JP6923273B2 - Soldering equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a soldering apparatus that performs a soldering operation.

Conventionally, industrial robots (hereinafter referred to as robots) and the like are often used in work devices that perform operations such as assembly, pressing, and polishing. An end effector such as a hand is attached to the tip of the arm of this robot, and the work is performed by grasping an object (part or work).

On the other hand, the movement of the robot is generally controlled by position control. Therefore, if the preset target position and the actual position are different due to the dimensional error or gripping position error of the object, a large external force is generated when the object comes into contact with another object, and the object is scratched or damaged. It may occur.

As a countermeasure, a jig (so-called "buffer") that absorbs the force generated by the position error of the object may be installed separately. However, since the characteristics required for this buffer differ depending on the shape or material of the object, it is necessary to prepare buffers that differ by the number of types of the object, and the buffer is designed each time. Therefore, there is a problem that the cost increases and the size of the device increases.

On the other hand, a method of installing a force sensor between the robot and the end effector and feeding back the detection result of the force sensor to the robot when an excessive external force is likely to be generated when an object comes into contact with the robot to prevent the excessive external force from being generated. There is also. In this case, no buffer is needed. However, force sensors are expensive.

Further, when the force sensor is used, there is a problem that it is difficult to shorten the working time for the reasons described below.

That is, when there is an error in the position where an object comes into contact with another object, a stop command is issued by detecting that an excessive external force is generated at the time of contact, but a robot having a large and heavy moving part and a deceleration mechanism is sudden. I can't stop.
Further, the external force generated at the time of contact is the sum of the impact force due to inertia and the force generated by the robot at the time of contact. Here, the impact force due to inertia is proportional to the product of the mass of the moving part of the object and the robot and the moving speed. However, since the robot has a large and heavy mechanism, it is necessary to slow down the moving speed immediately before contact in order to reduce the impact force due to inertia.

In addition, the robot does not stop suddenly even if it detects that an excessive external force has been generated and issues a stop command, so even if the robot suddenly decelerates from the time when the stop command is issued, it will stop at a position deviated from the contact position. , Crushes the object. And since the amount of excess position is proportional to the moving speed, the speed at which an object approaches another object must be slowed down.

For the above reasons, it is necessary to sufficiently slow down the moving speed of the robot in the area where the object may come into contact with other objects. However, in order to shorten the cycle time, it is necessary to increase the speed of transferring the object. As a result, the speed drops sharply in the vicinity of the contact area.

However, the end effector is attached to the tip of the force sensor. Therefore, when the robot suddenly decelerates, a force proportional to the acceleration in the negative direction is generated in the force sensor due to the influence of the mass of the end effector.
However, it is difficult to distinguish between the force proportional to the acceleration and the external force generated by the contact of an object, and in order to distinguish between them, the deceleration time of the robot must be significantly lengthened.

Further, when a force sensor is used, there is a problem that it is difficult to compensate for the influence of gravity in real time for the reasons described below.

That is, the posture that the robot can take when performing work such as assembly, pressing, or polishing is not always constant, and is often changed according to the work state. For example, in the work of polishing while tracing a curved surface, it is necessary to continuously change the posture.
However, as described above, since the end effector is attached to the tip of the force sensor, if the robot's posture is not horizontal, the force sensor will be affected by the gravitational acceleration and the force will correspond to the robot's posture and the mass of the end effector. Occurs.

On the other hand, as a gravity compensating means for compensating for the influence of gravitational acceleration, for example, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be mentioned. In Patent Document 1, the force generated in the force sensor due to the influence of gravity according to the posture is learned in advance offline. Then, the working force is calculated by subtracting the learned force from the force generated during the actual work. However, in this method, it is necessary to perform learning every time the object changes. In addition, learning must be performed before contact with an object, and gravity compensation cannot be performed when the robot continuously changes its posture.

In the above, the force generated when an object and another object come into contact with each other is shown as the external force applied to the moving part, but the force is not limited to this, and the force generated when the end effector and the object come into contact with each other is also included. The same is true.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-115912

As described above, when performing work such as assembly using a robot and a force sensor, the work time becomes long. On the other hand, if the working time is shortened, the object will be damaged and crushed, and the contact cannot be detected correctly. It is also difficult to perform gravity compensation in real time. As described above, when the force sensor is used, there is a problem that the external force cannot be correctly detected when the robot suddenly accelerates or decelerates or the posture is changed. This problem is the same in the soldering apparatus that performs the soldering work, and improvement is required.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and can correctly detect an external force applied to a moving part even when the moving part is suddenly accelerated or decelerated or the posture is changed, and the external force can be applied to the external force. It is an object of the present invention to provide a soldering apparatus capable of performing soldering work based on the above.

