JP6995599B2 - Performance evaluation method for fire models and gas-based fire extinguishing equipment using them - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fire model and a method for evaluating the performance of a gas-based fire extinguishing system using the same.

A method for evaluating the performance of gas-based fire extinguishing equipment has been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 1).

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), “NFPA 2001: Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2015 Edition”, USA, P57

However, the performance evaluation method proposed above is for a fire in which an individual or a liquid burns, not for a fire that may occur in an electric room or a communication machine room in which a cable is arranged. ..

The above problem can be solved by, for example, the following means.

A fire model including a combustible material having a gantry, a plurality of cables, and one or more bundling members for bundling the plurality of cables, and a hanging member for suspending the combustible material from the gantry.

After the process of arranging the above-mentioned fire model, the process of igniting the combustible material, and the combustion of the combustible material continue independently in the test area where the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment is installed, the above-mentioned test area. A method for evaluating the performance of a gas-based fire extinguishing facility, comprising a step of releasing a fire extinguishing agent gas into the inside and a step of confirming the extinguishing state of the combustible material after a lapse of a predetermined time from the release of the extinguishing agent gas.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to objectively show the effectiveness of the gas-based fire extinguishing system against a fire that may occur in an electric room or a communication machine room in which a cable is arranged.

It is a schematic front view which shows the combustible material which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic rear view which shows the combustible material which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic plan view which shows the combustible material which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic bottom view which shows the combustible material which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic right side view which shows the combustible material which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic left side view which shows the combustible material which concerns on embodiment. It is an enlarged view of the part AA'in FIG. 1-1. It is an enlarged view of the BB' portion in FIG. 1-1. It is an enlarged view of the CC'part in FIG. 1-1. It is an enlarged view of the DD' portion in FIG. 1-2. It is an enlarged view of the E-E'part in FIG. 1-2. It is an enlarged view of the FF' portion in FIG. 1-2. It is an enlarged view of the GG' portion in FIG. 1-5. It is an enlarged view of the HH'part in FIG. 1-5. It is an enlarged view of the I-I'part in FIG. 1-5. It is an enlarged view of the JJ' portion in FIG. 1-6. It is an enlarged view of the KK'part in FIG. 1-6. It is an enlarged view of the LL' portion in FIG. 1-6. It is a schematic front view which shows the fire model which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic rear view which shows the fire model which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic plan view which shows the fire model which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic bottom view which shows the fire model which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic right side view which shows the fire model which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic left side view which shows the fire model which concerns on embodiment. It is an enlarged view of the M part in FIG. 2-1. It is an enlarged view of the N part in FIG. 2-1. It is a schematic diagram explaining how the bundling member is passed through a plurality of cables. It is a schematic diagram explaining the state at the time of ignition. It is a schematic diagram explaining the performance evaluation method of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic diagram explaining another example of the performance evaluation method of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment which concerns on embodiment.

