JP6961744B2 - Dental root canal cutting tool - Google Patents

Dental root canal cutting tool Download PDF

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JP6961744B2
JP6961744B2 JP2020072926A JP2020072926A JP6961744B2 JP 6961744 B2 JP6961744 B2 JP 6961744B2 JP 2020072926 A JP2020072926 A JP 2020072926A JP 2020072926 A JP2020072926 A JP 2020072926A JP 6961744 B2 JP6961744 B2 JP 6961744B2
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root canal
rear end
cutting tool
shaft
working
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光一 那花
晋作 畔柳
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Mani Inc
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Description

本発明は、歯科治療において根管の拡大・清掃に用いられる歯科用根管切削具に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a dental root canal cutting tool used for expanding and cleaning a root canal in dental treatment.

歯科治療において根管拡大や清掃に用いられる歯科用根管切削具としては、リーマやファイルがある（特許文献１参照）。リーマは主に回転させることで根管内を切削し、ファイルは回転させたり軸方向に押し引きしたりして根管内の切削をするものである。 Reamers and files are examples of dental root canal cutting tools used for root canal enlargement and cleaning in dental treatment (see Patent Document 1). The reamer mainly cuts the inside of the root canal by rotating it, and the file cuts the inside of the root canal by rotating it or pushing and pulling it in the axial direction.

従来の歯科用根管切削具はステンレス製であったが、近年は湾曲した根管の治療に適した弾力性の高いニッケルチタンが用いられることがある。更に、動力としては手動式だけでなく、歯科用ハンドピース（エンジン）に接続して用いられる電動式も増えている。そして、電動式にすることで、治療を迅速に行うことを可能としている。 Conventional dental root canal cutting tools are made of stainless steel, but in recent years, nickel titanium with high elasticity suitable for treating curved root canals may be used. Furthermore, as power, not only the manual type but also the electric type used by connecting to a dental handpiece (engine) is increasing. And, by making it electric, it is possible to perform treatment quickly.

図４は、歯科用根管切削具の斜視図である。ここに示した歯科用根管切削具１００は、歯科用ハンドピースに接続して用いられるファイルである。この歯科用根管切削具１００は、螺旋状で先端に向かって細くなっている形状の切刃からなる作業部１０１と、その作業部１０１の後端に連なるシャフト１０２と、そのシャフト１０２の後端に連なり歯科用ハンドピースに取り付けられる把持部１０３と、を有している。 FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a dental root canal cutting tool. The dental root canal cutting tool 100 shown here is a file used by connecting to a dental handpiece. The dental root canal cutting tool 100 includes a working portion 101 formed of a spiral cutting edge having a shape that narrows toward the tip, a shaft 102 connected to the rear end of the working portion 101, and a rear portion of the shaft 102. It has a grip 103 that is connected to the end and attached to the dental handpiece.

このような歯科用根管切削具の一般的な製造方法は、まず、細い線材から作業部になる部分をセンターレス加工機により一定のテーパー率（例えば、２／１００等）になるように加工し、その後、刃溝研削機により作業部の切刃になる溝を形成する。ここで、太い線材から加工すれば、作業部になる部分のテーパーと、切刃になる溝とを同時に形成することが技術的には可能であるが、研削量が多く砥石を傷めやすいことから、細い線材からテーパー形成と切刃形成の２段階に研削するという方法を採用することが多い。ニッケルチタンファイルの場合は、特に砥石を傷めやすいので、細い線材から形成するのがよい。 In a general manufacturing method of such a dental root canal cutting tool, first, a part from a thin wire rod to a working part is processed by a centerless processing machine so as to have a constant taper ratio (for example, 2/100, etc.). Then, a groove to be a cutting edge of the working part is formed by a blade groove grinder. Here, if a thick wire is processed, it is technically possible to form a taper of the working part and a groove of the cutting edge at the same time, but since the amount of grinding is large and the grindstone is easily damaged. In many cases, a method of grinding a thin wire rod in two stages of taper forming and cutting edge forming is adopted. Nickel-titanium files are particularly vulnerable to damage to the grindstone, so it is best to use thin wires.

