JP6963963B2 - Method of determining the availability of earth and sand - Google Patents
Method of determining the availability of earth and sand Download PDFInfo
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- JP6963963B2 JP6963963B2 JP2017202434A JP2017202434A JP6963963B2 JP 6963963 B2 JP6963963 B2 JP 6963963B2 JP 2017202434 A JP2017202434 A JP 2017202434A JP 2017202434 A JP2017202434 A JP 2017202434A JP 6963963 B2 JP6963963 B2 JP 6963963B2
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Description
本発明は、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるか否かを判定する土砂の利用可否判定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for determining the availability of earth and sand for determining whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement.
ソイルセメント工法は、現地発生土砂を構造物の構築材料に活用するため、環境、コスト、工期などに寄与する工法である。構造物の構築材料に使用する土砂は、構造物の安定性を確保するためセメントの水和反応により固化または硬化させる。ただし、現地発生土砂によっては固化または硬化しなく、固化または硬化しても所定の強度が得られない場合がある。これは、土砂中に含まれる成分や土砂の状態が採取される場所によって異なるためであると思われる。土に含まれる成分などを分析する土壌の分析・診断システムが特許文献１：特開平０９−１７８７３５号公報に記載されている。 The soil cement method is a method that contributes to the environment, cost, construction period, etc. because it utilizes locally generated earth and sand as a construction material for structures. The earth and sand used as the construction material of the structure is solidified or hardened by the hydration reaction of cement to ensure the stability of the structure. However, depending on the locally generated earth and sand, it may not solidify or harden, and even if it solidifies or hardens, the specified strength may not be obtained. It is thought that this is because the components contained in the soil and the condition of the soil differ depending on the place where the soil is collected. A soil analysis / diagnosis system for analyzing components contained in soil is described in Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-178735.
特許文献１に記載されている土壌中の成分を分析する方法や分析装置によって採取した土砂の成分を分析したとしても、同じような成分、成分量の土砂でも強度発現する土砂と、セメントの水和反応を阻害して固化または硬化しにくい土砂がある。このため、土砂の成分を分析しただけでは、ソイルセメント材料に利用可能な土砂であるかを判別することはできない。
Even if the components of the earth and sand collected by the method for analyzing the components in the soil or the analyzer described in
そこで本発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるか否かを判定する土砂の利用可否判定方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the availability of earth and sand for determining whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement. ..
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明の土砂の利用可否判定方法は次の構成を備える。すなわち本発明は、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるか否かを判定する土砂の利用可否判定方法であって、前記土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量を求め、求められた前記微生物の生菌数量と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値とを比較する工程と、前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値以下である場合は、前記土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定し、前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値より大きい場合は、前記土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する工程と、を含み、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値は、複数の前記土砂を用いて作製された複数の供試体の一軸圧縮強度を測定する工程と、前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記微生物の生菌数量との相関関係を得る工程と、前記相関関係を得る工程で得られた前記相関関係に基づいて、前記ソイルセメントとして要求される一軸圧縮強度に対応する前記微生物の生菌数量を前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値として定めていることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for determining the availability of earth and sand of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the present invention is a use permission judging process of sediment determines whether the sediment available to soil cement, seek viable quantities of microorganisms contained in the sediment, the microorganisms obtained The step of comparing the viable cell quantity with the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, which is a criterion for determining the availability of the earth and sand, and the viable cell quantity of the microorganism are the threshold of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism. If it is less than or equal to the value, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for soil cement, and if the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is larger than the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism , the earth and sand is soil. seen including a step of determining not available to the cement, the threshold of the viable cell number of said microorganism comprises the steps of measuring the unconfined compressive strength of a plurality of specimens is manufactured using a plurality of the soil And, based on the step of obtaining the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the viable cell quantity of the microorganism and the correlation obtained in the step of obtaining the correlation, the uniaxial required as the soil cement. It is characterized in that the viable cell quantity of the microorganism corresponding to the compression strength is set as a threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism.
本発明の構成によれば、土砂をソイルセメントに利用可能であるか否かを判定することができ、土砂、セメントおよび水を混合した場合に、混合物が固化または硬化するか否かを判定することができる。また、ソイルセメントとして要求される一軸圧縮強度を満足しているか否かを、微生物の生菌数量を測定することにより判定することができる。また、採取される現場ごとに、一軸圧縮強度と微生物の生菌数量との相関関係が異なっていても、採取される現場に特有の正確なしきい値を設定することができる。そしてこれにより、採取される現場において、採取される箇所ごとに微生物の生菌数量が異なっていても、採取された土砂がソイルセメントに利用可能であるか否かを判定することができる。According to the configuration of the present invention, it can be determined whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement, and whether or not the mixture solidifies or hardens when the earth and sand, cement and water are mixed. be able to. Further, it can be determined whether or not the uniaxial compressive strength required for soil cement is satisfied by measuring the viable cell quantity of microorganisms. Further, even if the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength and the viable cell quantity of microorganisms is different for each sampling site, it is possible to set an accurate threshold value peculiar to the sampling site. As a result, it is possible to determine whether or not the collected earth and sand can be used for soil cement even if the viable quantity of microorganisms differs depending on the collection site at the collection site.
また、本発明は、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるか否かを判定する土砂の利用可否判定方法であって、前記土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量を求め、求められた前記微生物の生菌数量と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値とを比較する工程と、前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値以下である場合は、前記土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定し、前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値より大きい場合は、前記土砂は、前記ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する工程と、前記土砂の含水比を求め、求められた前記含水比と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記含水比のしきい値とを比較する工程と、前記土砂の粒度を求め、求められた前記粒度と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記粒度のしきい値とを比較する工程と、前記含水比および前記粒度が、前記含水比のしきい値および前記粒度のしきい値以下である場合は、前記土砂は、前記ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定し、前記含水比および前記粒度のうち少なくとも一つが、前記含水比のしきい値および前記粒度のしきい値より大きい場合は、前記土砂は、前記ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する工程と、を含み、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値、前記含水比のしきい値および前記粒度のしきい値は、複数の前記土砂を用いて作製された複数の供試体の一軸圧縮強度を測定する工程と、前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記微生物の生菌数量との相関関係、前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記含水比との相関関係、前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記粒度との相関関係を得る工程と、前記相関関係を得る工程で得られた前記相関関係に基づいて、前記ソイルセメントとして要求される一軸圧縮強度に対応する前記微生物の生菌数量、前記含水比および前記粒度を、それぞれ前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値、前記含水比のしきい値、前記粒度のしきい値として定めていることを特徴とする。 Further, the present invention is a method for determining the availability of earth and sand for determining whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement. The step of comparing the viable cell quantity of the above-mentioned soil with the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, which is a criterion for determining the availability of the soil, and the viable cell quantity of the microorganism are the same as the viable cell quantity of the microorganism. If it is equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for soil cement, and if the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is larger than the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, the earth and sand is: The step of determining that the soil cement is not usable, the obtained water content ratio of the earth and sand, and the threshold value of the water content ratio as a reference for determining the availability of the earth and sand are set. The step of comparing, the step of determining the grain size of the earth and sand, and the step of comparing the obtained grain size with the threshold value of the grain size as a reference for determining the availability of the earth and sand, and the water content ratio and the grain size are If it is equal to or less than the threshold value of the water content ratio and the threshold value of the particle size, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for the soil cement, and at least one of the water content ratio and the particle size is said. A threshold for viable cell count of the microorganism, which comprises a step of determining that the earth and sand is not available for the soil cement if it is greater than the water content threshold and the particle size threshold. The water content ratio threshold and the particle size threshold are determined by a step of measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of a plurality of specimens prepared by using a plurality of the earth and sand, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the microorganism. Correlation with the viable cell quantity, the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the water content ratio, the step of obtaining the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the particle size, and the step of obtaining the correlation. Based on the correlation obtained in the above, the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, the water content ratio and the particle size corresponding to the uniaxial compressive strength required for the soil cement are set as the threshold values of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism. , The water content ratio threshold value and the particle size threshold value are defined .
