JP6953645B1

JP6953645B1 - Water supply mechanism and water wheel

Info

Publication number: JP6953645B1
Application number: JP2021047250A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 大助増田
Original assignee: 富士・フォイトハイドロ株式会社
Priority date: 2021-03-22
Filing date: 2021-03-22
Publication date: 2021-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-22
Also published as: JP2022146343A

Abstract

【課題】清水を使用せずに、効率的に運用可能な給水機構を提供する。【解決手段】給水機構２Ａは、土砂類を除去するろ過装置３０と、河川水が流れる水路１００に設けられた取水口１０とろ過装置３０との間を連通する上流配管Ｕと、水路１００に設けられる水車ランナ８２の主軸８０と摺動する封水装置７０Ａとろ過装置３０とを連通する下流配管Ｄと、ろ過装置３０によって土砂類が取り除かれた水の一部を上流配管Ｕに還流させる還流配管Ｆ１と、を備える。【選択図】図１PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water supply mechanism capable of efficiently operating without using fresh water. SOLUTION: A water supply mechanism 2A is provided in a filtration device 30 for removing earth and sand, an upstream pipe U communicating between an intake port 10 provided in a water channel 100 through which river water flows and a filtration device 30, and a water channel 100. The downstream pipe D that communicates the water sealing device 70A that slides with the main shaft 80 of the water wheel runner 82 provided and the filtration device 30, and a part of the water from which the earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device 30 are returned to the upstream pipe U. A recirculation pipe F1 is provided. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

本開示は、水車の主軸に関する装置に水を供給するための給水機構及び水車に関する。 The present disclosure relates to a water supply mechanism and a turbine for supplying water to a device related to the spindle of the turbine.

水車の主軸の軸受に水潤滑を用いる給水装置が特許文献１に開示されている。この給水装置では、軸受摺動部に土砂類を含む河川水が侵入することを防止するために水道水等の清水を利用する。主軸とカバーとの間には、封水装置と軸受が設けられる。封水装置は水車内へ河川水が流入しないようにシールするパッキンが用いられる。清水は、河川水よりも高い圧力で軸受及び封水装置に注入される。給水装置は、清水の利用効率を高めるために、清水の循環機構を備える。給水装置は、封水給水圧を確保するために、十分な容量を持つ給水ポンプと、十分な高さに配置した上部水槽を備える。 Patent Document 1 discloses a water supply device that uses water lubrication for the bearing of the main shaft of the water turbine. In this water supply device, fresh water such as tap water is used to prevent river water including earth and sand from entering the sliding portion of the bearing. A water sealing device and a bearing are provided between the spindle and the cover. The water sealing device uses packing that seals the river water so that it does not flow into the water turbine. Fresh water is injected into bearings and water sealers at a higher pressure than river water. The water supply device is provided with a fresh water circulation mechanism in order to improve the utilization efficiency of fresh water. The water supply device includes a water supply pump having a sufficient capacity and an upper water tank arranged at a sufficient height in order to secure the sealing water supply pressure.

特開昭５４−１３７５３５号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 54-137535

従来の給水装置では、給水源として水道水又はそれに準ずる清水が必要である。しかし、清水が入手困難な場所では採用できず、更に清水の消費コストがかかるといった問題がある。
本開示は、以上の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、清水を用いずに運用可能な給水機構を提供する。 In the conventional water supply device, tap water or similar fresh water is required as a water supply source. However, there is a problem that it cannot be adopted in places where it is difficult to obtain fresh water, and the consumption cost of fresh water is high.
This disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a water supply mechanism that can be operated without using fresh water.

上記課題を解決するために本開示の給水機構は、土砂類を除去するろ過装置と、河川水が流れる水路に設けられた取水口と前記ろ過装置との間を連通する上流配管と、前記水路に設けられる水車ランナの主軸の外周面に取り付けられる主軸摺動装置と前記ろ過装置とを連通する下流配管と、前記ろ過装置によって土砂類が取り除かれた水の一部を前記上流配管に還流させる還流配管と、を備える。 In order to solve the above problems, the water supply mechanism of the present disclosure includes a filtration device for removing earth and sand, an upstream pipe for communicating between an intake port provided in a water channel through which river water flows and the filtration device, and the water channel. A downstream pipe that communicates the main shaft sliding device attached to the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft of the water wheel runner provided in the above and the filtration device, and a part of water from which earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device is returned to the upstream pipe. It is equipped with a return pipe.

本開示の第１実施形態に係る水車１Ａの構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the water turbine 1A which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this disclosure. 給水機構２Ａに用いられる封水装置７０Ａの構成例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the water sealing device 70A used for the water supply mechanism 2A. 封水装置７０Ａの一部を拡大した断面図である。It is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of a water sealing device 70A. 本開示の第２実施形態に係る水車１Ｂの構成例を示すブロック図であるIt is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the water turbine 1B which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this disclosure. 給水機構２Ｂに用いられる封水装置７０Ｂの構成例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the water sealing device 70B used for the water supply mechanism 2B. 封水装置７０Ｂの他の構成例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of a water sealing device 70B. 本開示の第３実施形態に係る水車１Ｃの構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the water turbine 1C which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this disclosure. 給水機構２Ｃの逆洗時における水の流れる方向を説明するための説明図である。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the flow direction of water at the time of backwashing of a water supply mechanism 2C. 本開示の第４実施形態に係る水車１Ｄの構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the water turbine 1D which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this disclosure. 本開示の第５実施形態に係る水車１Ｅの構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the water turbine 1E which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this disclosure.

以下、図面を参照しながら本開示に係る実施形態を説明する。なお、図面において各部の寸法及び縮尺は実際のものと適宜異なる。また、以下に記載する実施形態は、本開示の好適な具体例である。このため、以下の実施形態には、技術的に好ましい種々の限定が付されている。しかし、本開示の範囲は、以下の説明において特に本開示を限定する旨の記載がない限り、これらの形態に限られるものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the dimensions and scale of each part are appropriately different from the actual ones. In addition, the embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present disclosure. For this reason, the following embodiments are subject to various technically preferred limitations. However, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to these forms unless otherwise stated in the following description to limit the present disclosure.

１．第１実施形態
図１は、本開示の第１実施形態に係る水車１Ａの構成例を示すブロック図である。水車１Ａは、例えば、水力発電所の施設に用いられる。水車１Ａは、給水機構２Ａ、主軸８０、水車ランナ８２、ガイドベーン８４、及び水路１００を備える。 1. 1. First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a water turbine 1A according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The water turbine 1A is used, for example, in a facility of a hydroelectric power plant. The turbine 1A includes a water supply mechanism 2A, a spindle 80, a turbine runner 82, a guide vane 84, and a water channel 100.

河川水が流れる水路１００には、水車ランナ８２が配置される。水路１００は、例えば、鉄管又はコンクリートのケーシングによって構成される。水車ランナ８２は主軸８０と連結されている。ガイドベーン８４は水車ランナ８２を回転させる河川水の水量を調整する。主軸８０は、その外周の一部に円筒状のスリーブ８１を備える。 A water turbine runner 82 is arranged in the water channel 100 through which river water flows. The water channel 100 is composed of, for example, an iron pipe or a concrete casing. The turbine runner 82 is connected to the spindle 80. The guide vane 84 adjusts the amount of river water that rotates the turbine runner 82. The spindle 80 includes a cylindrical sleeve 81 on a part of the outer circumference thereof.

給水機構２Ａは、主軸８０に取り付けられる封水装置７０Ａを備える。主軸８０は、カバー９０の内側に配置される。封水装置７０Ａは、水路１００の河川水がカバー９０の上側に侵入しないように、水路１００の水圧よりも高い圧力で給水され、封水装置７０Ａから給水が漏れ出すように構成される。給水機構２Ａは、封水装置７０Ａに前述した給水を行う。封水装置７０Ａは、主軸８０の外周面に取り付けられる。封水装置７０Ａは、主軸８０の外周面と摺動する主軸摺動装置の一例である。 The water supply mechanism 2A includes a water sealing device 70A attached to the spindle 80. The spindle 80 is arranged inside the cover 90. The water sealing device 70A is configured so that water is supplied at a pressure higher than the water pressure of the water channel 100 so that the river water of the water channel 100 does not enter the upper side of the cover 90, and the water supply leaks from the water sealing device 70A. The water supply mechanism 2A supplies the water to the water sealing device 70A as described above. The water sealing device 70A is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 80. The water sealing device 70A is an example of a spindle sliding device that slides on the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 80.

図２Ａは封水装置７０Ａの構成例を示す断面図であり、図２Ｂは図２Ａに示される封水装置７０Ａを拡大した断面図である。図２Ａ及び図２Ｂに示されるように、封水装置７０Ａは、スリーブ８１と摺動する。 FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the water sealing device 70A, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the water sealing device 70A shown in FIG. 2A. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the water sealing device 70A slides on the sleeve 81.

封水装置７０Ａは、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂ、スプリング７２ａ及び７２ｂ、パッキンケース７３ａ、７３ｂ及び７３ｃ、並びに給水口７４を備える。 The water sealing device 70A includes packings 71a and 71b, springs 72a and 72b, packing cases 73a, 73b and 73c, and a water supply port 74.

パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂは、複数個の円弧状のセグメントを組み合わせて構成される。パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂは、スリーブ８１と摺動する。パッキンケース７３ａは、パッキン７１ａ及びスプリング７２ａを収容し、パッキンケース７３ｂは、パッキン７１ｂ及びスプリング７２ｂを収容する。スプリング７２ａはパッキン７１ａをスリーブ８１に押圧し、スプリング７２ｂはパッキン７１ｂをスリーブ８１に押圧する。パッキン７１ａとパッキンケース７３ａとの間、パッキン７１ｂとパッキンケース７３ｂとの間にはわずかなギャップがあり、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂが主軸８０の動きに追従できるようになっている。 The packings 71a and 71b are formed by combining a plurality of arcuate segments. The packings 71a and 71b slide with the sleeve 81. The packing case 73a houses the packing 71a and the spring 72a, and the packing case 73b houses the packing 71b and the spring 72b. The spring 72a presses the packing 71a against the sleeve 81, and the spring 72b presses the packing 71b against the sleeve 81. There is a slight gap between the packing 71a and the packing case 73a, and between the packing 71b and the packing case 73b so that the packings 71a and 71b can follow the movement of the spindle 80.

