JP6985682B2 - Simple monitoring method for tunnel face - Google Patents

Description

The present invention belongs to the technical field of a simple monitoring method for a tunnel face, in which the behavior (state) of the tunnel face is quantitatively grasped by measuring the extrusion amount (displacement amount, also referred to as extrusion displacement) of the tunnel face.

In mountain tunnel construction, ensuring the stability of the tunnel face (hereinafter, sometimes simply abbreviated as face) is important for ensuring the safety of workers and ensuring quality and process.
Therefore, it is common for a face observer to check for visual abnormalities, but it is difficult to detect the amount of face extrusion at an early stage because visual monitoring is qualitative monitoring. , There may be variations in judgment due to human senses. In addition, since the response will be taken after the deformation is visually confirmed, there is a risk that the grace period for taking countermeasures will be limited.
Therefore, in recent years, instead of the qualitative monitoring or in addition to the qualitative monitoring, it is possible to establish a system for early preventive maintenance measures by quantitatively grasping the face behavior. The technique is disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

The invention according to Patent Document 1 has a face shape measuring step of measuring the shape of the tunnel face surface by measuring a plurality of stations on the tunnel face surface, and a tunnel face measured a plurality of times by the face shape measuring step. It is a tunnel face monitoring method including a face shape comparison step of comparing surface shapes and detecting displacement of the tunnel face surface.
Specifically, in the face shape measuring step, the laser beam emitted from the origin of the distance measuring means is sequentially irradiated to a plurality of stations on the tunnel face surface, and is reflected at the station on the tunnel face surface. To calculate the position data of the plurality of stations based on the distance measurement step in which the distance between the origin and the station is sequentially measured by detecting the laser beam at the origin and the measurement results of the distance measurement step. It includes a 3D data creation step of creating 3D data of the tunnel face surface (see the description of claim 1 and the like).

According to the tunnel face monitoring method according to Patent Document 1, it is acknowledged that a tunnel face monitoring method capable of easily and early measuring high-precision three-dimensional data of the tunnel face surface can be provided (). See paragraphs [0006] and [0019] of the specification).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-331363

However, since the tunnel face monitoring method according to Patent Document 1 is managed by coordinates so that FIG. 3 of Document 1 can be easily understood, coordinates corresponding to the entire surface of the face surface are input in advance as design data. It is necessary (for details, refer to paragraphs [0027] to [0029], etc.), and there is a problem that it is very complicated and time-consuming.
The coordinates are also preset and prepared, and are not based on actual measurement values that take into account, for example, climbing over, etc., in order to evaluate the stability of the ground in spite of the large-scale monitoring technology. There was a problem to be improved, such as the lack of reliability of the coordinates themselves.
Since the configuration is managed by preset coordinates, measurement errors are likely to occur in the actual extrusion amount of the face, and the coordinates of the peripheral edge of the face surface are common in long tunnels where changes in curves and slopes are commonplace. There was also a problem of lack of versatility, such as the possibility that there is no such thing.

The present invention has been devised in view of the above-mentioned problems of the background technology, and its purpose is to eliminate the need for coordinates, to save the trouble of data input associated therewith, and to carry out the work. by measuring the reasonable and accurate exact numbers based on real-time, which can grasp the behavior of the working face easily and quickly, it is to provide a simplified monitoring how the tunnel face.

As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems of the background technique, the simple monitoring method for the tunnel face according to the invention according to claim 1 irradiates the laser beam while swirling it in the horizontal direction and measures the distance to the irradiation point. It is a simple monitoring method for tunnel faces that monitors the amount of face extrusion with a horizontal monitoring measuring device equipped with a laser rangefinder.
(A) A process of installing the horizontal monitoring measuring device at an appropriate height level for monitoring the amount of extrusion of the face, and
(B) The laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device is swiveled in the horizontal direction to irradiate the inner surface of the tunnel with laser light, and the measurement result of the distance to the irradiation point at a predetermined height level on the inner surface of the tunnel is obtained. Based on the process of determining the left and right ends of the face,
(C) A step of setting a plurality of measurement points on a horizontal straight line within the range between the left and right ends of the determined face.
(D) The process of irradiating the laser beam while turning the laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device in the horizontal direction at a turning angle matching the measurement point and measuring the distance to the irradiation point of each measurement point is continuous. Repeated process and
(E) The steps (B) and (C) are performed according to the progress of excavation of the face, the measurement points are set again, and the step (D) is performed.
(F) It is characterized by comprising a step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face based on the displacement of real-time measurement data at the same measurement point in parallel with the steps of each (D).

