JP6865478B1 - Fixture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fixture capable of preventing loosening of a nut after fastening and preventing rotation of a bolt and a nut at the time of fastening or loosening. A fixture is a fixture composed of a bolt 1, a nut 2a, and a pin 3a, and the bolt 1 is a head 4, a shaft portion 5, and a threaded portion 6 on the surface of the shaft portion 5. The shaft portion 5 is provided with a through hole 7 that penetrates the shaft portion 5 in a direction intersecting the long axis thereof, and the pin 3a is a rod-shaped or plate-shaped member that can be inserted into and removed from the through hole 7. Is. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a fixture composed of a nut and a bolt, which can rotate the bolt when the nut is fastened or loosened, and prevent the nut from loosening after being fixed.

As a method for fixing a plurality of members, there are various methods such as welding, adhesion, and screwing. Among them, screwing with bolts and nuts can be freely fixed and disassembled, and a high joining force can be obtained. In particular, when the bondability between interfaces is low due to dissimilar materials or irregularities on the surface of the interface, fastening with bolts and nuts, which is a mechanical fixing method, is highly versatile. , Widely used from minute precision parts to large structures such as buildings and bridges.

Normally, when fastening an object to be fastened with bolts and nuts, it is fastened with a tool such as a spanner or a wrench. Specifically, after inserting the bolt into the object to be fastened, the head of the bolt is fixed with a spanner or the like, and a nut is screwed into the tip of the bolt shaft, which is the other end of the bolt, and rotated. The object to be fastened is fastened by going, and fixed by pressure welding.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-65533 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-273890 JP-A-2018-1238889

After fastening, the bolts and nuts may naturally loosen due to the effects of expansion, contraction, vibration, etc. due to temperature changes around the fasteners fastened by them. For example, in the case of transportation equipment, work machines, bridges, etc. that generate constant vibration, loosening is particularly likely to occur, and in some cases the nut may come off, which may lead to an accident. This is an important issue.

In addition to the above-mentioned loosening, there is a rotation that occurs at the time of fastening or loosening for disassembly. Rotation is likely to occur when tools or hands for fixing and rotating bolts or nuts cannot be inserted, such as when there is not enough work space around the object to be fastened. For example, if there is not enough work space on the head side of the bolt, the head cannot be fixed. Therefore, even if only the nut is turned from the shaft side of the bolt, the bolt and the nut are screwed together. This is a phenomenon in which the bolt rotates with the rotation of the nut when the frictional force at the interface of the joint is greater than the frictional force between the bolt and the object to be fastened. When the rotation occurs, the position of the nut on the shaft of the bolt does not change, so that the object to be fastened cannot be fixed or disassembled.

Various fixtures have been proposed and used to solve the above problems.
A common way to prevent loosening is to provide spring washers between the object to be fastened and the nut and / or between the heads of the bolts. As a result, at the screwed portion of the bolt and the nut, a force that pushes against the contact surfaces where the male and female screws come into contact acts, the frictional force between the contact surfaces is increased, and the loosening of the nut can be suppressed. In Patent Document 1, a pin insertion hole having a plurality of split grooves formed on the tip end side of the bolt shaft portion is formed, and the pin insertion hole is expanded with a pin having a predetermined taper after the nut is fastened. Loosening prevention bolts that can prevent loosening are listed. Patent Document 2 describes a fixing method in which a washer having a protrusion that fits into the groove is inserted into a grooved bolt, fastened with a nut, and then the protrusion is bent into the groove on the upper surface of the nut. Is described. Loosening of the nut can be prevented by blocking the rotation of the nut by the protrusion of the washer.

Further, as a general method for preventing rotation, the shape directly under the bolt head, which is the base of the shaft portion of the bolt, is made into a polygon, and the polygon is fitted to the object to be fastened to rotate the bolt. There is a method of suppressing. As a similar method, in Patent Document 3, the bolt is fixed by biting a convex streak arranged directly under the bolt head into the inner wall of the bolt insertion hole of the object to be fastened, and the bolt is fixed from the shaft side of the bolt. A bolt that can fasten an object to be fastened by rotating only the nut is described.

As mentioned above, loosening and rotation are major problems in fixing with bolts and nuts. In addition, although various proposals have been made as solutions to each problem, few proposals have been made that can solve both problems.

The present invention has been made to deal with such a problem, and provides a fixture capable of preventing the nut from loosening after fastening and preventing the bolt and nut from rotating at the time of fastening or loosening. The purpose is to do.

