JP6939171B2 - Nitrogen oxide reduction method using catalyst and catalyst - Google Patents
Nitrogen oxide reduction method using catalyst and catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- JP6939171B2 JP6939171B2 JP2017140094A JP2017140094A JP6939171B2 JP 6939171 B2 JP6939171 B2 JP 6939171B2 JP 2017140094 A JP2017140094 A JP 2017140094A JP 2017140094 A JP2017140094 A JP 2017140094A JP 6939171 B2 JP6939171 B2 JP 6939171B2
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 93
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZFSFDELZPURLKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound N.O.O ZFSFDELZPURLKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- OSSXLTCIVXOQNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl(dipropyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](C)(C)CCC OSSXLTCIVXOQNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本発明は、ゼオライトを含む触媒及びこれを用いた窒素酸化物の処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a catalyst containing zeolite and a method for treating nitrogen oxides using the catalyst.
選択的接触還元（Ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｃａｔａｌｙｔｉｃ ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ；以下、「ＳＣＲ」とする）は窒素酸化物を還元して無害化する技術であり、工場排ガス、自動車排ガス、船舶排ガスなど、各種の内燃機関から排出される排ガスの浄化技術として実用化されている。ＳＣＲに用いられる触媒（以下、「ＳＣＲ触媒」とする。）は、主にゼオライトに遷移金属を含有させたものが使用されており、用途に応じて使い分けがされている。例えば、β型ゼオライトに鉄を含有させたものは高い窒素酸化物還元特性を有するため、ディーゼル車の排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元するためのＳＣＲ触媒として検討されている（例えば、特許文献１）。一方、ＣＨＡ型ゼオライトをはじめとする、最大細孔環サイズが酸素８員環であるゼオライト（以下、「小細孔ゼオライト」ともいう。）もＳＣＲ触媒として検討されている（例えば、特許文献２）。 Selective catalytic reduction (hereinafter referred to as "SCR") is a technology that reduces nitrogen oxides to make them harmless, and is emitted from various internal combustion engines such as factory exhaust gas, automobile exhaust gas, and ship exhaust gas. It has been put to practical use as an exhaust gas purification technology. As the catalyst used for SCR (hereinafter referred to as "SCR catalyst"), a catalyst containing a transition metal in zeolite is mainly used, and it is used properly according to the application. For example, β-zeolite containing iron has high nitrogen oxide reduction characteristics, and is therefore studied as an SCR catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas of diesel vehicles (for example, Patent Document 1). ). On the other hand, zeolites having a maximum pore ring size of an oxygen 8-membered ring (hereinafter, also referred to as “small pore zeolite”), such as CHA-type zeolite, are also being studied as SCR catalysts (for example, Patent Document 2). ).
小細孔ゼオライトは一般的に高価な構造指向剤を使用して合成する必要があるためコストが高く、より安価なディーゼル車の排ガス浄化触媒が求められている。これに対し、β型ゼオライトは安価な原料から合成することができるが、熱負荷に対する耐性が十分ではなく、触媒寿命が短い。 Since small pore zeolites generally need to be synthesized using an expensive structure-directing agent, the cost is high, and a cheaper exhaust gas purification catalyst for diesel vehicles is required. On the other hand, β-type zeolite can be synthesized from an inexpensive raw material, but its resistance to heat load is not sufficient and the catalyst life is short.
本発明は、高価な構造指向剤を使用することなく、β型ゼオライトからなるＳＣＲ触媒としてのとの置換が可能な触媒及びこれを用いた窒素酸化物還元方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst that can be replaced with an SCR catalyst made of β-zeolite without using an expensive structure-directing agent, and a nitrogen oxide reduction method using the same.
本発明者等は、ＳＣＲ触媒として、原料に高価な構造指向剤を必要とすることなく、高い窒素酸化物還元特性を示す触媒及び触媒担体について検討した。その結果、β型ゼオライトからなる触媒と比べ、より熱負荷に対する耐性に優れた触媒を見出した。 The present inventors have studied catalysts and catalyst carriers that exhibit high nitrogen oxide reduction characteristics as SCR catalysts without requiring an expensive structure-directing agent as a raw material. As a result, we have found a catalyst that is more resistant to heat load than a catalyst made of β-zeolite.