The simple monitoring method for a tunnel face according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a measuring device for horizontal monitoring equipped with a laser range finder that irradiates a laser beam while swirling it in the horizontal direction and measures the distance to the irradiation point. A simple monitoring method for tunnel faces that monitors the amount of face extrusion in combination with a vertical monitoring measuring device equipped with a laser rangefinder that irradiates laser light while rotating it in the vertical direction and measures the distance to the irradiation point. And,
(A) A process of installing the horizontal monitoring measuring device at an appropriate height level for monitoring the amount of extrusion of the face, and
(B) The laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device is swiveled in the horizontal direction to irradiate the inner surface of the tunnel with laser light, and the measurement result of the distance to the irradiation point at a predetermined height level on the inner surface of the tunnel is obtained. Based on the process of determining the left and right ends of the face,
(C) A step of setting a plurality of measurement points on a horizontal straight line within the range between the left and right ends of the determined face.
(D) The process of irradiating the laser beam while turning the laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device in the horizontal direction at a turning angle matching the measurement point and measuring the distance to the irradiation point of each measurement point is continuous. Repeated process and
(E) The steps (B) and (C) are performed according to the progress of excavation of the face, the measurement points are set again, and the step (D) is performed.
(F) In parallel with each of the steps (D), a step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face based on the displacement of real-time measurement data at the same measurement point, a horizontal monitoring method of the tunnel face, and a method of horizontally monitoring the face.
(A) The process of installing the vertical monitoring measuring device at an appropriate site for monitoring the vertical line passing through the top of the face.
(B) A step of setting a plurality of measurement points within a range between the top end portion and the ground portion of the face in the vertical direction line, and a step of setting a plurality of measurement points.
(C) A step of irradiating laser light while rotating the laser rangefinder of the vertical monitoring measuring device in the vertical direction at a rotation angle matching the measurement point, and measuring the distance to the irradiation point of each measurement point. And the process of continuously repeating
(D) The step (b) is performed according to the progress of excavation of the face, the measurement point is set again, and the step (c) is performed.
(E) In parallel with each of the steps (c), the step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face based on the displacement of the real-time measurement data at the same measurement point and the vertical monitoring method of the tunnel face comprising the same period. It is characterized by doing so.

The invention according to claim 3 is the simple monitoring method for a tunnel face according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal monitoring measuring device is ½ or more between the spring line of the tunnel and the zenith. It is characterized by being installed on one side or both sides of the tunnel support at a height of 4/4 or less.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the simple monitoring method for the tunnel face according to the third aspect, when the horizontal monitoring measuring devices are installed on both sides of the tunnel support, the distances from the face are different from each other. It is characterized in that it is installed in the tunnel and the measurement by the horizontal monitoring measuring device is not interrupted even when one of the horizontal monitoring measuring devices is replaced.

The invention according to claim 5 is the simple monitoring method for a tunnel face according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the horizontal monitoring measuring device can be rotated and irradiated in the vertical direction as well. It is characterized in that the measurement points on the horizontal straight line are set in a plurality of steps.

The invention according to claim 6 is an alarm when the displacement of the extrusion amount of the face exceeds the set control reference value in the simple monitoring method for the tunnel face according to any one of claims 1 to 5. It is characterized by activating the means.

According to a simple monitoring how the tunnel face according to the present invention, and unnecessary coordinates, in addition to being able to save the trouble of the data input associated therewith, reasonable and highly accurate numerical values based on the actual construction in real time By measuring with accuracy, the behavior (state) of the face can be grasped quantitatively at an early stage easily.
Therefore, since the behavior of the face can be grasped easily and quantitatively at an early stage, it is possible to prepare a system for taking preventive maintenance measures at an earlier stage.
In addition, since coordinates are not required and the time and effort required for data input can be saved, for example, as shown schematically in FIGS. 12 and 13, changes in curves can be smoothly dealt with without time loss. Even the behavior (state) of a curved face can be grasped easily and early quantitatively.

