JP6913558B2 - Throttle body molding device and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a molding apparatus and a manufacturing method for a throttle body having a plurality of intake passages.

For example, as described in Patent Document 1, a throttle body in which a plurality of intake passages are connected by a connecting portion is known. This type of throttle body is manufactured, for example, by casting using a mold.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-68373

By the way, in a throttle body having a plurality of intake passages, the distances between the intake passages are variously set according to the specifications of the vehicle on which the throttle body is mounted. For this reason, it is common to newly prepare all the molds having different shapes according to the specifications of the vehicle to manufacture the throttle body. However, in this case, since it becomes necessary to prepare a plurality of molds, the mold manufacturing cost increases, and it becomes difficult to reduce the product cost.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a throttle body molding apparatus and a manufacturing method capable of increasing the versatility of a mold and reducing the product cost. do.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a throttle body having a plurality of passage forming portions forming an intake passage and a connecting portion connecting the passage forming portions arranged in parallel with each other at intervals. The molding apparatus includes a molding core for molding a plurality of the passage forming portions and a plurality of distance adjusting cores for forming the connecting portion, and the molding core includes a plurality of the passage forming portions. The throttle body is molded by having a first molding core and a second molding core to be molded, respectively, and interposing the distance adjusting core between the first molding core and the second molding core. It is characterized by forming a cavity to be formed.

In this throttle body molding device, a plurality of throttle bodies having different distances between the intake passages can be obtained by a simple configuration in which the distance adjusting core interposed between the first molding core and the second molding core is exchanged. Can be done. In other words, a plurality of throttle bodies having different set values can be obtained by using a common first molding core, a second molding core, and the like. Therefore, according to this throttle body molding device, the mold manufacturing cost can be reduced by increasing the versatility of the mold, so that the product cost can be reduced.

Further, the present invention is a method for manufacturing a throttle body having a plurality of passage forming portions forming an intake passage and a connecting portion for connecting the passage forming portions arranged at intervals from each other, wherein the plurality of passages are formed. A step of forming a cavity for forming the throttle body by interposing a distance adjusting core for forming the connecting portion between the first forming core and the second forming core for forming the forming portion, respectively, and the above-mentioned step. It is characterized by having a step of introducing molten metal into the cavity.

According to this throttle body manufacturing method, a cavity for molding a plurality of throttle bodies having different set values of distances between intake passages is formed by using a common first molding core, a second molding core, and the like. Therefore, the versatility of the mold can be increased and the product cost can be reduced.

According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the product cost of the throttle body because the mold manufacturing cost can be reduced by increasing the versatility of the mold.

FIG. 1A is a plan sectional view of a throttle body molding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic sectional view showing a molten metal flow path in the molding apparatus of FIG. 1A. FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a first molding core, a second molding core, and a distance adjusting core forming a fixed mold of the molding apparatus of FIGS. 1A and 1B, and FIG. 2B shows a fixed mold and the like. It is a schematic perspective view of the distance adjustment core of. FIG. 3A is a front view of a throttle body (cast body) obtained by applying the method for manufacturing a throttle body according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3B shows a throttle having a different distance L setting value from that of FIG. 3A. It is a front view of the body (cast body).

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the throttle body molding apparatus and manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the method for manufacturing a throttle body according to the present embodiment, for example, the throttle body molding apparatus (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a molding apparatus) 10 shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B is used in FIGS. 3A and 3A. The throttle bodies 12a and 12b shown in 3B can be obtained. Therefore, first, the throttle bodies 12a and 12b will be described.

Each of the throttle bodies 12a and 12b shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B is a non-product molded by a runner 16 and a gate 18 (see FIG. 1B) corresponding to a molten metal flow path to the cavity 15 of the fixed mold 14 described later. It is a cast body before removing the portion 22. That is, the products of the throttle bodies 12a and 12b are obtained by subjecting the cast body to post-treatment such as removal of the non-product portion 22.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the throttle body 12a has a first passage forming portion 24, a second passage forming portion 26, and a connecting portion 28a. The first passage forming portion 24 and the second passage forming portion 26 have a substantially tubular shape, and the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 are formed inside the first passage forming portion 24 and the second passage forming portion 26, respectively. The first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 are parallel to each other at intervals. The connecting portion 28a connects the first passage forming portion 24 and the second passage forming portion 26 to maintain the distance L between the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 at the set value A. In the following, the parallel direction of the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 (direction of arrow X in FIGS. 3A and 3B) is also simply referred to as a parallel direction.