この構成によれば、土砂をソイルセメントに利用可能であるか否かを判定することができ、土砂、セメントおよび水を混合した場合に、混合物が固化または硬化して所定の強度が得られるか否かを判定することができる。また、ソイルセメントとして要求される一軸圧縮強度を満足しているか否かを、含水比、粒度、微生物の生菌数量を測定することにより、判定することができる。また、採取される現場ごとに、一軸圧縮強度と含水比、粒度、微生物の生菌数量との相関関係が異なっていても、採取される現場に特有の正確なしきい値を設定することができる。そしてこれにより、採取される現場において、採取される箇所ごとに含水比、粒度、微生物の生菌数量が異なっていても、採取された土砂がソイルセメントに利用可能であるか否かを判定することができる。 According to this configuration, it is possible to determine whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement, and when the earth and sand, cement and water are mixed, whether the mixture solidifies or hardens to obtain a predetermined strength. It can be determined whether or not. Further, it can be determined whether or not the uniaxial compressive strength required for soil cement is satisfied by measuring the water content ratio, the particle size, and the viable cell quantity of microorganisms. In addition, even if the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength and the water content ratio, particle size, and viable cell quantity of microorganisms is different for each sampling site, it is possible to set an accurate threshold value peculiar to the sampling site. .. As a result, it is determined whether or not the collected earth and sand can be used for soil cement even if the water content ratio, particle size, and viable cell quantity of microorganisms are different for each collection site at the collection site. Can be
本発明に係る土砂の利用可否判定方法によれば、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるか否かを判定することができる。 According to the method for determining the availability of earth and sand according to the present invention, it is possible to determine whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement.
以下、図面を参照して、本実施形態に係る土砂の利用可否判定方法を詳細に説明する。図１、図２、図３に本実施形態に係る土砂の利用可否判定方法のフローチャートの一例を示す。本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法は、採取される土砂とセメントを混ぜて得られるソイルセメントが、必要な特性を備えるか否か、すなわち、採取される土砂が、ソイルセメントとして利用可能であるか否かを判定する方法である。 Hereinafter, the method for determining the availability of earth and sand according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show an example of a flowchart of the method for determining the availability of earth and sand according to the present embodiment. The method for determining the availability of earth and sand in the present embodiment is whether or not the soil cement obtained by mixing the collected earth and sand and cement has the necessary characteristics, that is, the collected earth and sand can be used as the soil cement. It is a method of determining whether or not there is.
ソイルセメントは、土砂をセメントと混ぜて水和反応させ、固化または硬化させたものであり、構造物などに利用することができる。しかし、土砂によっては所定の特性が得られない場合、すなわち、セメントと混合しても固化または硬化しない土砂があり、図１に示す利用可否判定方法が適用され、ソイルセメントの材料として利用可能であるか否かを判断される。 Soil cement is made by mixing earth and sand with cement and hydrating it to solidify or harden it, and it can be used for structures and the like. However, depending on the earth and sand, if the specified characteristics cannot be obtained, that is, there are earth and sand that do not solidify or harden even when mixed with cement, the availability determination method shown in FIG. 1 is applied, and it can be used as a material for soil cement. It is judged whether or not there is.
本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法は、土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量を求め、求められた微生物の生菌数量と、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる微生物の生菌数量のしきい値とを比較する工程（Ｓ１０１）を含む。そして、微生物の生菌数量が、しきい値以下である場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定する（Ｓ１１１）。一方、微生物の生菌数量が、しきい値より大きい場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する（Ｓ１１２）。これにより、土砂、セメントおよび水を混合した場合に、混合物が固化または硬化するか否かということがわかり、土砂をソイルセメントに利用することが可能であるか否かを判定することができる。 Availability determining process of sediment present embodiment obtains the viable number of microorganisms contained in the sediment, and the viable cell number of microorganisms found viable cell number of microorganisms as a reference determining the availability of sediment Includes a step (S101) of comparing with the threshold value of. Then, when the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for soil cement (S111). On the other hand, when the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand cannot be used for soil cement (S112). From this, it is possible to know whether or not the mixture solidifies or hardens when the earth and sand, cement and water are mixed, and it is possible to determine whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement.
さらに、本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法は、土砂に含有されるフミン酸の量を求め、求められたフミン酸の量と、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となるフミン酸の量のしきい値とを比較する工程（Ｓ１０２）を含んでもよい。そして、微生物の生菌数量およびフミン酸の量のすべてが、しきい値以下である場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定する（Ｓ１１３）。一方、微生物の生菌数量およびフミン酸の量のうち少なくとも一つが、しきい値より大きい場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する（Ｓ１１４）（図２）。これにより、土砂、セメントおよび水を混合した場合に、混合物が固化または硬化するか否かということが正確にわかり、土砂をソイルセメントに利用することが可能であるか否かをより正確に判定することができる。上記の微生物の生菌数量だけを求めてしきい値と比較する場合でも混合物が固化または硬化するか否か判定できるが、フミン酸の量を求めてしきい値と比較すると、微生物の生菌数量だけを求めてしきい値と比較する場合と比べて、より正確に判定することができる。 Further, in the method for determining the availability of earth and sand in the present embodiment, the amount of humic acid contained in the earth and sand is determined, and the amount of humic acid obtained and the amount of humic acid as a reference for determining the availability of earth and sand are used. The step (S102) of comparing with the threshold value may be included. Then, when all of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism and the amount of humic acid are equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for soil cement (S113). On the other hand, if at least one of the viable microbial quantity and the amount of humic acid is greater than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand are not available for soil cement (S114) (FIG. 2). This makes it possible to accurately determine whether or not the mixture solidifies or hardens when earth and sand, cement and water are mixed, and more accurately determines whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement. can do. Whether or not the mixture solidifies or hardens can be determined even when only the viable cell quantity of the above microorganisms is calculated and compared with the threshold value, but when the amount of humic acid is calculated and compared with the threshold value, the viable bacteria of the microorganisms can be determined. It is possible to make a more accurate judgment as compared with the case where only the quantity is obtained and compared with the threshold value.