The soldering apparatus according to the present invention detects a fixed portion, an actuator having a movable portion that can be displaced with respect to the fixed portion, a position detecting portion that detects the position of the movable portion with respect to the fixed portion, and an acceleration of the fixed portion. The gain is adjusted with respect to the difference between the acceleration detection unit and the position detected by the position detection unit and the reference position, and the actuator is subjected to the current command value which is the adjustment result and the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit. The movable unit is based on the actuator control unit that outputs the drive current and the current command value obtained by the actuator control unit, or the current value of the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit and the drive current output by the actuator control unit. It is provided with an external force detection unit that detects the external force applied to the actuator, an external force detected by the external force detection unit, and a work control unit that controls the actuator control unit based on the speed obtained from the position detected by the position detection unit. It is characterized by that.

According to the present invention, since the structure is as described above, the external force applied to the movable part can be correctly detected even when the movable part is suddenly accelerated or decelerated or the posture is changed, and the soldering operation is performed based on the external force. It can be performed.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the soldering apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the external force detection control part in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the gain adjustment part in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the work control part in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the soldering operation by the soldering apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 6A to 6D are diagrams showing an example of soldering work by the soldering apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 7A and 7B are diagrams for explaining the operation in the soldering operation by the soldering apparatus shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7A is a diagram showing an external force F, and FIG. 7B is a diagram showing the speed of the moving portion. be.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment 1.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a soldering apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
The soldering device is a device that performs soldering work on an object 50 to be soldered. As shown in FIG. 1, this soldering apparatus includes an actuator 1, a soldering iron 2, a moving unit 3, a position detection unit 4, an acceleration detection unit 5, an external force detection control unit 6, and a work control unit 7. Further, the external force detection control unit 6 is composed of an actuator control unit 61 and an external force detection unit 62.

The actuator 1 has a fixed portion 11 and a movable portion 12 that can be displaced with respect to the fixed portion 11, and the movable portion 12 is moved with respect to the fixed portion 11 by supplying an electric current to a coil placed in a magnetic field. It can be displaced in the linear motion direction or the rotation direction. The actuator 1 is attached to the moving portion 3, and the entire actuator 1 is transferred and the posture is changed. If the movable portion 12 has a degree of freedom in a plurality of directions and it is not necessary to transfer the entire actuator 1 or change the posture, the moving portion 3 may not be provided. In the following, a case where the moving unit 3 is used will be described.

The soldering iron 2 is a trowel that is attached to the movable portion 12 and for soldering to the object 50. There may be a moving portion that moves the object 50.

The moving unit 3 moves (transfers and changes the posture) the actuator 1. FIG. 1 shows a robot in which an actuator 1 (fixing portion 11) is attached to the tip of the moving portion 3 and the actuator 1 can be moved.

The position detection unit 4 is provided on the actuator 1 and detects the position (relative position) of the movable portion 12 with respect to the fixed portion 11. The signal (position signal) indicating the position detected by the position detection unit 4 is output to the actuator control unit 61.

The acceleration detection unit 5 is provided in the fixed unit 11 and detects the acceleration of the fixed unit 11. At this time, the acceleration detection unit 5 detects the acceleration (αg + α1) obtained by adding one or both of the gravitational acceleration αg and the moving acceleration α1 of the fixed unit 11. FIG. 2 shows a case where the acceleration detection unit 5 detects acceleration (αg + α1). The signal (acceleration signal) indicating the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 5 is output to the actuator control unit 61.

The actuator control unit 61 adjusts the gain (loop gain) with respect to the difference between the position detected by the position detection unit 4 and the reference position Pr, and detects it by the current command value Irp and the acceleration detection unit 5 which are the adjustment results. The drive current Ia for the actuator 1 is output based on the accelerated acceleration.

The external force detection unit 62 is movable based on the current command value Irp obtained by the actuator control unit 61, the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 5, and the current value of the drive current Ia output by the actuator control unit 61. The external force (reaction force) F applied to the unit 12 is detected.
A configuration example of the actuator control unit 61 and the external force detection unit 62 will be described later.

The work control unit 7 realizes the soldering work by the soldering device. At this time, the work control unit 7 is based on the external force F detected by the external force detection unit 62 and the speed obtained from the position of the movable unit 12 with respect to the fixed unit 11 detected by the position detection unit 4, and the actuator control unit 7. By controlling the 61 and the moving portion 3, the soldering work is realized. The work control unit 7 controls the actuator control unit 61 by changing the reference position Pr or the gain. Further, in addition to the external force F and the speed, the work control unit 7 also considers the position detected by the position detection unit 4, the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 5, the time managed by the work control unit 7, and the like. The soldering work may be realized. A configuration example of the work control unit 7 will be described later.