A first throttle valve and a second throttle valve (both not shown) for adjusting the opening degree of the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 are interposed in the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32, respectively. Be disguised. The first valve shaft of the first throttle valve and the second valve shaft of the second throttle valve (both not shown) are connected to the first passage forming portion 24 so as to be coaxial with each other in the parallel direction. It is provided inside a through hole 34 that penetrates the 28a and the second passage forming portion 26 in the parallel direction. Further, the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 communicate with an intake pipe for a multi-cylinder engine mounted on a vehicle (both not shown).

The throttle body 12b shown in FIG. 3B has the same configuration as the throttle body 12a except that the connecting portion 28a of the throttle body 12a is replaced with a connecting portion 28b having a length smaller than that of the connecting portion 28a in the parallel direction. Will be done. Therefore, among the components of the throttle body 12b, those having the same or similar functions and effects as the components of the throttle body 12a are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In the throttle body 12b, the connecting portion 28b maintains the distance L between the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 at a set value B smaller than the set value A.

Here, the distance between the intake pipes for the above-mentioned multi-cylinder engine varies depending on the specifications of the vehicle. Therefore, in order to communicate the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 with the intake pipe, the set value of the distance L between the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 is changed for each vehicle specification. There is a need to. That is, the set value of the distance L varies depending on the specifications of the vehicle. Therefore, for example, the throttle body 12b is mounted on a vehicle having a specification in which the distance between the intake pipes is smaller than that of the vehicle on which the throttle body 12a is mounted.

In the present embodiment, among the various set values of the distance L, two types of set values A and B, large and small, will be described, but the setting values are not limited to these two types. The set value of the distance L can have various sizes depending on the distance between the intake pipes for each specification of the vehicle. That is, in the following, an embodiment in which two types of throttle bodies 12a and 12b are manufactured by the molding apparatus 10 will be described as an example, but the molding apparatus 10 is not limited to the throttle bodies 12a and 12b and has a distance L. Multiple different types of throttle bodies can be manufactured.

Note that FIG. 2A shows the components of the molding device 10 for manufacturing the throttle body 12a, and FIG. 2B shows the components of the molding device 10 for manufacturing the throttle body 12b.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the molding apparatus 10 includes a mold 42 composed of a fixed mold 14 and a movable mold 40 forming the cavity 15, and a mold clamping mechanism (non-compacting) provided on the back surface side of the cavity forming surface 44 of the movable mold 40. (Fig.) And an extrusion mechanism 48, and an injection sleeve 54 provided on the back surface side of the cavity forming surface 50 of the fixed die 14 are mainly provided.

The mold clamping mechanism can move the movable mold 40 closer to or further from the fixed mold 14, and by bringing the movable mold 40 into contact with the fixed mold 14 to close the mold, the movable mold 40 and the fixed mold 40 are fixed. A cavity 15 is formed between the cavity forming surfaces 44 and 50 of the mold 14.

The extrusion mechanism 48 is movable with an extrusion plate 58 in which a plurality of extrusion pins 56 for ejecting castings of throttle bodies 12a and 12b (hereinafter, collectively referred to as castings) are projected from the cavity 15. A drive unit (not shown) for moving the extrusion plate 58 forward or backward with respect to the mold 40 is provided. The tip of the extrusion pin 56 is inserted into a pin hole 60 penetrating between the cavity forming surface 44 and the back surface of the movable type 40, respectively.