しかし、太い線材から形成する場合であれば、作業部の長さを長くできるという利点があるのだが、細い線材から形成する場合は、作業部の長さを長くできないという不利益がある。つまり、歯科用ハンドピースに接続して迅速に根管内を切削しようとしても、作業部の長さが短いので、切削物を根管から円滑に排出することが難しいという問題を有することになる。 However, when it is formed from a thick wire, it has an advantage that the length of the working portion can be increased, but when it is formed from a thin wire, it has a disadvantage that the length of the working portion cannot be increased. That is, even if an attempt is made to quickly cut the inside of the root canal by connecting to a dental handpiece, there is a problem that it is difficult to smoothly discharge the cut object from the root canal because the length of the working portion is short. ..

特許第４２４７３４６号Patent No. 4247346

斯かる事情に鑑み、本発明は、歯科用ハンドピースに取り付けて使用する歯科用根管切削具であって、根管内を切削して生じた切削物の排出を円滑に行うことができるものを提供することを目的とする。 In view of such circumstances, the present invention is a dental root canal cutting tool used by attaching to a dental handpiece, which can smoothly discharge a cutting piece generated by cutting the inside of the root canal. The purpose is to provide.

本発明に係る歯科用根管切削具は、螺旋状の切刃からなり先端に向かって細くなっている形状の作業部と、その作業部の後端に連なるシャフトと、そのシャフトの後端に連なり歯科用ハンドピースに接続される把持部と、を有し、前記シャフトが、作業部の後端に向かって細くなっているテーパー部と、そのテーパー部の後端に連なりテーパー部の最太部の径と同一径のストレート部と、からなり、テーパー部の最細部の径が作業部の後端断面の外接円の径よりも小さいことを特徴とする。 The dental root canal cutting tool according to the present invention has a working portion having a spiral cutting edge and a shape that tapers toward the tip, a shaft connected to the rear end of the working portion, and a rear end of the shaft. It has a grip portion connected to a continuous dental handpiece, and the shaft has a tapered portion that narrows toward the rear end of the working portion and a tapered portion that is continuous with the rear end of the tapered portion and is the thickest of the tapered portion. It is composed of a straight portion having the same diameter as the diameter of the portion, and is characterized in that the diameter of the finest taper portion is smaller than the diameter of the circumscribing circle of the rear end cross section of the working portion.

本発明によれば、シャフトにテーパー部を設けることで、作業部が切削した切削物を根管の外へ円滑に排出することができるという効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, by providing the tapered portion on the shaft, it is possible to smoothly discharge the cut piece cut by the working portion to the outside of the root canal.

シャフトに螺旋溝を有する歯科用根管切削具であって、（ａ）斜視図、（ｂ）はシャフトの拡大平面図である。A dental root canal cutting tool having a spiral groove on the shaft, (a) a perspective view and (b) an enlarged plan view of the shaft. シャフトにテーパー部を有する歯科用根管切削具であって、（ａ）斜視図、（ｂ）はシャフトの拡大平面図である。A dental root canal cutting tool having a tapered portion on the shaft, (a) a perspective view and (b) an enlarged plan view of the shaft. 作業部の後端断面を示す図であって、（ａ）は作業部断面が三角形の場合、（ｂ）は作業部断面が円形の一部を切り取った形状の場合である。It is a figure which shows the rear end cross section of a working part, (a) is the case where the cross section of a working part is a triangle, and (b) is the case where the cross section of a working part is a part cut out of a circle. 歯科用根管切削具の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the dental root canal cutting tool.

