 V.

The memory 68 is, for example, EEPROM, which is a non-volatile memory. The memory 68 stores, for example, a numerical value calculated by the control unit 61, battery information measured in the manufacturing process stage (for example, internal resistance in an initial state), and the like. If the fully charged capacity of the battery is stored in the memory 68, the control unit 61 can grasp information such as the remaining capacity.

The temperature detection element 69 measures the temperature of the power supply 62 and outputs the measurement result to the control unit 61, for example, a thermistor or the like.

The positive electrode terminal 71 and the negative electrode terminal 72 are connected to an external device operated by using the battery pack (for example, a notebook personal computer) or an external device used for charging the battery pack (for example, a charger). It is a terminal to be used. Charging and discharging of the power supply 62 is performed via the positive electrode terminal 71 and the negative electrode terminal 72.

<4-3. Fourth Embodiment (example of vehicle)>
The vehicle of the fourth embodiment according to the present technology is driven by the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology, a driving force conversion device that converts the electric power supplied from the battery into a driving force, and a driving force. It is a vehicle including a driving unit and a vehicle control device. Since the vehicle of the fourth embodiment according to the present technology is provided with the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability, the performance and reliability of the vehicle can be improved. Connect.

Hereinafter, the vehicle of the fourth embodiment according to the present technology will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present technology is applied. The series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on a power drive power converter using the electric power generated by a generator powered by an engine or the electric power temporarily stored in a battery.

The hybrid vehicle 7200 includes an engine 7201, a generator 7202, a power driving force conversion device 7203, a drive wheel 7204a, a drive wheel 7204b, a wheel 7205a, a wheel 7205b, a battery 7208, a vehicle control device 7209, various sensors 7210, and a charging port 7211. Is installed. A power storage device (not shown) is applied to the battery 7208.

The hybrid vehicle 7200 travels by using the electric power driving force conversion device 7203 as a power source. An example of the power driving force conversion device 7203 is a motor. The electric power of the battery 7208 operates the electric power driving force conversion device 7203, and the rotational force of the electric power driving force conversion device 7203 is transmitted to the drive wheels 7204a and 7204b. By using direct current-AC (DC-AC) or reverse conversion (AC-DC conversion) at necessary locations, the power driving force conversion device 7203 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor. The various sensors 7210 control the engine speed via the vehicle control device 7209, and control the opening degree (throttle opening degree) of a throttle valve (not shown). The various sensors 7210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.

The rotational force of the engine 7201 is transmitted to the generator 7202, and the electric power generated by the generator 7202 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 7208.

When the hybrid vehicle decelerates due to a braking mechanism (not shown), the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied to the power driving force conversion device 7203 as a rotational force, and the regenerative power generated by the power driving force conversion device 7203 by this rotational force is applied to the battery 7208. Accumulate.

By connecting the battery 7208 to an external power source of the hybrid vehicle, it is possible to receive electric power from the external power source using the charging port 211 as an input port and store the received electric power.

Although not shown, an information processing device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the battery may be provided. As such an information processing device, for example, there is an information processing device that displays the remaining battery level based on information on the remaining battery level.

In the above description, a series hybrid vehicle traveling by a motor using the electric power generated by the generator operated by the engine or the electric power temporarily stored in the battery has been described as an example. However, this technology is also effective for parallel hybrid vehicles that use the output of the engine and motor as the drive source, and switch between the three methods of running only with the engine, running only with the motor, and running with the engine and motor. Applicable. Further, the present technology can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels by being driven only by a drive motor without using an engine.

<4-4. Fifth Embodiment (Example of power storage system)>
The power storage system of the fifth embodiment according to the present technology includes a power storage device having a battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology, a power consumption device to which power is supplied from the battery, and the power consumption device from the battery. It is a power storage system including a control device for controlling the power supply to the battery and a power generation device for charging the battery. Since the power storage system of the fifth embodiment according to the present technology includes the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability, the performance and reliability of the power storage system can be improved. It leads to improvement.

Hereinafter, a residential power storage system, which is an example of the power storage system of the seventh embodiment according to the present technology, will be described with reference to FIG.

For example, in the power storage system 9100 for a residential 9001, electric power is generated from a centralized power system 9002 such as thermal power generation 9002a, nuclear power generation 9002b, and hydroelectric power generation 9002c via a power grid 9009, an information network 9012, a smart meter 9007, a power hub 9008, and the like. It is supplied to the power storage device 9003. At the same time, electric power is supplied to the power storage device 9003 from an independent power source such as the home power generation device 9004. The electric power supplied to the power storage device 9003 is stored. The power storage device 9003 is used to supply the electric power used in the house 9001. A similar power storage system can be used not only for the house 9001 but also for the building.

The house 9001 is provided with a power generation device 9004, a power consumption device 9005, a power storage device 9003, a control device 9010 for controlling each device, a smart meter 9007, and a sensor 9011 for acquiring various information. Each device is connected by a power grid 9009 and an information network 9012. A solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used as the power generation device 9004, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 9005 and / or the power storage device 9003. The power consumption device 9005 includes a refrigerator 9005a, an air conditioner 9005b, a television receiver 9005c, a bath 9005d, and the like. Further, the power consuming device 9005 includes an electric vehicle 9006. The electric vehicle 9006 is an electric vehicle 9006a, a hybrid car 9006b, and an electric motorcycle 9006c.