Next, a configuration example of the external force detection control unit 6 will be described with reference to FIG. Note that FIG. 2 also shows an actuator 1, a soldering iron 2, a position detection unit 4, and an acceleration detection unit 5.
As shown in FIG. 2, the external force detection control unit 6 includes a position / velocity conversion unit 63, a subtractor 64, a gain adjustment unit 65, a mass estimation unit 66, an acceleration compensation unit 67, an adder / subtractor 68, a constant current control unit 69, and a constant current control unit 69. It has an external force detection unit 62. In the external force detection control unit 6 shown in FIG. 2, the functional units (position / velocity conversion unit 63, subtractor 64, gain adjustment unit 65, mass estimation unit 66, acceleration compensation unit 67, adder / subtractor 68, and the external force detection unit 62 are excluded. The constant current control unit 69) constitutes the actuator control unit 61.

The position / velocity conversion unit 63 differentiates the position detected by the position detection unit 4 and converts it into a velocity. This speed indicates the speed (relative speed) of the movable portion 12 with respect to the fixed portion 11. The signal (speed signal) indicating the speed converted by the position / speed conversion unit 63 is output to the adder / subtractor 68 and the work control unit 7.

The subtractor 64 subtracts the position detected by the position detection unit 4 from the reference position Pr. The signal indicating the subtraction result by the subtractor 64 is output to the gain adjusting unit 65.

The gain adjusting unit 65 adjusts the gain with respect to the subtraction result (positional deviation) by the subtractor 64, and outputs the current command value Irp. The gain is the value of compliance in the actuator 1, and the compliance is the reciprocal of the spring constant, which is an index indicating hardness and softness. Further, in the gain adjusting unit 65, the function indicating the relationship between the position deviation and the current command value Irp may be linear or non-linear. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the gain adjusting unit 65 includes a loop gain measuring unit 651, a gain intersection control unit 652, and a variable gain adjusting unit 653.

The loop gain measuring unit 651 measures the gain of the signal output from the subtractor 64. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the loop gain measuring unit 651 sets the signal output from the subtractor 64 at a reference frequency at which the gain should be multiplied by 1 (0 dB) by the oscillator 654, that is, the gain intersection. The sine wave of the reference frequency is added via the adder 655. The signals before and after the addition of the sine wave by the loop gain measurement unit 651 are output to the gain intersection control unit 652.

As shown in FIG. 3, the gain intersection control unit 652 compares the amplitude ratios of the signals before and after the addition of the sine wave by the loop gain measurement unit 651 by the comparator 656. The signal indicating the comparison result by the gain intersection control unit 652 is output to the variable gain adjustment unit 653.

The variable gain adjustment unit 653 sets the reciprocal of the magnification of the amplitude ratio as an adjustment value so that the magnification of the amplitude ratio compared by the gain intersection control unit 652 becomes 1, and sets the gain of the signal output from the subtractor 64 as an adjustment value. adjust. That is, when the amplitude level Eb of the signal after the addition of the sine wave is higher than the amplitude level Ea of the signal before the addition of the sine wave by the loop gain measurement unit 651 (Ea <Eb). Increases the adjustment value and decreases the adjustment value when the amplitude level Eb of the signal after the addition of the sine wave is lower than the amplitude level Ea of the signal before the addition of the sine wave (Ea> Eb). Then, adjust so that the gain is 1x. The signal whose gain has been adjusted by the variable gain adjusting unit 653 is output to the adder / subtractor 68 as a current command value Irp. Further, a signal indicating the gain adjustment value by the variable gain adjustment unit 653 is output to the mass estimation unit 66.

It should be noted that adding the sine wave of the reference frequency at which the gain should be multiplied by the oscillator 654 is such that Ea / Eb = 1 because Ea / Eb = 1 at the frequency at which the gain is multiplied by 1. This is because the gain intersection can always be maintained at 1 by adjusting the gain.

Further, the subtractor 64 and the gain adjusting unit 65 form a position control means (phase control loop) that outputs a current command value Irp based on the difference between the position detected by the position detecting unit 4 and the reference position Pr.

The mass estimation unit 66 estimates the mass on the movable unit 12 side from the gain adjustment value by the variable gain adjustment unit 653. That is, the mass estimation unit 66 uses the principle that the change in the adjusted value of the gain is proportional to the change in the mass. Here, the mass on the movable portion 12 side is the mass (M1 + M2) obtained by adding the mass M1 of the movable portion 12 and the mass M2 of the soldering iron 2.
For example, if the mass on the movable portion 12 side is twice the specified value, the gain is 1/2 of the reciprocal of the specified value, and Ea / Eb = 1/2. On the other hand, in order to make the gain 1 times, the variable gain adjustment unit 653 adjusts the gain with the adjustment value of 2 times. Then, the mass estimation unit 66 can estimate from the adjustment value of the variable gain adjustment unit 653 that the mass on the movable unit 12 side has changed to twice the specified value.
A signal indicating the mass estimated by the mass estimation unit 66 is output to the acceleration compensation unit 67.