[Fire model 1 according to the embodiment]
FIG. 1-1 is a schematic front view showing a combustible material according to an embodiment, FIG. 1-2 is a schematic rear view showing a combustible material according to an embodiment, and FIG. 1-3 is a schematic rear view showing a combustible material according to an embodiment. It is a schematic plan view showing an object, FIG. 1-4 is a schematic bottom view showing a combustible material according to an embodiment, and FIG. 1-5 is a schematic right side view showing a combustible material according to an embodiment. , 1-6 are schematic left side views showing combustibles according to the embodiment. 1-7 is an enlarged view of the AA'part in FIG. 1-1, FIG. 1-8 is an enlarged view of the BB'part in FIG. 1-1, and FIG. 1-9 is a diagram. It is an enlarged view of the CC'part in 1-1. 1-10 is an enlarged view of the DD'part in FIG. 1-2, FIG. 1-11 is an enlarged view of the EE'part in FIG. 1-2, and FIG. 1-12 is a diagram. It is an enlarged view of the FF'part in 1-2. 1-13 is an enlarged view of the GG'part in FIG. 1-5, FIG. 1-14 is an enlarged view of the HH'part in FIG. 1-5, and FIG. 1-15 is a diagram. It is an enlarged view of the I-I'part in 1-5. 1-16 is an enlarged view of the JJ'part in FIG. 1-6, FIG. 1-17 is an enlarged view of the KK'part in FIG. 1-6, and FIG. 1-18 is a diagram. It is an enlarged view of the LL'part in 1-6. FIG. 2-1 is a schematic front view showing the fire model according to the embodiment, FIG. 2-2 is a schematic rear view showing the fire model according to the embodiment, and FIG. 2-3 is a schematic rear view showing the fire model according to the embodiment. It is a schematic plan view showing a model, FIG. 2-4 is a schematic bottom view showing a fire model according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2-5 is a schematic right side view showing a fire model according to an embodiment. , FIG. 2-6 is a schematic left side view showing the fire model according to the embodiment. 2-7 is an enlarged view of the M portion in FIG. 2-1 and FIG. 2-8 is an enlarged view of the N portion in FIG. 2-1.

As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1F, the fire model 1 according to the embodiment is a combustible material 20 having a gantry 10, a plurality of cables 22, and one or more binding members 24 for binding the plurality of cables 22. And a hanging member 30 for suspending the combustible material 20 from the gantry 10. Hereinafter, it will be described in detail.

(Fire model 1)
The fire model 1 is a model that imitates an actual fire and is used for a performance evaluation experiment of fire extinguishing equipment. In the performance evaluation experiment of the fire extinguishing equipment, for example, as shown in FIGS. It is done by evaluating. The effectiveness of the fire extinguishing equipment against a fire that can actually occur can be shown by the performance evaluation experiment of the fire extinguishing equipment using the fire model 1.

(Mount 10)
The gantry 10 is a member for suspending the combustible material 20. A non-combustible material such as metal (eg, iron, stainless steel) can be used for the gantry 10. The height of the gantry 10 can be determined according to the length of the cable 22, but is preferably 1300 mm or more and 1500 mm or less, for example. The shape of the gantry 10 is not particularly limited.

(Combustibles 20)
The combustible material 20 is a combustible material for a fire model used in the fire model 1. The combustible material 20 is a member having a plurality of cables 22 and one or more binding members 24 for binding the plurality of cables 22. By bundling the plurality of cables 22 into one combustible material 20 in this way, it is possible to suppress burning, falling off, and excessive combustion of the cables 22. That is, by bundling the plurality of cables 22 into one combustible material 20, the fire extinguishing agent gas is introduced into the test section as compared with the case where the plurality of cables 22 are individually suspended from the gantry 10 in an unbound state. It is possible to prevent the combustible material 20 from being burnt down or falling off from the gantry 10 by the time it is released. Further, by bundling a plurality of cables 22 into one combustible material 20, it is possible to suppress excessive combustion of the cables 22. If the cable 22 burns excessively, the oxygen concentration in the test section may decrease due to the combustion of the cable 22 itself before the fire extinguishing agent gas is released, and the performance of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment may not be sufficiently evaluated. However, according to the present embodiment, such a risk can be suppressed.

For each cable 22, for example, a PE cable, polypropylene, or polyester can be used. The cross-sectional shape of each cable 22 is, for example, circular, and the diameter thereof is, for example, 10.0 mm or more and 15.0 mm or less. The length of each cable 22 is, for example, 500 mm or more and 700 mm or less. The number of cables 22 is, for example, 2 or more and 30 or less, and particularly preferably 20 or more and 25 or less. Each cable 22 includes, for example, a communication cable or an electric cord.