The battery (battery unit) of the second embodiment according to the present technology described above is applied to the power storage device 9003. The power storage device 9003 is composed of a battery and / or a capacitor. For example, it is composed of a lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium ion secondary battery may be a stationary type or may be used in the electric vehicle 9006. The smart meter 9007 has a function of measuring the usage of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage to the electric power company. The power grid 9009 may be a combination of any one or a plurality of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.

The various sensors 9011 are, for example, a human sensor, an illuminance sensor, an object detection sensor, a power consumption sensor, a vibration sensor, a contact sensor, a temperature sensor, an infrared sensor, and the like. The information acquired by the various sensors 9011 is transmitted to the control device 9010. With the information from the sensor 9011, the state of the weather, the state of a person, and the like can be grasped, and the power consumption device 9005 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Further, the control device 9010 can transmit information about the house 9001 to an external electric power company or the like via the Internet.

The power hub 9008 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion. As a communication method of the information network 9012 connected to the control device 9010, a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal Synchronous Receiver-Transmitter), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee (registered trademark). , Wi-Fi (registered trademark) and other wireless communication standards. The Bluetooth® method is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication. ZigBee® uses the physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.15.4. IEEE802.154 is the name of a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.

The control device 9010 is connected to an external server 9013. The server 9013 may be managed by any of the housing 9001, the electric power company, and the service provider. The information sent and received by the server 9013 is, for example, power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transaction information. These pieces of information may be transmitted and received from a power consuming device in the home (for example, a television receiver), or may be transmitted and received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, for example, a television receiver, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or the like.

The control device 9010 that controls each unit is composed of a CPU, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 9003 in this example. The control device 9010 is connected to a power storage device 9003, a home power generation device 9004, a power consumption device 9005, various sensors 9011, a server 9013 and an information network 9012, and has a function of adjusting, for example, the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generated. have. In addition, it may be provided with a function of conducting electric power trading in the electric power market.

As described above, not only the centralized power system 9002 such as thermal power 9002a, nuclear power 9002b, and hydraulic power 9002c, but also the power generated by the domestic power generation device 9004 (solar power generation, wind power generation) can be stored in the power storage device 9003. can. Therefore, even if the generated power of the home power generation device 9004 fluctuates, it is possible to control the amount of power sent to the outside to be constant or to discharge as much as necessary. For example, the electric power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 9003, the late-night power with a low charge is stored in the power storage device 9003 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 9003 is discharged during the time when the charge is high in the daytime. You can also use it.

In this example, although the example in which the control device 9010 is stored in the power storage device 9003 has been described, it may be stored in the smart meter 9007 or may be configured independently. Further, the power storage system 9100 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.

<4-5. Sixth Embodiment (Example of power tool)>
The power tool of the sixth embodiment according to the present technology is a power tool including the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology and a movable portion to which electric power is supplied from the battery. Since the power tool of the sixth embodiment according to the present technology includes the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability, the performance and reliability of the power tool can be improved. It leads to improvement.

Hereinafter, the power tool of the sixth embodiment according to the present technology will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a block configuration of a power tool. This power tool is, for example, an electric drill, and includes a control unit 99 and a power supply 100 inside a tool body 98 made of a plastic material or the like. For example, a drill portion 101, which is a movable portion, is movably attached to the tool body 98.

The control unit 99 controls the operation of the entire power tool (including the usage state of the power supply 100), and includes, for example, a CPU and the like. The power source 100 includes one or more batteries (not shown). The control unit 99 is adapted to supply electric power from the power supply 100 to the drill unit 101 in response to an operation of an operation switch (not shown).

<4-6. Seventh Embodiment (Example of electronic device)>
The electronic device of the seventh embodiment according to the present technology is an electronic device including the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology and receiving electric power from the battery. As described above, the electronic device of the seventh embodiment according to the present technology is a device that exhibits various functions by using a battery as a power source (power supply source) for driving. Since the electronic device of the seventh embodiment according to the present technology includes the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology having excellent battery characteristics and excellent reliability, the performance and reliability of the electronic device can be improved. It leads to improvement.

Hereinafter, the electronic device of the seventh embodiment according to the present technology will be described with reference to FIG.

An example of the configuration of the electronic device 400 according to the seventh embodiment of the present technology will be described. The electronic device 400 includes an electronic circuit 401 of the main body of the electronic device and a battery pack 300. The battery pack 300 is electrically connected to the electronic circuit 401 via the positive electrode terminal 331a and the negative electrode terminal 331b. The electronic device 400 has, for example, a configuration in which the battery pack 300 can be freely attached and detached by the user. The configuration of the electronic device 400 is not limited to this, and has a configuration in which the battery pack 300 is built in the electronic device 400 so that the battery pack 300 cannot be removed from the electronic device 400 by the user. You may.

When charging the battery pack 300, the positive electrode terminal 331a and the negative electrode terminal 331b of the battery pack 300 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the charger (not shown), respectively. On the other hand, when the battery pack 300 is discharged (when the electronic device 400 is used), the positive electrode terminal 331a and the negative electrode terminal 331b of the battery pack 300 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the electronic circuit 401, respectively.