さらに、本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法は、土砂の含水比を求め、求められた含水比と、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる含水比のしきい値とを比較する工程（Ｓ１０３）を含む。さらに、本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法は、土砂の粒度（粒径分布）を求め、求められた粒度と、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる粒度のしきい値とを比較する工程（Ｓ１０４）を含む。そして、微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比および粒度のすべてが、しきい値以下である場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定する（Ｓ１１５）。一方、微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比および粒度のうち少なくとも一つが、しきい値より大きい場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する（Ｓ１１６）（図３）。これにより、土砂、セメントおよび水を混合した場合に、混合物が固化または硬化して、ソイルセメントは所定の強度が得られるか否かということがより確実にわかり、土砂をソイルセメントに利用可能であるか否かを判定することができる。上記の微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量を求めてしきい値と比較する場合でも混合物が固化または硬化するか否か判定できる。しかし、含水比および粒度を求めてしきい値と比較すると、微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量を求めてしきい値と比較する場合と比べて、より確実に判定することができる。 Further, the method for determining the availability of earth and sand in the present embodiment is a step of obtaining the water content ratio of the earth and sand and comparing the obtained water content with the threshold value of the water content ratio as a reference for determining the availability of the earth and sand ( S103) is included. Further, in the method for determining the availability of earth and sand in the present embodiment, the particle size (particle size distribution) of the earth and sand is obtained, and the obtained particle size is compared with the threshold value of the particle size as a reference for determining the availability of the earth and sand. The step (S104) is included. Then, when the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio and the particle size are all equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for soil cement (S115). On the other hand, if at least one of the viable microbial quantity , the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio and the particle size is larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand are not available for soil cement (S116) (FIG. 3). .. This makes it more certain that when earth and sand, cement and water are mixed, the mixture solidifies or hardens and the soil cement obtains the required strength, and the earth and sand can be used for soil cement. It is possible to determine whether or not there is. Whether or not the mixture solidifies or hardens can be determined even when the viable cell quantity and the amount of humic acid of the above microorganisms are obtained and compared with the threshold value. However, when the water content ratio and the particle size are obtained and compared with the threshold value, the determination can be made more reliably than when the viable cell quantity of the microorganism and the amount of humic acid are obtained and compared with the threshold value.
ソイルセメントを製造するための土砂としては、含水比と粒度を適切に調整したものを用いることができる。しかし、含水と粒度を適切に調整しても、土砂、セメントおよび水を混合した混合物は固化しないケースがある。このような固化しない土砂に対して、微生物の生菌数量を測定すると、固化しない土砂は、固化した土砂と比較して微生物の生菌数量が多い。ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるかを判定するための微生物の生菌数量の基準、また、土砂が固化または硬化するか否かを判定するための微生物の生菌数量の基準を設ける。微生物の生菌数量の基準は、複数の土砂を採取して微生物の生菌数量を求めて設定してもよい。この微生物の生菌数量の基準を微生物の生菌数量のしきい値とし、ある場所から採取された土砂の微生物の生菌数量を測定し、しきい値と比較して土砂のソイルセメントとしての利用の可否を判定することができる。なお、本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法を発明するにあたり、微生物の生菌数量が多いとセメント水和反応を阻害し、固化、硬化しにくくなることが明らかになった。 As the earth and sand for producing soil cement, those having an appropriately adjusted water content and particle size can be used. However, there are cases where a mixture of earth and sand, cement and water does not solidify even if the water content and particle size are adjusted appropriately. When the viable cell count of microorganisms is measured for such non-solidified soil, the non-solidified earth and sand has a larger viable microbial count than the solidified soil. A standard for the number of viable microorganisms to determine whether the soil can be used for soil cement and a standard for the number of viable microorganisms to determine whether the earth and sand solidify or harden are established. The standard for the viable cell quantity of microorganisms may be set by collecting a plurality of earth and sand and obtaining the viable cell quantity of microorganisms. The criteria for viable quantities of the microorganisms with a threshold of viable quantities of microorganisms, measured viable quantities of microorganisms of sediment taken from one place, as soil cement of sediment compared to a threshold Whether or not it can be used can be determined. In inventing the method for determining the availability of earth and sand of the present embodiment, it was clarified that a large amount of viable microorganisms inhibits the cement hydration reaction and makes it difficult to solidify and harden.
フミン酸は、微生物を増殖または活性化させる有機物の一つである。フミン酸の量が多いと微生物を増殖または活性化させる可能性があるため、フミン酸の量を測定することにより、より正確に土砂の利用の可否を判定することができる。フミン酸の量が多いと、微生物が繁殖しやすく、微生物の生菌数量が多くなるため、水和反応を阻害し、固化、硬化しにくくなる。ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるかを判定するため、また、土砂が固化または硬化するか否かを判定するためのフミン酸の量の基準を設ける。フミン酸の量の基準は、複数の土砂に対してフミン酸の量を求めて設定してもよい。このフミン酸の量の基準をフミン酸の量のしきい値とし、ある場所から採取された土砂のフミン酸の量を測定し、しきい値と比較して土砂の利用の可否を判定することができる。 Humic acid is one of the organic substances that grows or activates microorganisms. Since a large amount of humic acid may cause the growth or activation of microorganisms, it is possible to more accurately determine the availability of earth and sand by measuring the amount of humic acid. When the amount of humic acid is large, the microorganisms easily propagate and the viable quantity of the microorganisms increases, so that the hydration reaction is inhibited and solidification and hardening become difficult. A standard for the amount of humic acid is established to determine whether the earth and sand can be used for soil cement and whether or not the earth and sand solidify or harden. The standard for the amount of humic acid may be set by obtaining the amount of humic acid for a plurality of sediments. The standard for the amount of humic acid is used as the threshold for the amount of humic acid, the amount of humic acid in the earth and sand collected from a certain place is measured, and the availability of the earth and sand is judged by comparing with the threshold. Can be done.
