JP6935444B2 - How to grow coniferous saplings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating coniferous seedlings.

About two-thirds of Japan's land area is forest area, of which about 40% is artificial forest area such as sugi and cypress. Forestation is important for Japanese industry and environmental conservation. In the past, farmers individually cultivated coniferous saplings such as sugi and cypress, and seeds or young trees were planted and cultivated in natural soil such as fields. was there. As the number of forestry workers decreases due to the aging of the population, more efficient seedling raising of coniferous trees is desired.

Therefore, in recent years, attention has been focused on systematic seedling production using containers at a lower cost. However, when growing coniferous trees using containers, the soil that can be stored in the containers is larger than that of fields. Due to restrictions, seedlings have poor rooting, and it takes a period of years (usually 1.5 to 3 years) to raise coniferous trees, but even if they are planted in containers, the rate of withering during growth is very high. there were.

On the other hand, a method of cultivating a plant using microbubbles is known (Patent Documents 1 to 3). It is believed that cultivating plants using water containing microbubbles can promote plant growth.

JP 2010-94117 JP 2011-255294 JP 2015-97515

However, the conventional use of microbubble plant cultivation is limited to the cultivation of edible plants such as vegetables and fruits. As for the cultivation method, for example, microbubble water is sprinkled on the soil in which gobo or potato is planted and cultivated in the open field (Patent Documents 1 and 2), or plants such as sprout and leafy vegetables are hydroponically containing microbubbles. It is hydroponically cultivated with liquid (Patent Documents 2 and 3), and no efforts are being made to efficiently raise seedlings of coniferous trees using containers.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating coniferous saplings capable of efficiently growing coniferous saplings in good condition.

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors cultivate coniferous tree seedlings planted in a cultivation medium in a cultivation container using water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles, thereby cultivating coniferous trees in a container. We have found that it is possible to promote the growth of seedlings and greatly increase the probability of obtaining seedlings in a healthy state, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention includes the subjects described in the following sections.

Item 1. A method for cultivating coniferous seedlings, which comprises cultivating coniferous seedlings planted in a cultivation medium in a cultivation container using water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles.

Item 2. Item 2. The cultivation method according to Item 1, wherein the fine bubbles contain bubbles having a diameter of 1 nm to 50 μm.

Item 3. Item 3. The cultivation method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the fine bubbles contain bubbles having a diameter of less than 1 μm.

Item 4. Item 3. The cultivation method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the conifer is a conifer of the family Taxodiaceae, Pinaceae, or Cupressaceae.

Item 5.5 Any one of items 1 to 4 in which water or an aqueous solution containing the fine bubbles is given to the seedlings of the coniferous tree at a frequency of once a day to three times a day for 15 consecutive days or more. Cultivation method described in.

Item 6. Item 8. The cultivation method according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the cultivation container is a seedling raising container having a plurality of holes for accommodating seedlings.

According to the present invention, the growth of seedlings is promoted, and it becomes possible to efficiently grow coniferous seedlings using a cultivation container. Further, according to the present invention, the cultivated seedlings are in good condition, and even during the same cultivation period, the diameter of the trunk of the seedlings, the length of the branches, and the weight of the roots are compared with those of the container cultivation without using fine bubbles. Etc. increase. Therefore, since the period for growing coniferous seedlings until they can be shipped can be shortened, the cost for raising seedlings can be significantly reduced.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cultivation device for coniferous saplings according to an embodiment of the present invention. A photograph showing the growth state of four types of coniferous trees 84 days after sowing. (A) Sugi, (B) Hinoki, (C) Japanese red pine, (D) Japanese black pine. A photograph showing the growth state of four types of coniferous trees 175 days after sowing. (A) Sugi, (B) Hinoki, (C) Japanese red pine, (D) Japanese black pine. A photograph showing the growth state of coniferous trees of Sugi seedlings 226 days after sowing. The container on the left is the fine bubble zone, and the container on the right is the normal zone. The graph which compared the diameter of the trunk of the sugi seedling in the fine bubble group (n = 34) and the normal group (n = 19). A graph comparing the lengths of the longest branches of Sugi seedlings in the fine bubble plot (n = 5) and the normal plot (n = 14). The graph which shows the height of the seedling of Sugi seedling of a fine bubble group (n = 34) and a normal group (n = 39). Photograph showing the growth of roots of Sugi seedlings in the fine bubble area and the normal area. The seedlings on the left are in the fine bubble area, and the seedlings on the right are in the normal area.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cultivating coniferous seedlings, which comprises cultivating coniferous seedlings planted in a cultivation medium in a cultivation container using water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles. ..