下流配管Ｄから封水装置７０Ａに流れ込む水は、給水口７４を介して封水装置７０Ａ中に流れ込む。この水は、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂとスリーブ８１との摺動面、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂとパッキンケース７３ａ及び７３ｂのギャップから漏れ出る。主軸８０の回転に伴って、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂは、スリーブ８１と摺動するが、摺動面に漏れ出る水によって、スリーブ８１とパッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂとの間の摩擦力が低減すると共に摩擦熱が放熱される。 The water flowing from the downstream pipe D into the water sealing device 70A flows into the water sealing device 70A through the water supply port 74. This water leaks from the sliding surface between the packings 71a and 71b and the sleeve 81, and from the gap between the packings 71a and 71b and the packing cases 73a and 73b. The packings 71a and 71b slide with the sleeve 81 as the spindle 80 rotates, but the water leaking to the sliding surface reduces the frictional force between the sleeve 81 and the packings 71a and 71b and also causes frictional heat. Is dissipated.

封水装置７０Ａに供給される水は、ギャップの詰まり防止、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂとスリーブ８１との摺動面の摩耗防止のため、土砂類が十分除去される必要がある。また、上述したように、封水装置７０Ａの給水圧は、水路１００を流れる河川水の圧力よりも高いことが必要である。 The water supplied to the water sealing device 70A needs to be sufficiently removed of earth and sand in order to prevent the gap from being clogged and the sliding surfaces of the packings 71a and 71b and the sleeve 81 from being worn. Further, as described above, the water supply pressure of the water sealing device 70A needs to be higher than the pressure of the river water flowing through the water channel 100.

図1に示される水路１００には取水口１０が設けられており、取水口１０から河川水が給水機構２Ａに取り込まれる。取水口１０とろ過装置３０とは上流配管Ｕを介して連通する。上流配管Ｕは、合流点Ｘにおいて還流配管Ｆ１と連通する。還流配管Ｆ１には、還流水が流れる。この例では、合流点Ｘとろ過装置３０との間にポンプ２０が配置される。ポンプ２０は流入する水に対して加圧して吐出する。ろ過装置３０には、上流配管Ｕから河川水と還流水とが混合された水が流れ込む。この水には河川水に含まれる土砂類が混入している。 The water channel 100 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with an intake port 10, and river water is taken into the water supply mechanism 2A from the water intake port 10. The water intake port 10 and the filtration device 30 communicate with each other via the upstream pipe U. The upstream pipe U communicates with the recirculation pipe F1 at the confluence X. Reflux water flows through the reflux pipe F1. In this example, the pump 20 is arranged between the confluence X and the filtration device 30. The pump 20 pressurizes and discharges the inflowing water. Water in which river water and reflux water are mixed flows into the filtration device 30 from the upstream pipe U. Sediment contained in river water is mixed in this water.

ろ過装置３０は、水に含まれる土砂類を除去する。土砂類には、土及び砂の他、固形物が含まれる。ろ過装置３０は、例えば、サンドセパレータ及びストレーナ等が該当する。サンドセパレータは、遠心分離部と収容部とを備える。遠心分離部は流入する水に渦を発生させることにより、遠心力で土砂類を分離する。収容部は分離された土砂類を収容する。ストレーナは、網目状のエレメントと収容部を備え、異物をエレメントで捕集する。収容部は捕集した土砂類を収容する。ろ過装置３０は、サンドセパレータ単体、ストレーナ単体、又はサンドセパレータとストレーナとの組み合わせで構成されてもよい。 The filtration device 30 removes earth and sand contained in water. Sediment includes solid matter in addition to soil and sand. The filtration device 30 corresponds to, for example, a sand separator, a strainer, or the like. The sand separator includes a centrifuge and an accommodating portion. The centrifuge separates earth and sand by centrifugal force by generating a vortex in the flowing water. The containment section stores the separated soil. The strainer has a mesh-like element and a housing, and collects foreign matter with the element. The containment area stores the collected earth and sand. The filtration device 30 may be composed of a sand separator alone, a strainer alone, or a combination of a sand separator and a strainer.

ろ過装置３０は、排砂弁３１を介して、排水槽３２と接続される。排砂弁３１を間欠的に開くことで、サンドセパレータ又はストレーナの収容部に蓄積された土砂類が間欠的に水と共に排水槽３２に排出される。 The filtration device 30 is connected to the drainage tank 32 via a sand removal valve 31. By intermittently opening the sand discharge valve 31, the earth and sand accumulated in the accommodating portion of the sand separator or strainer is intermittently discharged to the drain tank 32 together with water.

ろ過装置３０は、分岐点Ｙを通り封水装置７０Ａに至る下流配管Ｄと接続される。下流配管Ｄは、分岐点Ｙにおいて分岐する還流配管Ｆ１と連通する。還流配管Ｆ１には調整装置５０が設けられる。調整装置５０は封水装置７０Ａの給水圧及び還流配管Ｆ１に流れる水の水量の少なくとも一方を調整することができる。調整装置５０としては、流量調整弁、オリフィス、及び可変絞り弁等を用いることができる。 The filtration device 30 is connected to a downstream pipe D that passes through the branch point Y and reaches the water sealing device 70A. The downstream pipe D communicates with the recirculation pipe F1 that branches at the branch point Y. An adjusting device 50 is provided in the return pipe F1. The adjusting device 50 can adjust at least one of the water supply pressure of the water sealing device 70A and the amount of water flowing through the recirculation pipe F1. As the adjusting device 50, a flow rate adjusting valve, an orifice, a variable throttle valve, and the like can be used.

上述したように封水装置７０Ａは下流配管Ｄからの給水によって、ギャップ及び摺動面から水が漏れ出る。封水装置７０Ａへの給水量は漏れ出る水の量によって定まるので、封水装置７０Ａへの給水量は、僅かであり、しかも不安定である。 As described above, in the water sealing device 70A, water leaks from the gap and the sliding surface due to the water supply from the downstream pipe D. Since the amount of water supplied to the water sealing device 70A is determined by the amount of water leaking out, the amount of water supplied to the water sealing device 70A is small and unstable.

仮に、調整装置５０を分岐点Ｙと封水装置７０Ａとの間に設けると、調整装置５０を通過する水量は、少量且つ不安定である。調整装置５０にて給水圧を調整する場合、調整装置５０は絞り部を通過する際の圧力損失によって圧力を調整するため、給水量が少量且つ不安定な場合、圧力の調整が容易でなく、更に頻繁な再調整が必要となる。 If the adjusting device 50 is provided between the branch point Y and the water sealing device 70A, the amount of water passing through the adjusting device 50 is small and unstable. When the water supply pressure is adjusted by the adjusting device 50, the adjusting device 50 adjusts the pressure by the pressure loss when passing through the throttle portion. Therefore, when the amount of water supplied is small and unstable, it is not easy to adjust the pressure. More frequent readjustments are required.

調整装置５０に十分な水量の水を供給するため、下流配管Ｄから分岐した配管に調整装置５０を設け、調整装置５０を通過した後の水を排水槽等に廃棄することも考えられる。調整装置５０を通過した水を廃棄すれば、調整装置５０による圧力調整を容易とし、再調整の回数を低減できる。しかしながら、この場合には、取水口１０から流入する河川水も増加し、河川水と共に流入する土砂の量も増加する。 In order to supply a sufficient amount of water to the adjusting device 50, it is conceivable to provide the adjusting device 50 in the pipe branched from the downstream pipe D and dispose of the water after passing through the adjusting device 50 into a drainage tank or the like. If the water that has passed through the adjusting device 50 is discarded, the pressure adjustment by the adjusting device 50 can be facilitated and the number of readjustments can be reduced. However, in this case, the river water flowing in from the intake 10 also increases, and the amount of earth and sand flowing in together with the river water also increases.

そこで、給水機構２Ａは、還流配管Ｆ１を用いて、ろ過装置３０を通過した水の一部を分岐し、調整装置５０を通過した後、上流配管Ｕに還流させることによって、閉ループを構成した。ここで、取水口１０から取り込む河川水の水量をＱ１、ろ過装置３０から土砂類を排出する際に捨てられる水量をＱ２、封水装置７０Ａから漏れ出る水量をΔＱとする。なお、Ｑ２は、1回の排出に伴う水の量を長時間で平均した水量である。 Therefore, the water supply mechanism 2A forms a closed loop by branching a part of the water that has passed through the filtration device 30 using the return pipe F1, passing through the adjusting device 50, and then returning the water to the upstream pipe U. Here, let Q1 be the amount of river water taken in from the intake port 10, Q2 be the amount of water discarded when discharging earth and sand from the filtration device 30, and ΔQ be the amount of water leaking from the water sealing device 70A. Q2 is the amount of water obtained by averaging the amount of water associated with one discharge over a long period of time.

