JP6862975B2 - bathroom - Google Patents

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JP6862975B2
JP6862975B2 JP2017056443A JP2017056443A JP6862975B2 JP 6862975 B2 JP6862975 B2 JP 6862975B2 JP 2017056443 A JP2017056443 A JP 2017056443A JP 2017056443 A JP2017056443 A JP 2017056443A JP 6862975 B2 JP6862975 B2 JP 6862975B2
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drainage
water
groove
recess
water retention
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JP2018159218A (en
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裕典 小田切
裕典 小田切
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Toto Ltd
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Toto Ltd
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Description

本発明の態様は、一般的に、浴室に関する。 Aspects of the present invention generally relate to bathrooms.

従来より、特許文献1のように、洗い場床面に様々な柄を持たせやすくするよう、洗い場床面に表皮を被せた洗い場床が知られている。 Conventionally, as in Patent Document 1, a washing place floor in which a washing place floor surface is covered with a skin is known so as to make it easy to have various patterns on the washing place floor surface.

特開2009−28265号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-28265

しかし、表皮は排水凹部の周縁部で切断されているため、表皮の排水溝の下流端には、表面張力の影響により残水が生じやすい。 However, since the epidermis is cut at the peripheral edge of the drainage recess, residual water is likely to occur at the downstream end of the drainage groove of the epidermis due to the influence of surface tension.

本発明は、かかる課題の認識に基づいてなされたものであり、排水凹部周縁部の残水を抑制することができる浴室を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made based on the recognition of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a bathroom capable of suppressing residual water in the peripheral portion of a drainage recess.

第1の発明は、洗い場床と、前記洗い場床に連続し、排水口を有する排水凹部と、を備え、前記洗い場床は、基材と、前記基材の上面に設けられた表面材と、を有し、前記基材は、前記排水凹部の周縁部に上方に突出する堰部を有し、前記表面材は、上面に前記排水凹部側の端部まで延び、前記上面の水を前記排水凹部側へ排水するための複数の排水溝を有し、前記表面材の前記排水凹部側の端面を前記堰部と所定距離離間させることで前記表面材の端部と前記堰部との間に保水溝を形成し、前記排水溝から流入した水の流れが前記堰部に遮られることで水を前記保水溝に保水できるように構成され、前記堰部は、前記保水溝に保水されている水を前記排水凹部に排出するための排出溝を有し、前記堰部は、前記表面材の前記排水凹部側の前記端部の前記排水溝の底面よりも上方まで延びていることを特徴とする浴室である。 The first invention includes a washing place floor and a drainage recess which is continuous with the washing place floor and has a drainage port, and the washing place floor includes a base material and a surface material provided on the upper surface of the base material. The base material has a dam portion that projects upward on the peripheral edge of the drainage recess, the surface material extends to the end on the drainage recess side on the upper surface, and the water on the upper surface is drained. It has a plurality of drainage grooves for draining to the recess side, and by separating the end surface of the surface material on the drain recess side from the dam portion by a predetermined distance, between the end portion of the surface material and the dam portion. A water retention groove is formed, and the flow of water flowing from the drainage groove is blocked by the dam portion so that water can be retained in the water retention groove, and the dam portion is retained in the water retention groove. It has a drainage groove for draining water to the drainage recess, and the dam portion extends above the bottom surface of the drainage groove at the end portion of the surface material on the drainage recess side. It is a bathroom to drain.

この浴室によれば、保水溝に保水された水によって排水溝の水が引き込まれやすくなるため、排水溝の下流端に水が残留し続けることを防止できる。保水溝内の水は排出溝を通じて排水凹部に流れるため、保水溝に水が残留し続けることもないため、排水凹部周囲の残水を抑制することもできる。 According to this bathroom, the water retained in the drainage ditch is likely to be drawn in by the water retained in the drainage ditch, so that it is possible to prevent the water from continuing to remain at the downstream end of the drainage ditch. Since the water in the water retention groove flows to the drainage recess through the drainage groove, the water does not continue to remain in the water retention groove, so that the residual water around the drainage recess can be suppressed.