すなわち、本発明の要旨は、以下のとおりである。
［１］ 遷移金属を含有し、なおかつ、以下の粉末Ｘ線回折パターンを有するゼオライト、を含む触媒。
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] A catalyst containing a transition metal and containing a zeolite having the following powder X-ray diffraction pattern.
［２］ 前記遷移金属が周期表の８族、９族、１０族及び１１族からなる群の少なくとも１種である上記［１］に記載の触媒。
［３］ 前記遷移金属が銅又は鉄の少なくともいずれかである上記［１］又は［２］に記載の触媒。
［４］ 上記［１］乃至［３］のいずれかに記載の触媒を使用することを特徴とする窒素酸化物の還元方法。
[2] The catalyst according to the above [1], wherein the transition metal is at least one of the groups consisting of groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the periodic table.
[3] The catalyst according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the transition metal is at least one of copper and iron.
[4] A method for reducing nitrogen oxides, which comprises using the catalyst according to any one of the above [1] to [3].
本発明により、高価な構造指向剤を使用することなく、β型ゼオライトからなるＳＣＲ触媒としてのとの置換が可能な触媒及びこれを用いた窒素酸化物還元方法を提供することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a catalyst that can be replaced with an SCR catalyst made of β-zeolite without using an expensive structure-directing agent, and a nitrogen oxide reduction method using the same.
以下、本発明の触媒について説明する。 Hereinafter, the catalyst of the present invention will be described.
本発明の触媒は、遷移金属を含有し、なおかつ、以下の粉末Ｘ線回折（以下、「ＸＲＤ」ともいう。）パターンを有するゼオライト、を含む。 The catalyst of the present invention contains a transition metal and contains a zeolite having the following powder X-ray diffraction (hereinafter, also referred to as “XRD”) pattern.
より好ましいゼオライトのＸＲＤパターンとして、以下のＸＲＤパターンを挙げることができる。 As a more preferable XRD pattern of zeolite, the following XRD pattern can be mentioned.
本発明において、相対ピーク強度は、ｄ値＝３．４３±０．０７Åのピーク強度を１００とした場合の各ピークの相対強度である。 In the present invention, the relative peak intensity is the relative intensity of each peak when the peak intensity of d value = 3.43 ± 0.07 Å is set to 100.
この様なＸＲＤパターンを有するゼオライトは、酸素１２員環及び酸素８員環を含むゼオライトであり、ＹＮＵ−５であることが好ましい。 The zeolite having such an XRD pattern is a zeolite containing an oxygen 12-membered ring and an oxygen 8-membered ring, and is preferably YNU-5.
ゼオライトのアルミナに対するシリカのモル比（以下、「ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３」ともいう。）は、５以上１００以下、更には１０以上５０以下、また更には１５以上３０以下を挙げることができる。 The molar ratio of silica to alumina of zeolite (hereinafter, also referred to as “SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ”) can be 5 or more and 100 or less, further 10 or more and 50 or less, and further 15 or more and 30 or less. ..
本発明の触媒に含まれるゼオライトは遷移金属を含有する。上記のＸＲＤパターンを有するゼオライトと遷移金属との間に相互作用が生じることにより、熱負荷に対する耐性が高くなり、なおかつ、窒素酸化物還元特性が発現される。 The zeolite contained in the catalyst of the present invention contains a transition metal. By the interaction between the zeolite having the above XRD pattern and the transition metal, the resistance to heat load is increased and the nitrogen oxide reduction property is exhibited.
ゼオライトが含有する遷移金属として、周期表の８族、９族、１０族及び１１族の群から選ばれる少なくとも１種が挙げられ、白金（Ｐｔ）、パラジウム（Ｐｄ）、ロジウム（Ｒｈ）、鉄（Ｆｅ）、銅（Ｃｕ）、コバルト（Ｃｏ）、マンガン（Ｍｎ）及びインジウム（Ｉｎ）の群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることが好ましく、鉄又は銅の少なくともいずれかであることがより好ましい。 Examples of the transition metal contained in the zeolite include at least one selected from the groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the periodic table, and includes platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), and iron. It is preferably at least one selected from the group of (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn) and indium (In), and more preferably at least one of iron or copper. ..