この場合、取水口１０から取り込む河川水の取水量Ｑ１は以下の式１で与えられる。
Ｑ１＝ΔＱ＋Ｑ２…式１
また、還流配管Ｆ１を流れる還流水の流量をＱ３、ろ過装置３０に流れ込む水の水量をＱ４とした場合、水量Ｑ４に占める取水量Ｑ１の割合は、以下に示す式２で与えられる。
Ｑ１／Ｑ４＝Ｑ１／（Ｑ１＋Ｑ３）…式２ In this case, the intake amount Q1 of the river water taken in from the intake port 10 is given by the following equation 1.
Q1 = ΔQ + Q2 ... Equation 1
Further, assuming that the flow rate of the reflux water flowing through the reflux pipe F1 is Q3 and the amount of water flowing into the filtration device 30 is Q4, the ratio of the intake amount Q1 to the water amount Q4 is given by the following equation 2.
Q1 / Q4 = Q1 / (Q1 + Q3) ... Equation 2

取水量Ｑ１は、式１に示されるように封水装置７０Ａから漏れ出る水量ΔＱと排砂に伴う水量Ｑ２の合計に過ぎなく、還流水量Ｑ３よりも大幅に小さい。このため、河川水と共に閉ループに流入する土砂類は、還流配管Ｆ１を設けず分岐管の水を廃棄する場合と比較して大幅に減少する。その結果、封水装置７０Ａへの土砂侵入も大幅に制限される。更に、豪雨等によって河川水に大量の土砂類が含まれ、一度のろ過では土砂類が除去しきれない場合であっても、還流水を繰り返しろ過することによって給水中の土砂類の量を低くすることができる。これらの効果により、封水装置７０Ａに流入する土砂類の量が低減され、パッキン７１ａ、７１ｂ及びスリーブ８１が摩耗すること及びギャップの詰まりが抑制される。 The water intake amount Q1 is only the sum of the water amount ΔQ leaking from the water sealing device 70A and the water amount Q2 associated with the sand discharge as shown in the formula 1, and is significantly smaller than the reflux water amount Q3. Therefore, the amount of earth and sand that flows into the closed loop together with the river water is significantly reduced as compared with the case where the water in the branch pipe is discarded without providing the return pipe F1. As a result, the intrusion of earth and sand into the water sealing device 70A is also greatly restricted. Furthermore, even if the river water contains a large amount of earth and sand due to heavy rain, etc. and the earth and sand cannot be completely removed by one filtration, the amount of earth and sand in the water supply can be reduced by repeatedly filtering the recirculated water. can do. Due to these effects, the amount of earth and sand flowing into the water sealing device 70A is reduced, and the packings 71a and 71b and the sleeve 81 are prevented from being worn and the gap is not clogged.

また、給水機構２Ａによれば閉ループを採用するので、河川水の取水量Ｑ１が減少する。この結果、取水口１０から合流点Ｘまでの上流配管Ｕに、小径の配管を用いることができるので、給水機構２Ａの構成が簡素化され、且つコストが削減される。 Further, according to the water supply mechanism 2A, since the closed loop is adopted, the intake amount Q1 of the river water is reduced. As a result, since a small-diameter pipe can be used for the upstream pipe U from the water intake port 10 to the confluence point X, the configuration of the water supply mechanism 2A is simplified and the cost is reduced.

また、合流点Ｘ→ろ過装置３０→分岐点Ｙ→調整装置５０→還流配管Ｆ１→合流点Ｘといった閉ループを採用することによって、ろ過装置３０によってろ過された水が循環するので、分岐管の水を廃棄する場合と比較して閉ループの流水の水質が向上する。更に、水質の向上に伴って、ポンプ２０の摩耗が低減される。 Further, by adopting a closed loop such as merging point X → filtration device 30 → branch point Y → adjusting device 50 → recirculation pipe F1 → merging point X, the water filtered by the filtration device 30 circulates, so that the water in the branch pipe is circulated. The quality of closed-loop running water is improved compared to the case of discarding. Further, as the water quality is improved, the wear of the pump 20 is reduced.

また、ろ過装置３０にサンドセパレータを採用する場合、サンドセパレータは遠心分離によって土砂類を除去するため、ろ過装置３０の入口から流れ込む水量Ｑ４は効率的に遠心分離ができる範囲である必要がある。下流配管Ｄに分岐を設けない場合、取水口１０から取水する河川水の取水量Ｑ１は、封水装置７０Ａから漏れ出る水量ΔＱとほぼ等しくなり、サンドセパレータに十分な水量を供給できない。また、下流配管Ｄに分岐を設け、分岐後の水を排水槽等に廃棄する場合、サンドセパレータの流量は確保できるが、河川水の取水量Ｑ１が増加し、河川水と共に流入する土砂類の量が増加する。これに対して、閉ループを採用する給水機構２Ａは、水量Ｑ４に占める還流水量Ｑ３が、取水量Ｑ１と比較して大きいので、サンドセパレータに安定した水量Ｑ４の水を供給できる。この結果、給水機構２Ａはサンドセパレータを用いて効率的に土砂類を除去でき、かつ河川水の取水量Ｑ１を減らして土砂類の流入を減らすことができる。 Further, when a sand separator is adopted for the filtration device 30, since the sand separator removes earth and sand by centrifugation, the amount of water Q4 flowing from the inlet of the filtration device 30 needs to be within a range capable of efficient centrifugation. When the downstream pipe D is not provided with a branch, the water intake amount Q1 of the river water taken from the water intake port 10 is substantially equal to the water amount ΔQ leaking from the water sealing device 70A, and a sufficient amount of water cannot be supplied to the sand separator. Further, when a branch is provided in the downstream pipe D and the water after the branch is disposed of in a drainage tank or the like, the flow rate of the sand separator can be secured, but the intake amount Q1 of the river water increases, and the sediment flowing in with the river water The amount increases. On the other hand, in the water supply mechanism 2A that employs a closed loop, the refluxed water amount Q3 occupying the water amount Q4 is larger than the water intake amount Q1, so that the sand separator can be supplied with water having a stable water amount Q4. As a result, the water supply mechanism 2A can efficiently remove the earth and sand by using the sand separator, and can reduce the inflow of the earth and sand by reducing the intake amount Q1 of the river water.

次に、図１を参照して、給水機構２Ａの各部の圧力について説明する。以下の説明では、取水口１０における河川水の水圧をＰ１、ガイドベーン８４の圧力損失をΔＰ１、水車ランナ８２の入口における河川水の水圧をＰ２、取水口１０から合流点Ｘまでの上流配管Ｕの圧力損失をΔＰ２、合流点Ｘにおける合流水の水圧をＰ３、分岐点Ｙから合流点Ｘまでの還流配管Ｆ１の圧力損失をΔＰ３、封水装置７０Ａの給水圧をＰ４とする。 Next, with reference to FIG. 1, the pressure of each part of the water supply mechanism 2A will be described. In the following description, the water pressure of the river water at the intake 10 is P1, the pressure loss of the guide vane 84 is ΔP1, the water pressure of the river water at the inlet of the water turbine runner 82 is P2, and the upstream pipe U from the intake 10 to the confluence X. The pressure loss is ΔP2, the water pressure of the merging water at the merging point X is P3, the pressure loss of the recirculation pipe F1 from the branch point Y to the merging point X is ΔP3, and the water supply pressure of the water sealing device 70A is P4.

水路１００における水車ランナ入口付近の水圧Ｐ２は、以下の式３で与えられる。
Ｐ２＝Ｐ１-ΔＰ１…式３
合流点Ｘにおける水圧Ｐ３は、以下の式４で与えられる。
Ｐ３＝Ｐ１−ΔＰ２…式４
封水装置７０Ａの給水圧Ｐ４は以下の式５で与えられる。
Ｐ４＝Ｐ３＋ΔＰ３＝Ｐ１-ΔＰ２＋ΔＰ３…式５
河川水を封水装置７０Ａに侵入させないためには、給水圧Ｐ４が河川水の水圧Ｐ２を上回る必要がある。従って、以下に示す式６を充足する必要がある。
Ｐ４＞Ｐ２
Ｐ１-ΔＰ２＋ΔＰ３＞Ｐ１-ΔＰ１
ΔＰ１−ΔＰ２＋ΔＰ３＞０…式６
ここで、ΔＰ２は一般的にガイドベーン８４の圧力損失ΔＰ１よりも小さいため、式６が充足される。 The water pressure P2 near the inlet of the turbine runner in the water channel 100 is given by the following equation 3.
P2 = P1-ΔP1 ... Equation 3
The water pressure P3 at the confluence X is given by the following equation 4.
P3 = P1-ΔP2 ... Equation 4
The water supply pressure P4 of the water sealing device 70A is given by the following formula 5.
P4 = P3 + ΔP3 = P1-ΔP2 + ΔP3 ... Equation 5
In order to prevent the river water from entering the sealing device 70A, the water supply pressure P4 needs to exceed the water pressure P2 of the river water. Therefore, it is necessary to satisfy the following equation 6.
P4> P2
P1-ΔP2 + ΔP3> P1-ΔP1
ΔP1-ΔP2 + ΔP3> 0 ... Equation 6
Here, since ΔP2 is generally smaller than the pressure loss ΔP1 of the guide vane 84, the equation 6 is satisfied.

以上説明したように、封水装置７０Ａにおいて、給水圧Ｐ４は封水装置７０Ａの河川水側の水圧Ｐ２よりも高くなっている。このため、ポンプ２０に必要とされる容量は、閉ループ内に配置されたろ過装置３０、調整装置５０及び配管の損失に抗し、還流水量Ｑ３を安定して確保できるだけの容量であれば十分である。よって、ポンプ２０の容量は小さくてよい。 As described above, in the water sealing device 70A, the water supply pressure P4 is higher than the water pressure P2 on the river water side of the water sealing device 70A. Therefore, the capacity required for the pump 20 is sufficient as long as it can withstand the loss of the filtration device 30, the adjusting device 50, and the piping arranged in the closed loop and stably secure the recirculated water amount Q3. be. Therefore, the capacity of the pump 20 may be small.

また、合流点Ｘは、取水口１０の水圧Ｐ１から僅かに上流配管Ｕの圧力損失ΔＰ２だけ低くなった圧力を背圧として有する。このため、封水装置７０Ａの給水圧Ｐ４は、この背圧に分岐点Ｙから合流点Ｘまでの圧力損失ΔＰ３を加えた圧力を常に持つことになる。従って、安定して封水装置７０Ａの河川水側の水圧Ｐ２よりも高い給水圧Ｐ４を保つことができる。 Further, the confluence point X has a back pressure that is slightly lower than the water pressure P1 of the intake port 10 by the pressure loss ΔP2 of the upstream pipe U. Therefore, the water supply pressure P4 of the water sealing device 70A always has a pressure obtained by adding the pressure loss ΔP3 from the branch point Y to the confluence point X to this back pressure. Therefore, the water supply pressure P4 higher than the water pressure P2 on the river water side of the water sealing device 70A can be stably maintained.

