JP6932727B2 - 骨を切断するための医療装置 - Google Patents
骨を切断するための医療装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6932727B2 JP6932727B2 JP2018561246A JP2018561246A JP6932727B2 JP 6932727 B2 JP6932727 B2 JP 6932727B2 JP 2018561246 A JP2018561246 A JP 2018561246A JP 2018561246 A JP2018561246 A JP 2018561246A JP 6932727 B2 JP6932727 B2 JP 6932727B2
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Description
本開示は、骨を切断するための医療装置に向けられている。医療装置は携帯型であってもよく、又はロボット装置に連結されたエンドエフェクタであってよい。本医療装置は、最小限の侵襲手術中に骨の様々な表面にアクセスして修正することを可能にする可撓性があってよい。可撓性がありながら、医療装置は、骨などの硬い表面を切断する間、その曲げられた形状を維持するのに十分な剛性を有してよい。コンピュータシステム及びナビゲーションシステムは、医療装置の形状及び位置を制御することを補助し、ユーザに画像ガイダンスを提供してよい。
図4は、図1の近位セクション22及び遠位セクション24の部分を、これらのセクションの代表的な断面図とともに示している。図5から図8を参照すると、制御ワイヤ30は、近位セクション22及び遠位セクション24の壁を通って移動して、使用者が内側シャフト14の遠位端で切削工具50の位置を制御できるようにすることができる。参照を容易にするために、内側シャフト14は図4から図8には示されていない。
上述のように、医療装置10は、2011年8月30日に発行された「Haptic Guidance Systemand Method」と題された米国特許第8,010,180号に記載された装置のようなロボットデバイスのアームに連結され得るエンドエフェクタであってもよく、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。ロボットアームは複数のリンクを含むことができ、リンク間の各ジョイントは1つ又はそれ以上の自由度を提供する。コンピュータシステムは、医療装置10及び医療装置10に連結された任意のロボットアームの様々な構成要素の位置を制御することができる。
医療装置10は、骨の修正を必要とする任意の処置中に使用されてよい。追加的に又は代替的に、医療装置10を使用してより軟質の組織を除去することができる。医療装置10は、患者の皮膚の小さな切開部を介して最小限の侵襲処置中に使用することができる。医療装置10の柔軟性により、外科医は、直線ツールによってアクセスできない場所に、又は直線ツールによるアクセスが軟質の組織にさらなる損傷を必要とする場所に、切削工具50を位置付けることができる。一例では、医療装置10は、股関節形成術及び膝関節形成術の処置の間に使用され得る。これらの手順では、直線ツールでは簡単にアクセスできない骨の表面を修正する必要がある。
Claims (17)
- 患者の骨を切断するシステムにおいて、
モータと、
前記モータに駆動連結された回転軸と、
前記回転軸の周囲に配置され、前記回転軸を複数の位置で支持する支持管と、
前記支持管に連結された複数の操縦ワイヤと、
前記回転軸の遠位端にある骨カッターと、
前記回転軸と前記支持管との間に配置されたベアリングと、を含み、
前記支持管は、近位セクションと遠位セクションとを含み、前記近位セクションは、複数の操縦ワイヤを使用して前記遠位セクションから独立して操縦可能であり、
前記支持管は、前記近位セクション及び遠位セクションを他の構成要素に、及び、互いに接続する1つ又はそれ以上のコネクタを含み、前記ベアリングは、前記コネクタの内側に位置する、システム。 - 前記支持管は、曲げられた位置で少なくとも5N/mmの剛性を有する、請求項1のシステム。
- 前記支持管は、前記支持管の壁を通る複数のスロットを含む、請求項1のシステム。
- 検出装置と追跡可能要素とを有するナビゲーションシステムをさらに含む、請求項1のシステム。
- 前記ナビゲーションシステムは、光ファイバ形状センサ又は電磁センサのうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項4のシステム。
- 医療装置において、
壁及び内腔を有する管状部材であって、前記壁を通って延びる複数のスロットを含む管状部材と、
前記管状部材の内腔内に配置された可撓性シャフトであって、前記管状部材に対して回転可能である可撓性シャフトと、
前記管状部材と前記可撓性シャフトとの間に配置されたベアリングと、
前記可撓性シャフトの遠位端にある骨カッターと、を備え、
前記管状部材は、曲げられた位置で少なくとも5N/mmの剛性を有し、
前記管状部材は、近位セクション、遠位セクション、及び複数の操縦ワイヤを含み、前記近位セクションは、前記遠位セクションから独立して操縦可能であり、前記管状部材は前記近位セクション及び遠位セクションを他の構成要素に、及び、互いに接続する1つ又はそれ以上のコネクタを含み、前記ベアリングは、前記コネクタの内側に位置する、医療装置。 - 前記遠位セクションは少なくとも4つの操縦ワイヤによって操縦可能であり、各操縦ワイヤは、前記近位セクションの長さに沿って及び前記遠位セクションの長さに沿って延びる第1セクションと、前記近位セクションの長さに沿って及び前記遠位セクションの長さに沿って延びる第2セクションとを含み、前記近位セクションは、少なくとも4つの追加の操縦ワイヤによって操縦可能であり、4つの追加の操縦ワイヤのそれぞれは、近位セクションの長さに沿って延びる第1セクションと、近位セクションの長さに沿って延びる第2セクションとを含み、
前記少なくとも4つの操縦ワイヤと前記少なくとも4つの追加の操縦ワイヤのそれぞれは、前記ベアリングに対して外面に配置されている請求項6の医療装置。 - 前記医療装置は包囲された内腔を含む、請求項6の医療装置。
- 前記可撓性シャフトは、少なくとも10,000rpmの速度で回転するように構成された、請求項6の医療装置。
- 患者の骨を切断するシステムにおいて、
モータと、
前記モータに駆動連結された回転軸と、
前記回転軸の周囲に配置され、前記回転軸を複数の位置で支持する支持管と、
前記支持管に連結された複数の操縦ワイヤと、
前記回転軸の遠位端にある骨カッターと、
前記回転軸と前記支持管との間に配置された少なくとも1つのベアリングとを含み、
前記支持管は、前記支持管の壁を通る複数のスロットを含み、前記スロットは拡張された端部又は先細の端部を含み、各前記スロットは隣接する前記スロットに対して120度回動するように配置され、
前記支持管はさらに、近位セクションと遠位セクションとを含み、前記近位セクションは、複数の操縦ワイヤを使用して前記遠位セクションから独立して操縦可能であり、
前記回転軸は、少なくとも10,000rpmの速度で回転するように構成された、システム。 - 検出装置と追跡可能要素とを有するナビゲーションシステムをさらに含む、請求項10のシステム。
- 前記ナビゲーションシステムは、光ファイバ形状センサ又は電磁センサのうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項10のシステム。
- 前記支持管は、曲げられた位置で少なくとも5N/mmの剛性を有する、請求項10のシステム。
- 前記回転軸は、前記少なくとも1つのベアリングの少なくとも1つと接触する滑らかなセクションを含む、請求項1のシステム。
- 前記コネクタの内部は滑らかであり、前記ベアリングは、前記コネクタの内側に位置している、請求項14のシステム。
- 前記コネクタの内部は滑らかであり、前記前記ベアリングは、前記コネクタの内部に連結されている、請求項1のシステム。
- 前記コネクタは、前記近位セクションと前記遠位セクションとの間に位置する、請求項1のシステム。
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