第2発明は、第1の発明において、前記堰部の上端は、前記表面材の前記排水凹部側の前記端部の凸部の上面よりも下方となるよう形成されている浴室である。 A second invention is a bathroom in which the upper end of the weir portion is formed so as to be lower than the upper surface of the convex portion of the end portion on the drainage concave portion side of the surface material in the first invention.

この浴室によれば、大量の水の排水時に堰部が排水の妨げとなることを大幅に抑制できる。 According to this bathroom, it is possible to significantly prevent the weir from obstructing the drainage when a large amount of water is drained.

第3の発明は、第1または第2の発明において、前記排出溝は、前記保水溝の底面よりも下方まで延びている浴室である。 A third invention is a bathroom in which the discharge groove extends below the bottom surface of the water retention groove in the first or second invention.

この浴室によれば、保水溝から排出溝への水の排出性能を高めることができる。 According to this bathroom, it is possible to improve the drainage performance of water from the water retention groove to the discharge groove.

本発明の態様によれば、排水凹部周縁部の残水を抑制することができる浴室が提供される。 According to the aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bathroom capable of suppressing residual water in the peripheral portion of the drainage recess.

本発明の実施の形態にかかる浴室の洗い場床の模式的平面図である。It is a schematic plan view of the washroom floor of the bathroom which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本実施形態にかかる洗い場床の構造を表す模式的断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the washing place floor which concerns on this embodiment. 図1におけるA部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the part A in FIG. 図3におけるB部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the part B in FIG. (a)は図4におけるA−A断面図であり、(b)は図4におけるB−B断面図である。(A) is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 4, and FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 本実施形態にかかる洗い場床の作用を説明するための模式的断面図である。It is a schematic cross-sectional view for demonstrating the operation of the washing place floor which concerns on this embodiment.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、各図面中、同様の構成要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明は適宜省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, similar components are designated by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

図1は、本発明の実施の形態にかかる浴室の洗い場床1の模式的平面図である。 FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a bathroom washroom floor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

実施形態に係る浴室は、洗い場床1と、洗い場床1に連続し、排水口5を有する排水凹部2とを備える。洗い場床1の側方には、図示しない浴槽が配置されている。洗い場床1は、全体としては浅底のパン形状に形成されている。 The bathroom according to the embodiment includes a washing place floor 1 and a drainage recess 2 which is continuous with the washing place floor 1 and has a drainage port 5. A bathtub (not shown) is arranged on the side of the washing floor 1. The washing floor 1 is formed in the shape of a bread with a shallow bottom as a whole.

洗い場床1の表面には排水凹部2が最も低くなるように排水勾配がつけられ、洗い場床1の表面上の水は排水勾配に沿って流れ、排水凹部2に集水される。具体的には、洗い場床1の表面には、それぞれ排水方向の異なる複数の勾配面が形成されている。各勾配面は、排水凹部2に向かって下り傾斜になっている。さらに、勾配面は、隣り合う勾配面と勾配面との間に谷として形成された稜線に向かっても下り傾斜となっている。各勾配面上の水は、排水凹部2及び稜線に向かって流れる。稜線自体も排水凹部2に向かって下り傾斜となっており、稜線に流れ込んだ水は稜線に沿って排水凹部2へと流れる。 A drainage gradient is provided on the surface of the washing place floor 1 so that the drainage recess 2 is the lowest, and water on the surface of the washing place floor 1 flows along the drainage gradient and is collected in the drainage recess 2. Specifically, a plurality of sloped surfaces having different drainage directions are formed on the surface of the washing place floor 1. Each slope surface is inclined downward toward the drainage recess 2. Further, the slope surface also has a downward slope toward the ridgeline formed as a valley between the adjacent slope surfaces. The water on each slope flows toward the drainage recess 2 and the ridgeline. The ridgeline itself also has a downward slope toward the drainage recess 2, and the water flowing into the ridgeline flows to the drainage recess 2 along the ridgeline.