更に、上池の水位等により、水路１００の河川水の圧力が変動する場合、河川水側の水圧Ｐ２はこれに応じて変動する。この場合、同時に合流点Ｘの水圧Ｐ３の背圧も連動するため、給水圧Ｐ４が河川水側の水圧Ｐ２よりも高いという相対関係を常に保つことができる。以上の圧力の関係は、他の実施形態についても同様である。 Further, when the pressure of the river water in the water channel 100 fluctuates due to the water level of the upper pond or the like, the water pressure P2 on the river water side fluctuates accordingly. In this case, since the back pressure of the water pressure P3 at the confluence X is also linked at the same time, the relative relationship that the water supply pressure P4 is higher than the water pressure P2 on the river water side can always be maintained. The above pressure relationship is the same for other embodiments.

以上説明したように、第１実施形態の給水機構２Ａは、土砂類を除去するろ過装置３０と、河川水が流れる水路１００に設けられた取水口１０とろ過装置３０との間を連通する上流配管Ｕと、水路１００に設けられる水車ランナ８２の主軸８０と摺動する封水装置７０Ａ（主軸摺動装置の一例）と、ろ過装置３０と封水装置７０Ａとを連通する下流配管Ｄと、ろ過装置３０によって土砂類が取り除かれた水の一部を上流配管Ｕに還流させる還流配管Ｆ１と、を備える。 As described above, the water supply mechanism 2A of the first embodiment communicates between the filtration device 30 for removing earth and sand, the intake port 10 provided in the water channel 100 through which the river water flows, and the filtration device 30. A pipe U, a water sealing device 70A (an example of a spindle sliding device) that slides on the main shaft 80 of the water wheel runner 82 provided in the water channel 100, and a downstream pipe D that communicates the filtration device 30 and the water sealing device 70A. A recirculation pipe F1 for returning a part of the water from which earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device 30 to the upstream pipe U is provided.

給水機構２Ａは、河川水から封水装置７０Ａに給水するための水を生成するので、水道水等の清水を使用しなくとも、封水装置７０Ａに給水できる。また、給水機構２Ａは、還流配管Ｆ１を備えるので、ろ過装置３０によって土砂類が取り除かれた水を循環させる閉ループを構成する。このため、給水機構２Ａは、閉ループを構成しない場合と比較して、河川水を給水機構２Ａに取り込む量を削減できる。更に、ろ過装置３０には、河川水と還流水とが混合された水が流入するので、閉ループを構成しない場合と比較して、土砂類が十分に取り除かれた水を封水装置７０Ａに給水できる。 Since the water supply mechanism 2A generates water for supplying water to the water sealing device 70A from river water, water can be supplied to the water sealing device 70A without using fresh water such as tap water. Further, since the water supply mechanism 2A includes the reflux pipe F1, it constitutes a closed loop for circulating the water from which the earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device 30. Therefore, the water supply mechanism 2A can reduce the amount of river water taken into the water supply mechanism 2A as compared with the case where the closed loop is not formed. Further, since water in which river water and recirculated water are mixed flows into the filtration device 30, water from which sediment has been sufficiently removed is supplied to the water sealing device 70A as compared with the case where a closed loop is not formed. can.

また、ろ過装置３０としてストレーナを閉ループ内に配置する場合、土砂類の流入量が減ることで、ストレーナの詰まり速度を遅くすることができる。また、ろ過装置３０としてサンドセパレータを閉ループ内に配置する場合、十分な水量の水がサンドセパレータに流入するので、土砂類を効率的に除去できる。 Further, when the strainer is arranged in the closed loop as the filtration device 30, the clogging speed of the strainer can be slowed down by reducing the inflow amount of earth and sand. Further, when the sand separator is arranged in the closed loop as the filtration device 30, a sufficient amount of water flows into the sand separator, so that earth and sand can be efficiently removed.

ここで、還流配管Ｆ１は下流配管Ｄから分岐して上流配管Ｕと連通する。下流配管Ｄにはろ過装置３０によって土砂類が取り除かれた水が流れるが、還流配管Ｆ１は下流配管Ｄから分岐するので、還流配管Ｆ１にはろ過装置３０によって土砂類が取り除かれた水の一部が流れる。この水を上流配管Ｕに還流させることによって、閉ループが構成される。また、封水装置７０Ａの給水量は、封水装置７０Ａから漏れ出る水量と等しくなるので、少ない。一方、ろ過装置３０がサンドセパレータの場合、効率よく土砂類を除去するためには、封水装置７０Ａの給水量と比較して大きな水量が必要である。下流配管Ｄに分岐を設けることによって、給水機構２Ａは、ろ過装置３０（例えば、サンドセパレータ）へ十分な水量の合流水を供給しつつ、封水装置７０Ａには適切な水量で給水できる。 Here, the return pipe F1 branches from the downstream pipe D and communicates with the upstream pipe U. Water from which earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device 30 flows through the downstream pipe D, but since the recirculation pipe F1 branches from the downstream pipe D, one of the water from which the earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device 30 flows through the recirculation pipe F1. The part flows. A closed loop is formed by refluxing this water to the upstream pipe U. Further, the amount of water supplied by the water sealing device 70A is small because it is equal to the amount of water leaking from the water sealing device 70A. On the other hand, when the filtration device 30 is a sand separator, a large amount of water is required as compared with the water supply amount of the water sealing device 70A in order to efficiently remove earth and sand. By providing the downstream pipe D with a branch, the water supply mechanism 2A can supply the water sealing device 70A with an appropriate amount of water while supplying a sufficient amount of combined water to the filtration device 30 (for example, a sand separator).

また、還流配管Ｆ１には、封水装置７０Ａ（主軸摺動装置の一例）の給水圧及び還流流量の少なくとも一方を調整する調整装置５０が設けられる。還流配管Ｆ１が分岐する位置よりも下流に調整装置５０を設ける場合と比較して、給水機構２Ａは、調整装置５０に大きな水量の水を安定的に流入させることができるので、調整装置５０を用いた封水装置７０Ａの給水圧の調整が容易になる。 Further, the recirculation pipe F1 is provided with an adjusting device 50 for adjusting at least one of the water supply pressure and the recirculation flow rate of the water sealing device 70A (an example of the spindle sliding device). Compared with the case where the adjusting device 50 is provided downstream from the position where the return pipe F1 branches, the water supply mechanism 2A can stably flow a large amount of water into the adjusting device 50, so that the adjusting device 50 can be used. The water supply pressure of the water sealing device 70A used can be easily adjusted.

２．第２実施形態
第１実施形態に係る給水機構２Ａは、下流配管Ｄから分岐した還流配管Ｆ１が、上流配管Ｕに連通することによって、閉ループを構成した。これに対して、第２実施形態に係る給水機構２Ｂは、還流配管Ｆ１の替わりに還流配管Ｆ２を用いる点、及び封水装置７０Ａの替わりに封水装置７０Ｂを備える点で、図１に示される給水機構２Ａと相違する。 2. 2nd Embodiment In the water supply mechanism 2A according to the 1st embodiment, the reflux pipe F1 branched from the downstream pipe D communicates with the upstream pipe U to form a closed loop. On the other hand, the water supply mechanism 2B according to the second embodiment is shown in FIG. 1 in that the recirculation pipe F2 is used instead of the recirculation pipe F1 and that the water sealing device 70B is provided instead of the water sealing device 70A. It is different from the water supply mechanism 2A.

図３は、本開示の第２実施形態に係る水車１Ｂの構成例を示すブロック図である。水車１Ｂは給水機構２Ａの替わりに給水機構２Ｂを用いる点を除いて、第１実施形態の水車１Ａと同様に構成される。図３に示される給水機構２Ｂの各構成において、給水機構２Ａと同一の構成については、同一の符号付して説明を省略する。以下、相違点について説明する。 FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the water turbine 1B according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. The water turbine 1B is configured in the same manner as the water turbine 1A of the first embodiment except that the water supply mechanism 2B is used instead of the water supply mechanism 2A. In each configuration of the water supply mechanism 2B shown in FIG. 3, the same configuration as that of the water supply mechanism 2A is designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. The differences will be described below.

還流配管Ｆ２は、封水装置７０Ｂと上流配管Ｕとを連通する。封水装置７０Ｂは主軸摺動装置の一例である。第１実施形態の封水装置７０Ａには、封水装置７０Ａから漏れ出る水量とほぼ等しい水量が給水された。これに対して封水装置７０Ｂには、漏れ出る水量を超える水量が下流配管Ｄから給水される。 The return pipe F2 communicates the water sealing device 70B with the upstream pipe U. The water sealing device 70B is an example of a spindle sliding device. The water sealing device 70A of the first embodiment was supplied with an amount of water substantially equal to the amount of water leaking from the water sealing device 70A. On the other hand, in the water sealing device 70B, an amount of water exceeding the amount of leaking water is supplied from the downstream pipe D.

図４Ａは、封水装置７０Ｂの一構成例を示す断面図である。封水装置７０Ｂは、排水口７５Ａを備える点を除いて、図２Ａに示される封水装置７０Ａと同様に構成される。封水装置７０Ｂにおいて、給水口７４を介して供給される水は、封水装置７０Ｂとスリーブ８１の境界から漏れ出ると共に、パッキンケース７３ａ及び７３ｂの内部に流入する。パッキンケース７３ａ及び７３ｂの内部に流入した水は、排水口７５Ａを介して還流配管Ｆ２に流れ出る。 FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the water sealing device 70B. The water sealing device 70B is configured in the same manner as the water sealing device 70A shown in FIG. 2A, except that the water sealing device 70B is provided with a drain port 75A. In the water sealing device 70B, the water supplied through the water supply port 74 leaks from the boundary between the water sealing device 70B and the sleeve 81 and flows into the packing cases 73a and 73b. The water that has flowed into the packing cases 73a and 73b flows out to the reflux pipe F2 via the drain port 75A.