The fixture of the present invention is a fixture composed of bolts, nuts, and pins, and the bolt is composed of a head, a shaft portion, and a threaded portion on the surface of the shaft portion, and is formed on the shaft portion. Is provided with a through hole penetrating the shaft portion in a direction intersecting the long axis thereof, and the pin is a rod-shaped or plate-shaped member that can be inserted into and removed from the through hole.

The through hole is characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the shaft portion in the major axis direction is a rectangle whose longitudinal direction is along the major axis direction.

The pin is a plate-shaped elastic body and is characterized in that it is bent.

The pin engages with the outer peripheral side surface of the nut to suppress the rotation of the nut.

The shaft portion of the bolt is provided with two or more through holes.

The fixture of the present invention is a fixture composed of bolts, nuts, and pins, and the bolt is composed of a head, a shaft portion, and a threaded portion on the surface of the shaft portion. A through hole is provided to penetrate the shaft portion in a direction intersecting the long axis, and the pin is a rod-shaped or plate-shaped member that can be inserted into and removed from the through hole to prevent loosening of the nut after fastening. In addition, it is possible to prevent the bolts and nuts from rotating when they are fastened or loosened. Further, the bolt can be fastened and loosened on the front side (the shaft portion side of the bolt) without touching the head side of the bolt.

Since the cross-sectional shape of the shaft portion in the long axis direction is rectangular along the longitudinal direction in the long axis direction, the through hole can prevent the nut from loosening regardless of the thickness of the object to be fastened.

Since the pin is a plate-shaped elastic body and is bent, it can be pressed against the nut toward the head of the bolt. Further, by increasing the stability of the pin in the through hole, the effect of preventing the nut from loosening is further enhanced, and the pin can be suppressed from falling off.

Since the pin engages with the outer peripheral side surface of the nut and suppresses the rotation of the nut, the possibility of the nut loosening can be further reduced.

Since the bolt shaft is provided with two or more through holes, each through hole is provided with a hole for inserting a pin for preventing rotation used when fastening or loosening the fixture, and for preventing loosening. It can be used properly as a hole for inserting a pin. As a result, the position of the nut and the position of the pin for fixing the bolt are separated from each other, so that workability at the time of fastening or loosening can be improved. In addition, the shape of the pin for preventing loosening can be a shape specialized for preventing loosening, and the loosening prevention function can be enhanced.

It is a side view and the sectional view of the component which comprises the fixture of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view and a cross-sectional view of the state where the fixture of FIG. 1 is fastened. It is a B arrow view and a cross-sectional view in FIG. It is a side view and a plan view of a fixture into which a pin for preventing rotation is inserted. It is a side view of various pins. It is a side view of various nuts. It is a side view of the state which fastened the fixture with various nuts. It is sectional drawing of the state which fastened the fixture of another form of this invention.

An embodiment of the fixture of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
FIG. 1A is a side view of the bolt 1 used for the fixture. The bolt 1 penetrates the head portion 4, the shaft portion 5, and the shaft portion 5 through the threaded portion 6 and the shaft portion 5, which are the portions where the threads of the male threads are formed, in the direction orthogonal to the long axis thereof. It has a hole 7. The head 4 may have a polygonal shape that can be fitted with a fastening tool such as a spanner, or may have a hemispherical shape, a circular shape, or the like. Further, the through hole 7 may be a hole that penetrates the shaft portion 5 in a direction that intersects the major axis thereof, and in addition to being orthogonal as shown in FIG. There may be.

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA'in FIG. 1A. FIG. 1C is a side view of the nut 2a, and FIG. 1D is a side view of a pin 3a that can be inserted and removed from the through hole 7. As the shape of the through hole 7 and the shape and material of the pin 3a, various shapes and materials described later can be freely selected.

FIG. 2A is a side view of a state in which the object to be fastened 9 is fastened with the bolt 1 and the nut 2a, and then the pin 3a is inserted into the through hole 7 and engaged with the nut 2a. FIG. 2B is a side view. Is a cross-sectional view on the central axis of the bolt 1. Although omitted in the drawings, a washer may be inserted between the head of the bolt 1 and the object to be fastened 9, or between the nut 2a and the object 9 to be fastened.

The object to be fastened 9 is, for example, two iron plates, and an insertion hole for inserting the bolt 1 is formed in advance at the fastening portion of each plate. Fastening is performed by stacking two iron plates, positioning them so that the two insertion holes match, and screwing the nut 2a into the shaft portion of the bolt 1 inserted through the insertion holes. At this time, if there is sufficient space on both the head side and the shaft portion side of the bolt 1 for fastening work, the head of the bolt 1 is fitted and fixed to a spanner, and the nut 2a is another spanner. By rotating the bolt 1 around the central axis of the shaft portion in the fastening direction, the distance between the head of the bolt 1 and the nut 2a becomes closer, and the object to be fastened is fixed. Further, while fixing the nut 2a in the same manner, the nut 2a is fixed by applying a tool suitable for the groove to the groove on the head of the bolt 1 and rotating the bolt.