本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法により、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるか否かを判定する。そして、微生物の生菌数量のがしきい値より大きいため、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定された場合は、土砂の微生物の生菌数量を調整することで、ソイルセメントに利用できるようになり、セメントと混合して、水和反応により、固化、硬化する。製造されたソイルセメントは、土砂の微生物の生菌数量がしきい値以下であり、ソイルセメント中の土砂の微生物の生菌数量が適切に調整されたソイルセメントである。また、有機成分の量自体は土砂の固化または硬化に直接影響を与えるのではなく、有機成分を餌とする微生物とその排泄物、死骸などの量に影響を与えるため、有機成分を排除して土砂の微生物の生菌数量を調整してもよい。 According to the method for determining the availability of earth and sand of the present embodiment, it is determined whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement. Then, if it is determined that the viable microbial quantity of microorganisms is larger than the threshold value and cannot be used for soil cement, the viable microbial quantity of earth and sand can be adjusted so that it can be used for soil cement. It is mixed with cement and solidified and hardened by a hydration reaction. Soil cement produced is viable quantities of microorganisms of sediment is not less threshold or less, the viable cell number of microorganisms of sediment in the soil cement is suitably adjusted soil cement. In addition, the amount of organic matter itself does not directly affect the solidification or hardening of soil, but it affects the amount of microorganisms that feed on organic matter and their excrement, carcasses, etc., so the organic matter is excluded. The viable quantity of microorganisms in the earth and sand may be adjusted.
本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法により、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂であるか否かを判定する。そして、含水比、粒度がしきい値より大きいため、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定された場合は、土砂の含水比、粒度を調整することで、ソイルセメントに利用できるようになり、セメントと混合して、水和反応により、固化、硬化する。製造されたソイルセメントは、土砂の含水比、粒度がしきい値以下であり、ソイルセメント中の土砂の含水比、粒度が適切に調整されたソイルセメントである。 According to the method for determining the availability of earth and sand of the present embodiment, it is determined whether or not the earth and sand can be used for soil cement. If it is determined that it cannot be used for soil cement because the water content ratio and particle size are larger than the threshold value, it can be used for soil cement by adjusting the water content ratio and particle size of the earth and sand. Is mixed with and solidified and hardened by a hydration reaction. The produced soil cement is a soil cement in which the water content ratio and particle size of the earth and sand are below the threshold value, and the water content ratio and particle size of the earth and sand in the soil cement are appropriately adjusted.
土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量を求める方法は、特に限定されない。ただし、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる微生物の生菌数量のしきい値を求める際に実施された方法と同一の方法で、採取された土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量を求める方が、土砂の利用可否判定が、より正確に行えるので好ましい。微生物の生菌数量を求める方法の一例としては、土砂から微生物のＤＮＡ（核酸）を抽出し、得られた抽出物を吸光光度法によって核酸の量を測定して、微生物の生菌数量を定量する方法がある。 The method for determining the viable quantity of microorganisms contained in earth and sand is not particularly limited. However, the viable cell count of microorganisms contained in the collected earth and sand is determined by the same method used when determining the threshold value of the viable cell count of microorganisms, which is the standard for determining the availability of earth and sand. This is preferable because the availability of earth and sand can be determined more accurately. As an example of a method for determining the viable cell quantity of a microorganism, the DNA (nucleic acid) of the microorganism is extracted from earth and sand, and the obtained extract is measured for the amount of nucleic acid by absorptiometry to quantify the viable cell quantity of the microorganism. There is a way to do it.
土砂に含有されるフミン酸の量を求める方法は、特に限定されない。ただし、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となるフミン酸の量のしきい値を求める際に実施された方法と同一の方法で、採取された土砂に含有されるフミン酸の量を求める方が、土砂の利用可否判定が、より正確に行えるので好ましい。フミン酸の量を求める方法の一例としては、土砂からアルカリ水溶液を用いてフミン酸を含む抽出物を抽出し、酸を用いて得られた抽出物からフミン酸を含む沈殿物を分離し、フミン酸を定量する方法がある。具体的には、アルカリ水溶液としては、ＮａＯＨ水溶液を用いて抽出する。定量方法は、二クロム酸比色法であり、抽出したフミン酸を定量することができる。抽出回数、ＮａＯＨ水溶液の濃度は、適宜設定される。なお、フミン酸は、土壌中の動植物の遺体が微生物のはたらきによって分解されて生成される有機物である。 The method for determining the amount of humic acid contained in the earth and sand is not particularly limited. However, it is better to determine the amount of humic acid contained in the collected soil by the same method used when determining the threshold value of the amount of humic acid, which is the standard for determining the availability of earth and sand. , It is preferable because the availability of earth and sand can be determined more accurately. As an example of a method for determining the amount of humic acid, an extract containing humic acid is extracted from earth and sand using an alkaline aqueous solution, a precipitate containing humic acid is separated from the extract obtained using acid, and humic acid is obtained. There is a way to quantify acid. Specifically, as the alkaline aqueous solution, an aqueous NaOH solution is used for extraction. The quantification method is a dichromic acid colorimetric method, and the extracted humic acid can be quantified. The number of extractions and the concentration of the NaOH aqueous solution are appropriately set. Humic acid is an organic substance produced by decomposing the remains of animals and plants in the soil by the action of microorganisms.
土砂の含水比を求める方法は、特に限定されない。ただし、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる含水比のしきい値を求める際に実施された方法と同一の方法で、採取された土砂の含水比を求める方が、土砂の利用可否判定が、より正確に行えるので好ましい。土砂の含水比を求める方法の一例としては、ＪＩＳ Ａ １２０３「土の含水比試験方法」に規定される方法がある。 The method for determining the water content of earth and sand is not particularly limited. However, it is better to determine the water content of the collected soil by the same method used when determining the threshold value of the water content, which is the standard for determining the availability of soil. , It is preferable because it can be performed more accurately. As an example of the method for determining the water content ratio of earth and sand, there is a method specified in JIS A 1203 “Soil water content ratio test method”.
土砂の粒度（粒径分布）を求める方法は、特に限定されない。ただし、土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる粒度のしきい値を求める際に実施された方法と同一の方法で、採取された土砂の粒度を求める方が、土砂の利用可否判定が、より正確に行えるので好ましい。粒度を求める方法の一例としては、ＪＩＳ Ａ １２０４「土の粒度試験方法」に規定される方法がある。なお、後述の「粒径が０．０７５ｍｍの土砂」とは、目開きが７５μｍのふるいを通過した土砂のことである。 The method for determining the particle size (particle size distribution) of earth and sand is not particularly limited. However, it is better to determine the particle size of the collected soil by the same method used when determining the threshold value of the particle size, which is the standard for determining the availability of soil. It is preferable because it can be done accurately. As an example of the method for determining the particle size, there is a method specified in JIS A 1204 “Soil particle size test method”. The “earth and sand having a particle size of 0.075 mm”, which will be described later, refers to the earth and sand that has passed through a sieve having a mesh size of 75 μm.