図４Ｂは、封水装置７０Ｂの他の構成例を示す断面図である。給水口７４を介して供給される水は、パッキン７１ａとパッキンケース７３ａとのギャップを通過し、パッキン７１ａがスプリング７２ａと接触する面とパッキンケース７３ａの内壁とで囲まれた空間７７ａに流入する。また、給水口７４を介して供給される水は、パッキン７１ｂとパッキンケース７３ｂとのギャップを通過し、パッキン７１ｂがスプリング７２ｂと接触する面とパッキンケース７３ｂの内壁とで囲まれた空間７７ｂに流入する。空間７７ａ及び７７ｂは排水管７５Ｂと連通する。給水口７４を介して供給される水の一部は、排水管７５Ｂを介して還流配管Ｆ２に流れ出る。 FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of the water sealing device 70B. The water supplied through the water supply port 74 passes through the gap between the packing 71a and the packing case 73a, and flows into the space 77a surrounded by the surface where the packing 71a contacts the spring 72a and the inner wall of the packing case 73a. .. Further, the water supplied through the water supply port 74 passes through the gap between the packing 71b and the packing case 73b, and enters the space 77b surrounded by the surface where the packing 71b contacts the spring 72b and the inner wall of the packing case 73b. Inflow. The spaces 77a and 77b communicate with the drain pipe 75B. A part of the water supplied through the water supply port 74 flows out to the reflux pipe F2 via the drain pipe 75B.

図４Ｂに示される封水装置７０Ｂの他の構成例では、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂとパッキンケース７３ａ及び７３ｂの間のギャップを常時大きな流量の水が流れるので、ギャップに土砂類が詰まりにくくなる。 In another configuration example of the water sealing device 70B shown in FIG. 4B, a large flow rate of water constantly flows through the gap between the packings 71a and 71b and the packing cases 73a and 73b, so that the gap is less likely to be clogged with earth and sand.

図３に示されるように、取水口１０から取り込む河川水の水量をＱ１、ろ過装置３０から土砂類を排出する際に捨てられる水量Ｑ２、封水装置７０Ｂから漏れ出る水量をΔＱ、ろ過装置３０に流れ込む合流水の水量をＱ４、還流配管Ｆ２に流れ出る還流水の流量をＱ５、とした場合、封水装置７０Ｂに流れ込む合流水の水量Ｑ７は、以下の式７で与えられる。
Ｑ７＝Ｑ５＋ΔＱ…式７ As shown in FIG. 3, the amount of river water taken in from the intake 10 is Q1, the amount of water discarded when discharging earth and sand from the filtration device 30 is Q2, the amount of water leaking from the water sealing device 70B is ΔQ, and the filtration device 30. Assuming that the amount of merging water flowing into the water sealing device 70B is Q4 and the amount of merging water flowing out to the recirculation pipe F2 is Q5, the amount of merging water Q7 flowing into the water sealing device 70B is given by the following equation 7.
Q7 = Q5 + ΔQ ... Equation 7

第１実施形態の封水装置７０Ａに流れ込む水の水量は封水装置７０Ａから漏れ出る水量ΔＱとほぼ等しい。これに対して、封水装置７０Ｂに流れ込む水の水量Ｑ７は、封水装置７０Ａに流れ込む水の水量ΔＱと比較して大きい。封水装置７０Ｂにおいて、水がパッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂとパッキンケース７３ａ及び７３ｂの間のギャップを通過するようにすれば、ギャップを常時大きな流量の水が流れることになるため、土砂類がギャップに詰まりにくくなる。 The amount of water flowing into the water sealing device 70A of the first embodiment is substantially equal to the amount of water ΔQ leaking from the water sealing device 70A. On the other hand, the amount of water Q7 flowing into the water sealing device 70B is larger than the amount of water ΔQ of the water flowing into the water sealing device 70A. In the water sealing device 70B, if water passes through the gap between the packings 71a and 71b and the packing cases 73a and 73b, a large flow rate of water always flows through the gap, so that earth and sand are clogged in the gap. It becomes difficult.

また、給水機構２Ｂによれば、第１実施形態の給水機構２Ａと同様に、ろ過装置３０で除去しきれない土砂類によって、パッキン７１ａ、７１ｂ及びスリーブ８１が摩耗すること及びギャップの詰まることが抑制される。加えて、給水機構２Ｂによれば、ろ過装置３０及びポンプ２０等の長寿命化が図られる。 Further, according to the water supply mechanism 2B, similarly to the water supply mechanism 2A of the first embodiment, the packings 71a and 71b and the sleeve 81 may be worn and the gap may be clogged by the earth and sand that cannot be completely removed by the filtration device 30. It is suppressed. In addition, according to the water supply mechanism 2B, the life of the filtration device 30 and the pump 20 can be extended.

３．第３実施形態
第３実施形態に係る水車１Ｃは、給水機構２Ｂの替わりに給水機構２Ｃを備える点を除いて、第２実施形態に係る水車１Ｂと同様に構成されている。給水機構２Ｃは、逆洗機構２００を備える点、及び還流配管Ｆ２を逆洗配管と兼用する点を除いて、図３に示される第２実施形態の給水機構２Ｂと同様に構成される。なお、上述した第２実施形態では、封水装置７０Ｂとして、図４Ａに示す構成例と図４Ｂに示す他の構成例を例示した。第３実施形態の給水機構２Ｃでは、図４Ｂに示される他の構成例の封水装置７０Ｂが用いられる。以下の、給水機構２Ｃが給水機構２Ｂと相違する点について説明する。 3. 3. Third Embodiment The water turbine 1C according to the third embodiment is configured in the same manner as the water turbine 1B according to the second embodiment, except that the water supply mechanism 2C is provided instead of the water supply mechanism 2B. The water supply mechanism 2C is configured in the same manner as the water supply mechanism 2B of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, except that the backwash mechanism 200 is provided and the reflux pipe F2 is also used as the backwash pipe. In the second embodiment described above, as the water sealing device 70B, a configuration example shown in FIG. 4A and another configuration example shown in FIG. 4B are illustrated. In the water supply mechanism 2C of the third embodiment, the water sealing device 70B of another configuration example shown in FIG. 4B is used. The differences between the water supply mechanism 2C and the water supply mechanism 2B will be described below.

図５Ａは、本開示の第３実施形態に係る給水機構２Ｃの構成例を示すブロック図である。図５Ａに示される給水機構２Ｃの各構成において、給水機構２Ｂと同一の構成については、同一の符号付して説明を省略する。 FIG. 5A is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the water supply mechanism 2C according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. In each configuration of the water supply mechanism 2C shown in FIG. 5A, the same configuration as that of the water supply mechanism 2B is designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

給水機構２Ｃは、通常時において、給水機構２Ｂと同様に、下流配管Ｄ→封水装置７０Ｂ→還流配管Ｆ２といった経路で水を流す。一方、給水機構２Ｃは、逆洗時に還流配管Ｆ２→封水装置７０Ｂ→下流配管Ｄといった経路で水を流す。このように逆洗時には水の流れる方向が、通常時の逆方向になる。 In the normal state, the water supply mechanism 2C flows water through a route such as downstream pipe D → water sealing device 70B → return pipe F2, similarly to the water supply mechanism 2B. On the other hand, the water supply mechanism 2C flows water through a route such as a reflux pipe F2 → a water sealing device 70B → a downstream pipe D during backwashing. In this way, the direction of water flow during backwashing is the opposite of the normal direction.

給水機構２Ｃは、閉ループを構成するので、ろ過装置３０によって土砂類を効率的に除去することができる。しかし、ろ過装置３０で除去しきれない土砂類が封水装置７０Ｂに流れ込み、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂとパッキンケース７３ａ及び７３ｂとの間のギャップに詰まって、パッキン７１ａ及び７１ｂのスリーブ８１への密着度を悪化させ、河川水の侵入防止機能を阻害する可能性がある。逆洗機構２００は逆洗時に水の流れる方向を逆方向に制御する。通常時と逆方向に水を流すことによって、給水機構２Ｃは、ギャップに詰まった土砂類を掻き出すことできる。従って、逆洗機構２００を備える給水機構２Ｃは、封水装置７０Ｂのメンテナンス回数を低減しつつ、封水装置７０Ｂの性能を高く維持できる。 Since the water supply mechanism 2C constitutes a closed loop, the earth and sand can be efficiently removed by the filtration device 30. However, earth and sand that cannot be completely removed by the filtration device 30 flow into the water sealing device 70B, clog the gap between the packings 71a and 71b and the packing cases 73a and 73b, and the degree of adhesion of the packings 71a and 71b to the sleeve 81. It may worsen the invasion prevention function of river water. The backwash mechanism 200 controls the direction in which water flows in the reverse direction during backwashing. By flowing water in the opposite direction to the normal time, the water supply mechanism 2C can scrape out the earth and sand stuck in the gap. Therefore, the water supply mechanism 2C provided with the backwash mechanism 200 can maintain high performance of the water sealing device 70B while reducing the number of maintenances of the water sealing device 70B.

逆洗機構２００は、還流配管Ｆ２と、下流配管Ｄとに設けられている。逆洗機構２００は、第１配管Ｌ１と、第２配管Ｌ２と、第１弁２０１と、第２弁２０２と、第３弁２０３と、第４弁２０４とを備える。第１配管Ｌ１は、還流配管Ｆ２の第１位置Ｚｆ１から分岐して、下流配管Ｄの第２位置Ｚｄ２に連通する。第２配管Ｌ２は、下流配管Ｄの第３位置Ｚｄ３から分岐して、還流配管Ｆ２の第４位置Ｚｆ４に連通する。
また、調整装置５０は、還流配管Ｆ２の第１位置Ｚｆ１と第３弁２０３との間に配置される。 The backwash mechanism 200 is provided in the reflux pipe F2 and the downstream pipe D. The backwash mechanism 200 includes a first pipe L1, a second pipe L2, a first valve 201, a second valve 202, a third valve 203, and a fourth valve 204. The first pipe L1 branches from the first position Zf1 of the return pipe F2 and communicates with the second position Zd2 of the downstream pipe D. The second pipe L2 branches from the third position Zd3 of the downstream pipe D and communicates with the fourth position Zf4 of the return pipe F2.
Further, the adjusting device 50 is arranged between the first position Zf1 of the return pipe F2 and the third valve 203.