If there is not enough space on the head side of the bolt to insert tools or hands to perform the fastening work, it is necessary to fasten from the shaft side of the bolt. In this case, the nut can be rotated by using a tool, but since it is difficult to fix the head of the nut with a general bolt, the bolt may rotate at the same time as the nut rotates.
If the bolt described in Patent Document 3 is used, the convex streaks arranged directly under the bolt head are made to bite into the inner wall of the bolt insertion hole of the object to be fastened to fix the bolt and prevent rotation. It is possible to fasten nuts while doing so. However, the bolt needs to hit the head with a hammer or the like in order to bite into the inner wall of the bolt insertion hole of the object to be fastened, and cannot be used unless there is a space on the bolt head side.
Since the bolt of the fixture of the present invention has a through hole in the shaft portion, by inserting a pin into the through hole, the shaft portion of the cylindrical bolt is made an anisotropic shape in combination with the pin. be able to. Since the shaft portion of the irregularly shaped bolt can be fixed by hand or a tool, it is possible to prevent the bolt from rotating when the nut is fastened even if there is not enough space on the head side of the bolt.

After fastening the object to be fastened with the bolt 1 and the nut 2a, the pin 3a is inserted into the through hole 7 and the left and right ends of the pin 3a are engaged with the outer peripheral side surface of the nut 2a. The through hole 7 is a rectangle along the long axis direction of the shaft portion when the hole is viewed in the through direction. Specifically, the through hole 7 is a rectangle in which the cross-sectional shape of the shaft portion in the major axis direction is along the longitudinal direction in the major axis direction. After fastening the nut 2a, a space through which the pin 3a can penetrate is secured below the nut 2a (on the bolt tip side). Here, the "bolt tip portion" is an end portion located on the opposite side of the bolt head, which is one end portion of the bolt 1.

The pin 3a, which is a plate-shaped elastic body, is bent, and its central portion is in contact with the bottom surface of the through hole 7 (the surface on the tip end side of the bolt in the cavity of the through hole 7). The pin 3a is inserted into the through hole 7, and both ends engage with the outer peripheral side surface of the nut 2a. At this time, the pin 3a acts as a leaf spring to press the nut 2a toward the object to be fastened. As a result, the frictional force between the female screw surface of the nut 2a and the male screw surface of the bolt 1 increases, and the nut 2a becomes difficult to rotate. Further, the engagement of both ends of the pin 3a with the outer peripheral side surface of the nut 2a limits the movement of the nut 2a and suppresses the rotation. Due to the above effect, the fixture of the present invention can prevent the nut from loosening after fastening.

The through hole can have a free shape as long as the strength of the shaft portion is guaranteed and the bolt usage conditions are met. By making the shape of the through hole a rectangle along the long axis direction of the shaft when the through hole is viewed in the through direction, it is possible to fasten various fastening objects having different thicknesses with the same fixture. It is preferable because it can be done. The rectangle also includes a rounded rectangle with rounded four corners.

The pin may have a shape such as a non-bent cylinder or a prism. In that case, in order to prevent the nut from loosening during use, the thickness of the object to be fastened is adjusted so that the through hole is located directly under the nut after tightening (opposite the surface that contacts the bolt head). Use bolts. By making the pin a material and shape that can be deformed by the force of a human hand, one pin can be used for both the purpose of preventing rotation when fastening and loosening the fixture and preventing loosening after fastening. You can also do it.

When used for the purpose of preventing rotation, the pin must be rigid enough not to be plastically deformed by the rotational force exerted on the bolt by the nut that is rotated for fastening or loosening. Further, when it is used to prevent loosening, it needs elasticity that deforms according to the thickness of the object to be fastened and tries to restore the shape against the deformation. Therefore, by selecting a pin having a predetermined rigidity and elasticity, one pin can be used for both the purpose of rotating and preventing loosening.

The end of the pin that engages with the outer peripheral side surface of the nut may have a shape that is bent before engagement, or may not be bent before use and may be bent when engaged with the nut. The method of bending a pin that is not bent before use when engaging with a nut is when the relationship between the nut fastening position and the through hole position is not constant, such as fixing objects to be fastened with various thicknesses. The adhesion between the end of the pin and the side surface of the nut can be improved. Thereby, the effect of suppressing the rotation of the nut can be further enhanced.