It is a top view which showed the situation which measured the distance with the tunnel inner surface within a required range by the horizontal monitoring measuring apparatus used for the simple monitoring method of a tunnel face which concerns on this invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a situation in which the distance from the tunnel inner surface within a required range is measured by the horizontal monitoring measuring device. A is a plan view schematically showing a situation in which a plurality of set measurement points are measured by the horizontal monitoring measuring device, and B is a front view thereof. Regarding B, the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is omitted for convenience of illustration. FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing a situation in which the distance from the tunnel inner surface within a required range is measured by the horizontal monitoring measuring device at the stage where the excavation of the face is further advanced from the state of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a situation in which the distance from the tunnel inner surface within a required range is measured by the horizontal monitoring measuring device at the stage where the excavation of the face is further advanced from the state of FIG. A is a plan view schematically showing a situation in which a plurality of set measurement points are measured by the horizontal monitoring measuring device at the stage where the excavation of the face is further advanced from the state of FIG. It is the same front view. Regarding B, the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is omitted for convenience of illustration. It is a front view for demonstrating the installation part of the said horizontal monitoring measuring apparatus. It is a front view for demonstrating the simple monitoring method of the tunnel face which concerns on Example 2. FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the simple monitoring method of the tunnel face which concerns on Example 3. FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the simple monitoring method of the tunnel face which concerns on Example 3. FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the simple monitoring method of the tunnel face which concerns on Example 3. FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the operation effect of the simple monitoring method of a tunnel face which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the operation effect of the simple monitoring method of a tunnel face which concerns on this invention.

Will now be described with reference to examples of simple monitoring how the tunnel face according to the present invention with reference to the drawings.

In the simple monitoring method for the tunnel face according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 and the like, the laser beam L is irradiated while being swirled in the horizontal direction, and the distance to the irradiation point (the arrow point of the laser beam L) is measured. This is a simple monitoring method for a tunnel face 10 (hereinafter, may be simply abbreviated as "horizontal monitoring method") for monitoring the amount of extrusion of the face 10 by a horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 equipped with a laser range finder.
The horizontal monitoring method according to the first embodiment (the invention according to claim 1) is mainly performed by the following steps (A) to (F).

(A) First, a step of installing the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 at an appropriate height level for monitoring the extrusion amount of the face 10 is performed.

The measuring device 1 for horizontal monitoring according to this embodiment uses, for example, an arch-shaped tunnel support 11 (flange portion of H-shaped steel, etc.) in consideration of a space that does not interfere with the movement of the construction machine. (See Fig. 7). Specifically, it is installed on the tunnel support 11 which is separated from the tunnel face 10 by a predetermined distance (a distance at which the distance to the face 10 can be sufficiently measured) via a mounting member such as a bracket (omitted for convenience of illustration). Ru.
The appropriate height level to be attached to the tunnel support 11 is in the range of 1/2 or more and 3/4 or less between the spring line SL of the tunnel and the top end T, as schematically shown in FIG. It is installed on one side (right side in the illustrated example) of the tunnel support 11 at an arbitrary height in K (the invention according to claim 3). Of course, it may be installed on both the left and right sides of the tunnel support 11 and carried out, but this will be described later.
The significance of measuring the face 10 within the range K is that the displacement of the extrusion amount within this range K has the greatest influence on grasping (predicting) the collapse of the face 10.

(B) Next, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is swiveled in the horizontal direction to irradiate the inner surface of the tunnel with laser light L to irradiate the inner surface of the tunnel with laser light L. Based on the measurement result of the distance to the irradiation point of the predetermined height level H, the step of determining the left and right end positions (points E and C) of the face 10 is performed.

Here, the configuration of the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 will be described. The monitoring device 1 includes a laser range finder that measures the distance to the irradiation point by irradiating the inner surface of the tunnel of the face 10 with the laser light L and detecting the laser light L reflected at the irradiation point. and horizontal turning apparatus which enables stopping the horizontal rotation of the laser rangefinder, that have a control device for controlling the stopping and turning at any angle of the horizontal pivoting device.
In short, the horizontal monitoring measuring apparatus 1 is a laser rangefinder and freely pivotable arrangement in the horizontal direction, is irradiated at a pitch set sequentially laser beam L relative to the downhole face of the tunnel, including a working face 10, It is a device that can automatically measure the distance to the irradiation point in sequence. Of course, it is possible to provide a configuration that can rotate not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction, but this will be described later.
Although not shown, the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is linked (coordinated) with a computer for measurement control. This computer plays a role of remote control of the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 and arithmetic processing of data as needed. That is, a command is transmitted from the computer to the control device to control the horizontal monitoring measurement device 1.