第１弁２０１は第１配管Ｌ１に設けられ、通常時に閉状態となり、逆洗時に開状態となる。第２弁２０２は、第２配管Ｌ２に設けられ、通常時に閉状態となり、逆洗時に開状態となる。第３弁２０３は、還流配管Ｆ２において、第１位置Ｚｆ１から第４位置Ｚｆ４までの間に設けられる。第３弁２０３は、通常時に開状態となり、逆洗時に閉状態となる。第４弁２０４は、下流配管Ｄにおいて、第２位置Ｚｄ２から第３位置Ｚｄ３までの間に設けられる。第４弁２０４は、通常時に開状態となり、逆洗時に閉状態となる。 The first valve 201 is provided in the first pipe L1 and is in a closed state during normal operation and in an open state during backwashing. The second valve 202 is provided in the second pipe L2 and is in a closed state during normal operation and in an open state during backwashing. The third valve 203 is provided between the first position Zf1 and the fourth position Zf4 in the return pipe F2. The third valve 203 is opened during normal operation and closed during backwashing. The fourth valve 204 is provided between the second position Zd2 and the third position Zd3 in the downstream pipe D. The fourth valve 204 is opened during normal operation and closed during backwashing.

図５Ａに示されるように通常時には、第３弁２０３及び第４弁２０４が閉状態となり、第１弁２０１及び第２弁２０２が開状態となる。通常時には、図５Ａに示す矢印の方向に水が流れる。具体的には、給水機構２Ｃは、ポンプ２０→ろ過装置３０→第４弁２０４→下流配管Ｄ→封水装置７０Ｂ→還流配管Ｆ２→調整装置５０→第３弁２０３→合流点Ｘ→ポンプ２０の順に水を流す。 As shown in FIG. 5A, normally, the third valve 203 and the fourth valve 204 are in the closed state, and the first valve 201 and the second valve 202 are in the open state. Normally, water flows in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 5A. Specifically, the water supply mechanism 2C includes a pump 20 → a filtration device 30 → a fourth valve 204 → a downstream pipe D → a water sealing device 70B → a reflux pipe F2 → an adjusting device 50 → a third valve 203 → a confluence point X → a pump 20. Pour water in the order of.

一方、逆洗時には、図５Ｂに示されるように、第３弁２０３及び第４弁２０４が閉状態となり、第１弁２０１及び第２弁２０２が開状態となる。逆洗時には、図５Ｂに示す矢印の方向に水が流れる。具体的には、給水機構２Ｃは、ポンプ２０→ろ過装置３０→第１配管Ｌ１→第１弁２０１→還流配管Ｆ２→封水装置７０Ｂ→下流配管Ｄ→第２配管Ｌ２→第２弁２０２→還流配管Ｆ２→合流点Ｘ→ポンプ２０の順に水を流す。 On the other hand, at the time of backwashing, as shown in FIG. 5B, the third valve 203 and the fourth valve 204 are in the closed state, and the first valve 201 and the second valve 202 are in the open state. During backwashing, water flows in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 5B. Specifically, the water supply mechanism 2C includes a pump 20 → a filtration device 30 → a first pipe L1 → a first valve 201 → a recirculation pipe F2 → a water sealing device 70B → a downstream pipe D → a second pipe L2 → a second valve 202 →. Water flows in the order of return pipe F2 → confluence X → pump 20.

第３実施形態に係る給水機構２Ｃは、逆洗時に用いる配管を還流配管Ｆ２と兼用している。このため、給水機構２Ｃは、逆洗用配管を別途設ける場合と比較して構成が簡素化される。また、調整装置５０を還流配管Ｆ２の第１位置Ｚｆ１と第３弁２０３との間に配置したので、逆洗時には調整装置５０に水が流れない。よって、給水機構２Ｃは、通常時と比較して逆洗時の水量を大きくできる。この結果、給水機構２Ｃは効率的に逆洗を実施できる。なお、調整装置５０は、還流配管Ｆ２の第１位置Ｚｆ１から第４位置Ｚｆ４までの間に配置すればよい。加えて、給水機構２Ｃによれば、ろ過装置３０で除去しきれない土砂類によって、パッキン７１ａ、７１ｂ及びスリーブ８１が摩耗すること、並びにギャップの詰まりが抑制される。 In the water supply mechanism 2C according to the third embodiment, the pipe used for backwashing is also used as the reflux pipe F2. Therefore, the configuration of the water supply mechanism 2C is simplified as compared with the case where the backwashing pipe is separately provided. Further, since the adjusting device 50 is arranged between the first position Zf1 of the reflux pipe F2 and the third valve 203, water does not flow to the adjusting device 50 during backwashing. Therefore, the water supply mechanism 2C can increase the amount of water during backwashing as compared with the normal case. As a result, the water supply mechanism 2C can efficiently perform backwashing. The adjusting device 50 may be arranged between the first position Zf1 and the fourth position Zf4 of the return pipe F2. In addition, according to the water supply mechanism 2C, wear of the packings 71a and 71b and the sleeve 81 and clogging of the gap are suppressed by the earth and sand that cannot be completely removed by the filtration device 30.

４．第４実施形態
第１実施形態から第３実施形態までの給水機構２Ａ、２Ｂ、及び２Ｃは、封水装置７０Ａ又は７０Ｂに給水する。これに対して、第４実施形態の給水機構２Ｄは、軸受装置８００に対して給水する点で相違する。
図６は、本開示の第４実施形態に係る水車１Ｄの構成例を示すブロック図である。第４実施形態の水車１Ｄは、給水機構２Ｂの替わりに給水機構２Ｄを備える点を除いて、第２実施形態の水車１Ｂと同様に構成される。 4. Fourth Embodiment The water supply mechanisms 2A, 2B, and 2C from the first embodiment to the third embodiment supply water to the water sealing device 70A or 70B. On the other hand, the water supply mechanism 2D of the fourth embodiment is different in that water is supplied to the bearing device 800.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the water turbine 1D according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. The water turbine 1D of the fourth embodiment is configured in the same manner as the water turbine 1B of the second embodiment except that the water supply mechanism 2D is provided instead of the water supply mechanism 2B.

給水機構２Ｄは、封水装置７０Ｂの替わりに封水装置７００を備える点、及び軸受装置８００を備える点で、給水機構２Ｂと相違する。封水装置７００及び軸受装置８００は、主軸８０と摺動する主軸摺動装置の一例である。 The water supply mechanism 2D is different from the water supply mechanism 2B in that the water sealing device 700 is provided instead of the water sealing device 70B and the bearing device 800 is provided. The water sealing device 700 and the bearing device 800 are examples of a spindle sliding device that slides on the spindle 80.

給水機構２Ｄは、下流配管Ｄを介して軸受装置８００に給水する。軸受装置８００は、主軸８０の軸受として機能し、主軸８０の外周面に設けられたスリーブ８１と摺動する。スリーブ８１と軸受装置８００との間は、下流配管Ｄからの給水によって、水潤滑が実施される。水潤滑によって、摩擦熱を放熱すると共に、摩擦力の低減が図れる。
軸受装置８００に供給された水の一部は、軸受装置８００から漏れ出る。また、軸受装置８００に供給された水の残りは、回収されて還流配管Ｆ２を介して、合流点Ｘに還流する。 The water supply mechanism 2D supplies water to the bearing device 800 via the downstream pipe D. The bearing device 800 functions as a bearing for the spindle 80 and slides on a sleeve 81 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 80. Water lubrication is performed between the sleeve 81 and the bearing device 800 by supplying water from the downstream pipe D. Water lubrication dissipates frictional heat and reduces frictional force.
A part of the water supplied to the bearing device 800 leaks from the bearing device 800. Further, the rest of the water supplied to the bearing device 800 is collected and returned to the confluence point X via the return pipe F2.

封水装置７００は、上述した封水装置７０Ａ及び７０Ｂと同様に、河川水の流入を抑制する。封水装置７００は、主軸８０の外周面に設けられたスリーブ８１と摺動する。封水装置７００には、下流配管Ｄからの直接の給水は無い。封水装置７００は、軸受装置８００から漏れ出た水によって、スリーブ８１との間で水潤滑を実施してもよい。 The water sealing device 700 suppresses the inflow of river water in the same manner as the water sealing devices 70A and 70B described above. The water sealing device 700 slides on a sleeve 81 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 80. The water sealing device 700 does not have a direct water supply from the downstream pipe D. The water sealing device 700 may perform water lubrication with the sleeve 81 by the water leaking from the bearing device 800.

第４実施形態に係る給水機構２Ｄによれば、軸受装置８００に給水することができるので、水潤滑方式の軸受装置８００を採用することができる。水循環方式の軸受装置８００は、潤滑油が漏れ出ることがないので、環境に対する影響を軽減できる。 According to the water supply mechanism 2D according to the fourth embodiment, water can be supplied to the bearing device 800, so that the water-lubricated bearing device 800 can be adopted. Since the lubricating oil does not leak out from the water circulation type bearing device 800, the impact on the environment can be reduced.

５．第５実施形態
第５実施形態の水車１Ｅは、給水機構２Ｄの替わりに給水機構２Ｅを用いる点を除き、第４実施形態の水車１Ｄと同様に構成される。図７は、本開示の第５実施形態に係る水車１Ｅの構成例を示すブロック図である。 5. Fifth Embodiment The water turbine 1E of the fifth embodiment is configured in the same manner as the water turbine 1D of the fourth embodiment except that the water supply mechanism 2E is used instead of the water supply mechanism 2D. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the water turbine 1E according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.

第４実施形態に係る給水機構２Ｄは、軸受装置８００に給水する一方、封水装置７００に給水していない。これに対して、第５実施形態に係る給水機構２Ｅは、下流配管Ｄに分岐を設けることによって封水装置７００及び軸受装置８００に給水する点、封水装置７００からの還流水と軸受装置８００からの還流水を上流配管Ｕに還流させるために２系統の配管を備える点で、給水機構２Ｄと相違する。以下、給水機構２Ｅが給水機構２Ｄと相違する点について説明する。 The water supply mechanism 2D according to the fourth embodiment supplies water to the bearing device 800, but does not supply water to the water sealing device 700. On the other hand, the water supply mechanism 2E according to the fifth embodiment supplies water to the water sealing device 700 and the bearing device 800 by providing a branch in the downstream pipe D, and the recirculated water from the water sealing device 700 and the bearing device 800. It differs from the water supply mechanism 2D in that it is provided with two systems of pipes for returning the water returned from the water to the upstream pipe U. Hereinafter, the difference between the water supply mechanism 2E and the water supply mechanism 2D will be described.