FIG. 3A is a view taken along the arrow B in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the central axis of the bolt. Since the pin 3a is bent before being inserted into the through hole 7, the pin 3a is inserted at an angle with respect to the long axis direction of the bolt 1 so that the pin 3a can easily pass through the through hole 7. You may. In that case, the pin 3a is tilted so that it can be inserted into the through hole 7, and after the central portion of the pin 3a is inserted into the through hole 7, the end portion of the pin 3a is directed toward the nut 2a and is inserted into the nut 2a. Engage.

A procedure for disassembling the fastening object 9 by relaxing the nut 2a will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4A is a side view of the fixture 8 into which the pin 3b for preventing rotation is inserted, and FIG. 4B is a plan view of the head side from the tip end side of the bolt. In the case of relaxation, as in the case of fastening, if there is sufficient space on both the head side and the shaft portion side of the bolt 1 to perform the fastening work, fit the head of the bolt 1 to the spanner. The nut 2a is fitted with another spanner, and the head of the bolt 1 and the nut 2a are separated by rotating the nut 2a around the central axis of the shaft portion in the relaxation direction Da, so that the two fastening objects 9 are separated from each other. It will be dismantled.

If there is not enough space on the bolt head side for inserting tools or hands to perform the fastening work, it is necessary to rotate the nut 2a from the shaft portion side of the bolt 1 in the loosening direction. In the case of a fixture that has been used for a long period of time, the bolt and nut, or the fixture and the object to be fastened are often fixed. In such a case, with a general bolt, even if only the nut is rotated without fixing the bolt head side, the bolt tends to rotate. On the other hand, the fixture of the present invention inserts a rod-shaped pin 3b having a certain rigidity into the through hole provided in the bolt 1 and suppresses the pin 3b when the nut 2a is rotated in the relaxation direction Da. The rotation of the bolt 1 can be prevented through this. As a result, when the nut 2a is loosened, the nut 2a can be removed without rotating the bolt 1. When suppressing the movement of the pin 3b in order to prevent the rotation of the bolt 1, a tool may be used or the pin 3b may be directly suppressed by hand.

Many of the known fixtures having a loosening prevention function are firmly fixed, and once the loosening prevention function is exerted, it is often difficult to loosen the fixture again to disassemble the object to be fastened. On the other hand, in the fixture of the present invention, since the pin for preventing loosening and the pin for preventing rotation can be inserted and removed, each function can be repeated and used many times according to the purpose.

As described above, the shape of the pin can be freely selected as long as it can be inserted into and removed from the through hole, and a portion thereof may have a protrusion or a coil shape. ..
An example of the shape of the pin is shown in FIG. The pin 3a is a plate-shaped pin used for the fixture shown as one embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 3, and the pin 3b is a rod-shaped pin shown in FIG. The pin 3c is bent at the center in the long axis direction of the pin, and the bent portion at the center of the pin comes into contact with the bottom surface in the through hole and receives a force from the nut at the contact point.

The pin 3d is provided with a protrusion for mounting on the mounting hole 10 (see FIG. 8) in the through hole of the bolt shaft portion at the central bending portion of the pin 3c, and by inserting the protrusion into the mounting hole, the pin 3d is provided. The pin engages the nut in an appropriate position, preventing the pin and nut from shifting or falling out of the through hole. The pin 3e can support the nut by contacting not only the outer peripheral side surface of the nut but also the bottom surface immediately below the outer peripheral side surface, which is effective in preventing the nut from loosening. The pin 3f has the shape of a coil spring in the central portion thereof, and by inserting the coil portion into the mounting hole in the through hole, the pin 3f has the same effect as the pin 3d. The pin 3g can come into contact with the bottom surface of the nut, and since the portion of the coil spring that comes into contact with the through hole has a linear shape, it is easy to stabilize in the through hole, and there is a mounting hole for mounting the pin in the through hole. Even without it, the misalignment of the pin and nut and the falling of the pin from the through hole are suppressed.

The various pins may have a circular or polygonal cross-sectional shape as long as they have a certain degree of elasticity and rigidity. These pins may be created by the operator by bending a straight pin when fastening the fixture. The pin material can be freely selected from steel such as stainless steel, resin, wood, bamboo, and the like.

When loosening the fastened fixture, the loosening prevention pin may be replaced with a rotation prevention pin, or the end of the pin engaged with the nut may be replaced with a hand or tool. It may be used as a pin to prevent rotation by removing it from the nut and straightening it.