本発明は、シャフトに切削物の排出性を向上させる機能を付加した歯科用根管切削具である。以下、本発明の実施の形態を添付図面を参照して説明する。 The present invention is a dental root canal cutting tool in which a function of improving the dischargeability of a cutting object is added to a shaft. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は、シャフトに螺旋溝を有する歯科用根管切削具であって、（ａ）斜視図、（ｂ）はシャフトの拡大平面図である。 FIG. 1 is a dental root canal cutting tool having a spiral groove on the shaft, (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is an enlarged plan view of the shaft.

この歯科用根管切削具１０は、螺旋状の切刃からなり先端に向かって細くなっている形状の作業部１１と、その作業部１１の後端に連なり作業部１１の後端断面の外接円と同一径のシャフト１２と、そのシャフト１２の後端に連なり図示しない歯科用ハンドピースに接続される把持部１３と、を有するものである。つまり、歯科用ハンドピースに接続して使用される歯科用根管切削具１０であって、ステンレス鋼製やニッケルチタン製等のファイルが該当する。 The dental root canal cutting tool 10 has a working portion 11 having a spiral cutting edge and a shape that narrows toward the tip, and a circumscribed circle of the rear end cross section of the working portion 11 connected to the rear end of the working portion 11. It has a shaft 12 having the same diameter as the circle, and a grip portion 13 connected to the rear end of the shaft 12 and connected to a dental handpiece (not shown). That is, the dental root canal cutting tool 10 used by connecting to the dental handpiece, and corresponds to a file made of stainless steel, nickel titanium, or the like.

ここで、シャフト１２には、作業部１１の切刃から連続する螺旋溝１２ａが形成されている。なお、その螺旋溝１２ａは、切刃の螺旋状よりも螺旋ピッチが大きいことにしたり、切刃の螺旋状よりも溝幅が大きいことにしたりすることで、切削物の排出性をさらに向上させることができる。ただし、螺旋溝１２ａの長さなどの詳細な形状を設計する際には、切削物の排出性と歯科用根管治療器具１０の破断強度とのバランスを検討する必要がある。 Here, the shaft 12 is formed with a spiral groove 12a continuous from the cutting edge of the working portion 11. The spiral groove 12a has a larger spiral pitch than the spiral shape of the cutting edge and a groove width larger than the spiral shape of the cutting edge to further improve the discharge property of the cutting material. be able to. However, when designing a detailed shape such as the length of the spiral groove 12a, it is necessary to consider the balance between the dischargeability of the cutting piece and the breaking strength of the dental root canal treatment instrument 10.

図２は、シャフトにテーパー部を有する歯科用根管切削具であって、（ａ）斜視図、（ｂ）はシャフトの拡大平面図である。なお、テーパー部２２ａを設けず、シャンク２２の全長を細い径にすると、切削物の排出性を向上させることはできるのだが、歯科用根管切削具２０の破断強度は弱くなるため、テーパー部２２ａとすることで破断強度を担保している。 FIG. 2 is a dental root canal cutting tool having a tapered portion on the shaft, and FIG. 2A is a perspective view and FIG. 2B is an enlarged plan view of the shaft. If the taper portion 22a is not provided and the total length of the shank 22 is reduced to a small diameter, the dischargeability of the cutting material can be improved, but the breaking strength of the dental root canal cutting tool 20 is weakened, so that the tapered portion The breaking strength is guaranteed by setting it to 22a.

この歯科用根管切削具２０は、図１で示したものと同様に、螺旋状の切刃からなり先端に向かって細くなっている形状の作業部２１と、その作業部２１の後端に連なるシャフト２２と、そのシャフト２２の後端に連なり図示していない歯科用ハンドピースに接続される把持部２３と、を有するものである。 Similar to the one shown in FIG. 1, the dental root canal cutting tool 20 has a working portion 21 having a spiral cutting edge and a shape that tapers toward the tip, and a rear end of the working portion 21. It has a series of shafts 22 and a grip portion 23 that is connected to the rear end of the shaft 22 and is connected to a dental handpiece (not shown).