In the above, the case where the mass on the movable portion 12 side is estimated by the mass estimation unit 66 is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the mass on the movable portion 12 side may be obtained by using another method.

The acceleration compensation unit 67 outputs an acceleration compensation value Irc for correcting the disturbance torque. The acceleration compensation unit 67 has a multiplier 671 and a coefficient multiplication unit 672.

The multiplier 671 multiplies the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 5 with the mass estimated by the mass estimation unit 66. The signal indicating the multiplication result by the multiplier 671 is output to the coefficient multiplication unit 672 and the external force detection unit 62.

The coefficient multiplication unit 672 multiplies the multiplication result by the multiplier 671 by a coefficient (1 / Kt). Kt is a torque constant representing the ratio of the thrust generated by the actuator 1 to the drive current Ia. The signal indicating the multiplication result by the coefficient multiplication unit 672 is output to the addition / subtractor 68 as the acceleration compensation value Irc.

The addition / subtractor 68 adds the acceleration compensation value Irc output from the acceleration compensation unit 67 to the current command value Irp output from the gain adjustment unit 65, and subtracts the speed signal output from the position / velocity conversion unit 63. .. The signal indicating the addition / subtraction result by the addition / subtraction device 68 is output to the constant current control unit 69 as the current command value Ir.

The constant current control unit 69 controls the drive current Ia that drives the actuator 1 so as to match the current command value Ir. The constant current control unit 69 includes a subtractor 691, a drive driver 692, and a current detection unit 693.

The subtractor 691 subtracts the current value of the drive current Ia detected by the current detection unit 693 from the current command value Ir output from the adder / subtractor 68. A signal indicating the subtraction result by the subtractor 691 is output to the drive driver 692.

The drive driver 692 generates a drive current Ia according to the subtraction result by the subtractor 691. The drive current Ia generated by the drive driver 692 is output to the actuator 1 via the current detection unit 693.

The current detection unit 693 detects the current value of the drive current Ia generated by the drive driver 692. The signal indicating the current value detected by the current detection unit 693 is output to the subtractor 691.

The external force detection unit 62 is movable based on the current command value Irp obtained by the actuator control unit 61, the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 5, and the current value of the drive current Ia output by the actuator control unit 61. The external force F applied to the unit 12 is detected. Specifically, the external force detection unit 62 detects the external force F applied to the movable unit 12 based on the result of subtracting the acceleration compensation value Irc from the current command value Irp or the current value of the drive current Ia. The external force F applied to the movable portion 12 includes a force generated when the soldering iron 2 comes into contact with the object 50. Further, in FIG. 2, the case where the external force detection unit 62 detects the external force F applied to the movable unit 12 based on the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 5 and the current value of the drive current Ia output by the actuator control unit 61. Shown. The external force detection unit 62 shown in FIG. 2 includes a coefficient multiplication unit 621, a subtractor 622, and a coefficient multiplication unit 623.

The coefficient multiplication unit 621 multiplies the multiplication result by the multiplier 671 of the acceleration compensation unit 67 by a coefficient (1 / Kt). The signal indicating the multiplication result by the coefficient multiplication unit 621 is output to the subtractor 622.

The subtractor 622 subtracts the multiplication result by the coefficient multiplication unit 621 from the current value of the drive current Ia generated by the constant current control unit 69. The signal indicating the subtraction result by the subtractor 622 is output to the coefficient multiplication unit 623.

The coefficient multiplication unit 623 obtains an external force F by multiplying the subtraction result by the subtractor 622 by a coefficient (Kt). The signal indicating the external force F obtained by the coefficient multiplication unit 623 is output to the work control unit 7.

When the external force detection unit 62 detects the external force F applied to the movable unit 12 based on the current command value Irp obtained by the actuator control unit 61, it has a coefficient multiplication unit. This coefficient multiplication unit obtains an external force F by multiplying the current command value Irp output from the gain adjustment unit 65 by a coefficient (Kt). Then, the signal indicating the external force F obtained by the coefficient multiplication unit is output to the work control unit 7.

Next, a configuration example of the work control unit 7 will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the work control unit 7 includes a movement control unit 71, a contact control unit 72, a contact force control unit 73, and a detachment control unit 74.

The movement control unit 71 moves the soldering iron 2 in the direction of the object 50 at a speed (first speed) V1 so that the soldering iron 2 approaches the object 50. Soldering is attached to the tip of the soldering iron 2.

