JP6940606B2 - 一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機を含む天然ガス液化システム - Google Patents
一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機を含む天然ガス液化システム Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 200
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 97
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 213
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
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- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
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- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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Description
Claims (18)
- 天然ガス液化システムであって、
複数の圧縮機段を伴う一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)と、
前記一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)を駆動するための単一の原動機(160)と、
第1の冷却材が循環するように適合する予冷ループ(110)であって、前記複数の圧縮機段の1つ以上の第1の圧縮機段(151)が前記第1の冷却材を加圧するように適合する、前記予冷ループ(110)と、
第2の冷却材が循環するように適合する冷却ループ(130)であって、前記複数の圧縮機段の1つ以上の第2の圧縮機段(155)が前記第2の冷却材を加圧するように適合する、前記冷却ループ(130)と、
熱を、天然ガスから及び/または前記第2の冷却材から、前記第1の冷却材に移送するための第1の熱交換器デバイス(170)と、
熱を、前記天然ガスから前記第2の冷却材に移送するための第2の熱交換器デバイス(180)と、を備え、
前記一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)は、
前記単一の原動機(160)によって回転駆動されるように構成されているギヤを含む、伝達機構(301)と、
前記伝達機構(301)によって回転駆動されるように構成されているとともに前記第1の圧縮機段の少なくとも1つを駆動するように構成されている、少なくとも1つの第1のシャフト(303)と、
前記伝達機構(301)によって回転駆動されるように構成されているとともに前記第2の圧縮機段の少なくとも1つを駆動するように構成されている、少なくとも1つの第2のシャフト(305)と、を備え、
前記単一の原動機(160)は、前記第1の圧縮機段(151)及び前記第2の圧縮機段(155)のそれぞれを駆動させ、
前記一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)は複数の前記第1の圧縮機段(151)を備え、前記予冷ループ(110)は、前記第1の冷却材を、前記第1の圧縮機段(151)の各々1つに誘導される複数の予冷流に分配するように構成されている、天然ガス液化システム。 - 前記一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)は、複数の前記第1の圧縮機段であって、各々が連続的に下流の前記第1の圧縮機段と流体結合された前記第1の圧縮機段、及び/または、複数の前記第2の圧縮機段であって、各々が連続的に下流の前記第2の圧縮機段と流体結合された前記第2の圧縮機段を備える、請求項1に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 前記第1の圧縮機段の数が4つであり、及び/または、前記第2の圧縮機段の数が3つまたは4つである、請求項2に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 前記伝達機構(301)は、前記第1の圧縮機段の少なくとも1つを駆動するための前記少なくとも1つの第1のシャフト(303)に接続される少なくとも1つの第1のピニオンに噛合する第1のギヤホイール(307)を備える、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 前記第1のギヤホイール(307)は、さらに、前記第2の圧縮機段の少なくとも1つを駆動するための前記少なくとも1つの第2のシャフト(305)に接続された少なくとも1つの第2のピニオンに噛合する、請求項4に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 前記伝達機構(301)は、前記少なくとも1つの第1のシャフト(303)を駆動するように構成されている第1のギヤホイール(307)と、前記少なくとも1つの第2のシャフト(305)を駆動するように構成されている第2のギヤホイール(308)とを備え、
前記第2のギヤホイール(308)の直径は前記第1のギヤホイール(307)の直径よりも小さく、及び/または、前記第1のギヤホイール及び前記第2のギヤホイールは直接噛合している、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化システム。 - 前記少なくとも1つの第1のシャフト(303)及び前記少なくとも1つの第2のシャフト(305)のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記各々のシャフトの反対端に配列された2つの圧縮機段を駆動する、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 前記予冷ループ(110)内に連続的に配列されており、複数の減圧レベルにおいて前記第1の冷却材を膨張するように構成されている、複数の第1の膨張要素(241,243,245,247)と、
前記複数の第1の膨張要素(241,243,245,247)の少なくとも1つによって膨張する前記第1の冷却材の各々の予冷流を受けるための、及び熱を前記天然ガスから前記第1の冷却材に移送するための、前記第1の熱交換器デバイス(170,270)の複数の第1の熱交換器(249,251,253,255)と、