ここで、シャフト２２は、作業部２１の後端に向かって細くなっているテーパー部２２ａと、テーパー部２２ａの後端に連なりテーパー部２２ａの最太部の径と同一径のストレート部２２ｂと、からなる。 Here, the shaft 22 includes a tapered portion 22a that narrows toward the rear end of the working portion 21 and a straight portion 22b that is connected to the rear end of the tapered portion 22a and has the same diameter as the thickest portion of the tapered portion 22a. Consists of.

そして、テーパー部２２ａの最細部の径は、作業部２１の後端断面の外接円の径よりも小さいこととする。図３は、作業部の後端断面を示す図であって、（ａ）は作業部断面が三角形の場合、（ｂ）は作業部断面が円形の一部を切り取った形状の場合である。なお、当然この作業部２１の後端２１ａの形状は例示であり、この二種類に限定されるものではない。 The diameter of the finest taper portion 22a is smaller than the diameter of the circumscribed circle in the rear end cross section of the working portion 21. 3A and 3B are views showing a cross section of the rear end of the working portion. FIG. 3A is a case where the cross section of the working portion is triangular, and FIG. 3B is a case where the cross section of the working portion is a part of a circle. Of course, the shape of the rear end 21a of the working portion 21 is an example, and the shape is not limited to these two types.

ここで、作業部２１は先端が細くなっているテーパー形状なので、作業部２１の後端２１ａは、作業部２１の最太部ということになる。そして、外接円２１ｃというのは、その作業部２１の後端２１ａの断面を内接する円のことであり、図では二点鎖線で示している。つまり、外接円２１ｃは、図３（ａ）のように作業部２１の後端２１ａの断面形状が三角形などの多角形の場合は、その多角形の各頂点が円周上を通る円となる。また、図３（ｂ）のように断面形状が円の一部を切り取って切刃を形成しているような形状の場合は、その切り取られた一部を仮想的に埋めた円を外接円２１ｃと考えればよい。 Here, since the working portion 21 has a tapered shape with a tapered tip, the rear end 21a of the working portion 21 is the thickest portion of the working portion 21. The circumscribed circle 21c is a circle inscribed in the cross section of the rear end 21a of the working portion 21, and is indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure. That is, when the cross-sectional shape of the rear end 21a of the working portion 21 is a polygon such as a triangle as shown in FIG. 3A, the circumscribed circle 21c is a circle in which each vertex of the polygon passes on the circumference. .. Further, in the case where the cross-sectional shape is such that a part of the circle is cut out to form a cutting edge as shown in FIG. 3B, the circle in which the cut part is virtually filled is the circumscribed circle. You can think of it as 21c.

なお、切削物の排出性を考えると、テーパー部２２ａの最細部の径２２ａ１は、図３（ａ）のように作業部の後端２１ａの断面が多角形の場合は、破線に示すような、その多角形の内接円くらいの径又はそれ以下の径にするのがよいと考えられる。同様に、図３（ｂ）のように作業部２１の後端２１ａの断面が円の一部を切り取った形状の場合は、図３（ｂ）の破線に示すような、その切り取られた部分の底の位置に接するような径又はそれ以下の径にするのがよい。これらのような形状にすれば、螺旋状の切刃を通ってきた切削物を、滑らかにテーパー部２２ａに侵入させて排出することができるからである。 Considering the discharge property of the cut piece, the diameter 22a1 of the finest part of the tapered portion 22a is as shown by a broken line when the cross section of the rear end 21a of the working portion is polygonal as shown in FIG. 3A. , It is considered that the diameter should be about the diameter of the inscribed circle of the polygon or less. Similarly, when the cross section of the rear end 21a of the working portion 21 has a shape obtained by cutting out a part of a circle as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the cut out portion as shown by the broken line in FIG. 3 (b). The diameter should be such that it is in contact with the position of the bottom of the. This is because if the shape is formed as described above, the cutting material that has passed through the spiral cutting edge can be smoothly penetrated into the tapered portion 22a and discharged.