本発明の触媒におけるアルミニウムに対する遷移金属のモル比（以下、「Ｍｅｔａｌ／Ａｌ比」ともいう。）は０．１以上０．５以下、更には０．１５以上０．４５以下であることが挙げられる。このようなＭｅｔａｌ／Ａｌ比を有することで、低温下における窒素酸化物還元率が高くなりやすい。 The molar ratio of the transition metal to aluminum in the catalyst of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “Metal / Al ratio”) is 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less, and further 0.15 or more and 0.45 or less. Be done. Having such a Metal / Al ratio tends to increase the nitrogen oxide reduction rate at low temperatures.
本発明の触媒の遷移金属含有量は１．０重量％以上であることが好ましく、１．５重量％以上であることがより好ましく、２．０重量％以上であることが更に好ましい。遷移金属の含有量が１．０重量％以上であることで、本発明の金属含有ゼオライト触媒の窒素酸化物還元率がより高くなりやすい。一方、遷移金属の含有量が５．０重量％以下、更には４．５重量％以下、また更には４．０重量％以下であればよい。 The transition metal content of the catalyst of the present invention is preferably 1.0% by weight or more, more preferably 1.5% by weight or more, still more preferably 2.0% by weight or more. When the content of the transition metal is 1.0% by weight or more, the nitrogen oxide reduction rate of the metal-containing zeolite catalyst of the present invention tends to be higher. On the other hand, the content of the transition metal may be 5.0% by weight or less, further 4.5% by weight or less, and further 4.0% by weight or less.
本発明における触媒の遷移金属含有量は、本発明の触媒に含まれる遷移金属を含有するゼオライトの重量に対する遷移金属の重量である。 The transition metal content of the catalyst in the present invention is the weight of the transition metal with respect to the weight of the zeolite containing the transition metal contained in the catalyst of the present invention.
本発明の触媒に含まれるゼオライトは、アルミナに対するシリカのモル比（以下、「ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３」ともいう。）は、５以上１００以下、更には１０以上５０以下、また更には１５以上３０以下であることが好ましい。 The zeolite contained in the catalyst of the present invention has a molar ratio of silica to alumina (hereinafter, also referred to as “SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ”) of 5 or more and 100 or less, further 10 or more and 50 or less, and further 15 It is preferably 30 or more and 30 or less.
次に、本発明の触媒の製造方法について説明する。 Next, the method for producing the catalyst of the present invention will be described.
本発明の触媒は、遷移金属を含有し、なおかつ、上記のＸＲＤピークを有するゼオライトを含んでいれば任意の方法で製造することができる。本発明の触媒の製造方法として、以下のＸＲＤパターンを有するゼオライトと遷移金属源を混合して、遷移金属含有ゼオライトを得る金属含有工程、を含む製造方法を挙げることができる。 The catalyst of the present invention can be produced by any method as long as it contains a transition metal and also contains a zeolite having the above-mentioned XRD peak. Examples of the method for producing the catalyst of the present invention include a metal-containing step of mixing a zeolite having the following XRD pattern with a transition metal source to obtain a transition metal-containing zeolite.
金属含有工程に供するゼオライトは、以下のＸＲＤパターンを有していることが好ましい。 The zeolite used in the metal-containing step preferably has the following XRD pattern.
金属含有工程に供するゼオライトのアルミナに対するシリカのモル比（ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３）は、５以上１００以下、更には１０以上５０以下、また更には１５以上３０以下を挙げることができる。 The molar ratio of silica to alumina (SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ) of the zeolite used in the metal-containing step can be 5 or more and 100 or less, further 10 or more and 50 or less, and further 15 or more and 30 or less.