The face 10 is based on the measurement result of the distance to each irradiation point at a predetermined height level (see the paragraph [0021] above) on the inner surface of the tunnel by the laser beam L while turning and controlling the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 having the above configuration. The process of determining the positions of both left and right ends of the is performed.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the determination of the left and right end positions of the face 10 is performed at a predetermined angle over a predetermined angle of about 225 degrees (points A to A') on the inner surface of the tunnel including the face 10, for example, in a horizontal range. Irradiation is performed sequentially every (0.5 degree pitch as an example), and the measurement is determined in real time or ex post facto based on the measured distance displacement to each irradiation point (particularly, the displacement of the distance from the adjacent irradiation point).
For example, when the measurement is performed at the required pitch with the point A as the start point and the point A'as the end point, the distance from the point A to the point B (right side of the measuring device 1 = shortest distance) is gradually shortened. Next, the distance from point B to point C (the right end point of the face 10) gradually increases. Next, the distance gradually decreases from the point C to the point D (the orthogonal distance to the face 10), and gradually increases from the point D to the point E (the left end point of the face 10). Then, the distance from the point E to the point F (just beside the left side of the measuring device 1) gradually decreases, and the distance from the point F to the point A'at the end point gradually increases. The left and right end positions (points E and C) of the face 10 are determined (specified) based on the distance characteristics of the inner surface of the tunnel.
In this embodiment, the irradiation is performed over a wide range of about 225 degrees, but of course, the irradiation is not limited to this, and it is sufficient if the positions of the left and right ends of the face 10 can be determined. It may be measured by sequentially irradiating (points a to a') at predetermined angles.

In this way, the significance of determining (identifying) the positions of the left and right ends of the face 10 is that the width of the face 10 is wider than the design width, and the width of the face 10 is curved to the left and right. Since the gradient often changes up and down, the width dimension of the face 10 at a predetermined height level, that is, the left and right end positions are measured in real time to accurately grasp the width dimension of the face. This is to accurately grasp the displacement (cumulative displacement, displacement speed) of the extrusion amount of the tunnel face 10 within the width dimension.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, as a result of specifying the positions of the left and right end positions (points E and C) of the face 10, it was found that the width dimension of the height level H of the face 10 is 11 m as an example. The width of the face 10 is usually around 10 m in many cases.

(C) Next, a step of setting a plurality of measurement points P on a horizontal straight line within the range between the left and right end positions of the determined face is performed.

In this embodiment, as an example, as shown in FIG. 3, points 1 m away from the left and right points E and C with respect to the width dimension of the face (11 m above) are set as the left and right ends of the irradiation points, and measurements are taken between them. Ten points P were set at equal intervals of 1 m pitch.
The measurement point P can be freely set (for example, 2 m, 1.5 m, 0.5 m, 0.1 m pitch) by the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 having the above configuration.
The measurement point P according to this embodiment is divided into equal parts with a pitch of 1 m in order to accurately grasp the displacement of the extrusion amount of the tunnel face 10 at an early stage. That is, compared to the case of measuring at a pitch larger than 1 m pitch, the distance between adjacent measurement points P and P is narrowed, the properties of the face 10 can be accurately grasped, and the case of measuring at a pitch smaller than 1 m pitch is possible. As the number of measurement points P decreases and the measurement time for one cycle from end to end of the face 10 becomes shorter, the number of measurements (measurement data) of the same measurement point P increases, and the face 10 This is because it is possible to accurately grasp the properties of.
The measurement point P is not in the best mode at a pitch of 1 m, but is measured at a pitch that is appropriately increased or decreased according to the properties of the face 10 at each site. Further, the measurement point P can be freely set by an angle equal division method in which the irradiation angle of the laser beam L is constant, instead of the distance equal division method as described above.

(D) Next, the laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is swirled in the horizontal direction at a swiveling angle matching the measuring point P to irradiate the laser beam L to the irradiation point of each measuring point P. A process of continuously repeating the process of measuring the distance is performed.
(F) Further, in parallel with the step (D), a step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face is performed based on the displacement of the real-time measurement data at the same measurement point P (at the same time).