Conifer refers to a group of gymnosperms that have coniferous fruits, and includes plants of Pinaceae, Hinoki family (including Sugi family), Maki family, Araucariaceae, Yews, and Cephalotaxaceae.

The pine family is Fir (Abies), Kataya (Cathaya), Himalayan genus (Cedrus), Yusan genus (Keteleeria), Larch genus (Larix), Nothotsuga genus, Pinus genus (Pinus), Tohi genus (Pinus) Piciea), Inukaramatsu (Pseudolarix), Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga), Hemlocks (Tsuga), but not limited to these.

The genus genus is Cunninghamioideae, Athrotaxidoideae, Taiwanioideae, Sequoioideae, Taxodioideae, Callitroideae, Callitroideae, Callitroideae. Classified as Cupressoideae), the subfamily Callitris includes the genus Callitris (Cunninghamia), the subfamily Aturotaxis includes the genus Athrotaxis, the subfamily Callitris includes the genus Callitris (Taiwania), and the subfamily Sequoia includes the genus Sequoia. ), Sequoiadendron, and Metasequoia, the subfamily Cryptomeria, Taxodium, and Glyptostrobus, and the Callitris subfamily Actinostrobus, Includes Austrocedrus, Callitris, Diselma, Fitzroya, Libokedrus, Neocallitropsis, Papuacedrus, Pilgerodendron, and Widdringtonia. ), Thuja, Juniperus, Fokienia, Cupressus, Platycladus, Microbiota, Tetraclinis, and Callitris. Including, but not limited to.

The Yellowwood family is Acmopyle, Afrocarpus, Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Halocarpus, Lagarostrobos, Lepidothamnus, Manaoa, Microcachrys, Microstrobos, Nageia, Parasitaxus, Edahamakius. ), Podocarpus, Prumnopitys, Retrophyllum, Saxegothaea, and Sundacarpus.

The Araucariaceae family includes, but is not limited to, the genus Araucaria, the genus Araucarioxylon, the genus Agathis, and the genus Wollemia.

The Yew family includes, but is not limited to, the genus Taxus, the genus Taxus, and the genus Pseudotaxus.

The cephalotaxaceae include, but are not limited to, the genus Cephalotaxus, the genus Torreya, and the genus Amentotaxus.

Preferably the conifer is a taxodiaceae, Pinaceae, or Cupressaceae conifer. Since these conifers are the main trees used in the forestry industry in Japan, the present invention has a great influence on the industry.

Examples of coniferous species include red pine (Pinus densiflora, Pinaceae), black pine (Pinus thunbergii, Pinaceae), fir (Abies firma, Pinaceae), cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, Pinaceae). Family Pinaceae), Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pinaceae Hinoki), Maki (Podocarpus macrophyllus, Pinaceae Pinaceae), Ichii (Taxus cuspidata, Pinaceae Ichii), Inugaya (Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Inugaya), etc. These include, but are not limited to.

Cultivation medium is natural soil such as black soil, Akadama soil, Kanuma soil, mountain sand, river sand, rice field soil; Artificial soil; as well as combinations of these. The cultivation medium may further contain inorganic components, carbon sources, vitamins, amino acids, plant hormones and the like, and these may be added to the cultivation medium in the form of solid or liquid.