このようなゼオライトは触媒担体として供することもできる。このようなゼオライトの製造方法として、第３２回ゼオライト研究発表会講演予稿集（２０１６）ｐ．２７（以下、「参考文献」ともいう。）で開示された方法で製造する製造方法を挙げることができる。このようなゼオライトは、シリカ源、アルミナ源、アルカリ源、水、及び、構造指向剤（以下、「ＳＤＡ」ともいう。）としてジメチルジプロピルアンモニウムヒドロキシド（以下、「Ｍｅ２Ｐｒ２ＮＯＨ」ともいう。）を含む原料組成物をオートクレーブで水熱処理することで結晶化することができる。 Such zeolites can also be used as catalyst carriers. As a method for producing such zeolite, the 32nd Zeolite Research Presentation Lecture Proceedings (2016) p. A manufacturing method for manufacturing by the method disclosed in 27 (hereinafter, also referred to as “reference material”) can be mentioned. Such zeolites are also referred to as silica source, alumina source, alkali source, water, and dimethyldipropylammonium hydroxide (hereinafter, also referred to as “Me 2 Pr 2 NOH”) as a structure-directing agent (hereinafter, also referred to as “SDA”). The raw material composition containing (referred to as) can be crystallized by hydrothermally treating it with an autoclave.
原料組成物の組成として以下のものを挙げることができる。
ＳｉＯ２：０．０２５Ａｌ２Ｏ３：０．１７Ｍｅ２Ｐｒ２ＮＯＨ
：０．１５ＮａＯＨ：０．１５ＫＯＨ：７Ｈ２Ｏ
The following can be mentioned as the composition of the raw material composition.
SiO 2 : 0.025Al 2 O 3 : 0.17Me 2 Pr 2 NOW
: 0.15 NaOH: 0.15KOH: 7H 2 O
水熱処理の条件は、１６０℃で７日間加熱することが挙げられる。得られたゼオライトを脱アルミニウム処理し、ゼオライトのＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３を調整してもよい。 The conditions for hydrothermal treatment include heating at 160 ° C. for 7 days. The obtained zeolite may be dealuminated to adjust SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 of the zeolite.
金属含有工程において、ゼオライトに遷移金属が含有されれば、ゼオライトと遷移金属源の混合方法は任意である。混合方法として、例えば、含浸担持法、蒸発乾固法、沈殿担持法、及び物理混合法の群から選ばれる少なくとも１種を挙げることができる。ゼオライトへの遷移金属含有量が制御しやすいため、混合方法は含浸担持法であることが好ましい。 In the metal-containing step, if the zeolite contains a transition metal, the method of mixing the zeolite and the transition metal source is arbitrary. Examples of the mixing method include at least one selected from the group of impregnation-supporting method, evaporation-drying method, precipitation-supporting method, and physical mixing method. Since the transition metal content to zeolite is easy to control, the mixing method is preferably an impregnation-supporting method.
金属含有工程に供する遷移金属源は、遷移金属又は遷移金属を含む化合物であればよく、遷移金属の化合物であることが好ましい。遷移金属の化合物として、遷移金属を含む硝酸塩、硫酸塩、酢酸塩、塩化物、錯塩、酸化物及び複合酸化物からなる群の少なくとも１種を挙げることができ、硝酸塩、硫酸塩及び塩化物からなる群の少なくとも１種であることが好ましい
遷移金属源に含まれる遷移金属は、周期表の８族、９族、１０族及び１１族の群から選ばれる少なくとも１種が挙げられ、白金（Ｐｔ）、パラジウム（Ｐｄ）、ロジウム（Ｒｈ）、鉄（Ｆｅ）、銅（Ｃｕ）、コバルト（Ｃｏ）、マンガン（Ｍｎ）及びインジウム（Ｉｎ）の群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることが好ましく、鉄又は銅の少なくともいずれかであることがより好ましい。
The transition metal source used in the metal-containing step may be a transition metal or a compound containing a transition metal, and is preferably a compound of the transition metal. Examples of the transition metal compound include at least one of the group consisting of nitrates, sulfates, acetates, chlorides, complex salts, oxides and composite oxides containing transition metals, from nitrates, sulfates and chlorides. The transition metal contained in the transition metal source preferably includes at least one of the groups 8 and 9, 10 and 11 of the periodic table, and examples thereof include platinum (Pt). ), Palladium (Pd), Rhodium (Rh), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn) and Indium (In). More preferably, it is at least one of iron or copper.