Examples of the electronic device 400 include a notebook personal computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone (for example, a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an image pickup device (for example, a digital still camera, a digital video camera, etc.), and an audio device (for example, a digital video camera). Portable audio players), game consoles, cordless phone handsets, electronic books, electronic dictionaries, radios, headphones, navigation systems, memory cards, pacemakers, hearing aids, lighting equipment, toys, medical equipment, robots, etc. Not limited. As a specific example, a head-mounted display and a band-type electronic device will be described. The head-mounted display includes an image display device, a wearing device for mounting an image display device on the observer's head, and an image display device. It is an electronic device provided with a mounting member for mounting the device and using the battery of the second embodiment of the present technology as a driving power source, and the band type electronic device is a plurality of segments connected in a band shape. A flexible circuit board that connects a plurality of electronic components arranged in a plurality of segments and a plurality of electronic components in the plurality of segments and is arranged in a serpentine shape in at least one segment. As an electronic component, for example, the battery of the second embodiment according to the present technology is an electronic device arranged in the above segment.

The electronic circuit 401 includes, for example, a CPU, a peripheral logic unit, an interface unit, a storage unit, and the like, and controls the entire electronic device 400.

The battery pack 300 includes an assembled battery 301 and a charge / discharge circuit 302. The assembled battery 301 is configured by connecting a plurality of batteries 301a in series and / or in parallel. The plurality of batteries 301a are connected, for example, in n parallel m series (n and m are positive integers). Note that FIG. 5 shows an example in which six batteries 301a are connected in two parallels and three series (2P3S). As the battery 301a, the battery of the second embodiment may be used.

At the time of charging, the charging / discharging circuit 302 controls the charging of the assembled battery 301. On the other hand, at the time of discharging (that is, when the electronic device 400 is used), the charge / discharge circuit 302 controls the discharge to the electronic device 400.

Hereinafter, the effects of the present technology will be specifically described with reference to examples. The scope of the present technology is not limited to the examples.

Pore ratio, electrode density (density of electrode active material layer), average pore diameter (average pore diameter), average particle size of electrode active material (D50), average winding rate, peeling strength and discharge load characteristics in this embodiment. The measurement method is as follows.

[Porosity]
The porosity was calculated by (1- (electrode active material layer density / electrode active material layer true density)) × 100. The true density of the electrode active material layer is the sum of the densities of the electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder existing in the electrode active material layer multiplied by their respective composition ratios. The density of the electrode active material layer was calculated according to the following.

[Electrode density (density of electrode active material layer)]
The current collector (which may be a current collector foil) and the electrode applied to one side of the current collector were punched into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm, and the weight and thickness of the current collector and the electrode were measured. Then, the electrode density was measured by the following formula.
(Electrode density) = (Electrode weight-collector weight) ÷ (Π * 0.75 * 0.75) ÷ (electrode thickness-collector thickness).

[Average pore diameter (average pore diameter)]
The average pore diameter was determined as follows.
In order to obtain a pore size distribution, a mercury intrusion test was performed in a pressure range of 0.2 PSIA to 60,000 PSIA using the Autopore IV9500 series [V1.0] manufactured by Micromeritics Instrument Corporation. The average pore diameter was calculated from the obtained pore volume and specific surface area. The average pore diameter was calculated by (4 × total pore volume) / specific surface area.

[Average particle size of electrode active material (D50)]
D50 means a particle size corresponding to 50% from the smallest particle when the total number of particles is 100% in the distribution curve in which the particle size is accumulated in the order of the smallest particle to the largest particle. The D50 is measured by a method well known to those skilled in the art and can be measured, for example, by a particle size analyzer or from a TEM (transmission electron microscope) or SEM (scanning electron microscope) photograph. As an example of another method, after measuring using a measuring device using a dynamic light scattering method, data analysis is performed, the number of particles is counted for each size range, and the calculation is performed thereby. D50 can be easily obtained through.

[Average turnover rate]
The average turnover rate was calculated as follows. First, a three-dimensional structural model was obtained by repeating cross-section extraction processing by FIB and cross-section image acquisition by SEM using Helios 400S manufactured by FEI, and reconstructing the acquired image. The obtained structural model was binarized into an electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder portion and a void portion by GeoDic manufactured by Math2Market, and the curvature ratio was calculated.

[Peeling strength]
The peel strength was measured by performing a 180 ° peel test with a 5564 type tensile tester manufactured by Instron. A double-sided adhesive tape (G9000 manufactured by Dexerials) with a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm is attached to the center of a SUS plate with a width of 50 mm and a length of 150 mm so that the active material layer and the double-sided adhesive tape adhere to the electrodes with a width of 25 mm and a length of 50 mm. I stuck it on. One end of the test piece was peeled off by 3 mm, joined to a piece of paper having a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm, and the piece of paper was pulled and fixed to the chuck of the testing machine. A piece of paper was pulled at a tensile speed of 100 mm / min so that the pulling angle was 180 °, and the average of the loads from 20 mm to 50 mm at the start of measurement was taken as the peel strength (mN / mm).

[Discharge load characteristics]
The discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery was measured at a charge upper limit voltage of 4.5 V, a charge current of 0.2 C, a discharge end voltage of 3.0 V, and a temperature of 23 ° C. under the conditions of a discharge current rate of 0.2 C and 0.5 C, and was 0. The capacity of 0.5C with respect to 2C was taken as the discharge load characteristic.