As the cultivation container, any cultivation container that can be used for raising seedlings of coniferous trees can be used, and a known container can also be used, and the cultivation container is not particularly limited. For example, seedling raising pots and containers can be mentioned. The nursery pot is a cultivation container having a hole for accommodating a cultivation medium formed by a ring-shaped side wall and a bottom, and having one such hole per pot. The nursery pot is usually formed from a deformable thin-film synthetic resin. The container is a cultivation container for a synthetic resin molded product, and there are a single-well container and a multi-well container. The multi-well container has a plurality of holes for accommodating a cultivation medium in one container. Each hole is partitioned by an annular side wall and a bottom, and a plurality of holes are arranged vertically and / or horizontally. Therefore, by planting coniferous seeds or seedlings in each hole, a plurality of seedlings can be grown in one container. The container preferably has a linear protrusion on the inner circumference of the side wall along the longitudinal direction of the side wall to direct the root development of the seedlings vertically downward. Alternatively or additionally, the nursery pots and containers preferably have holes in the bottom to prevent root rot.

Fine bubbles refer to fine bubbles having a diameter of 100 μm or less. In the present invention, water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles is used for the growth of coniferous seedlings, but the smaller the diameter of the bubbles of the fine bubbles in the water or the aqueous solution, the more the growth of the plant is promoted. Therefore, the diameter of the fine bubble is preferably 1 nm to 50 μm, and more preferably less than 1 μm. Fine bubbles with a diameter of 1 μm to 100 μm are called microbubbles, and fine bubbles with a diameter of less than 1 μm are called ultrafine bubbles (UFB). Among ultrafine bubbles, those having a diameter of 1 nm or more and less than 1 μm are called nanobubbles.

It is preferable that ^{1 to 10 12} fine bubbles are contained in 1 ml of water or an aqueous solution. If fine bubble microbubbles, it is preferable that the number of bubbles is 10 to 10 ⁴ per water or an aqueous solution 1 ml, and more preferably 10 to 10 ^3. When the fine bubbles are ultra fine bubbles, the number of bubbles is preferably ^{10 2} to 10 ¹² per 1 ml of water or an aqueous solution, more preferably ^{10 4} to ^{10 10 bubbles, and 10 6} to 10 ^{10 bubbles.} It is more preferable to have.

Water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles can be produced by treating water or an aqueous solution with a fine bubble generator to generate fine bubbles. A commercially available fine bubble generator can be used.

As the water or aqueous solution used for producing water or aqueous solution containing fine bubbles, tap water, distilled water, groundwater, fresh water, rainwater, etc. can be used, and it is costly to use tap water, groundwater, fresh water, or rainwater. It is preferable in terms of convenience and the like. In particular, it is convenient for irrigation to store tap water, groundwater, fresh water, and / or rainwater as agricultural water in a tank or the like.

Air, oxygen, nitrogen, or the like can be used as the gas sent to the microbubble generator, that is, the fine bubble bubbles released into water or an aqueous solution, and it is preferable to use air.

Water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles can also be used by adding nutrients necessary for the growth of coniferous trees.

When cultivating coniferous seedlings in a cultivation container, seeds may be sown in the cultivation medium in the cultivation container, young coniferous trees may be planted, or plants may be planted by cuttings (a method of inserting branches into the medium). You may.

The water or aqueous solution containing fine bubbles may be given to the plant immediately after the seeds are sown in the cultivation medium, or may be given after the seeds have sprouted.

The period during which the water or aqueous solution containing fine bubbles is given to the plant is not particularly limited, but is preferably once every 5 days to 3 times a day for 15 consecutive days or more, and 30 consecutive days or more. More preferably. "Once every 5 days to 3 times a day for 15 consecutive days or more" does not mean that water or aqueous solution is applied every day, but once every 5 days to 3 times a day. , Refers to doing it continuously for 15 days or more.

When cultivating coniferous seedlings outdoors, the effect of water containing fine bubbles or an aqueous solution may be weakened by rainfall, so water containing fine bubbles or water containing fine bubbles more than half of the number of times of watering during the breeding period. It is preferable to give the aqueous solution to the plant, and it is more preferable to give the plant water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles at a frequency of 80% or more.