前記第1の冷却材の前記予冷流を、前記複数の第1の熱交換器(249,251,253,255)から、前記第1の圧縮機段(151)の各々1つに戻すように構成されている複数の戻り経路(261,263,265,267)と、
を備える、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化システム。 - 前記予冷ループ(110)内に配列された少なくとも1つの第1の補助膨張要素と、
前記少なくとも1つの第1の補助膨張要素によって膨張する前記第1の冷却材の一部を受けるように、及び熱を前記第2の冷却材から前記第1の冷却材に移送するように構成されている、前記第1の熱交換器デバイス(170,270)の少なくとも1つの第1の補助熱交換器と、を備える、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化システム。 - 前記予冷ループ(110)内に連続的に配列されており、複数の減圧レベルにおいて前記第1の冷却材を膨張するように構成されている、複数の前記第1の補助膨張要素(221,223,225,227)と、
前記第1の補助膨張要素(221,223,225,227)の少なくとも1つによって膨張する前記第1の冷却材の各々の部分を受けるように、及び熱を前記第2の冷却材から前記第1の冷却材に移送するように構成されている、前記第1の熱交換器デバイス(170,270)の複数の前記第1の補助熱交換器(229,231,233,235)と、
前記第1の冷却材の前記部分を、前記複数の第1の補助熱交換器(229,231,233,235)から、複数の前記第1の圧縮機段(151)の各々1つに戻すように構成されている複数の戻り経路(261,263,265,267)と、
を備える、請求項9に記載の天然ガス液化システム。 - 前記第1の冷却材は、40以上の分子量を有するプロパンを含み、及び/または前記第2の冷却材は、メタン、エタン、プロパン、及び/または窒素を含む混合冷却材である、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 前記単一の原動機(160)は、電気モータまたは内燃エンジンを備える、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 前記単一の原動機(160)は、ガスタービンである、請求項12に記載の天然ガス液化システム。
- 複数の圧縮機段を有する一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)を用いて天然ガスを液化する方法であって、
単一の原動機(160)で、前記一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)を駆動することと、
前記複数の圧縮機段の複数の第1の圧縮機段(151)のうちの各々1つを通るように誘導される予冷流に分けられた第1の冷却材を循環することであって、当該第1の圧縮機段(151)のそれぞれは、前記単一の原動機(160)によって駆動される、前記循環することと、
前記複数の圧縮機段の1つ以上の第2の圧縮機段(155)を通るように、第2の冷却材を循環することであって、当該1つ以上の第2の圧縮機段(155)のそれぞれは、前記単一の原動機(160)によって駆動される、前記循環することと、
前記第1の冷却材に接する熱交換によって、天然ガス及び前記第2の冷却材の少なくとも1つを冷却することと、
前記第2の冷却材に接する熱交換によって、前記天然ガスを冷却することと、
を含み、
前記一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)の伝達機構(301)は、前記単一の原動機(160)によって駆動され、
少なくとも1つの第1のシャフトは、3,000rpm以上7,000rpm以下の回転速度で、前記伝達機構(301)によって回転駆動され、前記第1の圧縮機段の少なくとも1つを駆動し、
少なくとも1つの第2のシャフト(305)は、8,000rpm以上20,000rpm以下の回転速度で、前記伝達機構(301)によって回転駆動され、前記第2の圧縮機段の少なくとも1つを駆動する、
方法。 - 複数の圧縮機段を有する一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)を用いて天然ガスを液化する方法であって、
単一の原動機(160)で、前記一体型ギヤ付ターボ圧縮機(150)を駆動することと、
前記複数の圧縮機段の複数の第1の圧縮機段(151)のうちの各々1つを通るように誘導される予冷流に分けられた第1の冷却材を循環することであって、当該第1の圧縮機段(151)のそれぞれは、前記単一の原動機(160)によって駆動される、前記循環することと、
前記複数の圧縮機段の1つ以上の第2の圧縮機段(155)を通るように、第2の冷却材を循環することであって、当該1つ以上の第2の圧縮機段(155)のそれぞれは、前記単一の原動機(160)によって駆動される、前記循環することと、
前記第1の冷却材に接する熱交換によって、天然ガス及び前記第2の冷却材の少なくとも1つを冷却することと、
前記第2の冷却材に接する熱交換によって、前記天然ガスを冷却することと、
を含み、
前記第1の冷却材は、3つ以上の前記第1の圧縮機段を通るように連続的に循環し、10バール〜40バール(絶対圧)の範囲にわたる出口圧力まで圧縮され、及び/または、前記第2の冷却材は、3つ以上の前記第2の圧縮機段を通るように連続的に循環し、50バール〜100バール(絶対圧)の範囲にわたる出口圧力まで圧縮される、
方法。 - 前記第1の圧縮機段及び/又は前記第2の圧縮機段の数が4つ以上である、請求項14又は15記載の方法。
- 複数の減圧レベルにおいて、複数の連続的に配列された第1の膨張要素(241,243,245,247)によって、前記第1の冷却材を膨張することと、
前記第1の冷却材の部分を、前記複数の連続的に配列された第1の膨張要素(241,243,245,247)から、複数の第1の熱交換器(249,251,253,255)を通るように循環させて熱を前記天然ガスから除去することと、
前記第1の冷却材の前記部分を、前記複数の第1の熱交換器(249,251,253,255)から、前記第1の圧縮機段の各々1つに戻すことと、
をさらに含む、請求項14から16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 移動可能な注入口案内羽根を独立して制御し、各々の部分的流れの流動状態に応じて、前記第1の圧縮機段の吸引側における部分的流れを調整することをさらに含む、請求項14から17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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