<Example 1>
As the positive electrode, 94.8% by mass of LiCoO ₂ , 5.18% by mass of binder (binding agent), and 0.025% by mass of Ketjen black (conductive agent) are used in a predetermined amount of NMP (N-methyl-2). -Pyrrolidone) was mixed, kneaded with a self-revolving mixer, and dispersed to obtain a positive electrode mixture paint. The binder is composed of 95% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and 5% by mass of hexafluoropropylene (HFP). This positive electrode mixture coating is applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 μm, dried at 120 ° C., a positive electrode active material layer is formed, pressure is applied to 3.9 g / cc with a hand press machine, and then vacuum is applied. A positive electrode was prepared by drying.

Li metal foil was used as the negative electrode. As the separator, a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 25 μm was used. A unipolar laminated cell was produced by sandwiching a separator between the above-mentioned positive electrode and negative electrode with tabs, injecting an electrolytic solution, and then vacuum-sealing with a laminate.

Using the positive electrode produced in Example 1, the pore ratio, the electrode density (density of the electrode active material layer), the average pore diameter (average pore diameter), the average particle size of the electrode active material (D50), the average winding ratio, And the peel strength was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below. In addition, the discharge load characteristics were measured using the unipolar laminated cell produced in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 below. The "amount of conductive agent / amount of HFP" shown in Table 1 and Tables 2 and 3 described later is the mass of the conductive agent with respect to the total mass of the electrode active material layer (positive electrode active material layer) (electrode active material layer (electrode active material layer). Mass% of the conductive agent in the positive electrode active material layer) / Mass of HFP in the total mass of the electrode active material layer (positive electrode active material layer) (mass% of HFP in the electrode active material layer (positive electrode active material layer)) ". Means.

<Examples 2 to 37 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4>
For Examples 2-20, LiCoO ₂ , binder (binding agent), Ketjen black (conductive agent), and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)) are listed in Table 1 below. ), And the amount of the conductive agent / the amount of HFP were set, but the positive electrode and the unipolar laminated cell were produced by the same method as that described in Example 1.

Using each of the positive electrodes prepared in Examples 2 to 20, the pore ratio, the electrode density (density of the electrode active material layer), the average pore diameter (average pore diameter), the average particle size of the electrode active material (D50), The average bend ratio and the peel strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below. In addition, the discharge load characteristics were measured using each unipolar laminated cell produced in Examples 2 to 20. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

For Examples 21-37, LiCoO ₂ , binder (binding agent), Ketjen black (conductive agent) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)) are shown in Table 2 below. A positive electrode and a unipolar laminated cell were produced by the same method as that described in Example 1 except that the amount of the binder and the amount of the conductive agent / HFP were set.

Using each of the positive electrodes prepared in Examples 21 to 37, the pore ratio, the electrode density (density of the electrode active material layer), the average pore diameter (average pore diameter), the average particle size of the electrode active material (D50), The average bend ratio and the peel strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below. In addition, the discharge load characteristics were measured using the respective unipolar laminated cells produced in Examples 21 to 37. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are the LiCoO ₂ , binder (binding agent), Ketjen Black (conductive agent) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)) shown in Table 3 below. A positive electrode and a unipolar laminated cell were produced by the same method as described in Example 1 except that the amount and the amount of the conductive agent / HFP were set.

Using each of the positive electrodes prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the pore ratio, the electrode density (density of the electrode active material layer), the average pore diameter (average pore diameter), the average particle size of the electrode active material (D50), The average bend ratio and the peel strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below. In addition, the discharge load characteristics were measured using the respective unipolar laminated cells prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 4. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

As is clear from Tables 1 to 3, the unipolar laminated cells using the positive electrodes produced in Examples 1 to 37 are the same as the unipolar laminated cells using the positive electrodes produced in Comparative Examples 1 to 4. , Has good discharge load characteristics. When the amount of HFP is 5% by mass to 50% by mass and the mass ratio of the conductive agent to the mass of the hexafluoropropylene is 0.095 to 50, the ionic conductivity is improved and the mechanical strength is also lowered. Since it can be suppressed, it is considered that a unipolar laminated cell having excellent discharge load characteristics was obtained. Further, it is considered that the strength of the electrode active material layer was maintained because the pores were 10% by volume to 25% by volume with respect to the total volume of the electrode active material layer.

Even if this technique is applied to the negative electrode or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the same results as those in the above-mentioned embodiment in which the present technique is applied to the positive electrode are obtained, and excellent discharge load characteristics are obtained. The effect of is played.

Hereinafter, the present technology will be described in more detail with reference to application examples 1 to 5.

<Application example 1: Printed circuit board>
As shown in FIG. 6, the battery according to the present technology can be mounted on a printed circuit board 1202 (hereinafter referred to as “PCB”) together with a charging circuit or the like. For example, a battery according to the present technology (in FIG. 6, the secondary battery 1203 is shown in FIG. 6; the same applies hereinafter) and an electronic circuit such as a charging circuit are mounted on the PCB 1202 by a reflow process. be able to. A battery module 1201 in which an electronic circuit such as a secondary battery 1203 and a charging circuit is mounted on a PCB 1202 is referred to as a battery module 1201. The battery module 1201 has a card-type configuration as needed, and can be configured as a portable card-type mobile battery.

A charge control IC (Integrated Circuit) 1204, a battery protection IC 1205, and a battery remaining amount monitoring IC 1206 are also formed on the PCB 1202. The battery protection IC 1205 controls the charge / discharge operation so that the charge voltage does not become excessive during charging / discharging, an overcurrent flows due to a load short circuit, and an overdischarge does not occur.

A USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface 1207 is attached to the PCB 1202. The secondary battery 1203 is charged by the electric power supplied through the USB interface 1207. In this case, the charge control IC 1204 controls the charge operation. Further, a predetermined electric power (for example, a voltage of 4.2 V) is supplied to the load 1209 from the load connection terminals 1208a and 1208b attached to the PCB 1202. The remaining battery level of the secondary battery 1203 is monitored by the battery level monitoring IC 1206 so that a display (not shown) indicating the remaining battery level can be seen from the outside. The USB interface 1207 may be used for load connection.

Specific examples of the above-mentioned load 1209 are as follows.
A. Wearable devices (sports watches, watches, hearing aids, etc.),
B. IoT terminals (sensor network terminals, etc.),
C. Amusement devices (portable game terminals, game controllers),
D. IC board embedded battery (real-time clock IC),
E. Energy harvesting equipment (power storage elements for power generation elements such as solar power generation, thermoelectric power generation, and vibration power generation).

<Application example 2: Universal credit card>
Currently, many people carry multiple credit cards with them. However, as the number of credit cards increases, there is a problem that the risk of loss, theft, etc. increases. Therefore, a card called a universal credit card, which integrates functions such as a plurality of credit cards and point cards into one card, has been put into practical use. For example, you can capture information such as the numbers and expiration dates of various credit cards and point cards in this card, so if you put one of those cards in your wallet, you can use it whenever you want. You can select and use various cards.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the configuration of the universal credit card 1301. It has a card-shaped shape and contains an IC chip and a battery (not shown) according to the present technology. Further, a low power consumption display 1302 and an operation unit such as direction keys 1303a and 1303b are provided. Further, a charging terminal 1304 is provided on the surface of the universal credit card 1301.

For example, the user can operate the direction keys 1303a and 1303b while looking at the display 1302 to identify a credit card or the like loaded in the universal credit card 1301 in advance. When a plurality of credit cards are preloaded, information indicating each credit card is displayed on the display 1302, and the user can operate the direction keys 1303a and 1303b to specify a desired credit card. After that, it can be used like a conventional credit card. It should be noted that the above is an example, and it goes without saying that the battery (not shown) according to the present technology can be applied to any electronic card other than the universal credit card 1301.

<Application example 3: Wristband type electronic device>
An example of a wearable terminal is a wristband type electronic device. Among them, the wristband type activity meter, also called a smart band, can acquire data on human activities such as steps, distance traveled, calories burned, sleep amount, and heart rate simply by wrapping it around the arm. It can be done. Furthermore, the acquired data can be managed by a smartphone. Further, it can also be provided with a mail sending / receiving function, and for example, one having a notification function of notifying a user of an incoming mail by an LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp and / or a vibration is used.

8 and 9 show an example of a wristband type activity meter for measuring a pulse, for example. FIG. 8 shows a configuration example of the appearance of the wristband type activity meter 1501. FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of the main body portion 1502 of the wristband type activity meter 1501.

The wristband type activity meter 1501 is a wristband type measuring device that measures, for example, a pulse of a subject by an optical method. As shown in FIG. 8, the wristband type activity meter 1501 is composed of a main body portion 1502 and a band 1503, and the band 1503 is attached to a subject's arm (wrist) 1504 like a wristwatch. Then, the main body portion 1502 irradiates the portion including the pulse of the arm 1504 of the subject with the measurement light of a predetermined wavelength, and measures the pulse of the subject based on the intensity of the returned light.

The main body unit 1502 is configured to include a substrate 1521, an LED 1522, a light receiving IC 1523, a light shielding body 1524, an operation unit 1525, an arithmetic processing unit 1526, a display unit 1527, and a wireless device 1528. The LED 1522, the light receiving IC 1523, and the light shielding body 1524 are provided on the substrate 1521. Under the control of the light receiving IC 1523, the LED 1522 irradiates the portion including the pulse of the arm 1504 of the subject with the measurement light having a predetermined wavelength.

The light receiving IC 1523 receives the light returned after the measurement light is applied to the arm 1504. The light receiving IC 1523 generates a digital measurement signal indicating the intensity of the returned light, and supplies the generated measurement signal to the arithmetic processing unit 1526.

The light-shielding body 1524 is provided on the substrate 1521 between the LED 1522 and the light-receiving IC 1523. The light-shielding body 1524 prevents the measured light from the LED 1522 from being directly incident on the light receiving IC 1523.

The operation unit 1525 is composed of various operation members such as buttons and switches, and is provided on the surface of the main body unit 1502 or the like. The operation unit 1525 is used for operating the wristband type activity meter 1501 and supplies a signal indicating the operation content to the arithmetic processing unit 1526.

The arithmetic processing unit 1526 performs arithmetic processing for measuring the pulse of the subject based on the measurement signal supplied from the light receiving IC 1523. The arithmetic processing unit 1526 supplies the pulse measurement result to the display unit 1527 and the wireless device 1528.

The display unit 1527 is composed of a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), and is provided on the surface of the main body unit 1502. The display unit 1527 displays the measurement result of the pulse of the subject and the like.

The wireless device 1528 transmits the measurement result of the pulse of the subject to an external device by a predetermined method of wireless communication. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the wireless device 1528 transmits the measurement result of the pulse of the subject to the smartphone 1505, and displays the measurement result on the screen 1506 of the smartphone 1505. Further, the measurement result data is managed by the smartphone 1505, and the measurement result can be viewed by the smartphone 1505 or stored in a server on the network. Any method can be adopted as the communication method of the wireless device 1528. The light receiving IC 1523 can also be used when measuring the pulse at a portion other than the subject's arm 1504 (for example, a finger, an earlobe, etc.).