給水機構２Ｄは、互いに連通する第１下流配管Ｄ１、第２下流配管Ｄ２、及び第３下流配管Ｄ３を備える。これらの配管Ｄ１〜Ｄ３は、第４実施形態の下流配管Ｄに相当する。第１下流配管Ｄ１は、ろ過装置３０と連通する配管である。第２下流配管Ｄ２は、封水装置７００と連通する配管である。第３下流配管Ｄ３は、軸受装置８００と連通する配管である。この例の軸受装置８００は、水潤滑方式を採用する。 The water supply mechanism 2D includes a first downstream pipe D1, a second downstream pipe D2, and a third downstream pipe D3 that communicate with each other. These pipes D1 to D3 correspond to the downstream pipe D of the fourth embodiment. The first downstream pipe D1 is a pipe that communicates with the filtration device 30. The second downstream pipe D2 is a pipe that communicates with the water sealing device 700. The third downstream pipe D3 is a pipe that communicates with the bearing device 800. The bearing device 800 of this example adopts a water lubrication method.

給水機構２Ｄは、分岐点Ｚ２において互いに連通する第１還流配管Ｆａ、第２還流配管Ｆｂ、及び第３還流配管Ｆｃを備える。第１還流配管Ｆａは、封水装置７００と連通する配管である。第２還流配管Ｆｂは、軸受装置８００と連通する配管である。第１還流配管Ｆａ及び第２還流配管Ｆｂは、第３還流配管Ｆｃを介して上流配管Ｕと連通する。なお、第１還流配管Ｆａは第３還流配管Ｆｃを介することなく、上流配管Ｕと直接連通してもよい。また、第２還流配管Ｆｂは第３還流配管Ｆｃを介することなく、上流配管Ｕと直接連通してもよい。 The water supply mechanism 2D includes a first recirculation pipe Fa, a second recirculation pipe Fb, and a third recirculation pipe Fc communicating with each other at the branch point Z2. The first reflux pipe Fa is a pipe that communicates with the water sealing device 700. The second return pipe Fb is a pipe that communicates with the bearing device 800. The first recirculation pipe Fa and the second recirculation pipe Fb communicate with the upstream pipe U via the third recirculation pipe Fc. The first recirculation pipe Fa may directly communicate with the upstream pipe U without passing through the third recirculation pipe Fc. Further, the second recirculation pipe Fb may directly communicate with the upstream pipe U without passing through the third recirculation pipe Fc.

第１還流配管Ｆａには、調整装置５１が設けられている。また、第２還流配管Ｆｂには、調整装置５２が設けられている。調整装置５１及び５２は、給水圧及び還流流量の少なくとも一方を調整する。 An adjusting device 51 is provided in the first reflux pipe Fa. Further, the second reflux pipe Fb is provided with an adjusting device 52. The adjusting devices 51 and 52 adjust at least one of the water supply pressure and the reflux flow rate.

第５実施形態に係る給水機構２Ｅによれば、封水装置７００及び軸受装置８００といった２系統の主軸摺動装置に給水できる。また、２系統の第１還流配管Ｆａ及び第２還流配管Ｆｂを用いて、還流水を合流点Ｘに還流させることができる。 According to the water supply mechanism 2E according to the fifth embodiment, water can be supplied to two systems of spindle sliding devices such as the water sealing device 700 and the bearing device 800. Further, the recirculated water can be recirculated to the confluence point X by using the first recirculation pipe Fa and the second recirculation pipe Fb of two systems.

６．変形例
本開示は、上述した各実施形態に限定されるものでは、以下に述べる各種の変形が可能である。また、各種の変形及び各実施形態は、適宜組み合わせてもよい。
（１）上述した各実施形態では、上流配管Ｕを用いて取水口１０から取り込んだ河川水を合流点Ｘに導いたが、本開示はこれに限定されない。例えば、取水口１０から合流点Ｘまでの上流配管Ｕに、他のろ過装置が配置されてもよい。上流配管Ｕに土砂類を除去する装置が設けることにより、ある程度、土砂類が除去された河川水をろ過装置３０に供給することができる。 6. Modifications The present disclosure is limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications described below are possible. Moreover, various modifications and each embodiment may be combined appropriately.
(1) In each of the above-described embodiments, the river water taken in from the intake port 10 is guided to the confluence point X by using the upstream pipe U, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, another filtration device may be arranged in the upstream pipe U from the water intake port 10 to the confluence point X. By providing the upstream pipe U with a device for removing earth and sand, the river water from which the earth and sand have been removed can be supplied to the filtration device 30 to some extent.

（２）上述した第１実施形態では、ポンプ２０は合流点Ｘとろ過装置３０との間に配置されたが、本開示はこれに限定されない。ポンプ２０は、合流点Ｘから分岐点Ｙまでの上流配管Ｕ又は下流配管Ｄ、若しくは還流配管Ｆ１であって、ポンプ入口圧がポンプ２０の許容下限値以下とならない位置に配置してもよい。 (2) In the first embodiment described above, the pump 20 is arranged between the confluence point X and the filtration device 30, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The pump 20 may be arranged at a position which is the upstream pipe U or the downstream pipe D from the confluence point X to the branch point Y or the reflux pipe F1 and the pump inlet pressure does not become equal to or less than the allowable lower limit value of the pump 20.

（３）上述した第１実施形態では、調整装置５０は還流配管Ｆ１に配置されたが、ポンプ２０から分岐点Ｙまでの上流配管Ｕ又は下流配管Ｄに配置してもよい。また、調整装置５０は還流配管Ｆ１とポンプ２０から分岐点Ｙまでの上流配管Ｕ又は下流配管Ｄの両方に設置しても良い。 (3) In the first embodiment described above, the adjusting device 50 is arranged in the recirculation pipe F1, but may be arranged in the upstream pipe U or the downstream pipe D from the pump 20 to the branch point Y. Further, the adjusting device 50 may be installed in both the return pipe F1 and the upstream pipe U or the downstream pipe D from the pump 20 to the branch point Y.

（４）上述した第２実施形態及び第４実施形態では、ポンプ２０を上流配管Ｕにおいて合流点Ｘとろ過装置３０の間に配置したが、本開示はこれに限定されない。ポンプ２０は、下流配管Ｄにおいてろ過装置３０から封水装置７０Ｂまでの間、あるいは還流配管Ｆ２に設けてもよい。 (4) In the second embodiment and the fourth embodiment described above, the pump 20 is arranged between the confluence point X and the filtration device 30 in the upstream pipe U, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The pump 20 may be provided between the filtration device 30 and the water sealing device 70B in the downstream pipe D, or in the reflux pipe F2.

（５）上述した第２実施形態では、調整装置５０は還流配管Ｆ１に配置されたが、ポンプ２０から封水装置７０Ｂまでの下流配管Ｄに配置してもよい。また、調整装置５０は還流配管Ｆ１及びポンプ２０から封水装置７０Ｂまでの下流配管Ｄの両方に設置しても良い。 (5) In the second embodiment described above, the adjusting device 50 is arranged in the reflux pipe F1, but may be arranged in the downstream pipe D from the pump 20 to the water sealing device 70B. Further, the adjusting device 50 may be installed in both the return pipe F1 and the downstream pipe D from the pump 20 to the water sealing device 70B.

（６）上述した第３実施形態では、ポンプ２０を上流配管Ｕにおいて合流点Ｘとろ過装置３０の間に配置したが、本開示はこれに限定されない。ポンプ２０は、下流配管Ｄにおいてろ過装置３０から逆洗機構２００までの間、あるいは還流配管Ｆ２において逆洗機構２００から合流点Ｘとの間に設けてもよい。 (6) In the third embodiment described above, the pump 20 is arranged between the confluence point X and the filtration device 30 in the upstream pipe U, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The pump 20 may be provided between the filtration device 30 and the backwash mechanism 200 in the downstream pipe D, or between the backwash mechanism 200 and the confluence point X in the reflux pipe F2.

（７）上述した第３実施形態では、調整装置５０は還流配管Ｆ２の第１位置Ｚｆ１から第４位置Ｚｆ４の間に配置されたが、調整装置５０は下流配管Ｄの第２位置Ｚｄ２から第３位置Ｚｄ３の間に配置されてもよい。また、調整装置５０は、還流配管Ｆ２の第１位置Ｚｆ１から第４位置Ｚｆ４の間と、下流配管Ｄの第２位置Ｚｄ２から第３位置Ｚｄ３の間との両方に配置してもよい。 (7) In the third embodiment described above, the adjusting device 50 is arranged between the first position Zf1 and the fourth position Zf4 of the return pipe F2, but the adjusting device 50 is arranged from the second position Zd2 to the fourth position Zd2 of the downstream pipe D. It may be arranged between the three positions Zd3. Further, the adjusting device 50 may be arranged both between the first position Zf1 and the fourth position Zf4 of the return pipe F2 and between the second position Zd2 and the third position Zd3 of the downstream pipe D.

（８）上述した第４実施形態では、ポンプ２０を上流配管Ｕにおいて合流点Ｘとろ過装置３０の間に配置したが、本開示はこれに限定されない。ポンプ２０は、上流配管Ｕ、下流配管Ｄあるいは還流配管Ｆ２の任意の位置に配置してよい。 (8) In the fourth embodiment described above, the pump 20 is arranged between the confluence point X and the filtration device 30 in the upstream pipe U, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The pump 20 may be arranged at an arbitrary position in the upstream pipe U, the downstream pipe D, or the reflux pipe F2.

（９）上述した第４実施形態では、調整装置５０は還流配管Ｆ２に配置されたが、下流配管Ｄに配置してもよい。また、調整装置５０は還流配管Ｆ２と下流配管Ｄの両方に配置してもよい。 (9) In the fourth embodiment described above, the adjusting device 50 is arranged in the reflux pipe F2, but may be arranged in the downstream pipe D. Further, the adjusting device 50 may be arranged in both the return pipe F2 and the downstream pipe D.