For the binding member 24, for example, a metal wire or a binding band can be used. The number of the bundling members 24 may be one or more. However, if a plurality of cables 22 are bound by a plurality of binding members 24, it is possible to effectively prevent the combustible material 20 from losing its shape during combustion. For example, it is preferable to bind the upper end side region, the intermediate region, and the lower end side region of the combustible material 20 with one or more binding members 24, respectively. The upper end side region is a region where the distance from the upper end of the combustible material 20 is, for example, 0 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and the intermediate region is a region where the distance from the upper end of the combustible material 20 is, for example, 200 mm or more and 400 mm or less, and the lower end side region. Is a region where the distance from the lower end of the combustible material 20 is, for example, 100 mm or more and 300 mm or less.

It is preferable that the plurality of cables 22 are radially spread on the lower end side of the combustible material 20. By doing so, air (particularly oxygen) easily flows between the cable 22 and the cable 22, so that the combustible material 20 can be easily ignited. In addition, it becomes easy to continue the combustion of the combustible material 20 independently.

The combustible material 20 may have a connecting portion 26 connected to the suspending member 30.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which a binding member is passed through a plurality of cables. As shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that the plurality of cables 22 each have a through hole 22a on the upper end side of the combustible material 20, and the binding member 24 is passed through these through holes 22a. preferable. In the example shown in FIG. 3, as an example, one binding member 24 is configured by using two wires, the first wire is passed through the through holes 22a of the plurality of cables 22, and the plurality of cables 22 are formed into a blind shape. Winding up, the outer circumferences of the plurality of cables 22 are tightened with the second wire, and the end of the first wire and the end of the second wire are twisted to form one combustible material 20. By doing so, it is possible to further firmly bind the plurality of cables 22 and prevent them from falling off from the gantry 10. The binding member 24 for bundling the lower end side region of the combustible material 20 is composed of, for example, one wire so that the lower end side of the combustible material 20 spreads radially, and binds the upper end side region and the intermediate region of the combustible material 20. It is preferable that the plurality of cables 22 are loosely tightened rather than the binding member 24. The through hole 22a of each cable 22 can be formed by using, for example, a drill or a drill.

(Hanging member 30)
The hanging member 30 is a member for suspending the combustible material 20 from the gantry 10. By suspending the combustible material 20 from the gantry 10 in this way, it is possible to appropriately capture and express the characteristics of a fire that may occur in an electric room or a communication machine room in which a cable is arranged. That is, in general, a fire that can occur in an electric room or a communication machine room where a cable is placed burns a cable as an overhead wiring or a cable laid on a cable rack, not a cable laid on the floor. Often caused by. This is because the cable laid on the floor is relatively difficult to ignite, and even if it ignites, it often does not continue to burn independently. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by suspending the combustible material 20 from the gantry 10, the combustible material 20 is made into a member imitating an aerial wiring or a cable laid on a cable rack. As a result, it is considered which of the cables existing in the electric room, the communication machine room, etc. is likely to cause a fire, and a fire model 1 that matches the actual situation of a fire that can occur in the room in which the cable is arranged is provided. be able to.

For the hanging member 30, for example, an iron wire or a hanging jig can be used.

The number of hanging members 30 is, for example, one or two or more. When one hanging member is used, one end of the one hanging member may be fixed to a connecting portion, a binding member, or the like, and the other end of the one hanging member may be fixed to a gantry. Further, one end and the other end of one hanging member may be fixed to a connecting portion or a binding member, and the central portion of the hanging member may be hooked on the gantry to suspend the combustible material on the gantry. When two or more hanging members 30 are used, one end of each of the plurality of hanging members may be fixed to a connecting portion or a binding member, and the other end of each of the plurality of hanging members may be fixed to a gantry.