Preferably, according to the method for cultivating coniferous seedlings using water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles of the above embodiment, the T / R ratio, which is the ratio of the dry weight of the above-ground part of the crop (seedling) to the dry weight of the underground part. However, it will be 3 or less within one year after sowing. Therefore, seedlings with good root development suitable for shipment can be cultivated faster.

According to the method for cultivating coniferous seedlings using water or an aqueous solution containing fine bubbles according to the above embodiment, the condition of the cultivated seedlings is good even if the seedlings are grown in the cultivation container, and the coniferous seedlings are made efficient. It becomes possible to train in a targeted manner.

Furthermore, according to this method, systematic seedling production can be performed at low cost, and even a low-skilled worker can efficiently grow coniferous seedlings. In addition, the cultivated seedlings can be distributed as they are in a container, and can be used for planting in forests or the like in good condition.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

1. 1. Plant Preparation In each hole of a 40-hole (5 x 8, 150 ml capacity) multi-cavity container, a mixed medium containing coco peat and pearlite as the main components was placed as a medium for cultivation, and coniferous seeds were planted. There were four types of conifers, Sugi, Hinoki, Japanese red pine, and Japanese black pine, and one type of plant was assigned to one container.

2. Installation of cultivation equipment As shown in FIG. 1, the agricultural water tank 10 for storing agricultural water and the fine bubble-containing water generation tank 15 are connected by a first pipe 21, and an on-off valve 11 is connected in the middle of the first pipe 21. , The first pump 12 and the electromagnetic control valve 13 were provided. Further, a fine bubble-containing water generation tank 15 is connected to the base end of the second pipe 22, and a diffusion nozzle 19 is connected to the tip of the second pipe 22, and a second pump 16 and decompression are connected in the middle of the second pipe 22. A valve 17 was provided. Further, the fine bubble generator 14 was connected to the fine bubble-containing water generation tank 15. The fine bubble generator 14 using the ultra-fine bubble generator made Nakanishi Metal Industry Co., Ltd. (generating bubbles of diameter less than 1 [mu] m 10 ⁸ cells / ml or higher).

The first pump 12 was operated to move water from the agricultural water tank 10 to the fine bubble-containing water generation tank 15, and 50 L of water was stored in the fine bubble-containing water generation tank 15. Next, the fine bubble generator 14 was operated and operated for 10 minutes. Next, the second pump 16 was operated to irrigate the plant 24 planted in the container 23 with fine bubble-containing water via the diffusion nozzle 19.
When the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of agricultural water and fine bubble-containing water was measured, the dissolved oxygen concentration of agricultural water was 8.7 ppm and that of fine bubble-containing water was 9.2 ppm, which was the standard of the Ministry of the Environment (conservation of living environment). Environmental standard type AA, 7.5 mg / l or more) was satisfied.

3. 3. Cultivation conditions and observation The container was placed outdoors in a sunny place, and the plants were cultivated for 286 days after sowing.
The amount of irrigation was ^{5 L per 1 m 2} of ground area, and the frequency of irrigation was 2-3 times a day in summer, once every 2 to 5 days in winter, and once a day in autumn.
As the fertilizer, about 1 grain of commercially available slow-acting solid fertilizer φ5-10 mm was applied per strain.
The plants fed with water containing fine bubbles were designated as the fine bubble (FB) group, and the plants fed with water containing no fine bubbles were designated as the normal group.
The diameter of the stem of the seedling, the length of all branches, the length of the longest branch, the height of the seedling, the weight of the above-ground part and the underground part, and the TR ratio were measured. Dead seedlings and seedlings in extremely poor condition were excluded from the measurement targets, and when selecting some of them and calculating the average value, the strains were randomly selected.