The extrusion plate 58 is positioned so that the tip of the extrusion pin 56 coincides with the cavity forming surface 44 of the movable mold 40 when the fixed mold 14 and the movable mold 40 are closed. On the other hand, when the mold is opened, the drive unit advances the extrusion plate 58, so that the tip of the extrusion pin 56 protrudes from the cavity forming surface 44 of the movable mold 40, whereby the cast body is discharged from the movable mold 40.

The injection sleeve 54 slidably accommodates the plunger tip 62 inside the injection sleeve 54, and the plunger tip 62 can move forward or backward via the plunger rod 64. By advancing the plunger tip 62 in a state where the molten metal is supplied from the hot water supply means (not shown) into the injection sleeve 54, the molten metal is supplied to the cavity 15 via the runner 16 and the gate 18 formed in the fixed mold 14. can do.

Here, as is clear from the shape of the non-product portion 22 of FIGS. 3A and 3B, the lower part of the cavity 15 forming the first passage forming portion 24 and the second passage forming portion 26 in FIGS. 1B and 3A. The injection port 66 of the injection sleeve 54 is provided at a substantially center in the parallel direction. The molten metal is supplied from the injection port 66 to the runner 16 that branches into two toward the lower end of the portion corresponding to each of the first passage forming portion 24 and the second passage forming portion 26 of the cavity 15. Then, the molten metal is supplied to the cavity 15 through the gates 18 provided at the ends of the branched runners 16 in the extending direction.

The fixed type 14 and the movable type 40 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A, 2A and 2B. The molding apparatus 10 includes a master mold 70, a molding core 72, and a plurality of distance adjusting cores 74a and 74b as the fixed mold 14. Further, as the movable mold 40, a mother mold 78, a molding core 80, and a plurality of distance adjusting cores 82a and 82b are provided.

The master molds 70 and 78 are provided with fitting portions 84 and 86, respectively. Further, the molding core 72 has a first molding core 721 and a second molding core 722, and the molding core 80 has a first molding core 801 and a second molding core 802.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the cavity forming surfaces 44 and 50 are formed by the forming cores 72 and 80 and the distance adjusting cores 74a, 74b, 82a and 82b, respectively. Further, between the cavity forming surfaces 44 and 50, intake passage forming cores 88 and 90 for forming the first intake passage 30 and the second intake passage 32 are interposed. As shown in FIG. 1A, the intake passage forming cores 88 and 90 are provided with a cast portion 91 for forming the through hole 34.

The movable mold 40 and the fixed mold 14 have substantially the same configuration except that the movable mold 40 is provided with the mold clamping mechanism and the extrusion mechanism 48, and the fixed mold 14 is provided with the injection sleeve 54, the runner 16 and the gate 18. Will be done. Therefore, in the following, with the description of the master mold 70, the molding core 72, and the distance adjusting cores 74a, 74b of the fixed mold 14, the master mold 78, the molding core 80, and the distance adjusting cores 82a, 82b of the movable mold 40 will be described. A detailed description will be omitted.

The first forming core 721 of the forming core 72 forms the first passage forming portion 24, and the second forming core 722 forms the second passage forming portion 26. The distance adjusting core 74a forms the connecting portion 28a, and the distance adjusting core 74b forms the connecting portion 28b. Therefore, for example, when the throttle body 12a is manufactured by the molding apparatus 10, the distance adjusting core 74a is selected from the plurality of distance adjusting cores 74a and 74b, and the first molding core 721 and the second molding core 722 are selected. Intervene between. At this time, the stacking direction (the arrow Y direction in FIG. 2A) of the first forming core 721, the distance adjusting core 74a, and the second forming core 722 is along the parallel direction.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the first forming core 721 is on the back side of the paper surface of the cavity forming surface 50 and faces the distance adjusting core 74a and on the arrow Z1 side of FIG. 2A, for example, from a bolt or the like. A first female threaded portion 96 is provided to which the first male threaded portion 94 of the first insertion member 92 is screwed. Further, the first forming core 721 extends along the stacking direction so that the second insertion member 98 made of, for example, a bolt or the like is inserted into the arrow Z2 side of FIG. 2A with respect to the first female thread portion 96. The second insertion hole 100 is provided. In the second insertion hole 100, a step portion 104 that comes into contact with the head 102 of the second insertion member 98 is formed in a state where the entire second insertion member 98 is housed inside the second insertion hole 100. There is. Further, the first forming core 721 is provided with a first convex portion 106 on a surface facing the distance adjusting core 74a.