The hanging member 30 can be fixed not only to the connecting portion 26 but also to the binding member 24 and the combustible material 20 itself. However, in order to prevent the combustible material 20 from losing its shape, it is preferable to fix the hanging member 3 to the connecting portion 26 and the binding member 24, particularly the connecting portion 26. When the suspending member 30 is fixed to the connecting portion 26, the binding member 24, or the combustible material 20 itself, and the gantry 10, this fixing can be performed in various aspects such as engagement, binding, or welding.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state at the time of ignition. As shown in FIG. 4, in the suspending member 30, the lower end of the combustible material 20 has an extension of the flame from the ignition device 40 described later (the highest temperature among the flames) so that the combustible material 20 can be easily ignited. It is preferable that the combustible material 20 is suspended so as to be in contact with the high region).

(Ignition device 40)
The ignition device 40 is a device for igniting the combustible material 20. The ignition device 40 is arranged below the combustible material 20 and has an ignition fuel. The ignition fuel is provided in an amount necessary for ignition of the combustible material 20 (preferably in an amount required for ignition of the combustible material 20), and the combustion of the combustible material 20 continues independently. It will be burnt down within a specified time. This makes it possible to burn off the ignition fuel before the release of the fire extinguishing agent gas and evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing equipment for the combustion of the combustible material 20 (cable 22) alone. The predetermined time here is, for example, 0 minutes or more and 2 minutes or less.

The ignition fuel is a liquid fuel such as n-heptane. When the liquid fuel is used as the ignition fuel, it is preferable that the ignition device 40 has a container such as a pan for holding the liquid fuel. Further, in this case, it is preferable to pour water into the container so that the container is not deformed by the combustion of the liquid fuel. Even in this way, due to the specific gravity, the bedding water moves to the lower part of the container and the liquid fuel moves to the upper part of the container, so that the liquid fuel can be easily ignited. When the container is deformed, the liquid fuel is unevenly distributed in the container, and the combustible material 20 is partially ignited (example: ignition only on the right side surface, ignition only on the left side surface), and the combustible material 20 does not burn evenly. There is a risk. However, if the container is filled with water, even if the container is deformed, the bottom surface of the liquid fuel becomes horizontal due to the water, so that the combustible material 20 can be combusted evenly.

The amount of liquid fuel is not particularly limited. For example, when n-heptane of 150 cc (100 g) or more and 200 cc (150 g) or less is used as an ignition fuel, the container has, for example, a member having a bottom area of 250 mm or more and 350 mm or less and a volume of 650 cm ³ or more and 900 cm ³ or less. It is preferable to use. Further, in this case, the amount of bedding water is preferably, for example, 3.125 liters or more and 6.125 liters or less.

[Performance evaluation method of gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 according to the embodiment]
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a performance evaluation method of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the performance evaluation method of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 according to the embodiment includes a step of arranging the fire model 1 according to the embodiment in the test section 60 in which the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 is deployed. The step of igniting the combustible material 20, the step of releasing the fire extinguishing agent gas into the test section 60 after the combustion of the combustible material 20 continues independently, and the step of releasing the extinguishing agent gas for a predetermined time, the combustible material 20 is combustible. It has a step of confirming the fire extinguishing state of the object 20. Hereinafter, it will be described in detail.

(Process for arranging fire model 1)
First, the fire model 1 according to the embodiment is arranged in the test section 60 in which the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 is installed. It is preferable to arrange the fire model 1 in or near the center of the test section 60, for example.

The test section 60 is a test section that imitates a room in which a cable is arranged, such as an electric room or a communication machine room. The electric room is, for example, a computer room in which an electronic device is installed, a room in which a switchboard, or the like is installed, and a communication machine room is, for example, an electric exchange room or a wireless communication device room. The test section 60 is, for example, a section having a width of 5.0 m, a depth of 5.0 m, and a height of 4.0 m = 100 m ³ .

The gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 is, for example, a fire extinguishing equipment that discharges a fire extinguishing agent gas to lower the oxygen concentration in the test section 60, stops the combustion phenomenon itself, and extinguishes the fire. The fire extinguishing agent gas is, for example, an inert gas or a nitrogen gas. The gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 has excellent electrical insulation and has a low risk of contamination and water damage due to the fire extinguishing agent. ing.

The gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 includes, for example, a pipe 52 for sending the fire extinguishing agent gas into the test section 60, and an injection nozzle 53 for ejecting the fire extinguishing agent gas. The pressure relief port 61 is an opening for releasing the pressure in the test section 60 to the outside of the test section 60, and is provided on a wall, a ceiling, or the like constituting the test section 60.

The pipe 52 is a pipe for sending the fire extinguishing agent gas from the gas storage container 54 arranged outside the test compartment 60 into the test compartment 60. The pipe 52 may be provided with a flow rate control device 55 that controls the flow rate in the pipe. By doing so, the fire is extinguished by controlling one or both of the injection amount control of the fire extinguishing agent gas using the injection nozzle 53 and the flow rate control of the fire extinguishing agent gas in the pipe 52 using the flow rate control device 55. The release time of the agent gas can be controlled.

(Process of igniting ignition fuel)
Next, the ignition fuel is ignited. The method of igniting the ignition fuel is not particularly limited. The fire of the ignition fuel ignites the combustible material 20, and the combustion of the combustible material 20 starts. The ignition fuel is burnt down after the combustible material 20 continues to burn independently. After ignition of the ignition fuel, it is preferable to stop the ventilation in the test compartment 60, for example, 2 minutes, and close the door of the test compartment 60, for example, 2 minutes and 30 seconds.

(Process of releasing fire extinguishing agent gas)
Next, after the combustible material 20 starts burning, for example, 3 minutes after igniting the ignition fuel, the fire extinguishing agent gas is released into the test compartment 60. The fire extinguishing agent gas is discharged manually, for example, or automatically when the injection nozzle 53 or the like senses heat.

As the fire extinguishing agent gas, various fire extinguishing agent gases that can be used for extinguishing a fire can be used. An inert gas (inert gas) such as nitrogen gas or argon gas can be preferably used as a fire extinguishing agent gas because it has little adverse effect on the human body.

The fire extinguishing agent gas is preferably released at a pressure, an air volume, and a report that the fire of the combustible material 20 is not extinguished by the wind pressure of the extinguishing agent gas.

The fire extinguishing agent gas is stopped manually or automatically, for example, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the release. The case of automatic stop includes, for example, a case where the fire extinguishing agent gas stored in the gas storage container 54 is almost completely discharged. It is preferable that, for example, 90% or more of the amount of the fire extinguishing agent stored in the gas storage container 54 is released into the test compartment 60 between the time when the extinguishing agent gas is released and the time elapses.

(Process for confirming the extinguishing state of combustible material 20)
Next, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the release of the fire extinguishing agent gas (eg, after 2 minutes and 1 minute), the fire extinguishing state of the combustible material 20 is confirmed. The fire extinguishing state of the combustible material 20 is preferably confirmed, for example, after the release of the extinguishing agent gas has stopped (including the case where it can be considered that the extinguishing agent gas has almost stopped), and after the release of the extinguishing agent gas has stopped. It is more preferable to perform the procedure after a predetermined time has elapsed (for example, after 10 minutes have elapsed). It is preferable to ventilate the inside of the test compartment 60 before checking.

Checking the fire extinguishing state of the combustible material 20 means, for example, whether the combustible material 20 is sufficiently extinguished, that is, whether the combustion of the combustible material 20 is completely stopped, and the weight and temperature of the combustible material 20 are measured. , Visually confirming the presence or absence of flame in the combustible material 20. When measuring the weight of the combustible material 20, it is preferable to measure the weight of the combustible material 20 in advance before the step of arranging the fire model 1 or the step of igniting the ignition fuel. In this way, the weights of the combustibles 20 before and after combustion can be compared.

