JP6966670B2 - 排気ガス後処理システム及び内燃機関 - Google Patents
排気ガス後処理システム及び内燃機関 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6966670B2 JP6966670B2 JP2017067169A JP2017067169A JP6966670B2 JP 6966670 B2 JP6966670 B2 JP 6966670B2 JP 2017067169 A JP2017067169 A JP 2017067169A JP 2017067169 A JP2017067169 A JP 2017067169A JP 6966670 B2 JP6966670 B2 JP 6966670B2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 227
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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- F01N3/2093—Periodically blowing a gas through the converter, e.g. in a direction opposite to exhaust gas flow or by reversing exhaust gas flow direction
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
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- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
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- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
2 排気ガス過給システム
3 排気ガス後処理システム
4 排気ガスターボチャージャ
5 排気ガスターボチャージャ
6 高圧タービン
7 低圧タービン
8 排気ガス供給ライン
9 SCR触媒コンバータ
10 反応器チャンバ
11 排気ガス排出ライン
12 バイパス
13 遮断素子
14 排気ガスガイド
15 端部
16 導入装置
17 注入円錐
18 混合セクション
19 壁
20 邪魔板素子
21 ライン
22 一側
23 一側
24 一側
25 熱交換器
Claims (13)
- 内燃機関の排気ガス後処理システム(3)、すなわち内燃機関のSCR排気ガス後処理システムであって、
反応器チャンバ(10)内に受けられるSCR触媒コンバータ(9)と、
前記反応器チャンバ(10)にひいては前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)へ案内する排気ガス供給ライン(8)と、
前記反応器チャンバ(10)からひいては前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)から離間するように案内する排気ガス排出ライン(11)と、
還元剤、特にアンモニアまたはアンモニア前駆物質を排気ガス内に導入するために前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)に配置された導入装置(16)と、
前記反応器チャンバ(10)または前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の上流側で排気ガスを還元剤と混合するために、前記導入装置(16)の下流側において前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)によって設けられた混合セクション(18)と、
熱交換器(25)であって、当該熱交換器を用いて、排気ガスの熱エネルギーを前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の下流側にある排気ガスから前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の上流側にある排気ガスへ伝達させる、熱交換器と、
を備え、
前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)及び前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)が、前記反応器チャンバ(10)の一側(24)において連結接続されており、
前記排気ガス供給ライン及び前記排気ガス排出ラインのうちの一方が、熱交換器(25)を形成するセクションにおいて、前記排気ガス供給ライン及び前記排気ガス排出ラインのうちの他方を囲んでいることを特徴とする排気ガス後処理システム。 - 内燃機関の排気ガス後処理システム(3)、すなわち内燃機関のSCR排気ガス後処理システムであって、
反応器チャンバ(10)内に受けられるSCR触媒コンバータ(9)と、
前記反応器チャンバ(10)にひいては前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)へ案内する排気ガス供給ライン(8)と、
前記反応器チャンバ(10)からひいては前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)から離間するように案内する排気ガス排出ライン(11)と、
還元剤、特にアンモニアまたはアンモニア前駆物質を排気ガス内に導入するために前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)に配置された導入装置(16)と、
前記反応器チャンバ(10)または前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の上流側で排気ガスを還元剤と混合するために、前記導入装置(16)の下流側において前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)によって設けられた混合セクション(18)と、
熱交換器(25)であって、当該熱交換器を用いて、排気ガスの熱エネルギーを前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の下流側にある排気ガスから前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の上流側にある排気ガスへ伝達させる、熱交換器と、
を備え、
前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)が、前記反応器チャンバ(10)の一側(24)に隣接して前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)を囲んでおり、
前記一側において、前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)及び前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)双方が、外側にあるセクションで接続されていることを特徴とする排気ガス後処理システム。 - 熱交換器内の圧力が、少なくとも0.2MPa、有利には少なくとも0.3MPa、最も有利には0.4MPaであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 熱交換器が、排気ガス過給機付燃焼機関の少なくとも1つのタービンの上流側に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)が、セクションで、前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)を同心状に囲んでいることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)が、外側から見ると、前記混合セクション(18)の領域で前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)を囲んでいることを特徴とする請求項2または5に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)のうち前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)のセクションによって囲まれたセクションが、前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)の流動方向で見ると、還元剤を排気ガス内に導入するための前記導入装置(16)の下流側に位置付けられていることを特徴とする請求項2、5または6に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の長さと前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)のうち排気ガスが前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の上流側で循環するセクションの長さとの比が、少なくとも1:5、好ましくは少なくとも1:8、最も好ましくは少なくとも1:10であることを特徴とする請求項2、5、6または7に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)のうち排気ガスが前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の上流側で循環するセクションが、一方では、前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)によって囲まれており、他方では、前記反応器チャンバ(10)内に延在していることを特徴とする請求項2、5、6、7または8に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 前記反応器チャンバ(10)及び/または前記排気ガス排出ライン(11)及び/または前記排気ガス供給ライン(8)が、排気ガスの流動方向で見ると、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(9)の下流側にある排気ガスに関する流動横断面が漸減する態様で、形作られていることを特徴とする請求項2、5、6、7、8または9に記載の排気ガス後処理システム。
- 内燃機関(1)、特にディーゼル燃料を用いてまたは重油を用いて動作される内燃機関であって、
請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の排気ガス後処理システム(3)を有することを特徴とする内燃機関。 - 少なくとも1つの排気ガスターボチャージャ(4)を有する排気ガス過給システム(2)を備え、
前記排気ガス後処理システム(3)が、当該内燃機関のシリンダと前記排気ガス過給システム(2)との間に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の内燃機関。 - 高圧タービン(6)を備える第1排気ガスターボチャージャ(4)と低圧タービン(7)を備える第2排気ガスターボチャージャ(5)とを有する多段の排気ガス過給システム(2)を備え、
前記排気ガス後処理システム(3)が、前記高圧タービン(6)と前記低圧タービン(7)との間に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の内燃機関。
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