The wristband type activity meter 1501 described above can accurately measure the pulse wave and pulse of the subject by removing the influence of body movement by signal processing in the light receiving IC 1523. For example, even if the subject performs strenuous exercise such as running, the pulse wave and pulse of the subject can be accurately measured. Further, for example, even when the subject wears the wristband type activity meter 1501 for a long time to perform measurement, the influence of the subject's body movement can be removed and the pulse wave and pulse can be continuously measured accurately. ..

Further, by reducing the amount of calculation, the power consumption of the wristband type activity meter 1501 can be reduced. As a result, for example, it becomes possible to wear the wristband type activity meter 1501 on the subject for a long time and perform measurement without charging or replacing the battery.

As a power source, for example, a thin battery is housed in the band 1503. The wristband type activity meter 1501 includes an electronic circuit of the main body and a battery pack. For example, the battery pack has a structure in which the battery pack can be attached and detached by the user. The electronic circuit is a circuit included in the main body portion 1502 described above. This technology can be applied when a battery is used as a power source.

FIG. 10 shows a configuration example of the appearance of the wristband type electronic device 1601 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “electronic device 1601”).

The electronic device 1601 is, for example, a watch-type so-called wearable device that can be attached to and detached from the human body. The electronic device 1601 includes, for example, a band portion 1611 worn on an arm, a display device 1612 for displaying numbers, characters, symbols, and the like, and an operation button 1613. The band portion 1611 is formed with a plurality of hole portions 1611a and protrusions 1611b formed on the inner peripheral surface (the surface on the side that contacts the arm when the electronic device 1601 is attached).

In the electronic device 1601, the band portion 1611 is bent so as to have a substantially circular shape as shown in FIG. 10, and the protrusion 1611b is inserted into the hole portion 1611a and attached to the arm. By adjusting the position of the hole 1611a into which the protrusion 1611b is inserted, the size of the diameter can be adjusted according to the thickness of the arm. When the electronic device 1601 is not in use, the protrusion 1611b is removed from the hole portion 1611a, and the band portion 1611 is stored in a substantially flat state. The sensor according to the embodiment of the present technology is provided, for example, over the entire band portion 1611.

<Application example 4: Smart watch>
A smart watch has a similar or similar look to an existing wristwatch design and is worn on the user's wrist like a wristwatch and is the information displayed on the display for incoming phone calls and emails. It has a function to notify the user of various messages such as. Further, a smart watch having a function such as an electronic money function and an activity meter has also been proposed. In a smart watch, a display is built in the surface of the main body of an electronic device, and various information is displayed on the display. In addition, the smart watch can be linked with the functions and contents of the communication terminal or the like by performing short-range wireless communication such as Bluetooth (registered trademark) with the communication terminal (smartphone or the like), for example.

As one of the smart watches, a plurality of segments connected in a band shape, a plurality of electronic components arranged in a plurality of segments, and a plurality of electronic components in a plurality of segments are connected to each other in at least one segment. Those provided with a flexible circuit board arranged in a meandering shape have been proposed. By having such a meandering shape, the flexible circuit board is not stressed even if the band is bent, and the circuit is prevented from being cut. In addition, it is possible to incorporate electronic circuit components in the band side segment attached to the watch body instead of the housing that constitutes the watch body, and there is no need to make changes on the watch body side, which is the conventional method. It is possible to configure a smart watch with a design similar to that of a watch. In addition, the smart watch of this application example can notify notifications such as e-mails and incoming calls, record logs such as user action history, and make calls. In addition, the smart watch has a function as a contactless IC card, and can perform payment and authentication in a contactless manner.

The smart watch of this application example has a built-in circuit component that performs communication processing and notification processing in a metal band. In order to make the metal band thinner and function as an electronic device, the band is configured by connecting a plurality of segments, and a circuit board, a vibration motor, a battery, and an acceleration sensor are housed in each segment. Parts such as circuit boards, vibration motors, batteries, and acceleration sensors in each segment are connected by flexible printed circuit boards (FPCs).

FIG. 11 shows the overall configuration (disassembled perspective view) of the smart watch. The band-type electronic device 2000 is a metal band attached to the watch body 3000 and is worn on the user's wrist. The timepiece body 3000 includes a dial 3100 that displays the time. Instead of the dial 3100, the watch body 3000 may electronically display the time on a liquid crystal display or the like.

The band-type electronic device 2000 has a configuration in which a plurality of segments 2110 to 2230 are connected. The segment 2110 is attached to one band mounting hole of the watch body 3000, and the segment 2230 is attached to the other band mounting hole of the watch body 3000. In this example, each segment 2110-2230 is made of metal.

(Overview of the inside of the segment)
FIG. 12 shows a part of the internal configuration of the band type electronic device 2000. For example, the interior of three segments 2170, 2180, 2190, 2200, 2210 is shown. In the band type electronic device 2000, the flexible circuit board 2400 is arranged inside five consecutive segments 2170 to 2210. Various electronic components are arranged in the segment 2170, and batteries 2411 and 2421 composed of batteries according to the present technology are arranged in the segments 2190 and 2210, and these components are electrically formed by the flexible circuit board 2400. Be connected. The segment 2180 between the segments 2170 and the segment 2190 has a relatively small size, and the flexible circuit board 2400 in a meandering state is arranged. Inside the segment 2180, the flexible circuit board 2400 is arranged while being sandwiched between the waterproof members. The inside of the segments 2170 to 2210 has a waterproof structure.