In this embodiment, as described above, 10 measurement points are set on the face 10 having a width dimension of a predetermined height level H of 11 m at a pitch of 1 m. A measurement operation of irradiating each of these 10 measurement points P with a laser beam L having a controlled turning angle from one end to the other (for example, from the right end to the left end) is set as one cycle, and at least the next face excavation work is started. The amount of extrusion of the face 10 is monitored by continuously repeating a large number of cycles until.
According to the actual test by the applicants, the time required for one cycle process was only 2 to 3 minutes. By repeating this continuously for a large number of cycles until at least the next (usually, the next day) face excavation work is started, a huge amount of measurement data every 2 to 3 minutes can be obtained at the same measurement point P. Based on the enormous amount of measurement data at the same measurement point P every 2 to 3 minutes, the behavior of the face 10 can be quantitatively and accurately grasped.
For example, the displacement speed (mm / min) and cumulative displacement of the extrusion amount at the same measurement point P can be known from the measurement data, and these are compared with the preset control reference values to predict the possibility of the face 10 collapsing. ..
By the way, in this embodiment, when the displacement speed of the extrusion amount becomes remarkably large and the control standard value is exceeded, an alarm means such as blinking the patrol lamp and sounding the siren is activated to pay attention to the worker. It is carried out with a configuration that arouses (the invention according to claim 6). Such an alarm means can be implemented in a configuration that can be transmitted to a field office outside the tunnel, or a mobile phone such as a construction manager or a monitoring staff.

(E) Next, the steps (B) and (C) are performed according to the excavation progress of the face 10, the measurement points are set again, and the steps (D) and (F) are performed.

In short, the above-mentioned horizontal monitoring method is continuously performed on the face 20 at which the tunnel is dug, and further, although not shown, the face excavated after that. Every time 1 to 1.5 m is dug in one excavation work, as shown schematically in FIGS. 4 and 5, a step of determining the left and right end positions of the face 10 according to the above (B) is performed (details). Refers to paragraph [0024]), and then, as shown in FIG. 6, a step of resetting the measurement point P according to (C) above to a horizontal straight line is performed (see paragraph [0027] for details). Then, for the reset measurement point P, the step of measuring the distance to the irradiation point according to the above (D) is repeated, and in parallel with the step (D), the face 20 according to the above (F) is extruded. The process of monitoring the quantity is carried out (see paragraph [0029] for details).

As described above, according to the simple monitoring method of the tunnel face according to the first embodiment, the coordinates are not required, the time and effort of data input associated therewith can be saved, and the accurate numerical value based on the implementation work can be obtained. By measuring in real time with rational and high accuracy, the behavior (state) of the face can be grasped quantitatively at an early stage easily.
Therefore, since the behavior of the face can be grasped easily and quantitatively at an early stage, it is possible to prepare a system for taking preventive maintenance measures at an earlier stage.
Further, according to the simple monitoring method for the tunnel face according to the first embodiment, the coordinates are not required and the time and effort for data input associated therewith can be saved. Therefore, for example, FIGS. 12 and 13 are schematically shown. As described above, it is possible to smoothly respond to changes in the curve without time loss, and even the behavior (state) of the curved faces 30A and 30B can be grasped easily and early quantitatively.

Next, Example 2 (the invention described in claim 2) will be described.
The simple monitoring method for the tunnel face according to the second embodiment is different in that a vertical monitoring method is newly introduced in addition to the horizontal monitoring method using the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 according to the first embodiment.
The monitoring method according to the second embodiment is mainly performed by the following steps (a) to (e) at the same time as the horizontal monitoring method according to the first embodiment. The description of the horizontal monitoring method according to the first embodiment is omitted because it is as described above.

(A) First, a step of installing a measuring device for vertical monitoring at an appropriate part for monitoring a vertical line passing through the top end T of the face is performed.