（１０）上述した第５実施形態では、ポンプ２０を上流配管Ｕにおいて合流点Ｘとろ過装置３０の間に配置したが、本開示はこれに限定されない。ポンプ２０は、上流配管Ｕ、第１下流配管Ｄ１あるいは第３還流配管Ｆｃの任意の位置に配置してよい。 (10) In the fifth embodiment described above, the pump 20 is arranged between the confluence point X and the filtration device 30 in the upstream pipe U, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The pump 20 may be arranged at an arbitrary position in the upstream pipe U, the first downstream pipe D1, or the third recirculation pipe Fc.

（１１）上述した第５実施形態では、調整装置５１は第１還流配管Ｆａに配置されたが、第２下流配管Ｄ２に配置してもよい。また、調整装置５１は第１還流配管Ｆａと第２下流配管Ｄ２の両方に配置してもよい。調整装置５２は第２還流配管Ｆｂに配置されたが、第３下流配管Ｄ３に配置してもよい。また、調整装置５２は第２還流配管Ｆｂと第３下流配管Ｄ３の両方に配置してもよい。調整装置は、調整装置５１又は５２の代替として、若しくは追加装置として、第１下流配管Ｄ１又は第３還流配管Ｆｃに置くこともできる。 (11) In the fifth embodiment described above, the adjusting device 51 is arranged in the first return pipe Fa, but may be arranged in the second downstream pipe D2. Further, the adjusting device 51 may be arranged in both the first return pipe Fa and the second downstream pipe D2. Although the adjusting device 52 is arranged in the second return pipe Fb, it may be arranged in the third downstream pipe D3. Further, the adjusting device 52 may be arranged in both the second return pipe Fb and the third downstream pipe D3. The adjusting device can also be placed in the first downstream pipe D1 or the third reflux pipe Fc as an alternative to or as an additional device for the adjusting device 51 or 52.

（１２）上述した第４実施形態において、第３実施形態で説明した逆洗機構２００を適用してもよい。この場合、還流配管Ｆ２を逆洗配管として利用される。 (12) In the fourth embodiment described above, the backwash mechanism 200 described in the third embodiment may be applied. In this case, the reflux pipe F2 is used as a backwash pipe.

（１３）上述した第５実施形態において、第３実施形態で説明した逆洗機構２００を適用してもよい。この場合、第１還流配管Ｆａ及び第２還流配管Ｆｂを逆洗配管として利用される。 (13) In the fifth embodiment described above, the backwash mechanism 200 described in the third embodiment may be applied. In this case, the first recirculation pipe Fa and the second recirculation pipe Fb are used as the backwash pipe.

（１４）上述した第５実施形態において、第１還流配管Ｆａ及び第２還流配管Ｆｂを用いて、還流水を還流させたが、本開示はこれに限定されない。例えば、軸受装置８００あるいは封水装置７００の内部で第１還流配管Ｆａと第２還流配管Ｆｂとを１本の還流配管によって連通され、この還流配管が上流配管Ｕに連通されてもよい。この場合、１本の還流配管を用いて還流水を還流させることができるので、第１還流配管Ｆａ及び第２還流配管Ｆｂを用いる場合と比較して、給水機構２Ｅの構成を簡素化できる。 (14) In the fifth embodiment described above, the refluxed water is refluxed using the first reflux pipe Fa and the second reflux pipe Fb, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the first recirculation pipe Fa and the second recirculation pipe Fb may be communicated with each other by one recirculation pipe inside the bearing device 800 or the water sealing device 700, and this recirculation pipe may be communicated with the upstream pipe U. In this case, since the recirculated water can be recirculated using one recirculation pipe, the configuration of the water supply mechanism 2E can be simplified as compared with the case where the first recirculation pipe Fa and the second recirculation pipe Fb are used.

（１５）上述した各実施形態において、封水装置７０Ａ、７０Ｂ、又は７００はラビリンスシールあるいはメカニカルシールでも良い。 (15) In each of the above-described embodiments, the water sealing device 70A, 70B, or 700 may be a labyrinth seal or a mechanical seal.

１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃ，１Ｄ,１Ｅ…水車、２Ａ，２Ｂ，２Ｃ，２Ｄ,２Ｅ…給水機構、１０…取水口、２０…ポンプ、３０…ろ過装置、３１…排砂弁、３２…排水槽、５０…流量調整弁、６０，６１，６２…オリフィス、７０Ａ，７０Ｂ，７００…封水装置、７１ａ，７１ｂ…パッキン、７２ａ，７２ｂ…スプリング、７３ａ，７３ｂ…パッキンケース、７４…給水口、７５Ａ…排水口、７５Ｂ…排水管、８０…主軸、８１…スリーブ、１００…水路、２００…逆洗機構、２０１…第１弁、２０２…第２弁、２０３…第３弁、２０４…第４弁、８００…軸受装置、Ｄ…下流配管、Ｄ１…第１下流配管、Ｄ２…第２下流配管、Ｄ３…第３下流配管、Ｆ１，Ｆ２…還流配管、Ｆａ…第１還流配管、Ｆｂ…第２還流配管、Ｌ１…第１配管、Ｌ２…第２配管、Ｕ…上流配管、Ｚｆ１…第１位置、Ｚｄ２…第２位置、Ｚｄ３…第３位置、Ｚｆ４…第４位置。 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E ... Water wheel, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E ... Water supply mechanism, 10 ... Water intake, 20 ... Pump, 30 ... Piping device, 31 ... Sand valve, 32 ... Drain tank, 50 ... Flow control valve, 60, 61, 62 ... orifice, 70A, 70B, 700 ... Water sealing device, 71a, 71b ... Packing, 72a, 72b ... Spring, 73a, 73b ... Packing case, 74 ... Water supply port, 75A ... Drain port, 75B ... Drain pipe, 80 ... Main shaft, 81 ... Sleeve, 100 ... Water channel, 200 ... Backwash mechanism, 201 ... 1st valve, 202 ... 2nd valve, 203 ... 3rd valve, 204 ... 4th valve, 800 ... Bearing device, D ... Downstream piping, D1 ... First downstream piping, D2 ... Second downstream piping, D3 ... Third downstream piping, F1, F2 ... Recirculation piping, Fa ... First recirculation piping, Fb ... Second recirculation Piping, L1 ... 1st piping, L2 ... 2nd piping, U ... upstream piping, Zf1 ... 1st position, Zd2 ... 2nd position, Zd3 ... 3rd position, Zf4 ... 4th position.

Claims

A filtration device that removes earth and sand,
An upstream pipe that communicates between an intake provided in a water channel through which river water flows and the filtration device, and
A downstream pipe that communicates the spindle sliding device that slides with the spindle of the turbine runner provided in the water channel and the filtration device, and
It is provided with a recirculation pipe for returning a part of the water from which earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device to the upstream pipe.
The spindle sliding device that suppresses water sealing device the flow of the river water, out of the bearing device of the main shaft, water supply mechanism Ru comprising at least one.

A filtration device that removes earth and sand,
An upstream pipe that communicates between an intake provided in a water channel through which river water flows and the filtration device, and
A downstream pipe that communicates the spindle sliding device that slides with the spindle of the turbine runner provided in the water channel and the filtration device, and
It is provided with a recirculation pipe for returning a part of the water from which earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device to the upstream pipe.
The return pipe, water supply mechanism that through communication with the upstream pipe branched from the downstream pipe.

The water supply mechanism according to claim 2 , wherein the return pipe is provided with an adjusting device for adjusting at least one of the water supply pressure and the return flow rate of the spindle sliding device.

A filtration device that removes earth and sand,
An upstream pipe that communicates between an intake provided in a water channel through which river water flows and the filtration device, and
A downstream pipe that communicates the spindle sliding device that slides with the spindle of the turbine runner provided in the water channel and the filtration device, and
It is provided with a recirculation pipe for returning a part of the water from which earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device to the upstream pipe.
The return pipe, water supply mechanism that passes communication between the upstream pipe and the main shaft sliding device.

The water supply mechanism according to claim 4 , wherein a backwash mechanism is provided in the reflux pipe and the downstream pipe.

A first pipe that branches from the first position of the reflux pipe and communicates with the second position of the downstream pipe.
A second pipe that branches from the third position of the downstream pipe and communicates with the fourth position of the return pipe,
The first valve provided in the first pipe and
The second valve provided in the second pipe and
In the reflux pipe, a third valve provided between the first position and the fourth position and
In the downstream pipe, a fourth valve provided between the second position and the third position is provided.
The first valve and the second valve are opened during normal operation and closed during backwashing.
The third valve and the fourth valve are closed during normal operation and open during backwashing.
The water supply mechanism according to claim 4.

It is provided in at least one of the first position to the fourth position of the reflux pipe and the second position to the third position of the downstream pipe, and the water supply pressure of the spindle sliding device and The water supply mechanism according to claim 6 , further comprising an adjusting device for adjusting at least one of the reflux flow rates.

A filtration device that removes earth and sand,
An upstream pipe that communicates between an intake provided in a water channel through which river water flows and the filtration device, and
A downstream pipe that communicates the spindle sliding device that slides with the spindle of the turbine runner provided in the water channel and the filtration device, and
It is provided with a recirculation pipe for returning a part of the water from which earth and sand have been removed by the filtration device to the upstream pipe.
The spindle sliding device includes a water sealing device that suppresses the inflow of river water and a bearing device for the spindle.
The downstream pipe includes a first downstream pipe, a second downstream pipe, and a third downstream pipe that communicate with each other.
The first downstream pipe communicates with the filtration device and communicates with the filtration device.
The second downstream pipe communicates with the water sealing device and communicates with the water sealing device.
The third downstream pipe communicates with the bearing device and communicates with the bearing device.
The reflux pipe
The first reflux pipe communicating with the water sealing device and
A second reflux pipe communicating with the bearing device is provided .
Water supply mechanism.

The water supply mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Waterways that allow river water to flow and
The water turbine runner provided in the waterway and
The spindle connected to the turbine runner and
A water wheel equipped with.