求められた土砂の微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比および粒度は、あらかじめ設定された微生物の生菌数量のしきい値、フミン酸の量のしきい値、含水比のしきい値および粒度のしきい値とそれぞれ比較される。これら土砂の微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比および粒度のすべてが、しきい値以下である場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定される。一方、土砂の微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比および粒度のうち少なくとも一つが、しきい値より大きい場合、土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定される。このように、ソイルセメントに利用可能と判定され、ソイルセメントに利用可能な土砂を用いて製造されたソイルセメントは、所定の十分な圧縮強度が得られる。 The determined viable cell quantity , fumic acid amount, water content ratio and particle size of the earth and sand are the preset thresholds of the viable cell quantity of microorganisms, the threshold value of the amount of fumic acid, and the threshold of the water content ratio. Compared to the value and grain size thresholds, respectively. If all of the viable microbial count , humic acid content, water content ratio and particle size of these sediments are below the threshold value, the sediment is determined to be available for soil cement. On the other hand, if at least one of the viable microbial quantity , the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio and the particle size of the earth and sand is larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand are not available for soil cement. As described above, the soil cement which is determined to be usable for the soil cement and is produced by using the earth and sand that can be used for the soil cement can obtain a predetermined sufficient compressive strength.
図４に微生物の生菌数量のしきい値、フミン酸の量のしきい値、含水比のしきい値、粒度のしきい値を設定する処理のフローチャートを示す。なお、このフローチャートは、土砂とセメントと水との混合物が固化または硬化した上で、ソイルセメントが所定の強度を得るための基準を設定するためのものである。まず、複数の土砂を採取し（Ｓ２０１）、土砂１ｍ３に対して、セメントを２００ｋｇ、または３００ｋｇ混合し、含水量が一定になるようにして混合物を作製した。こられの混合物をＪＩＳ Ａ １２１６「土の一軸圧縮試験方法」に規定される形状および寸法、作製方法により供試体を作製して、一軸圧縮強度試験が実施され、土砂の一軸圧縮強度が算出される。そして、一方で複数の土砂は、微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比、粒度がそれぞれ測定される（Ｓ２０２）。算出された土砂とセメントとの混合物（ソイルセメント）の一軸圧縮強度と、測定した複数の土砂の微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比、粒度とをプロットして（Ｓ２０３）、一軸圧縮強度と微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比、粒度とのそれぞれの相関関係を得ることができる。このとき、しきい値を定めるために一軸圧縮強度を測定する複数の土砂は、採取される地域、採取される位置を限定しなくてもよい。これにより、幅広く、地域などが限定されない平均的な一軸圧縮強度と微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比、粒度との相関関係を得ることができる。また、採取される地域を限定した場合は、地域ごとに、採取される現場に特有な一軸圧縮強度と含水比、粒度、フミン酸の量、微生物の生菌数量との相関関係を得ることができる。 FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a process for setting a threshold value for the amount of viable microorganisms, a threshold value for the amount of humic acid, a threshold value for the water content ratio, and a threshold value for the particle size. It should be noted that this flowchart is for setting a standard for soil cement to obtain a predetermined strength after the mixture of earth and sand, cement and water is solidified or hardened. First, a plurality of earth and sand were collected (S201), and 200 kg or 300 kg of cement was mixed with 1 m 3 of earth and sand to prepare a mixture so that the water content became constant. A specimen was prepared from these mixtures according to the shape, dimensions, and manufacturing method specified in JIS A 1216 "Soil uniaxial compressive test method", and a uniaxial compressive strength test was carried out to calculate the uniaxial compressive strength of earth and sand. NS. On the other hand, the amount of viable microorganisms, the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio, and the particle size of the plurality of earth and sand are measured (S202). Plot the calculated uniaxial compressive strength of the mixture of earth and sand and cement (soil cement), the measured viable cell count of microorganisms in the earth and sand, the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio, and the particle size (S203), and uniaxially Correlation between the compressive strength and the viable cell count of microorganisms, the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio, and the particle size can be obtained. At this time, the plurality of earth and sand for which the uniaxial compressive strength is measured in order to determine the threshold value need not be limited in the area where they are collected and the position where they are collected. This makes it possible to obtain a correlation between the average uniaxial compressive strength, which is not limited to a wide range of regions, and the viable cell quantity of microorganisms, the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio, and the particle size. In addition, when the collection area is limited, it is possible to obtain the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength and water content ratio, particle size, amount of humic acid, and viable microbial count peculiar to the collection site for each area. can.
一軸圧縮強度と微生物の生菌数量との相関関係に基づいて、得られるソイルセメントの一軸圧縮強度の基準値に対応する土砂の微生物の生菌数量が決定される。同様に、一軸圧縮強度とフミン酸の量、含水比、粒度との相関関係に基づいて、得られるソイルセメントの一軸圧縮強度の基準値に対応する土砂のフミン酸の量、含水比、粒度が決定される。それぞれの指標の一例として、１ｋｇ当たりの土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量、１ｋｇ当たりの土砂に含有されるフミン酸の量、粒径が０．０７５ｍｍ以下の土砂の割合がある。そして、一軸圧縮強度の基準値に対応する微生物の生菌数量、フミン酸の量、含水比、粒度は、微生物の生菌数量のしきい値、フミン酸の量のしきい値、含水比のしきい値、粒度のしきい値として定められる（Ｓ２０４）。この土砂の一軸圧縮強度の基準値は、要求される一軸圧縮強度に応じて適宜設定されるものであり、本実施形態の土砂の利用可否判定方法により、ソイルセメントに利用可能と判定された土砂を用いて製造されたソイルセメントは、所定の十分な一軸圧縮強度が得られる。 Based on the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength and the viable microbial quantity of the soil, the viable microbial quantity of the earth and sand corresponding to the reference value of the uniaxial compressive strength of the obtained soil cement is determined. Similarly, based on the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength and the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio, and the particle size, the amount of humic acid, the water content ratio, and the particle size of the soil corresponding to the reference value of the uniaxial compressive strength of the obtained soil cement are determined. It is determined. As an example of each index, there are the viable cell count of microorganisms contained in the earth and sand per 1 kg, the amount of humic acid contained in the earth and sand per 1 kg, and the ratio of the earth and sand having a particle size of 0.075 mm or less. Then, the viable cell quantity , the amount of fumic acid, the water content ratio, and the particle size of the microorganism corresponding to the reference value of the uniaxial compression strength are the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, the threshold value of the amount of fumic acid, and the water content ratio. It is defined as a threshold value and a grain size threshold value (S204). The reference value of the uniaxial compressive strength of the earth and sand is appropriately set according to the required uniaxial compressive strength, and the earth and sand determined to be usable for soil cement by the method for determining the availability of the earth and sand of the present embodiment. Soil cement produced using the above can obtain a predetermined sufficient uniaxial compressive strength.