According to the fire model according to the embodiment described above and the performance evaluation method of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment using the same, the characteristics of the fire that can actually occur in the electric room or the communication machine room where the cable is arranged can be grasped. A fire model 1 that appropriately expresses this is provided. Therefore, if the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing equipment is evaluated for the fire model 1 according to the present embodiment, the fire extinguishing equipment is effective when a fire actually occurs in the electric room or the communication machine room where the cable is arranged. It is possible to objectively show sex.

[Other examples of the performance evaluation method of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment 50 according to the embodiment]
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of the performance evaluation method of the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment according to the embodiment. In FIG. 6, a part of the fire model 1 is transparently shown by a broken line. As shown in FIG. 6, a windbreak member 70 can be arranged in the test section 60 so as to surround the fire model 1. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the combustion of the combustible material 20 from stopping due to the wind pressure of the fire extinguishing agent gas. Therefore, it is possible to more appropriately evaluate how much the combustion of the combustible material 20 has been extinguished by the decrease in oxygen concentration itself.

For the windbreak member 70, for example, a member made of iron or stainless steel can be used.

The windbreak member 70 has, for example, a tubular first member and a tubular second member that is arranged on top of the first member. In this case, the fire model 1 can be arranged inside the cylinder, that is, in the space surrounded by the first member and the second member. However, in a plan view, the first member and the second member are out of alignment, that is, the upper surface opening of the first member arranged on the lower side does not completely overlap with the lower surface opening of the second member, which is sufficient. It is preferable that voids are formed. By doing so, the smoke generated by the combustion of the combustible material 20 can be released from the inside of the enclosure to the outside, and the enclosure is filled with the smoke, so that the decrease in the oxidation concentration can be suppressed. Further, the fire extinguishing agent gas can be sufficiently flowed into the enclosure from the side surface side of the fire model 1, for example.

Generally, as the scale of fire per unit volume (hereinafter referred to as "fire load"; unit W / M ³ ) increases, the oxygen concentration in the compartment decreases due to the combustion of combustibles itself. For this reason, it becomes easy to extinguish the fire in the section, and the fire extinguishing time of combustibles is shortened. Therefore, when conducting a performance evaluation experiment of gas-based fire extinguishing equipment, for example, adjust the number and length of cables 22 constituting the combustible material 20 so that the fire load does not become too large, and reduce the minimum fire load. It is preferable to use a fire model that has. Even in this way, the fire load in the protected area (eg, electrical room, communication machine room) where the fire extinguishing equipment is actually installed is generally larger than the fire load in the test area in the laboratory. Therefore, according to an experiment using a fire model, it is possible to sufficiently judge the effectiveness of fire extinguishing equipment against a fire in an actual protected area.

Although the embodiments have been described above, the configurations described in the claims are not limited by these explanations.

1 Fire model 10 Stand 20 Combustibles 22 Cable 22a Through hole 24 Bundling member 26 Connection part 30 Hanging member 40 Ignition device 50 Gas system fire extinguishing equipment 52 Piping 53 Injection nozzle 54 Gas storage container 55 Flow control device 60 Test section 61 Evacuation Mouth 70 Windbreak member

Claims (4)

With the gantry
A combustible material having a plurality of cables and one or more binding members for bundling the plurality of cables, and the plurality of cables radiating on the lower end side ,
A hanging member that suspends the combustible material from the gantry,
A fire model equipped with. The fire model according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cables each have a through hole on the upper end side, and a binding member is passed through the through hole. An ignition device having an ignition fuel, which is arranged below the combustible material, is provided.
The fire model according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the ignition fuel ignites the combustible material and is burnt down within a predetermined time after the combustible material continues to burn independently. The process of arranging the fire model according to claim 1 , 2 or 3 in the test section where the gas-based fire extinguishing equipment is installed, and
The process of igniting the combustible material and
A step of releasing a fire extinguishing agent gas into the test section after the combustion of the combustible material continues independently, and
A step of confirming the fire extinguishing state of the combustible material after a predetermined time has elapsed from the release of the fire extinguishing agent gas, and
Performance evaluation method for gas-based fire extinguishing equipment.

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