(Circuit configuration of smart watch)
FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of the band type electronic device 2000. The internal circuit of the band-type electronic device 2000 has a configuration independent of that of the watch body 3000. The watch body 3000 includes a movement unit 3200 that rotates the hands arranged on the dial 3100. A battery 3300 is connected to the movement unit 3200. These movement portions 3200 and battery 3300 are built in the housing of the watch body 3000.

In the band type electronic device 2000 connected to the watch body 3000, electronic components are arranged in three segments 2170, 2190, and 2210. A data processing unit 4101, a wireless communication unit 4102, an NFC communication unit 4104, and a GPS unit 4106 are arranged in the segment 2170. Antennas 4103, 4105, and 4107 are connected to the wireless communication unit 4102, the NFC communication unit 4104, and the GPS unit 4106, respectively. Each antenna 4103, 4105, 4107 is arranged in the vicinity of the slit 2173 described later in the segment 2170.

The wireless communication unit 4102 performs short-range wireless communication with another terminal, for example, according to the standard of Bluetooth (registered trademark). The NFC communication unit 4104 performs wireless communication with a nearby reader / writer according to the NFC standard. The GPS unit 4106 is a positioning unit that receives radio waves from a satellite of a system called GPS (Global Positioning System) and performs positioning of the current position. The data obtained by these wireless communication units 4102, NFC communication unit 4104, and GPS unit 4106 are supplied to the data processing unit 4101.

Further, a display 4108, a vibrator 4109, a motion sensor 4110, and a voice processing unit 4111 are arranged in the segment 2170. The display 4108 and the vibrator 4109 function as a notification unit for notifying the wearer of the band-type electronic device 2000. The display 4108 is composed of a plurality of light emitting diodes, and notifies the user by lighting or blinking the light emitting diodes. The plurality of light emitting diodes are arranged, for example, inside the slit 2173 described later in the segment 2170, and an incoming telephone call or an e-mail is notified by lighting or blinking. As the display 4108, a type that displays characters, numbers, and the like may be used. The vibrator 4109 is a member that vibrates the segment 2170. The band-type electronic device 2000 notifies the incoming call, the reception of an e-mail, or the like by the vibration of the segment 2170 by the vibrator 4109.

The motion sensor 4110 detects the movement of the user wearing the band-type electronic device 2000. As the motion sensor 4110, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, an electronic compass, a barometric pressure sensor, or the like is used. Further, the segment 2170 may include a sensor other than the motion sensor 4110. For example, a biosensor that detects the pulse of a user wearing a band-type electronic device 2000 may be built in. The microphone 4112 and the speaker 4113 are connected to the voice processing unit 4111, and the voice processing unit 4111 processes a call with the other party connected by wireless communication in the wireless communication unit 4102. In addition, the voice processing unit 4111 can also perform processing for voice input operation.

A battery 2411 is built in the segment 2190, and a battery 2421 is built in the segment 2210. As described above, the batteries 2411 and 2421 can be configured by the batteries according to the present technology, and supply power for driving to the circuits in the segment 2170. The circuit in the segment 2170 and the batteries 2411 and 2421 are connected by a flexible circuit board 2400 (FIG. 18). Although not shown in FIG. 19, the segment 2170 includes terminals for charging the batteries 2411 and 2421. Further, electronic components other than the batteries 2411 and 2421 may be arranged in the segments 2190 and 2210. For example, segments 2190 and 2210 may include circuits that control the charging and discharging of batteries 2411 and 2421.

<Application example 5: Glasses type terminal>
The glasses-type terminal described below can display information such as texts, symbols, and images superimposed on the landscape in front of the eyes. That is, it is equipped with a lightweight and thin image display device display module dedicated to the transmissive glasses-type terminal. A typical example is a head-mounted display (head-mounted display (HMD)).

This image display device comprises an optical engine and a hologram light guide plate. The optical engine uses a microdisplay lens to emit video light such as images and text. This image light is incident on the hologram light guide plate. The hologram light guide plate has hologram optical elements built into both ends of the transparent plate, and propagates the image light from the optical engine through a very thin transparent plate with a thickness of 1 mm to the eyes of the observer. deliver. With such a configuration, a lens having a transmittance of, for example, 85% and a thickness of 3 mm (including the protective plates before and after the light guide plate) is realized. With such a glasses-type terminal, it is possible to view the results of players and teams in real time while watching sports, and to display tourist guides at the destination.

As shown in FIG. 14, in a specific example of the glasses-type terminal, the image display unit has a glasses-type configuration. That is, like ordinary eyeglasses, it has a frame 5003 for holding the right image display unit 5001 and the left image display unit 5002 in front of the eyes. The frame 5003 includes a front portion 5004 arranged in front of the observer, and two temple portions 5005 and 5006 rotatably attached to both ends of the front portion 5004 via hinges. The frame 5003 is made of the same materials that make up ordinary eyeglasses, such as metals, alloys, plastics, and combinations thereof. A headphone unit may be provided.