また、多数の測定値を蓄積して、上記相関関係を更新してもよい。これにより、上記相関関係の信頼性が向上し、より正確な土砂の利用可否判定ができ、土砂を有効利用してソイルセメントを製造することができる。 Further, a large number of measured values may be accumulated to update the above correlation. As a result, the reliability of the above correlation is improved, the availability of earth and sand can be determined more accurately, and soil cement can be produced by effectively using the earth and sand.
有機成分が強度発現に及ぼす影響について調査した。 The effect of organic components on strength development was investigated.
（試料土の準備）
砂質土に有機成分を加えて、有機成分が強度発現に及ぼす影響を調査した（試験１）。試験は、腐植等の有機質を含まない砂質土Ｂ、砂質土Ｃを母材とし、これに粉末の有機質添加材を直接添加または、同添加材を水浸させて析出した水を添加して準備した。直接添加における添加率は、砂質土の質量に対して３ｍａｓｓ％とし、また析出水は目標土砂含水比に対して不足する水量を析出水に置き換えて添加した。有機質添加材（土砂）は以下の３種類を選定した。また、砂質土Ｃについては、析出水として煎茶も試みた。
（１）サンプルＡ（カナダ産）
フミン酸、フルボ酸を豊富に含む天然腐植地層を粉末化したもの。
（２）サンプルＦ（アメリカ産）
フミン酸、フルボ酸を豊富に含む天然腐植頁岩を粉末化したもの。
（３）サンプルＧ
窒素、リン酸等を豊富に含む。森の剪定枝にミネラル液を混ぜて撹拌発酵させた堆肥。
(Preparation of sample soil)
An organic component was added to sandy soil, and the effect of the organic component on strength development was investigated (Test 1). In the test, sandy soil B and sandy soil C that do not contain organic substances such as humus are used as the base material, and powdered organic additive is directly added to this, or water precipitated by immersing the additive in water is added. Prepared. The addition rate in the direct addition was 3 mass% with respect to the mass of the sandy soil, and the precipitated water was added by replacing the amount of water insufficient with respect to the target sediment water content ratio with the precipitated water. The following three types of organic additives (earth and sand) were selected. For sandy soil C, sencha was also tried as precipitated water.
(1) Sample A (made in Canada)
A powdered natural humus layer rich in humic acid and fulvic acid.
(2) Sample F (made in the United States)
Powdered natural humus shale rich in humic acid and fulvic acid.
(3) Sample G
Rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid, etc. Compost that is fermented by mixing mineral liquid with pruned branches of the forest.
図５に砂質土Ｂ、砂質土Ｃの粒度（粒径分布）の結果を示す。粒径が０．０７５ｍｍ以下の土砂の割合は、砂質土Ｂは１０ｍａｓｓ％、砂質土Ｃは２０ｍａｓｓ％であった。 FIG. 5 shows the results of the particle size (particle size distribution) of the sandy soil B and the sandy soil C. The proportion of earth and sand having a particle size of 0.075 mm or less was 10 mass% for sandy soil B and 20 mass% for sandy soil C.
（一軸圧縮強度の確認）
型枠φ５０×１００ｍｍサミットモールドに混練後の材料を密度調整して突固め供試体を作製した。供試体作製後、室温２０℃で３日間の封緘養生を行い、一軸圧縮試験（ＪＩＳ Ａ １２１６）に供した。試験結果は表１に示す通りであり、非添加と比較して相対的に圧縮強度の差は少なく、有機質添加材の混練によって強度が増加したものも見られた。煎茶についても比較を行ったが、砂質土Ｃの析出水添加ケースにおいて最大値を示した。
(Confirmation of uniaxial compressive strength)
The material after kneading was adjusted in density in a mold φ50 × 100 mm summit mold and compacted to prepare a specimen. After the specimen was prepared, it was sealed and cured at room temperature of 20 ° C. for 3 days and subjected to a uniaxial compression test (JIS A 1216). The test results are as shown in Table 1, and the difference in compressive strength was relatively small as compared with the case where no additive was added, and some of the strength was increased by kneading the organic additive. Sencha was also compared, and the maximum value was shown in the case of adding precipitated water to sandy soil C.
（阻害要因の推定）
煎茶に含まれるカテキンなど有機成分そのものを土砂に混合しても強度が出る。数万年経った腐植層も強度が出る。つまり、有機成分自体に水和反応を阻害する原因はない。しかし、一般的に自然状態の黒ボクは強度発現しないことから有機成分が分解され腐植土になる過程に水和反応を阻害する因子があるはずである。そこで、有機成分が水和反応を阻害しているのではなく、有機成分を餌とする微生物と微生物の排泄物がセメントの水和反応を阻害する原因であると考え、有機成分を含んだ土砂で、かつ強度発現したものとしなかったものの詳細分析を行った。
(Estimation of inhibitory factors)
Even if organic components such as catechin contained in sencha are mixed with earth and sand, the strength will increase. The humus layer, which is tens of thousands of years old, also becomes stronger. That is, the organic component itself has no cause of inhibiting the hydration reaction. However, in general, Andosols in the natural state do not develop strength, so there must be a factor that inhibits the hydration reaction in the process of decomposing organic components into humus soil. Therefore, it is considered that the organic component does not inhibit the hydration reaction, but the microorganisms that feed on the organic component and the excrement of the microorganisms are the cause of inhibiting the hydration reaction of cement. In addition, detailed analysis was performed on those with and without strength expression.
微生物の生菌数量が強度発現に及ぼす影響について調査した。 The effect of viable microbial count on strength development was investigated.