In the second embodiment, the same type of measuring device as the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 described in the first embodiment is adopted as the vertical monitoring measuring device, and the measuring device is installed on a mounting member such as a bracket in a sideways posture. By doing so, it became a measuring device for vertical monitoring.
This measuring device for vertical monitoring considers a space that does not interfere with the movement of construction machines, and uses, for example, an arch-shaped tunnel support 11 (such as the flange of H-shaped steel) at the top. It is installed in T (see FIG. 7). Specifically, the laser rangefinder passes through the top end T of the tunnel support 11 which is separated from the tunnel face 10 by a predetermined distance (a distance at which the distance to the face 10 can be sufficiently measured). It is installed via a mounting member such as a bracket so as to irradiate the vertical line.
The configuration of this vertical monitoring measuring device is the same as that of the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1, and the command input by the computer is communicated to the control device to control the vertical monitoring measuring device. (For details, see the paragraph [0023] above).
The significance of measuring the vertical line passing through the top end T is that the instability phenomenon of the face 10 is classified into three categories: skin drop, small collapse, and collapse, and most of them are the top end T of the tunnel. This is because there is a fact that is caused by the accident of.
The vertical monitoring measuring device according to the second embodiment uses the same type of measuring device as the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 in consideration of handleability (operability) and economy, but is of course limited to this. Sarezu, vertical direction measuring apparatus and having a laser distance meter configuration which rotates, can pivot in a horizontal direction, similarly implemented in the measurement equipment provided with a laser rangefinder vertically may pivot structure can.

(B) Next, a step of setting a plurality of measurement points P within the range between the top end portion and the ground portion of the face in the vertical direction line is performed (see FIG. 8).

In this vertical monitoring method, it is sufficient to monitor the vertical line, especially the top end portion T, and it is not particularly necessary to determine the left and right boundaries of the face 10 as in the step (B) of the first embodiment. After installing the vertical monitoring measuring device, the work of immediately setting a plurality of measuring points P on the vertical line is performed.

In this embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 8, six measurement points P are set at equal intervals of 1 m pitch.
The measurement point P can be freely set and can be set by the angle equal division method, which is the same as that of the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 according to the first embodiment. However, in this vertical monitoring method, it is sufficient to monitor the top end T and its vicinity, so it is preferable to set the pitch smaller than the 1 m pitch.

(C) Next, the laser range finder of the vertical monitoring measuring device is irradiated with the laser beam L while rotating in the vertical direction at a rotation angle matching the measurement point P, to the irradiation point of each measurement point P. A process of continuously repeating the process of measuring the distance of the laser is performed.
(E) Further, in parallel with the step (c), a step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face 10 based on the displacement of the real-time measurement data at the same measurement point P is performed.

In this embodiment, the measurement work of irradiating each of the six measurement points P with the laser beam L whose rotation angle is controlled from one end to the other (for example, from the upper end to the lower end) is set as one cycle, and at least the next face is faced. The amount of extrusion of the face 10 is monitored by continuously repeating a large number of cycles until the excavation work is started.
According to the actual test by the applicants, the time required for one cycle process was only about 2 minutes. If this is repeated continuously for a large number of cycles until at least the next (usually the next day) face excavation work is started, a really huge amount of measurement data can be obtained at the same measurement point P about every 2 minutes. Based on the enormous amount of measurement data at the same measurement point P about every 2 minutes, the behavior of the face 10, especially the top end portion T, is quantitatively and accurately grasped.
For example, the displacement speed (mm / min) and cumulative displacement of the extrusion amount at the same measurement point P can be known from the measurement data, and these are compared with the preset control reference values to predict the possibility of the face 10 collapsing. ..
By the way, in this embodiment, when the displacement speed of the extrusion amount becomes remarkably large and the control standard value is exceeded, an alarm means such as blinking the patrol lamp and sounding the siren is activated to pay attention to the worker. It is carried out with a configuration that arouses (the invention according to claim 6). Such an alarm means can be implemented in a configuration that can be transmitted to a field office outside the tunnel, or a mobile phone such as a construction manager or a monitoring staff.

(D) Next, the step (b) is performed according to the excavation progress of the face 10, the measurement points are set again, and the steps (c) and (e) are performed.

In short, the above-mentioned vertical monitoring method is continuously performed on the face 20 at which the tunnel is dug, and further, although not shown, the face excavated after that. Every time 1 to 1.5 m is dug in one excavation work, the step of resetting the measurement point P according to the above (b) on the vertical line is performed. Then, for the reset measurement point P, the step of measuring the distance to the irradiation point according to the above (c) is repeated, and in parallel with the step (c), the face 20 according to the above (e) is extruded. The process of monitoring the quantity is carried out.