After the processing by the movement control unit 71, the contact control unit 72 speeds the soldering iron 2 in the direction of the object 50 (second force) until the soldering iron 2 contacts the object 50 with a force (first force) F1. Speed) Move at V2. The force F1 is a force capable of recognizing that the soldering iron 2 has come into contact with the object 50, and is a force sufficiently weak enough not to damage the soldering iron 2, the object 50, and peripheral devices. Further, the speed V2 is slower than the speed V1.

The contact force control unit 73 controls the contact force of the soldering iron 2 with the object 50 based on the external force F applied to the movable portion 12 after the processing by the contact control unit 72. At this time, the contact force control unit 73 controls so as to maintain a force (second force) F2 capable of soldering to the object 50.

The detachment control unit 74 moves the soldering iron 2 at a speed (third speed) V3 so as to separate the soldering iron 2 from the object 50 after the processing by the contact force control unit 73. The speed V3 is slower than the speed V1.

Next, the operating principle of the external force detection control unit 6 will be described. In the following, as the actuator 1, a direct drive type linear actuator in which the generated thrust is directly transmitted to the soldering iron 2 is used, and the movable portion 12 is directly moved with respect to the fixed portion 11. The actuator 1 is driven by the constant current control unit 69 by the drive current Ia generated in response to the current command value Ir.

On the other hand, the position detection unit 4 detects the position of the movable portion 12 with respect to the fixed portion 11 in the linear motion direction.
Further, the position / velocity conversion unit 63 differentiates the position detected by the position detection unit 4 and converts it into a velocity. This speed indicates the speed of the movable portion 12 with respect to the fixed portion 11.

Further, the acceleration detection unit 5 detects the acceleration of the fixed unit 11 in the linear motion direction. In the following, the acceleration detection unit 5 shall detect the acceleration (α1 + αg) obtained by adding the moving acceleration α1 in the linear motion component of the fixed unit 11 and the gravitational acceleration αg in the linear motion component of the fixed unit 11. ..

Further, the position detected by the position detection unit 4 is compared with the reference position Pr by the subtractor 64, and the difference is the current command value which is one of the elements constituting the current command value Ir via the gain adjustment unit 65. It is given to the adder / subtractor 68 as an Irp.

The current command value Ir is composed of the current command value Irp and the acceleration compensation value Irc for correcting the disturbance torque, and is represented by the following equation (1).
Ir = Irp + Irc (1)

If the position is simply fed back, the control system becomes unstable. Therefore, in reality, the speed signal from the position / speed conversion unit 63 is used as a minor loop for stabilization by adding it to the negative output of the adder / subtractor 68, but this will be omitted below.

Further, in the gain adjusting unit 65, the compliance value in the actuator 1 can be changed by changing the gain of the position control loop.

Here, focusing on the drive current Ia, the current value becomes zero when there is no disturbance torque, but the current value also changes in proportion to the disturbance torque.
As general disturbance torque, reaction force F received from the soldering iron 2 during work, force generated by gravitational acceleration αg and moving acceleration α1, loss torque of the reducer, and the like can be considered. Here, since the actuator 1 is a direct drive type linear actuator, it does not have a speed reducer and it is not necessary to consider the loss torque. Therefore, the drive current Ia is a value proportional to the reaction force F received from the soldering iron 2 during work, the gravitational acceleration αg, and the force generated by the moving acceleration α1. The reaction force F is a force generated when the soldering iron 2 comes into contact with the object 50.

Here, the drive current Ia of the actuator 1, the reaction force F received from the soldering iron 2 during work, the moving acceleration α1 in the linear motion component of the fixed portion 11, the gravitational acceleration αg in the linear motion component of the fixed portion 11, and the movable portion. From the mass M1 of 12 and the mass M2 of the soldering iron 2, the relationship of the following equation (2) is established.
F + (α1 + αg) ・ (M1 + M2) = Kt ・ Ir = Kt ・ (Irp + Irc)
(2)
Kt is a torque constant representing the ratio of the thrust generated by the actuator 1 to the drive current Ia.

Further, in the equation (2), the acceleration compensation value Irc for correcting the disturbance torque is set as in the following equation (3).
(Α1 + αg) · (M1 + M2) = Kt · Irc (3)

When the acceleration compensation value Irc is set as in the equation (3), the terms α1, αg, M1, and M2 disappear from the equation (2), and the terms are arranged as in the following equation (4).
F = Kt · Irp (4)

In this way, if the acceleration compensation value Irc for correcting the disturbance torque is set as in the equation (3), the reaction force F received from the soldering iron 2 during work and the current command value Irp may be in a proportional relationship. Recognize.