（試料土の成分分析）
試験に用いた土砂は、有機成分が強度発現に及ぼす影響について調査したときに用いたサンプルＡを含め、日本各地から４種類（サンプルＢ、サンプルＣ、サンプルＤ、サンプルＥ）の自然土を採取した。また、サンプルＢについては、自然状態のものと、微生物の生菌数量を減少させる目的からクロロピクリンを添加したものの２種類を準備し、成分分析に供した。成分分析の内、微生物の生菌数量の定量には土壌肥沃度指標（ＳＯＦＩＸ（登録商標）：Ｓｏｉｌ Ｆｅｒｔｉｌｅ ｌｎｄｅｘ）分析を採用した。これは土壌肥沃度指標として確立されたもので、生物指標による農耕地上壌の診断技術である。有機栽培に望ましい土壌成分の量とバランスを数値化する診断指標であり、（１）植物生長に関する成分と、（２）物質循環に関する成分を測定する。土壌の化学的性質（肥料成分、緩衝作用等）、物理的性質（保水力、通気性等）、生物的性質（有機物の分解、耐病害虫等）の二つ要素が整った土壌が必要である。ＳＯＦＩＸ分析は、土壌中の微生物の生菌数量や微生物による窒素循環活性、リン循環活性などを数量的に表すことで生物的分析を行える手法である。成分分析結果を表２に示す。
(Analysis of component of sample soil)
Four types of natural soil (Sample B, Sample C, Sample D, Sample E) were collected from all over Japan, including Sample A, which was used when investigating the effect of organic components on strength development. bottom. As for sample B, two types, one in a natural state and one in which chloropicrin was added for the purpose of reducing the viable count of microorganisms, were prepared and subjected to component analysis. Among the component analyzes, the soil fertility index (SOFIX (registered trademark): Soil Ferrile lendex) analysis was adopted for the quantification of the viable cell quantity of microorganisms. This was established as a soil fertility index, and is a diagnostic technique for agricultural ground loam based on biological indicators. It is a diagnostic index that quantifies the amount and balance of soil components desirable for organic farming, and measures (1) components related to plant growth and (2) components related to material circulation. Soil with two elements: chemical properties (fertilizer component, buffering action, etc.), physical properties (water retention capacity, air permeability, etc.), and biological properties (decomposition of organic matter, pest resistance, etc.) is required. .. SOFIX analysis is a method that enables biological analysis by quantitatively expressing the viable cell count of microorganisms in soil, nitrogen cycle activity by microorganisms, phosphorus cycle activity, and the like. The component analysis results are shown in Table 2.
図６に各土砂の圧縮強度と細粒分含有率の結果を示す。図７に各土砂の圧縮強度と細菌数の結果を示す。図８に各土砂の圧縮強度と各パラメータ（細粒分含有率、フミン酸の量、総細菌数の最大値を１０としてパラメータ化したもの）の結果を示す。図９に圧縮強度と細菌数の結果を示す。細粒分が多いと水和反応しても強度発現は小さく、堰堤のような構造物に必要な強度が得られない可能性がある。しかし、この試験ではセメントの水和反応を阻害しているか否かが重要であるため、強度自体は低くても、材令によって強度が伸びているものは水和反応していると判断した。ただし、土砂に対してセメント量が多くなると、水和反応を阻害する量以上のセメントによって強度発現する可能性も考えられるため、セメント量も２００ｋｇ／ｍ３と３００ｋｇ／ｍ３の２ケース行い、強度発現の違いを計測した。
FIG. 6 shows the results of the compressive strength and the fine particle content of each soil. FIG. 7 shows the results of the compressive strength and the number of bacteria of each soil. FIG. 8 shows the compressive strength of each soil and the results of each parameter (parameterized with the maximum value of the fine particle content, the amount of humic acid, and the total number of bacteria as 10). FIG. 9 shows the results of compressive strength and the number of bacteria. If the amount of fine particles is large, the strength development is small even if the hydration reaction occurs, and there is a possibility that the strength required for a structure such as a dam cannot be obtained. However, in this test, it is important whether or not the hydration reaction of cement is inhibited, so even if the strength itself is low, it was judged that the one whose strength is increased by the material age is hydration reaction. However, when the amount of cement is increased with respect to sediment, since the possibility is also contemplated that the strength development by the amount or more cement to inhibit hydration, the cement amount performed two
表２はサンプルＡとサンプルＢを比較したものである。この中でセメントの水和反応に影響が考えられる指標は、炭素量と細菌量である。これまで水和反応を阻害すると考えられていた有機成分は炭素量で表すことができる。サンプルＡ（１７００００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）とサンプルＢ（４３０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）の全炭素量を比較すると４倍であり、水和反応を阻害する要因が有機成分であるなら、サンプルＡはまったく水和反応しないはずである。ところが、結果はまったく逆であった。そこで、両者で顕著な差として総細菌数に着目した。植物の育成に良好な土壌のバクテリア数は６億個／ｇ以上、不向きとされる土壌のバクテジア数は２億個／ｇ以下とされている。サンプルＡのバクテリア数は測定不能なほど少ない。これに対してサンプルＢのバクテリア数は９億個／ｇ以上である。このことから植物の生育環境によいとされる土壌は、ソイルセメントに不適な土砂である。つまり、生育環境がよい土砂ほどソイルセメントの母材に適さず、生育環境の悪い土砂は母材に向いていると考えられる。 Table 2 compares sample A and sample B. Among these, the indicators that may affect the hydration reaction of cement are the amount of carbon and the amount of bacteria. Organic components that were previously thought to inhibit hydration can be represented by the amount of carbon. Comparing the total carbon content of sample A (1700,000 mg / kg) and sample B (43,000 mg / kg) is four times, and if the factor that inhibits the hydration reaction is an organic component, sample A should not undergo a hydration reaction at all. Is. However, the result was exactly the opposite. Therefore, we focused on the total number of bacteria as a remarkable difference between the two. The number of bacteria in soil that is good for growing plants is 600 million / g or more, and the number of bactesia in unsuitable soil is 200 million / g or less. The number of bacteria in sample A is unmeasurable. On the other hand, the number of bacteria in sample B is 900 million / g or more. From this, the soil that is considered to be good for the growing environment of plants is soil that is unsuitable for soil cement. In other words, it is considered that earth and sand with a good growing environment are not suitable for the base material of soil cement, and earth and sand with a poor growing environment are suitable for the base material.
有機成分によるセメントの水和反応を阻害する要因として、以下のことが考えられる。１）有機成分を多く含むということだけではセメントの水和反応を阻害しない。２）水和反応を阻害する原因は、有機成分を餌とする微生物と微生物の排泄物である。３）微生物を薬品により死滅させても、微生物の死骸は残存し、水和反応を阻害する。４）腐植土となる前の草本や、腐植が進行し微生物による分解が終焉した有機質土は水和反応を阻害しないことから、微生物の活動がないか少ない土砂は水和反応する。 The following can be considered as factors that inhibit the hydration reaction of cement by organic components. 1) The hydration reaction of cement is not hindered only by containing a large amount of organic components. 2) The cause of inhibiting the hydration reaction is microorganisms feeding on organic components and excrement of microorganisms. 3) Even if the microorganisms are killed by chemicals, the dead microorganisms remain and inhibit the hydration reaction. 4) Since herbaceous soil before it becomes humus and organic soil whose humus has progressed and decomposition by microorganisms has ended do not inhibit the hydration reaction, soil with little or no microbial activity undergoes hydration reaction.