本発明の触媒の製造方法は、遷移金属含有ゼオライトを焼成する焼成工程を含むことが好ましい。金属含有工程後の遷移金属含有ゼオライトの不純物等が除去できれば焼成条件は任意である。焼成条件として、酸化雰囲気又は還元雰囲気の少なくともいずれかで、１００℃以上６００℃以下、１時間以上１０時間以下処理することが挙げられる。 The method for producing a catalyst of the present invention preferably includes a firing step of firing a transition metal-containing zeolite. The firing conditions are arbitrary as long as impurities and the like of the transition metal-containing zeolite after the metal-containing step can be removed. Examples of the firing conditions include treatment at 100 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower for 1 hour or longer and 10 hours or shorter in at least one of an oxidizing atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere.
本発明の触媒は、熱負荷に対する耐性が高い。そのため、水熱耐久処理など、高温高湿下に晒された後であっても結晶性の低下が少ない。更には高い窒素酸化物還元率を有し、特に水熱耐久処理後であっても高い窒素酸化物還元特性を有する。そのため、本発明の触媒は、触媒として、更には窒素酸化物還元触媒として、また更には尿素ＳＣＲ触媒として使用することができる。さらには、より高い排気ガス温度におけるディーゼル車用のＳＣＲ触媒として使用することができる。 The catalyst of the present invention has high resistance to heat load. Therefore, there is little decrease in crystallinity even after exposure to high temperature and high humidity such as hydrothermal endurance treatment. Furthermore, it has a high nitrogen oxide reduction rate, and particularly has high nitrogen oxide reduction characteristics even after hydrothermal endurance treatment. Therefore, the catalyst of the present invention can be used as a catalyst, a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst, and a urea SCR catalyst. Furthermore, it can be used as an SCR catalyst for diesel vehicles at higher exhaust gas temperatures.
本発明において、水熱耐久処理とは、水分濃度４．５体積％以上の空気中、７００℃以上で処理することである。水熱耐久処理の温度及び時間は任意であるが、水熱耐久処理の温度が高くなること、時間が長くなること、又は水分濃度が高くなることで、ゼオライトへの熱負荷が大きくなる。そのため、一般的には水熱耐久処理が高温、長時間、又は高水分濃度となるほど、ゼオライト骨格からのアルミニウムの脱離をはじめとする、ゼオライトの崩壊が起こりやすくなる。 In the present invention, the hydrothermal endurance treatment is a treatment at 700 ° C. or higher in air having a water concentration of 4.5% by volume or higher. The temperature and time of the hydrothermal endurance treatment are arbitrary, but as the temperature and time of the hydrothermal endurance treatment increase, the time becomes longer, or the water concentration increases, the heat load on the zeolite increases. Therefore, in general, the higher the hydrothermal endurance treatment is, the higher the temperature, the longer the time, or the higher the water concentration, the more likely the zeolite is to disintegrate, including the desorption of aluminum from the zeolite skeleton.
具体的な水熱処理条件として、水分濃度５〜１５体積％の空気中、７２０〜８００℃で１時間以上処理すること、更には水分濃度７．５〜１２．５体積％の空気中、７３０〜７８０℃で１２時間以上処理することが挙げられる。 As specific hydrothermal treatment conditions, treatment is performed at 720 to 800 ° C. for 1 hour or more in air having a water concentration of 5 to 15% by volume, and further, 730 to 12.5% by volume in air having a water concentration of 7.5 to 12.5% by volume. Treatment at 780 ° C. for 12 hours or more can be mentioned.
以下、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明する。しかしながら、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（構造の同定）
一般的なＸ線回折装置（装置名：ＲＩＮＴ Ｕｌｔｉｍａ ＩＶ、リガク社製）を使用し、試料のＸＲＤ測定をした。測定条件を以下に示す。
線源 ：ＣｕＫα線（λ＝１．５４０５Å）
測定モード ：ステップスキャン
スキャン条件 ：毎秒０．０２°
計測時間 ：６．７分
測定範囲 ：２θとして３°から４３°
(Identification of structure)
The XRD measurement of the sample was performed using a general X-ray diffractometer (device name: RINT Ultima IV, manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd.). The measurement conditions are shown below.