As described above, according to the simple monitoring method for the tunnel face according to the second embodiment, the vertical monitoring method including the top end T in addition to the action and effect according to the first embodiment (see the paragraph [0032]). Can also be done at the same time.
Therefore, as compared with the first embodiment, the behavior (state) of the face can be quantitatively grasped more accurately and at an early stage. In addition, since it is possible to respond smoothly to changes in the gradient, even the behavior of a face having a gradient can be easily and quickly quantitatively grasped.

9 to 11 schematically show variations of the horizontal monitoring method according to the first and second embodiments. According to the horizontal monitoring method according to the third embodiment, continuous measurement work can be realized even at the time of so-called refilling, in which the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is moved forward.

That is, in the horizontal monitoring method of the third embodiment, as shown stepwise in FIGS. 9 to 11, the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is provided on both sides of the tunnel support 11 within the range K (see FIG. 7). In addition, the distances from the face 10 are set so as to be different from each other (see the reference numeral M in the figure, for example, about 10 m), and when the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 (on the left side in the illustrated example) is replaced, the other is horizontal. By operating the monitoring measuring device 1, the measurement work by the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is not interrupted (the invention according to claim 4).
Incidentally, reference numeral 2 in the drawing indicates a mounting member such as a bracket, and reference numeral N indicates a limit value of about 40 m of measurement accuracy of the laser range finder.
The distances indicated by the reference numerals M and N can be appropriately redesigned according to the performance of the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 (laser rangefinder), the form of the tunnel (presence or absence of a curve), and the like.

According to the simple monitoring method of the tunnel face according to the third embodiment, in addition to the effects according to the first and second embodiments (see the paragraphs [0032] and [0043]), the horizontal monitoring measuring device 1 is replaced. Regardless of the time, the front faces 10A, 20A, etc. can always be continuously monitored, and the behavior of the face faces 10A, 20A, etc. can be quantitatively grasped easily and early.

As mentioned in the explanation of the second embodiment (see the last sentence of the above paragraph [0035]), the measuring device provided with the laser distance meter having a configuration that can rotate in the horizontal direction and also in the vertical direction will be described in detail. Although not shown, this measuring device that can freely move in the horizontal and vertical directions (hereinafter, simply referred to as a measuring device for horizontal monitoring) irradiates the inner surface of a tunnel such as a face 10 with a laser beam L and reflects it at an irradiation point. A laser distance meter that measures the distance to the irradiation point by detecting the laser light L, a horizontal turning device that enables horizontal turning and stopping of the laser distance meter, and the laser distance meter. A vertical rotation device that enables vertical rotation and stop, a control device that controls turning and stopping of the horizontal rotation device at an arbitrary angle, and an arbitrary angle of the vertical rotation device. It is carried out in a configuration including a control device for controlling the rotation and stopping of the.
According to the horizontal monitoring measuring device, not only can the irradiation be controlled by turning in the horizontal direction, but also the irradiation can be performed by controlling the rotation in the vertical direction. Therefore, the measurement point P on the horizontal straight line is, for example, FIG. Within the range K of, it is possible to set a plurality of steps (for example, three steps) and acquire the measurement data of the measurement point P on the horizontal straight line related to the three steps.
As described above, the time required for one cycle process for one stage is only 2 to 3 minutes, so even if the number is increased to three stages, the time required for one cycle process is less than 10 minutes. Therefore, if this is repeated for a large number of cycles continuously until at least the next (usually the next day) face excavation work is started, sufficient measurement data can be obtained to quantitatively grasp the behavior of the face 10 and the like. Can be done.

Therefore, according to the simple monitoring method of the tunnel face according to the fourth embodiment, in addition to the effects according to the first and second embodiments (see the paragraphs [0032] and [0043]), the accuracy is in a wider range. Well, the behavior of the face 10 and the like can be grasped quantitatively easily and early.

Although Examples 1 to 4 have been described above with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to this, and includes a range of design changes and application variations normally performed by those skilled in the art within a range not deviating from the technical idea thereof. I will mention it just in case.