4. Results FIG. 2 shows the growth state of four types of conifers 84 days after sowing and FIG. 3 shows the growth state of four types of conifers 175 days after sowing. It was observed that the growth of seedlings in the Fine Bubble (FB) plot was superior to that in the normal plot in all species of seedlings.

FIG. 4 shows the growth state of Sugi seedlings 226 days after sowing. The growth of Sugi seedlings in the fine bubble (FB) section of the container on the left is significantly better than that of Sugi seedlings in the normal section of the container on the right. In the Fine Bubble (FB) plot, there are many individuals in good appearance even after 226 days, and 22 out of 40 seedlings with a height of 10 cm or more, which is the average seedling size of 1-year seedlings that have not died. This was more than 11 out of 40 stocks in the normal plot. In addition, in the seedlings of the normal plot, a considerable number of individuals died during long-term growth. Similar results were obtained for seedlings other than Sugi seedlings (data not shown).

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the diameters of the trunks of Sugi seedlings in the fine bubble (FB) plot and the normal plot after 226 days have passed since sowing. It was found that the seedlings in the fine bubble (FB) group had a larger stem diameter (2.3 ± 0.5 cm vs. 1.8 ± 0.3 cm, p <0.01).

Table 1 shows the average value (cm) of the branch lengths of the seedlings in which three individuals having a seedling height of 11 ± 1 cm were randomly selected in each of the fine bubble (FB) group and the normal group 231 days after sowing. It is understood that the fine bubble (FB) plot has longer branches and better branching than the normal plot.

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the lengths of the longest branches of Sugi seedlings in the fine bubble plot (FB) and the normal plot. The average length of the longest branch was significantly longer in the fine bubble (FB) plot than in the normal plot (8.9 ± 0.4 cm vs. 6.8 ± 0.7 cm, p <0.01). ..

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the heights of Sugi seedlings in the fine bubble (FB) plot and the normal plot. The average height of Sugi seedlings was significantly longer in the fine bubble plot than in the normal plot (11.4 ± 3.1 cm vs. 7.9 ± 2.8 cm, p <0.01).

FIG. 8 shows the growth state of the roots of Sugi seedlings in the fine bubble (FB) group and the normal group. The seedlings in the fine bubble (FB) plot on the left had greater root development than the seedlings in the normal plot on the right. It is considered that the reason why the seedlings in the Fine Bubble Zone (FB) have better branching is that the roots are in good condition.

Table 2 shows the dry weight of the above-ground part and the dry weight of the underground part (root) of 5 individuals with a seedling height of 11 ± 1 cm randomly selected for the fine bubble (FB) group and the normal group of Sugi seedlings 286 days after sowing. It also shows the T / R rate. The T / R ratio is the ratio of the dry weight of the above-ground part of the crop to the dry weight of the underground part, and the lower this value is, the better the root development is. The T / R rate of the seedlings in the fine bubble (FB) group was significantly lower than the T / R rate of the seedlings in the normal group (2.4 ± 0.4 vs. 3.3 ± 0.5, p <0. 05). In conventional field cultivation, the target T / R rate of seedlings to be shipped over about 2 years is around 2, and the cultivation period is less than 1 year in this test, but fine bubble (FB) compared to the normal plot. The ward is closer to the target value and can be judged to be excellent.

Claims (3)

Species cedar seeded in cultivation medium cultivation vessel, cedar comprising cultivating seedlings cedar with water or an aqueous solution containing at a concentration of at least 10 ⁸ cells / ml the full Ainbaburu diameter of less than 1μm It ’s a method of cultivating seedlings.
Water or an aqueous solution containing the fine bubbles was given to the Sugi seedlings once every 5 days to 3 times a day.
A cultivation method in which the T / R ratio, which is the ratio of the dry weight of the above-ground part of the seedling to the dry weight of the underground part as of 286 days after sowing , is 3 or less as an average value. The cultivation method according to claim 1 , wherein the fine bubbles contain bubbles having a diameter of 1 nm or more and less than 1 μm. The cultivation培容device is cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2 is a nursery container with a plurality of holes for receiving the seedlings.

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