The right image display unit 5001 and the left image display unit 5002 are arranged so as to be located in front of the user's right eye and in front of the left eye, respectively. Temple units 5005 and 5006 hold image display units 5001 and 5002 on the user's head. At the connection point between the front unit 5004 and the temple unit 5005, the right display drive unit 5007 is arranged inside the temple unit 5005. At the connection point between the front unit 5004 and the temple unit 5006, the left display drive unit 5008 is arranged inside the temple unit 5006.

Although omitted in FIG. 14, the frame 5003 is equipped with a battery, an acceleration sensor, a gyro, an electronic compass, a microphone / speaker, and the like according to the present technology. Further, an image pickup device is attached, and it is possible to shoot still images / moving images. Further, it is provided with a controller connected to the glasses unit by, for example, a wireless or wired interface. The controller is provided with a touch sensor, various buttons, a speaker, a microphone, and the like. Furthermore, it has a function of linking with a smartphone. For example, it is possible to provide information according to the user's situation by utilizing the GPS function of the smartphone.

The present technology is not limited to each of the above embodiments, examples, and applications, and can be changed within a range that does not deviate from the gist of the present technology.

Since the effect of this technology should be obtained regardless of the type of electrode reactant if it is an electrode reactant used in a battery, the same effect can be obtained even if the type of the electrode reactant is changed. Obtainable. Further, the chemical formulas of the compounds and the like are typical, and if they are the general names of the same compounds, they are not limited to the stated valences and the like.

In addition, this technology can also have the following configurations.
[1]
Equipped with an electrode active material layer,
The electrode active material layer contains at least an electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and a conductive agent.
The mass of the hexafluoropropylene is 5% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride and the hexafluoropropylene.
An electrode having a mass ratio of the mass of the conductive agent to the mass of the hexafluoropropylene (mass of the conductive agent / mass of hexafluoropropylene) of 0.095 to 50.
[2]
The electrode according to [1], wherein the electrode active material layer has pores, and the volume of the pores is 10% by volume to 25% by volume with respect to the total volume of the electrode active material layer.
[3]
The electrode according to [2], wherein the average pore diameter of the pores is 0.07 μm to 1.5 μm.
[4]
The electrode according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the content of the conductive agent is 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the electrode active material layer.
[5]
The electrode according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the electrode active material layer has a density of 3.8 g / cm ³ to 4.3 g / cm ³ .
[6]
The electrode according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the average particle size (D50) of the electrode active material is 3 μm to 40 μm.
[7]
The electrode according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the average value of the average curb ratio of the electrode active material layer is 1.1 to 2.5.
[8]
With more current collectors
The electrode according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the peel strength between the electrode active material layer and the current collector is 20 N / m to 80 N / m.
[9]
A battery comprising at least one of the electrodes according to any one of [1] to [8].
[10]
A battery pack comprising the battery according to [9].
[11]
The battery described in [9] and
A control unit that controls the usage state of the battery,
A battery pack including a switch unit for switching the usage state of the battery according to an instruction from the control unit.
[12]
The battery described in [9] and
A driving force conversion device that receives electric power from the battery and converts it into the driving force of the vehicle.
A drive unit that drives according to the driving force,
A vehicle equipped with a vehicle control device.
[13]
The power storage device having the battery according to [9] and
A power consuming device to which power is supplied from the battery and
A control device that controls the power supply from the battery to the power consuming device, and
A power storage system including a power generation device for charging the battery.
[14]
The battery described in [9] and
A power tool comprising a moving portion to which power is supplied from the battery.
[15]
Equipped with the battery described in [9]
An electronic device that receives power from the battery.

Claims (13)

Equipped with an electrode active material layer,
The electrode active material layer contains at least an electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and a conductive agent.
The mass of the hexafluoropropylene is 6.0% by mass to 40.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride and the hexafluoropropylene.
The mass ratio of the mass of the conductive agent to the mass of the hexafluoropropylene (mass of the conductive agent / mass of hexafluoropropylene) is 0.155 to 3.409.
The electrode active material layer has pores, and the volume of the pores is 10% by volume to 25% by volume with respect to the total volume of the electrode active material layer .
An electrode having a density of the electrode active material layer of 3.8 g / cm ³ to 4.3 g / cm ³ . The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the average pore diameter of the pores is 0.07 μm to 1.5 μm. The electrode according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the conductive agent is 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the electrode active material layer. The electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the average particle size (D50) of the electrode active material is 3 μm to 40 μm. The electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the average value of the average curb ratio of the electrode active material layer is 1.1 to 2.5. With more current collectors
The electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the peel strength between the electrode active material layer and the current collector is 20 N / m to 80 N / m. A battery comprising at least the electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6 . A battery pack comprising the battery according to claim 7 . The battery according to claim 7 and
A control unit that controls the usage state of the battery,
A battery pack including a switch unit for switching the usage state of the battery according to an instruction from the control unit. The battery according to claim 7 and
A driving force conversion device that receives electric power from the battery and converts it into the driving force of the vehicle.
A drive unit that drives according to the driving force,
A vehicle equipped with a vehicle control device. The power storage device having the battery according to claim 7 ,
A power consuming device to which power is supplied from the battery and
A control device that controls the power supply from the battery to the power consuming device, and
A power storage system including a power generation device for charging the battery. The battery according to claim 7 and
A power tool comprising a moving portion to which power is supplied from the battery. The battery according to claim 7 is provided, and the battery is provided.
An electronic device that receives power from the battery.

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