A streak-shaped groove may be provided on the outer peripheral side surface of the nut, and the depth and width of the groove can be freely selected. FIG. 6 is an example of a nut having a groove on the outer peripheral side surface. FIG. 6A is a side view of the nut 2b having a groove formed on the outer peripheral side surface in the same direction as the rotation axis of the nut, and FIG. 6B is a DD of the nut 2b in FIG. 6A. 'It is a cross-sectional view. Further, FIG. 6 (c) is a side view of the nut 2c in which a groove is formed on the outer peripheral side surface of the nut in a direction inclined to the left with respect to the rotation axis of the nut, and FIG. 6 (d) is a side view of FIG. 6 (d). It is EE'cross-sectional view of the nut 2c in c).

FIG. 7 is a side view of nuts 2b and 2c having a groove on the outer peripheral side surface and a pin 3h for preventing loosening of the thickness at which the tip is caught in the groove. FIG. 7A is a fixture using a nut 2b, and FIG. 7B is a fixture using a nut 2c. By providing a groove on the outer peripheral side surface of the nut like the nut 2b and the nut 2c, the loosening prevention pin 3h attached after the nut is fastened is caught in the groove to lock the nut, thereby suppressing the rotation of the nut. It becomes difficult to loosen. Further, like the nut 2c, by providing a groove on the outer peripheral side surface in a direction inclined to the left with respect to the rotation axis of the nut, when the nut tries to rotate in the relaxation direction (counterclockwise), the nut is changed from the pin to the nut. On the other hand, an upward force acts on the locking portion, which contributes to prevention of loosening.
As the side surface shape of the pin for preventing loosening, for example, the shape of various pins shown in FIG. 5 can be selected. Further, the shape of the loosening prevention pin when viewed in the long axis direction may be an elongated plate shape or a cylindrical shape, or a minute protrusion that is caught in the groove of the nut may be provided only at both ends of the pin. Good.

As the shape of the through hole, various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a rounded rectangle, a square, a rectangle, and another polygon can be selected when the through hole is viewed in the through direction. Further, a mounting hole 10 (see FIG. 8) for accommodating a protrusion or a coil portion provided at the center of the pin may be provided inside the through hole.

The number of through holes is not limited to one, and may be two or more. For example, in the shaft portion of the bolt, a through hole for inserting a pin for preventing loosening may be provided near the center of the shaft portion, and one through hole for preventing rotation may be further provided above and below the through hole. As a result, when starting the nut screwing to the bolt, a pin for preventing rotation is inserted into the through hole on the bolt head side to start screwing the nut while preventing the bolt from rotating, and the nut is started. When the nut is screwed close to the object to be fastened, the nut can be fastened while preventing the rotation by using the through hole on the tip end side of the bolt. After that, the pin for preventing rotation can be pulled out, the pin for preventing loosening can be inserted into the through hole at the center of the shaft portion, and the pin can be engaged with the nut. In this way, by providing a plurality of through holes and using pins according to the purpose, the position where the nut is rotated and the position where the pin is held for fixing the bolt are separated, so that workability can be improved. it can. Further, the pin for preventing rotation can be provided with sufficient rigidity, the pin for preventing loosening can be provided with an optimum elastic force, and the shape can be optimized.

Although the fixture of the present invention has been described above based on the drawings and the like, the configuration of the present invention is not limited to this.

Since the fixture of the present invention can prevent the nut from loosening after fastening and prevent the bolt and nut from rotating during fastening or loosening, fixing for fixing various fastening objects. Can be widely used as a tool.

1 Volt 2a ~ 2c Nut 3a ~ 3h Pin 4 Head 5 Shaft 6 Thread 7 Through hole 8 Fixture 9 Fastening object 10 Mounting hole

Claims (3)

A fixture consisting of bolts, nuts, and pins.
The bolt is composed of a head, a shaft portion, and a threaded portion on the surface of the shaft portion.
The shaft portion is provided with a through hole that penetrates the shaft portion in a direction intersecting the major axis thereof.
The pin is a bent plate-shaped elastic body that can be inserted and removed from the through hole.
The pin inserted into the through hole acts as a leaf spring to press the nut toward the object to be fastened, and both ends engage with the outer peripheral side surface of the nut to move the nut. Limit and
The through hole is a rectangle in which the cross-sectional shape of the shaft portion in the long axis direction is along the longitudinal direction in the long axis direction.
A fixture characterized in that the central portion of the pin inserted into the through hole comes into contact with the bottom surface, which is the surface of the through hole on the tip end side of the shaft portion of the bolt. The fixture according to claim 1, wherein a streak-shaped groove is provided on the outer peripheral side surface of the nut. The fixture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shaft portion of the bolt is provided with two or more through holes.

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