Radioactive source: CuKα ray (λ = 1.5405Å)
Measurement mode: Step scan
Scan conditions: 0.02 ° per second
Measurement time: 6.7 minutes
Measurement range: 3 ° to 43 ° as 2θ
（組成分析）
組成分析は誘導結合プラズマ発光分析法（ＩＣＰ法）により行った。すなわち、試料をフッ酸と硝酸の混合溶液に溶解させ、測定溶液を調製した。一般的な誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置（装置名：ＯＰＴＩＭＡ５３００ＤＶ、ＰＥＲＫＩＮ ＥＬＭＥＲ製）を用いて、得られた測定溶液を測定して試料の組成を分析した。
(Composition analysis)
Composition analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP method). That is, the sample was dissolved in a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid to prepare a measurement solution. The composition of the sample was analyzed by measuring the obtained measurement solution using a general inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (device name: OPTIMA5300DV, manufactured by PERKIN ELMER).
アルミニウム（Ａｌ）のモル濃度に対する、銅（Ｃｕ）のモル濃度を求め、これをアルミニウムに対する銅の原子割合とした。 The molar concentration of copper (Cu) with respect to the molar concentration of aluminum (Al) was determined, and this was taken as the atomic ratio of copper to aluminum.
（水熱耐久処理）
試料をプレス成形し、凝集径１２メッシュ〜２０メッシュの凝集粒子とした。凝集粒子状の試料２ｍＬを常圧固定床流通式反応管に充填し、これに水分濃度１０体積％の空気を３００ｍＬ／分（空間速度として９，０００ｈ−１）で流通させながら、７５０℃で２４時間処理することで、水熱耐久処理とした。
(Hydrothermal endurance treatment)
The sample was press-molded to obtain agglomerated particles having an agglutinating diameter of 12 to 20 mesh. 2 mL of agglomerated particulate sample is filled in a normal pressure fixed bed flow type reaction tube, and air having a water concentration of 10% by volume is circulated at 300 mL / min (9,000 h -1 as a space velocity) at 750 ° C. The treatment was carried out for 24 hours to obtain a hydrothermal endurance treatment.
（耐久性評価）
水熱耐久処理前後の試料について、（構造の同定）と同様な方法でＸＲＤパターンを測定した。水熱耐久処理前において相対強度が７５％以上であった各ＸＲＤピークについて、当該ＸＲＤピークに対する水熱耐久処理前後のピーク強度の割合（％）を求め、その平均値をもって残存強度とした。
(Durability evaluation)
For the samples before and after the hydrothermal endurance treatment, the XRD pattern was measured by the same method as (identification of structure). For each XRD peak whose relative strength was 75% or more before the hydrothermal endurance treatment, the ratio (%) of the peak intensity before and after the hydrothermal endurance treatment to the XRD peak was determined, and the average value was taken as the residual strength.
（窒素酸化物還元率の測定方法）
試料の窒素酸化物還元率は、以下に示すアンモニアＳＣＲ方法により測定した。
(Measurement method of nitrogen oxide reduction rate)
The nitrogen oxide reduction rate of the sample was measured by the ammonia SCR method shown below.
プレス成形後、１２メッシュ〜２０メッシュに整粒した試料１．５ｍＬを反応管に充填した。その後、反応温度２００℃で、以下の条件で処理ガスを当該反応管に流通させた。
処理ガス組成 ：ＮＯ ２００ｐｐｍ
ＮＨ３ ２００ｐｐｍ
Ｏ２ １０容量％
Ｈ２Ｏ ３容量％
残部 Ｎ２
処理ガスの流量 ：１．５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ
空間速度（ＳＶ） ：６０，０００ｈｒ−１
After press molding, the reaction tube was filled with 1.5 mL of a sample sized to 12 mesh to 20 mesh. Then, the processing gas was circulated through the reaction tube at a reaction temperature of 200 ° C. under the following conditions.