This is because the reaction force F received from the soldering iron 2 during work is zero, that is, when the soldering iron 2 is not in contact with the object 50, the current command value Irp based on the difference between the reference position Pr and the actual position is also zero. In other words, it means that the position does not shift.
Then, the reaction force F generated when the soldering iron 2 comes into contact with the object 50 can be known by monitoring the current command value Irp.

Then, in the equation (4), the moving acceleration α1 in the linear motion component of the fixed portion 11, the gravitational acceleration α g in the linear motion component of the fixed portion 11, the mass M1 of the movable portion 12, and the mass M2 of the soldering iron 2 The item is not included.
That is, even when the robot suddenly moves or stops and a moving acceleration α1 is generated, or when the robot continuously changes its posture and the gravitational acceleration αg changes, the movable portion 12 of the actuator 1 does not shake and reacts. The force F can be detected correctly.
And the compliance value can be set freely.

As described above, the reaction force F generated when the soldering iron 2 suddenly collides with the object 50 can be known by monitoring the current command value Irp. Further, since the induced current is generated in the actuator 1 so as to antagonize the reaction force F, the reaction force F can be detected from the drive current Ia.
However, in the position control loop, the response of the current command value Irp to the reaction force F is generally not fast. On the other hand, the response of the drive current Ia to the reaction force F is relatively fast because it is due to the induced current generated by the movement of the movable portion 12. Therefore, the reaction force F is detected by monitoring the drive current Ia instead of directly monitoring the current command value Irp.

Here, the equation (2) is as follows.
F + (α1 + αg) ・ (M1 + M2) = Kt ・ Ir = Kt ・ (Irp + Irc)
(2)

On the other hand, the drive current Ia can be expressed by the following equation (5).
Ia = Ir = Irp + Irc (5)

Therefore, the following equation (6) can be obtained from the equations (2) and (5).
F + (α1 + αg) ・ (M1 + M2) = Kt ・ Ia (6)

Then, the following equation (7) is obtained by subtracting ((α1 + αg) · (M1 + M2)), which is the left side of the equation (3), from both sides of the equation (6).
F = Kt · (Ia- (α1 + αg) · (M1 + M2) / Kt) (7)

As shown in this equation (7), the reaction force F can be obtained by subtracting the acceleration compensation value (α1 + αg) · (M1 + M2) / Kt from the drive current Ia and multiplying it by the torque constant Kt.

Next, the effect of the external force detection control unit 6 will be described.
The movement of the robot is generally controlled by position control. Therefore, if the target position programmed in advance and the actual position are different due to a dimensional error of the object 50 or the like, a large force is generated when the soldering iron 2 comes into contact with the object 50, and the soldering iron 2 or the object 50 is subjected to a large force. There is a risk of scratches or damage.

As a countermeasure, a force sensor is installed between the robot and the soldering iron 2, and when an excessive external force F is likely to be generated when the soldering iron 2 comes into contact with the object 50, the detection result of the force sensor is fed back to the robot. , A method of preventing an excessive external force F from being generated can be considered.

However, even if an excessive external force F is detected and a stop command is issued, the robot does not stop suddenly. Therefore, even if the robot suddenly decelerates from the time when the stop command is issued, the robot stops at a position deviated from the contact position. And crush the object 50. Since the amount of excess position is proportional to the moving speed, the speed at which the soldering iron 2 approaches the object 50 must be slowed down.

For the above reasons, it is necessary to sufficiently slow down the moving speed of the robot in the region where the soldering iron 2 may come into contact with the object 50. However, in order to shorten the cycle time, it is necessary to increase the speed at which the soldering iron 2 is moved. As a result, the speed drops sharply in the vicinity of the contact area.

On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the actuator 1 is attached to the tip of the robot (moving unit 3), and the external force detection control unit 6 suddenly moves or stops the actuator 1 to generate the moving acceleration α1. Even when the posture of the actuator 1 is changed and the gravitational acceleration αg is changed, the reaction force F applied to the movable portion 12 can be correctly detected, and the compliance value can be arbitrarily changed. Therefore, the point that the robot does not stop suddenly is the same, but the object 50 is not crushed by the excessive position. Therefore, it is not necessary to extremely slow down the speed at which the soldering iron 2 is brought close to the object 50, and the work can be performed safely.

Further, when a force sensor is installed between the robot and the soldering iron 2, when the robot suddenly decelerates, a force proportional to the acceleration in the negative direction is applied to the force sensor due to the influence of the mass M2 of the soldering iron 2. appear.
However, it is difficult to distinguish between the force proportional to the acceleration and the external force F generated by the contact of the soldering iron 2 with the object 50, and in order to distinguish between them, the deceleration time of the robot must be significantly lengthened. I don't get it.