The second forming core 722 has a first insertion hole extending along the stacking direction so that the first insertion member 92 is inserted into the back side of the paper surface and the arrow Z1 side in FIG. 2A from the cavity forming surface 50. 108 is pierced. In the first insertion hole 108, a step portion 112 that comes into contact with the head 110 of the first insertion member 92 is formed in a state where the entire first insertion member 92 is housed inside the first insertion hole 108. There is. Further, the second forming core 722 is on the arrow Z2 side of FIG. 2A of the first insertion hole 108, and the second male screw portion 101 of the second insertion member 98 is screwed on the side facing the distance adjusting core 74a. A second female threaded portion 114 is provided. Further, the second forming core 722 is provided with a second convex portion 116 on a surface facing the distance adjusting core 74a.

The distance adjusting core 74a is on the back side of the paper surface with respect to the cavity forming surface 50, and a first insertion hole 118 through which the first insertion member 92 is inserted is formed on the arrow Z1 side of FIG. 2A. A second insertion hole 120 through which the second insertion member 98 is inserted is provided on the side of the arrow Z2. Further, the distance adjusting core 74a is provided with a first groove portion 122 that engages with the first convex portion 106 on the surface facing the first forming core 721, and a second groove portion 122 is provided on the surface facing the second forming core 722. A second groove 124 that engages with the protrusion 116 is provided. Further, the distance adjusting core 74a has a positioning pin 126 projecting from the back surface side of the cavity forming surface 50. As shown in FIG. 1A, the positioning pin 126 is inserted into the positioning hole 130 formed in the fitting portion 84 when the distance adjusting core 74a is fitted into the fitting portion 84 provided in the master mold 70. NS.

When the first forming core 721, the distance adjusting core 74a, and the second forming core 722 are laminated as described above, the first convex portion 106 and the first groove portion 122 are engaged with each other, and the second convex portion is formed. The 116 and the second groove 124 are engaged with each other. As a result, the first forming core 721, the distance adjusting core 74a, and the second forming core 722 are in the width direction of the first groove portion 122 and the second groove portion 124 (in this embodiment, the arrows Z1 and Z2 in FIG. 2A). It is possible to easily suppress the displacement in the direction).

In this state, the first insertion member 92 is inserted into the first insertion holes 108 and 118 of the second forming core 722 and the distance adjusting core 74a, and the first female threaded portion 96 and the first female thread portion 96 and the first of the first forming core 721 are inserted. The insertion member 92 is screwed with the first male threaded portion 94. Further, the second insertion member 98 is inserted into the second insertion holes 100 and 120 of the first forming core 721 and the distance adjusting core 74a, and the second female screw portion 114 and the second insertion member of the second forming core 722 are inserted. The second male screw portion 101 of 98 is screwed. As a result, the first forming core 721, the distance adjusting core 74a, and the second forming core 722 are easily connected while suppressing the formation of a gap between them and the occurrence of misalignment. It can be a connector 132a (see FIG. 1A).

The fixed mold 14 is formed by fitting the connecting body 132a formed as described above into the fitting portion 84 of the master mold 70. At this time, by inserting the positioning pin 126 of the distance adjusting core 74a into the positioning hole 130 of the master die 70, the coupling body 132a and the master die 70 can be easily positioned.

The first forming core 801 and the distance adjusting core 82a and the second forming core 802 are also connected and connected in the same manner as the first forming core 721, the distance adjusting core 74a and the second forming core 722. Body 134a can be formed. The movable mold 40 is configured by fitting the connecting body 134a into the fitting portion 86 of the master mold 78.

On the other hand, when the throttle body 12b is manufactured by the molding apparatus 10, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 2B, the distance adjusting core 74b is selected and between the first molding core 721 and the second molding core 722. Intervene. The distance adjusting core 74b is configured in the same manner as the distance adjusting core 74a described above, except that the length in the stacking direction is small. Therefore, among the components of the distance adjusting core 74b, those having the same or the same function and effect as the components of the distance adjusting core 74a are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. ..