Treatment gas composition: NO 200ppm
NH 3 200ppm
O 2 10 Volume%
H 2 O 3 Volume%
Remaining N 2
Flow rate of processing gas: 1.5 L / min
Space velocity (SV): 60,000 hr -1
反応管に流通させた処理ガス中の窒素酸化物濃度（２００ｐｐｍ）に対する、触媒流通後の処理ガス中の窒素酸化物濃度（ｐｐｍ）を求め、以下の式に従って、窒素酸化物還元率を求めた。
窒素酸化物還元率（％）＝｛１−（接触後の処理ガス中の窒素酸化物濃度
／接触前の処理ガス中の窒素酸化物濃度）｝×１００
The nitrogen oxide concentration (ppm) in the treated gas after the catalyst flow was determined with respect to the nitrogen oxide concentration (200 ppm) in the treated gas distributed in the reaction tube, and the nitrogen oxide reduction rate was determined according to the following formula. ..
Nitrogen oxide reduction rate (%) = {1- (Nitrogen oxide concentration in the treated gas after contact)
/ Nitrogen oxide concentration in treated gas before contact)} x 100
実施例１
（触媒の調製）
参考文献の方法に準じてゼオライトを合成した。すなわち、コロイダルシリカＡＳ−４０、Ｙ型ゼオライトＨＳＺ−３５０ＨＵＡ、Ｍｅ２Ｐｒ２ＮＯＨ、ＮａＯＨ、ＫＯＨ及びＨ２Ｏを混合し、以下のモル組成を有する原料組成物を得た。
ＳｉＯ２：０．０２５Ａｌ２Ｏ３：０．１７Ｍｅ２Ｐｒ２ＮＯＨ
：０．１５ＮａＯＨ：０．１５ＫＯＨ：７Ｈ２Ｏ
Example 1
(Catalyst preparation)
Zeolites were synthesized according to the method of reference. That is, colloidal silica AS-40, Y-type zeolite HSZ-350HUA, Me 2 Pr 2 NOH, NaOH, KOH and H 2 O were mixed to obtain a raw material composition having the following molar composition.
SiO 2 : 0.025Al 2 O 3 : 0.17Me 2 Pr 2 NOW
: 0.15 NaOH: 0.15KOH: 7H 2 O
得られた原料組成物をオートクレーブに充填し、１６０℃、７日間静置下で結晶化することでゼオライトを得た。得られたゼオライトを空気中、５５０℃で６時間焼成した。焼成後のゼオライトを２０％塩化アンモニウム水溶液で処理した後、大気中１１０℃で一晩乾燥した。これにより、ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３が１９である、ＮＨ４型のゼオライトを得た。 The obtained raw material composition was filled in an autoclave and crystallized at 160 ° C. for 7 days to obtain zeolite. The obtained zeolite was calcined in air at 550 ° C. for 6 hours. The calcined zeolite was treated with a 20% aqueous ammonium chloride solution and then dried in the air at 110 ° C. overnight. Thus, SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 is 19 to give the NH 4 type zeolite.
得られたゼオライトのＸＲＤパターンを下表に示す。 The XRD pattern of the obtained zeolite is shown in the table below.
次いで、硝酸銅三水和物０．０７８ｇを純水０．５３ｇに溶解して硝酸銅溶液を調製した。当該硝酸銅溶液を、得られたＮＨ４型のゼオライト２．８ｇに滴下し、乳鉢で１０分間含浸混合した。混合後のゼオライトを１１０℃で一晩乾燥させた後、空気中、５５０℃で１時間焼成することで銅含有ゼオライトを得、これを本実施例の触媒とした。 Then, 0.078 g of copper nitrate trihydrate was dissolved in 0.53 g of pure water to prepare a copper nitrate solution. The copper nitrate solution was added dropwise to the zeolite 2.8g of NH 4 form obtained was mortar impregnated mixed for 10 minutes. The mixed zeolite was dried at 110 ° C. overnight and then calcined in air at 550 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a copper-containing zeolite, which was used as the catalyst of this example.