1 Horizontal monitoring measuring device L Laser light 10 Face P Measurement point 20 Face 11 Tunnel support T Top SL Spring line 10A Face 20A Face 2 Bracket (mounting member)
30A face 30B face

Claims (6)

It is a simple monitoring method for tunnel faces that monitors the amount of face extrusion by a horizontal monitoring measuring device equipped with a laser rangefinder that irradiates laser light while swirling in the horizontal direction and measures the distance to the irradiation point.
(A) A process of installing the horizontal monitoring measuring device at an appropriate height level for monitoring the amount of extrusion of the face, and
(B) The laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device is swiveled in the horizontal direction to irradiate the inner surface of the tunnel with laser light, and the measurement result of the distance to the irradiation point at a predetermined height level on the inner surface of the tunnel is obtained. Based on the process of determining the left and right ends of the face,
(C) A step of setting a plurality of measurement points on a horizontal straight line within the range between the left and right ends of the determined face.
(D) The process of irradiating the laser beam while turning the laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device in the horizontal direction at a turning angle matching the measurement point and measuring the distance to the irradiation point of each measurement point is continuous. Repeated process and
(E) The steps (B) and (C) are performed according to the progress of excavation of the face, the measurement points are set again, and the step (D) is performed.
(F) In parallel with each of the steps (D), a step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face based on the displacement of real-time measurement data at the same measurement point, and a step of monitoring.
A simple monitoring method for tunnel faces, characterized by consisting of. A measuring device for horizontal monitoring equipped with a laser distance meter that irradiates while swirling the laser beam in the horizontal direction and measures the distance to the irradiation point, and irradiates while rotating the laser beam in the vertical direction to the irradiation point. It is a simple monitoring method for tunnel faces that monitors the amount of face extrusion in combination with a measuring device for vertical monitoring equipped with a laser distance meter that measures distance.
(A) A process of installing the horizontal monitoring measuring device at an appropriate height level for monitoring the amount of extrusion of the face, and
(B) The laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device is swiveled in the horizontal direction to irradiate the inner surface of the tunnel with laser light, and the measurement result of the distance to the irradiation point at a predetermined height level on the inner surface of the tunnel is obtained. Based on the process of determining the left and right ends of the face,
(C) A step of setting a plurality of measurement points on a horizontal straight line within the range between the left and right ends of the determined face.
(D) The process of irradiating the laser beam while turning the laser range finder of the horizontal monitoring measuring device in the horizontal direction at a turning angle matching the measurement point and measuring the distance to the irradiation point of each measurement point is continuous. Repeated process and
(E) The steps (B) and (C) are performed according to the progress of excavation of the face, the measurement points are set again, and the step (D) is performed.
(F) In parallel with each of the steps (D), a step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face based on the displacement of real-time measurement data at the same measurement point, and a step of monitoring.
Horizontal monitoring method of tunnel face consisting of, and
(A) The process of installing the vertical monitoring measuring device at an appropriate site for monitoring the vertical line passing through the top of the face.
(B) A step of setting a plurality of measurement points within a range between the top end portion and the ground portion of the face in the vertical direction line, and a step of setting a plurality of measurement points.
(C) A step of irradiating laser light while rotating the laser rangefinder of the vertical monitoring measuring device in the vertical direction at a rotation angle matching the measurement point, and measuring the distance to the irradiation point of each measurement point. And the process of continuously repeating
(D) The step (b) is performed according to the progress of excavation of the face, the measurement point is set again, and the step (c) is performed.
(E) In parallel with each of the steps (c), a step of monitoring the extrusion amount of the face based on the displacement of real-time measurement data at the same measurement point, and
A simple method for monitoring a tunnel face, which is characterized by performing a vertical monitoring method for a tunnel face consisting of the same period. The horizontal monitoring measuring device is characterized in that it is installed on one side or both sides of the tunnel support at a height of 1/2 or more and 3/4 or less between the spring line of the tunnel and the zenith. The simple monitoring method for a tunnel face according to claim 1 or 2. When installing the horizontal monitoring measuring device on both sides of the tunnel support, install it so that the distance from the face is different from each other, and measure with the horizontal monitoring measuring device even when replacing one of the horizontal monitoring measuring devices. The simple monitoring method for a tunnel face according to claim 3, wherein the tunnel face is configured to be uninterrupted. Any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the horizontal monitoring measuring device is configured to be capable of irradiating by controlling rotation in the vertical direction as well, and the measurement points on the horizontal straight line are set in a plurality of steps. The simple monitoring method for the tunnel face described in item 1. The simple monitoring method for a tunnel face according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an alarm means is activated when the displacement of the extrusion amount of the face exceeds a set control reference value.

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