Therefore, in the same manner as in the case of forming the connecting body 132a described above, the connecting body 132b is formed by connecting the first forming core 721, the distance adjusting core 74b, and the second forming core 722. Can be done. The fixed mold 14 is formed by fitting the connecting body 132b into the fitting portion 84 of the master mold 70.

The first forming core 801 and the distance adjusting core 82b and the second forming core 802 can be connected in the same manner to form the connecting body 134b. The movable mold 40 is formed by fitting the connecting body 134b into the fitting portion 86 of the master mold 78.

The molding apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is basically configured as described above. Next, a method for manufacturing the throttle body (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a manufacturing method) according to the present embodiment will be described by taking as an example a case where the throttle bodies 12a and 12b are manufactured by using the molding apparatus 10.

First, when manufacturing the throttle body 12a, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A, the distance adjusting cores 74a and 82a for forming the connecting portion 28a are selected from the distance adjusting cores 74a, 74b, 82a and 82b. Then, the distance adjusting core 74a is interposed between the first molding core 721 and the second molding core 722, and these are connected as described above to form the connecting body 132a. Further, the distance adjusting core 82a is interposed between the first molding core 801 and the second molding core 802, and these are connected as described above to form the connecting body 134a. These connecting bodies 132a and 134a are fitted into the fitting portions 84 and 86 of the master mold 70, respectively, to form the fixed mold 14 and the movable mold 40.

Next, the movable mold 40 is brought closer to the fixed mold 14 by the mold clamping mechanism, and the mold is closed. At this time, the intake passage forming cores 88 and 90 are interposed between the cavity forming surfaces 44 and 50 of the movable mold 40 and the fixed mold 14. As a result, the cavity 15 formed between the cavity forming surfaces 44 and 50 can be shaped according to the throttle body 12a.

Next, as shown in FIG. 1B, the molten metal is supplied into the injection sleeve 54 by the hot water supply means. This molten metal is introduced into the cavity 15 via the runner 16 and the gate 18 of the fixed mold 14 by advancing the plunger tip 62. After the molten metal filled in the cavity 15 is solidified in this way, the movable mold 40 is separated from the fixed mold 14 by the mold clamping mechanism to open the mold. Further, the extrusion mechanism 48 projects the tip of the extrusion pin 56 from the cavity forming surface 44 of the movable mold 40, so that the cast body of the throttle body 12a is ejected from the movable mold 40. By sliding the intake passage forming cores 88 and 90 back from the cast body, it is possible to obtain the throttle body 12a in which the distance L is maintained at the set value A by the connecting portion 28a.

Next, when manufacturing the throttle body 12b, the connecting bodies 132a and 134a are removed from the fitting portions 84 and 86 of the master molds 70 and 78, respectively. Further, the first insertion member 92 and the second insertion member 98 are removed from the connecting bodies 132a and 134a. As a result, the first forming cores 721 and 801 are decomposed into the distance adjusting cores 74a and 82a and the second forming cores 722 and 802, respectively.

Next, instead of the distance adjusting cores 74a and 82a, the distance adjusting cores 74b and 82b for forming the connecting portion 28b are selected. Then, the distance adjusting core 74b is interposed between the first molding core 721 and the second molding core 722, and these are connected as described above to form the connecting body 132b. Further, the distance adjusting core 82b is interposed between the first molding core 801 and the second molding core 802, and these are connected as described above to form the connecting body 134b.

By fitting these connecting bodies 132b and 134b into the fitting portions 84 and 86 of the master molds 70 and 78, respectively, the fixed mold 14 and the movable mold 40 are formed.

After that, the throttle body 12b can be obtained by going through the same process as the manufacturing process of the throttle body 12a. That is, the cavity 15 formed between the cavity forming surfaces 44 and 50 is formed into a shape corresponding to the throttle body 12b by closing the mold by the mold clamping mechanism or the like. By filling the cavity 15 with molten metal, solidifying it, and then opening and dispensing the mold, it is possible to obtain a throttle body 12b in which the distance L is maintained at the set value B by the connecting portion 28b.