まとめると、テーパー部２２ａの最細部の径２２ａ１は、作業部の後端２１ａの外接円２１ｃよりも小さい径であって、できれば、作業部の後端２１ａの内接円程度の径にするのがよい。ただし、最細部の径２２ａ１が小さい場合には、歯科用根管切削具としての破断強度が弱くなるので、強度と排出性のバランスを考えた設計が必要となる。 In summary, the finest diameter 22a1 of the tapered portion 22a is smaller than the circumscribed circle 21c of the rear end 21a of the working portion, and if possible, has a diameter of about the inscribed circle of the rear end 21a of the working portion. Is good. However, when the diameter 22a1 of the finest detail is small, the breaking strength as a dental root canal cutting tool becomes weak, so that a design considering the balance between strength and dischargeability is required.

以上のように、本発明では、シャンクに螺旋溝やテーパー部を設けることで切削物の排出性を高めているので、基本的には、歯科用ハンドピースに取り付けるものが対象となっている。把手を設けて、手で動かすタイプの場合は、切削物の排出量がそれ程多くないため、螺旋溝やテーパー部を設けても排出を促す効果は小さいからである。ただし、手動の場合でも、切削物は排出されるので、本発明と同様の螺旋溝やテーパー部を設けても問題はない。 As described above, in the present invention, since the shank is provided with a spiral groove or a tapered portion to improve the discharge property of the cut piece, basically, the object to be attached to the dental handpiece is targeted. This is because in the case of the type in which the handle is provided and moved by hand, the amount of the cut piece discharged is not so large, and even if the spiral groove or the tapered portion is provided, the effect of promoting the discharge is small. However, even in the case of manual operation, since the cut piece is discharged, there is no problem even if the spiral groove and the tapered portion similar to those of the present invention are provided.

１０、２０ 歯科用根管切削具
１１、２１ 作業部
２１ａ 作業部の後端
１２、２２ シャフト
１２ａ 螺旋溝
２２ａ テーパー部
２２ａ１ 最細部の径
２２ｂ ストレート部
１３、２３ 把持部 10, 20 Dental root canal cutting tool 11, 21 Working part 21a Rear end of working part 12, 22 Shaft 12a Spiral groove 22a Tapered part 22a1 Finest diameter 22b Straight part 13, 23 Gripping part

Claims (1)

螺旋状の切刃からなり先端に向かって細くなっている形状の作業部と、
前記作業部の後端に連なるシャフトと、
前記シャフトの後端に連なり歯科用ハンドピースに接続される把持部と、を有し、
前記シャフトの断面は円形であって、前記作業部の後端に向かって細くなっており断面が円形で切刃を有しないテーパー部と、前記テーパー部の後端に連なり前記テーパー部の最太部の径と同一径のストレート部と、からなり、前記テーパー部の最細部の径が前記作業部の後端断面の外接円の径よりも小さいことを特徴とする歯科用根管切削具。 A working part that consists of a spiral cutting edge and has a shape that tapers toward the tip,
With the shaft connected to the rear end of the working part,
It has a grip that is connected to the rear end of the shaft and is connected to the dental handpiece.
The shaft has a circular cross section, which is tapered toward the rear end of the working portion and has a circular cross section and does not have a cutting edge. A dental root pipe cutting tool comprising a straight portion having the same diameter as the portion, and having the diameter of the finest taper portion smaller than the diameter of the circumscribing circle of the rear end cross section of the working portion.
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KR20120089685A (en) * 2009-10-21 2012-08-13 후쿠이 켄 Drill for composite material as well as machining method using same and machining apparatus using same
WO2014118587A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Maillefer Instruments Holding Sàrl Instrument for boring dental root canals

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