On the other hand, the external force detection control unit 6 can correctly detect the external force F even when the actuator 1 is suddenly accelerated or decelerated, and detects the external force F only at the time of contact, so that it is not necessary to lengthen the deceleration time of the actuator 1.

Further, when a force sensor is used, there is a problem that it is difficult to compensate for the influence of gravity in real time.
That is, the posture that the robot can take when performing the soldering work is not always constant, and is often changed according to the state of the work.
However, when a force sensor is installed between the robot and the soldering iron 2, if the posture of the robot is not horizontal, the posture of the robot and the mass of the soldering iron 2 are affected by the gravitational acceleration αg on the force sensor. A force corresponding to M2 is generated.

On the other hand, the external force detection control unit 6 can correctly detect the external force F even when the posture of the actuator 1 is changed and the gravitational acceleration αg changes, so that the influence of gravity can be compensated in real time.

Next, an operation example of the work control unit 7 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. The following shows a case where the soldering apparatus performs soldering work on the substrate 51. Further, it is assumed that the substrate 51 is fixed to a work table or the like.

Then, the work control unit 7 controls the actuator control unit 61 and the moving unit 3 based on the external force F detected by the external force detection unit 62 and the speed obtained by the position / speed conversion unit 63, thereby soldering. Achieve soldering work with equipment. The work control unit 7 controls the actuator control unit 61 by changing the reference position Pr or the gain. Here, the gain adjusting unit 65 outputs the current command value Irp based on the position deviation, and the change in the gain means a change in the function indicating the relationship between the position deviation and the current command value Irp. ing. In addition, the change of the above function includes the change of the slope of the function.

Further, in FIG. 7A, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents external force F. Further, in FIG. 7B, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the speed of the movable portion 12. Further, reference numeral a in FIG. 7 indicates the generation of an external force F due to pressing of the soldering iron 2, reference numeral b indicates contact detection of the soldering iron 2 to the substrate 51, and reference numeral c indicates the contact detection of the soldering iron 2 from the substrate 51 of the soldering iron 2. Indicates the withdrawal of.

In the soldering work by the soldering device, first, as shown in FIGS. 5, 6A and 6B, the soldering iron 52 is brought into contact with the tip of the soldering iron 2 to apply a predetermined amount of solder, and then the movement is controlled. The section 71 moves the soldering iron 2 in the direction of the substrate 51 at a speed V1 so that the soldering iron 2 approaches the substrate 51 (step ST1).

Next, as shown in FIG. 6C, the contact control unit 72 moves the soldering iron 2 in the direction of the substrate 51 at a speed V2 until the soldering iron 2 contacts the substrate 51 with a force F1 (step ST2). As shown in FIG. 7A, the force F1 is a force that can recognize that the soldering iron 2 has come into contact with the substrate 51, and is sufficiently weak enough not to damage the soldering iron 2, the substrate 51, and peripheral devices. Is. Further, the speed V2 is slower than the speed V1.

Here, in the soldering work, the amount of melted solder and the state of the solder are slightly changed due to a slight change in temperature conditions and the like. Further, the variation in the plate thickness of the substrate 51 is usually about ± 10% with respect to the plate thickness, and when the plate thickness is 0.8 mm, the variation is about ± 0.17 mm. Therefore, the repetitive operation in the conventional soldering apparatus cannot cope with the above-mentioned subtle changes and variations, and defects and defects occur. For example, in the operation of applying the soldering iron 2 to the substrate 51, even if the soldering iron 2 is satisfactorily adjusted under specific conditions, if the amount of melted solder, the state, or the thickness of the substrate 51 changes, the soldering iron 2 The solder does not melt due to poor contact, or the substrate 51 is damaged due to excessive pressing of the soldering iron 2.
Further, in the soldering work, when the soldering iron 2 is applied to the substrate 51, if the speed is high, the solder may scatter.

Therefore, in the soldering apparatus according to the first embodiment, the external force detection unit 62 detects the external force F to detect the contact of the soldering iron 2 with the substrate 51. Further, when moving the soldering iron 2 to the vicinity of the substrate 51, the speed is increased to V1 and the soldering iron 2 is moved quickly, and when the soldering iron 2 is brought into contact with the substrate 51 from the vicinity of the substrate 51, the speed is increased to V2. Drop it and move it.
By detecting the external force and controlling the speed in this way, it is possible to manage the operation of applying the soldering iron 2 to the substrate 51 in a more appropriate state.

Next, the contact force control unit 73 controls the contact force of the soldering iron 2 with the substrate 51 based on the external force F applied to the movable portion 12 (step ST3). In FIG. 7A, the soldering iron 2 is pressed against the substrate 51 by the force F2 to carry out the soldering.