本実施例の触媒は、ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３が２０であり、銅含有量が３．１重量％であり、Ｃｕ／Ａｌ比が０．３４であった。本発明の触媒のＸＲＤパターンを下表に示す。 The catalyst of this example had a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 content of 20, a copper content of 3.1% by weight, and a Cu / Al ratio of 0.34. The XRD pattern of the catalyst of the present invention is shown in the table below.
（水熱耐久処理）
比較対象としてディーゼル車用のＳＣＲ触媒として良好な性能を示す銅含有β型ゼオライト（ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝１８、Ｃｕ／Ａｌ＝０．３２及び銅含有量３．３重量％）を使用した。銅含有β型ゼオライトのＸＲＤパターンを下表に示す。
(Hydrothermal endurance treatment)
For comparison, copper-containing β-zeolite (SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 = 18, Cu / Al = 0.32 and copper content 3.3% by weight), which shows good performance as an SCR catalyst for diesel vehicles, is used. bottom. The XRD pattern of the copper-containing β-type zeolite is shown in the table below.
本実施例の触媒及び銅含有β型ゼオライトをそれぞれプレス成形し、凝集径１２メッシュ〜２０メッシュの凝集粒子とした。凝集粒子状の試料２ｍＬを常圧固定床流通式反応管にそれぞれ充填し、これに水分濃度１０体積％の空気を３００ｍＬ／分（空間速度として９，０００ｈ−１）で流通させながら、７５０℃で２４時間処理することで、水熱耐久処理とした。水熱耐久処理後の本実施例の触媒のピーク強度割合を表８に、銅含有β型ゼオライトのピーク強度割合を表９に示した。 The catalyst of this example and the copper-containing β-zeolite were press-molded to obtain agglutinated particles having an agglutinating diameter of 12 to 20 mesh. 2 mL of agglomerated particulate sample was filled in each of the atmospheric pressure fixed bed flow type reaction tubes, and air having a water concentration of 10% by volume was circulated at 300 mL / min (space velocity: 9,000 h -1 ) at 750 ° C. The treatment was carried out for 24 hours to obtain a hydrothermal endurance treatment. Table 8 shows the peak intensity ratio of the catalyst of this example after the hydrothermal endurance treatment, and Table 9 shows the peak intensity ratio of the copper-containing β-zeolite.
本実施例の触媒は、銅含有β型ゼオライトに比べて残存強度が高く、水熱耐久処理後も高い結晶性を維持することが確認できた。これより本発明の触媒はβ型ゼオライトよりも耐久性が高く、より寿命が長い触媒として利用できることが分かる。 It was confirmed that the catalyst of this example has a higher residual strength than the copper-containing β-type zeolite and maintains high crystallinity even after the hydrothermal endurance treatment. From this, it can be seen that the catalyst of the present invention has higher durability than β-type zeolite and can be used as a catalyst having a longer life.
（窒素酸化物還元特性の評価）
水熱耐久処理後の本実施例の触媒及び銅含有β型ゼオライトについて、窒素酸化物還元率を測定した。結果を下表に示す。
(Evaluation of nitrogen oxide reduction characteristics)
The nitrogen oxide reduction rate was measured for the catalyst of this example and the copper-containing β-zeolite after the hydrothermal endurance treatment. The results are shown in the table below.
表１１より、本実施例の触媒は、銅含有β型ゼオライトと比べ２００℃の低温において高い窒素酸化物還元率を示すことが確認できた。 From Table 11, it was confirmed that the catalyst of this example showed a higher nitrogen oxide reduction rate at a low temperature of 200 ° C. as compared with the copper-containing β-type zeolite.
本発明により、排気ガス処理システムに組み込まれる触媒として使用できる。特に本発明の金属含有新規大細孔ゼオライトは、還元剤の存在下で自動車、特にディーゼル車の排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去する、ＳＣＲ触媒、更にはＤＰＦと一体化されたＳＣＲ触媒として使用できる。 According to the present invention, it can be used as a catalyst incorporated in an exhaust gas treatment system. In particular, the metal-containing novel large pore zeolite of the present invention can be used as an SCR catalyst that reduces and removes nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of automobiles, especially diesel vehicles, in the presence of a reducing agent, and further as an SCR catalyst integrated with DPF. Can be used.
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