ソイルセメントエ法は、施工現場における堆積物を使用することが多い。これまで現地発生土砂に有機成分が含まれていると、このままではソイルセメントの母材として使えないと考えられていた。しかし、有機成分を餌とする微生物とその排泄物が原因であることをつきとめた。つまり、土石流堆積物に流木などが混入しているからといって使えないということではなく、微生物が繁殖する前や微生物が繁殖する前に餌となる有機成分を中和してしまえば、ソイルセメントの母材として活用することができる。 The soil cement method often uses sediments at the construction site. Until now, it was thought that if locally generated earth and sand contained organic matter, it could not be used as a base material for soil cement as it is. However, it was found that the cause was microorganisms that feed on organic matter and their excrement. In other words, just because driftwood is mixed in debris flow deposits does not mean that it cannot be used, but if the organic components that feed on it are neutralized before the microorganisms propagate or before the microorganisms propagate, the soil It can be used as a base material for cement.
Ｓ１０１ 土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量と微生物の生菌数量のしきい値とを比較する工程
Ｓ１０２ 土砂に含有されるフミン酸の量とフミン酸の量のしきい値とを比較する工程
Ｓ１０３ 土砂の含水比と含水比のしきい値とを比較する工程
Ｓ１０４ 土砂の粒度と粒度のしきい値とを比較する工程
Ｓ２０１ 複数の土砂を採取する工程
Ｓ２０２ 含水比、粒度、フミン酸の量、微生物の生菌数量と一軸圧縮強度を測定する工程
Ｓ２０３ 相関関係のグラフを作成する工程
Ｓ２０４ しきい値を設定する工程
S101 step of comparing the amount and the amount of humic acid humic acid contained in step S102 sediment comparing the threshold viable quantities and microbial viable quantities of microorganisms contained in the sediment threshold S103 Step of comparing the water content ratio of earth and sand with the threshold value of water content ratio S104 Step of comparing the particle size of earth and sand with the threshold value of particle size S201 Step of collecting multiple earth and sand S202 Water content ratio, particle size, amount of fumic acid , Step of measuring viable cell quantity and uniaxial compression strength of microorganisms S203 Step of creating a graph of correlation S204 Step of setting a threshold
Claims (2)
前記土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量を求め、求められた前記微生物の生菌数量と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値とを比較する工程と、
前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値以下である場合は、前記土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定し、前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値より大きい場合は、前記土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する工程と、を含み、
前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値は、
複数の前記土砂を用いて作製された複数の供試体の一軸圧縮強度を測定する工程と、
前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記微生物の生菌数量との相関関係を得る工程と、
前記相関関係を得る工程で得られた前記相関関係に基づいて、前記ソイルセメントとして要求される一軸圧縮強度に対応する前記微生物の生菌数量を前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値として定めていることを特徴とする土砂の利用可否判定方法。 It is a method for determining the availability of earth and sand to determine whether or not it is earth and sand that can be used for soil cement.
Seeking viable quantities of microorganisms contained in the soil, compares the viable cell number of the microorganism obtained, and a threshold value of the viable cell number of the microorganism to be determined based on the availability of the soil Process and
When the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is equal to or less than the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for soil cement, and the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is the viable cell quantity of the microorganism. If the threshold is greater than the viable cell number, the sediment is seen containing a step of determining not available to soil cement, a,
The threshold value for the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is
A step of measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of a plurality of specimens prepared using a plurality of the earth and sand, and a step of measuring the uniaxial compressive strength.
A step of obtaining a correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the viable cell quantity of the microorganism,
Based on the correlation obtained in the step of obtaining the correlation, the viable cell quantity of the microorganism corresponding to the uniaxial compressive strength required for the soil cement is set as the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism. A method for determining the availability of earth and sand, which is characterized by being present.
前記土砂に含有される微生物の生菌数量を求め、求められた前記微生物の生菌数量と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値とを比較する工程と、
前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値以下である場合は、前記土砂は、ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定し、前記微生物の生菌数量が、前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値より大きい場合は、前記土砂は、前記ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する工程と、
前記土砂の含水比を求め、求められた前記含水比と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記含水比のしきい値とを比較する工程と、
前記土砂の粒度を求め、求められた前記粒度と、前記土砂の利用可否を判定する基準となる前記粒度のしきい値とを比較する工程と、
前記含水比および前記粒度が、前記含水比のしきい値および前記粒度のしきい値以下である場合は、前記土砂は、前記ソイルセメントに利用可能であると判定し、前記含水比および前記粒度のうち少なくとも一つが、前記含水比のしきい値および前記粒度のしきい値より大きい場合は、前記土砂は、前記ソイルセメントに利用可能ではないと判定する工程と、を含み、
前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値、前記含水比のしきい値および前記粒度のしきい値は、
複数の前記土砂を用いて作製された複数の供試体の一軸圧縮強度を測定する工程と、
前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記微生物の生菌数量との相関関係、前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記含水比との相関関係、前記供試体の一軸圧縮強度と前記粒度との相関関係を得る工程と、
前記相関関係を得る工程で得られた前記相関関係に基づいて、前記ソイルセメントとして要求される一軸圧縮強度に対応する前記微生物の生菌数量、前記含水比および前記粒度を、それぞれ前記微生物の生菌数量のしきい値、前記含水比のしきい値、前記粒度のしきい値として定めていることを特徴とする土砂の利用可否判定方法。 It is a method for determining the availability of earth and sand to determine whether or not it is earth and sand that can be used for soil cement.
The viable cell quantity of the microorganism contained in the soil is determined, and the determined viable cell quantity of the microorganism is compared with the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, which is a criterion for determining the availability of the earth and sand. Process and
When the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is equal to or less than the threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for soil cement, and the viable cell quantity of the microorganism is the viable cell quantity of the microorganism. If it is larger than the viable cell quantity threshold, the step of determining that the earth and sand are not available for the soil cement, and
A step of obtaining the water content ratio of the earth and sand and comparing the obtained water content with the threshold value of the water content ratio as a reference for determining the availability of the earth and sand.
A step of determining the particle size of the earth and sand and comparing the obtained particle size with the threshold value of the particle size as a reference for determining the availability of the earth and sand.
When the water content ratio and the particle size are equal to or less than the water content ratio threshold value and the particle size threshold value, it is determined that the earth and sand can be used for the soil cement, and the water content ratio and the particle size are determined. If at least one of them is greater than the water content threshold and the particle size threshold, the sediment comprises a step of determining that the soil is not available for the soil cement.
The threshold value of the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, the threshold value of the water content ratio, and the threshold value of the particle size are
A step of measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of a plurality of specimens prepared using a plurality of the earth and sand, and a step of measuring the uniaxial compressive strength.
Correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the viable cell quantity of the microorganism, the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the water content ratio, and the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen and the particle size. The process of obtaining and
Based on the correlation obtained in the step of obtaining the correlation, the viable cell quantity, the water content ratio, and the particle size of the microorganism corresponding to the uniaxial compressive strength required for the soil cement are set to the rawness of the microorganism. A method for determining the availability of earth and sand, which is defined as a threshold value for the number of bacteria, a threshold value for the water content ratio, and a threshold value for the particle size.
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