Then, after a lapse of a certain period of time, as shown in FIG. 6D, the detachment control unit 74 moves the soldering iron 2 at a speed V3 so as to separate the soldering iron 2 from the substrate 51 (step ST4). As shown in FIG. 7A, the velocity V3 is slower than the velocity V1. By controlling the speed in this way, it is possible to suppress the scattering of solder.

By the above operation, the soldering work to the board 51 can be performed without damaging the board 51 or the actuator 1 and reducing the working speed.

In the above, the case where the actuator 1 that allows the movable portion 12 to be displaced in the linear motion direction is used is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and if the acceleration detection unit 5 can detect the angular acceleration, an actuator 1 that allows the movable unit 12 to be displaced in the rotational direction can also be used.

Further, in the above, the case where the moving unit 3 is a robot is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a linear motion mechanism or a rotation mechanism may be used as the moving portion 3.

As described above, according to the first embodiment, the actuator 1 having the fixed portion 11 and the movable portion 12, the position detecting portion 4 for detecting the position of the movable portion 12 with respect to the fixed portion 11, and the acceleration of the fixed portion 11. The gain is adjusted with respect to the difference between the position detected by the position detection unit 4 and the position detected by the acceleration detection unit 5 for detecting the above, and the current command value Irp and the acceleration detection unit 5 which are the adjustment results are detected. The actuator control unit 61 that outputs the drive current Ia to the actuator 1 based on the acceleration, the current command value Irp obtained by the actuator control unit 61, or the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit 5 and the actuator control unit 61. The external force detection unit 62 that detects the external force F applied to the movable unit 12 based on the output current value of the drive current Ia, the external force F detected by the external force detection unit 62, and the position detected by the position detection unit 4. Since the work control unit 7 that controls the actuator control unit 61 is provided based on the speed obtained from the above, the movable unit 12 joins the movable unit 12 even when the movable unit 12 is suddenly accelerated or decelerated or the posture is changed. The external force F can be detected correctly, and the soldering operation can be performed based on the external force F. In addition, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of defects and defects while automating the soldering work.

In the present invention, it is possible to modify any component of the embodiment or omit any component of the embodiment within the scope of the invention.

1 Actuator 2 Solder iron 3 Moving unit 4 Position detection unit 5 Acceleration detection unit 6 External force detection control unit 7 Work control unit 11 Fixed unit 12 Movable unit 61 Actuator control unit 62 External force detection unit 63 Position speed conversion unit 64 Subtractor 65 Gain Adjustment unit 66 Mass estimation unit 67 Acceleration compensation unit 68 Adder / subtractor 69 Constant current control unit 71 Movement control unit 72 Contact control unit 73 Contact force control unit 74 Detachment control unit 50 Object 51 Board 52 Thread solder 621 Coefficient multiplier 622 Adder 623 Coefficient multiplier 651 Loop gain measurement unit 652 Gain intersection control unit 653 Variable gain adjustment unit 654 Acceler 655 Adder 656 Comparer 671 Multiplier 672 Coefficient multiplier 691 Subtractor 692 Drive driver 693 Current detector

Claims (5)

An actuator having a fixed portion and a movable portion that can be displaced with respect to the fixed portion,
A position detection unit that detects the position of the movable portion with respect to the fixed portion,
An acceleration detection unit that detects the acceleration of the fixed unit and
The gain is adjusted with respect to the difference between the position detected by the position detection unit and the reference position, and the drive current for the actuator is calculated based on the current command value which is the adjustment result and the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit. Actuator control unit to output and
The external force applied to the movable portion is detected based on the current command value obtained by the actuator control unit, the acceleration detected by the acceleration detection unit, and the current value of the drive current output by the actuator control unit. External force detector and
A soldering device including a work control unit that controls an actuator control unit based on an external force detected by the external force detection unit and a speed obtained from a position detected by the position detection unit. With a soldering iron attached to the moving part,
The work control unit
The soldering according to claim 1, further comprising a movement control unit that moves the soldering iron in the direction of the object at a first speed so that the soldering iron approaches an object to be soldered. Device. The work control unit
After the processing by the movement control unit, the soldering iron is moved toward the object in the direction of the object until the soldering iron comes into contact with the object to be soldered by the first force. The soldering apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a contact control unit that moves at a high speed. The work control unit
3. The third aspect of the present invention is to have a contact force control unit that controls the contact force of the soldering iron to an object to be soldered based on an external force applied to the movable portion after processing by the contact control unit. The soldering equipment described. The work control unit
Having a detachment control unit that moves the soldering iron at a third speed slower than the first speed so as to separate the soldering iron from the object to be soldered after the processing by the contact force control unit. 4. The soldering apparatus according to claim 4.

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