From the above, the molding apparatus 10 has a simple configuration in which the distance adjusting cores 74a, 74b, 82a, 82b interposed between the first molding cores 721 and 801 and the second molding cores 722 and 802 are replaced with each other. A plurality of throttle bodies 12a and 12b having different L can be obtained. In other words, a plurality of throttle bodies 12a and 12b having different set values of the distance L can be obtained by using the common first molding cores 721 and 801 and the second molding cores 722 and 802. Therefore, according to the molding apparatus 10 and the manufacturing method using the molding apparatus 10, the mold manufacturing cost can be reduced by increasing the versatility of the mold 42, so that the product cost can be reduced.

It should be noted that the present invention is not particularly limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the gist thereof.

For example, in the above embodiment, the throttle bodies 12a and 12b having two intake passages, a first intake passage 30 and a second intake passage 32, are manufactured. However, the number of intake passages (the number of intake passage forming portions) is not limited to two, and may be three or more. Also in this case, a distance adjusting core having a length corresponding to the set value of the distance L is interposed between the first forming core and the second forming core that form the intake passage forming portions adjacent to each other. Therefore, the throttle body can be manufactured in the same manner as described above.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, since the two types of set values A and B have been described, the plurality of distance adjusting cores 74a, 74b, 82a, and 82b included in the molding apparatus 10 also have two types having different lengths in the stacking direction. (Fixed type 14 and movable type 40, 2 sets each, total 4 pieces) are exemplified. However, it goes without saying that the number of distance adjusting cores included in the molding apparatus 10 is not limited to two types, and the versatility of the mold 42 can be increased by increasing the types of distance adjusting cores.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the first forming core 721 is provided with the first convex portion 106, and the distance adjusting core 74a is provided with the first groove portion 122. However, the first forming core 721 is provided with the first groove portion 122. One groove portion 122 may be provided, and the first convex portion 106 may be provided on the distance adjusting core 74a. The same applies to the second convex portion 116 of the second forming core 722 and the second groove portion 124 of the distance adjusting core 74a.

10 ... Molding device 12a, 12b ... Throttle body 14 ... Fixed type 15 ... Cavity 24 ... First passage forming part 26 ... Second passage forming part 28a, 28b ... Connecting part 30 ... First intake passage 32 ... Second intake passage 40 ... Movable mold 42 ... Mold 44, 50 ... Cavity forming surfaces 70, 78 ... Mother mold 72, 80 ... Molding cores 721, 801 ... First molding cores 722, 802 ... Second molding cores 74a, 74b, 82a , 82b ... Distance adjusting cores 84, 86 ... Fitting portions 88, 90 ... Intake passage forming core 91 ... Casting portion 92 ... First insertion member 98 ... Second insertion member 106 ... First convex portion 116 ... Second Convex portion 122 ... First groove portion 124 ... Second groove portion

Claims (2)

A throttle body molding device having a plurality of passage forming portions forming an intake passage and a connecting portion connecting the passage forming portions arranged in parallel with each other at intervals.
A molding core for molding a plurality of the passage forming portions, and a molding core.
A plurality of distance adjusting cores for forming the connecting portion, and
With
The molding core has a first molding core and a second molding core that form the plurality of passage forming portions, respectively.
A throttle body molding apparatus, characterized in that a cavity for molding the throttle body is formed by interposing the distance adjusting core between the first molding core and the second molding core. A method for manufacturing a throttle body, which includes a plurality of passage forming portions forming an intake passage and a connecting portion connecting the passage forming portions arranged at intervals from each other.
A cavity for molding the throttle body is formed by interposing a distance adjusting core for molding the connecting portion between the first molding core and the second molding core for molding the plurality of passage forming portions, respectively. Process and
The process of introducing molten metal into the cavity and
A method for manufacturing a throttle body, which comprises having a throttle body.

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