JP6884450B2 - T細胞ワクチン - Google Patents
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Description
(1)組織適合抗原の発現抑制処理、活性化抑制処理、及び病原体抗原の標識処理がされたドナー由来T細胞を含む、同種異型レシピエント個体における前記病原体抗原に対するワクチン。
(2)組織適合抗原の発現抑制処理が、組織適合抗原遺伝子に対するRNA干渉処理又は当該遺伝子のノックアウト処理である(1)に記載のワクチン。
(3)活性化抑制処理が、代謝拮抗剤若しくはDNA合成阻害剤処理又は放射線照射処理である(1)又は(2)に記載のワクチン。
(4)病原体がウイルス又は細菌である(1)〜(3)のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
(5)ウイルスがインフルエンザウイルスである(4)に記載のワクチン。
(6)リンパ器官で多所性に中和抗体を誘導する、(1)〜(5)のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
(8)組織適合抗原の発現抑制処理が、組織適合抗原遺伝子に対するRNA干渉処理又は当該遺伝子のノックアウト処理である(7)に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
(9)活性化抑制処理が、代謝拮抗剤若しくはDNA合成阻害剤又は放射線照射処理である(7)又は(8)に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
(10)病原体がウイルス又は細菌である(7)〜(9)のいずれか1項に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
(11)ウイルスがインフルエンザウイルスである(10)に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
(12)リンパ器官で多所性に中和抗体を誘導する、(7)〜(11)のいずれか1項に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
同種異系(アロ)T細胞は、自己T細胞と同様に全身のリンパ器官に再循環し血行性遊走する能力を持っているが、T細胞受容体を介して組織在住の樹状細胞を効率よく刺激すると、当該T細胞自身のI型組織適合抗原(MHC)に対するアロ抗体が容易に誘導されることを見出した。この知見は、自己T細胞とは異なるものである。
ここで、本発明において使用されるT細胞は、一の個体から採取される。このT細胞に上記処理を施した後、当該一の個体とは同種であるが他の個体(つまり同種異系の個体)に投与する。従って、使用するT細胞を本明細書では「アロT細胞」という。
RNA干渉(RNAi)により遺伝子発現を抑制し得る合成核酸分子としては、例えばsiRNA(small interfering RNA)、マイクロRNA(miRNA)及びshRNA(short hairpin RNA)が挙げられる。
siRNAは、二本鎖部分を生成するために自身の核酸上で折り畳む一本鎖ヘアピンRNA分子として生成される。
siRNAを細胞に導入するには、in vitroで合成したsiRNAをプラスミドDNAに連結してこれを細胞に導入する方法、2本鎖RNAをアニールする方法などを採用することができる。
miRNAも、RNAiに基づく阻害性核酸であるため、shRNA又はsiRNAに準じて設計し合成することができる。
siRNA処理又はCRISPR/Cas9によるgene knockout処理などは、公知文献に記載の方法(Cancer Cell Int.13:112,2013;Clin Cancer Res23:2255,2017)により行うことができる。
葉酸類似体:メトトレキサート、ペメトレキセド、プララトレキサート等
プリン類似体:メルカプトプリン、チオグアニン、クラドリビン、フルダラビン等
ピリミジン類似体:シタラビン、フルオロウラシル、テガフール、ゲムシタビン等
抗生物質:マイトマイシンC、アクチノマイシン、ドキソルビシン、エピルビシン等
アルキル化剤:シクロフォスファミド、メルファラン、チオテパ、ブスルファン等
白金製剤:シスプラチン、イプロプラチン、カルボプラチン等
トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬:イリノテカン、ノギテカン、エトポシド、アントラサイクリン系薬剤等
X線、ガンマ線等
放射線照射量は、108個の細胞あたり10〜50Gy、好ましくは15Gyである。こらの処理は、公知文献に記載の方法(Arch Pathol Lab Med 142:662,2018)により行うことができる。
細菌としては、肺炎球菌、髄膜炎菌、ジフテリア菌、破傷風菌、百日咳菌、結核などが挙げられる。
原虫としては、マラリアなどが挙げられる。
本発明のワクチンは、使用する抗原に応じて、当該抗原に関連する疾患に対する医薬組成物として使用することもできる。本発明の医薬組成物は、注射剤等の非経口投与剤などの形態に応じて投与することができる。好ましくは、静脈注射のほか、腹腔等への局部注射等が例示される。
投与量は、投与経路、投与対象、患者の年齢、体重、性別、症状その他の条件により適宜選択される。ワクチンとして使用されるアロT細胞の一日投与量としては、静脈投与の場合は107個/ml〜109個/ml、好ましくは5x107個/ml〜5x108個/ml程度であり、1日1回投与することもでき、数回に分けて投与することもできる。
本発明のワクチンは、脾臓機能が正常なヒトだけでなく、低下または脾摘したヒトであっても全身性・多所性に中和抗体を誘導できる。
従って、本発明のアロT細胞は、中和抗体誘導剤として使用することができる。
[実施例1]
親ラットのT細胞に、抗原としてFITCそのもの、または抗CD4抗体に結合させたphycoerythrinを標識後、マイトマイシンC処理の後、脾摘した一代雑種F1ラットに静脈内投与し、7日後に種々のリンパ節と血清を採取した。
リンパ節は切片上に特異的な抗体産生細胞を可視化し、血清はフローサイトメーターで特異抗体の定量をおこなった(図1)。
すなわち、凍結切片上で、まずphycoerythrinやFITCを標識したノーマルマウスIgGを、抗原特異的AFCの抗体存在部位に結合させた。次に酵素(アルカリホスファターゼ)標識した抗マウスIgGを反応させた後、酵素発色させて可視化した(図2)。
siRNAなどでMHCI発現を抑制したドナーT細胞はMHCIに対する反応を理論的に起こさないはずなので、F1ラットの系はsiRNAを用いる系と類似なモデルといえる。一方、自己T細胞は抗体応答を誘導できないため、アロT細胞を用いることが本発明における必要条件である。
Claims (12)
- 組織適合抗原の発現抑制処理、活性化抑制処理、及び病原体抗原の標識処理がされたドナー由来T細胞を含む、同種異型レシピエント個体における前記病原体抗原に対するワクチン。
- 組織適合抗原の発現抑制処理が、組織適合抗原遺伝子に対するRNA干渉処理又は当該遺伝子のノックアウト処理である請求項1に記載のワクチン。
- 活性化抑制処理が、代謝拮抗剤若しくはDNA合成阻害剤処理又は放射線照射処理である請求項1又は2に記載のワクチン。
- 病原体がウイルス又は細菌である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- ウイルスがインフルエンザウイルスである請求項4に記載のワクチン。
- リンパ器官で多所性に中和抗体を誘導する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- 組織適合抗原の発現抑制処理、活性化抑制処理、及び病原体抗原の標識処理がされたドナー由来T細胞を含む、同種異型レシピエント個体における中和抗体誘導剤。
- 組織適合抗原の発現抑制処理が、組織適合抗原遺伝子に対するRNA干渉処理又は当該遺伝子のノックアウト処理である請求項7に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
- 活性化抑制処理が、代謝拮抗剤若しくはDNA合成阻害剤又は放射線照射処理である請求項7又は8に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
- 病原体がウイルス又は細菌である請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
- ウイルスがインフルエンザウイルスである請求項10に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
- リンパ器官で多所性に中和抗体を誘導する、請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載の中和抗体誘導剤。
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