図2は、本実施形態にかかる洗い場床1の構造を表す模式的断面図である。 FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the washing floor 1 according to the present embodiment.

洗い場床1は、支持体11と、基材13と、クッション層12と、表面材14と、を備える。基材13の周囲には、図示しない浴室ユニットの壁材を載置可能な壁載せ部材7が設けられている。支持体11は、長さ調整可能な支持脚112を有する。 The washing floor 1 includes a support 11, a base material 13, a cushion layer 12, and a surface material 14. A wall-mounting member 7 on which a wall material of a bathroom unit (not shown) can be placed is provided around the base material 13. The support 11 has a length-adjustable support leg 112.

基材13は、支持体11の上に設けられている。クッション層12は、基材13の上に設けられ、基材13のクッション性(弾性)よりも高いクッション性を有する。表面材14は、クッション層12の上に設けられ、クッション層12の硬度よりも高い硬度を有する。 The base material 13 is provided on the support 11. The cushion layer 12 is provided on the base material 13 and has a cushioning property higher than the cushioning property (elasticity) of the base material 13. The surface material 14 is provided on the cushion layer 12 and has a hardness higher than the hardness of the cushion layer 12.

図1に示すように、洗い場床1の概形は略矩形状に形成され、一対の長辺部4a、4bを有する。排水凹部2は、一方の長辺部4b側に寄って配置されている。洗い場床1の表面において、排水凹部2の周縁部のうちの他方の長辺部4a側に位置する縁部2a近傍の領域が最も低くなっている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the approximate shape of the washroom floor 1 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape and has a pair of long side portions 4a and 4b. The drainage recess 2 is arranged closer to one long side portion 4b side. On the surface of the washing place floor 1, the region near the edge portion 2a located on the other long side portion 4a side of the peripheral edge portion of the drainage recess 2 is the lowest.

図3は、図1におけるA部の拡大図である。
図4は、図3におけるB部の拡大図である。図4は、洗い場床1の表面において最も低くなっている領域を表す。
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. FIG. 4 represents the lowest region on the surface of the washroom floor 1.

図5(a)は、図4におけるA−A断面図であり、図5(b)は、図4におけるB−B断面図である。なお、図5(a)及び(b)において、図2に示すクッション層12の図示は省略している。 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. In addition, in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the cushion layer 12 shown in FIG. 2 is not shown.

表面材14は、洗い場床1の表面を構成する。その表面材14の上面には、図3、4に示すように、複数の凸部21と複数の排水溝22が形成されている。凸部21及び排水溝22は表面材14の表面全体にわたって形成されている。 The surface material 14 constitutes the surface of the washing floor 1. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a plurality of convex portions 21 and a plurality of drainage grooves 22 are formed on the upper surface of the surface material 14. The convex portion 21 and the drainage groove 22 are formed over the entire surface of the surface material 14.

複数の排水溝22は、凸部21の周囲を囲むように例えば格子状に形成されている。排水凹部2に向かう方向に延びた排水溝22は、表面材14における排水凹部2側の端部まで延びている。複数の排水溝22は途切れることなく連続している。これら排水溝22を通じて、凸部21の間に流れ込んだ水を排水凹部2まで途切れることなくゆっくりと排水することが可能となっている。 The plurality of drainage grooves 22 are formed, for example, in a grid pattern so as to surround the periphery of the convex portion 21. The drainage groove 22 extending in the direction toward the drainage recess 2 extends to the end of the surface material 14 on the drainage recess 2 side. The plurality of drainage ditches 22 are continuous without interruption. Through these drainage grooves 22, the water that has flowed between the convex portions 21 can be slowly drained to the drainage recess 2 without interruption.

図5(a)及び(b)に示すように、基材13は、基材本体15と排水ピット16とを有する。排水ピット16は排水凹部2に嵌め込まれている。図5(a)及び(b)では、基材本体15と排水ピット16が別体の例を表すが、基材本体15と排水ピット16は一体に形成されていてもよい。 As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the base material 13 has a base material body 15 and a drainage pit 16. The drainage pit 16 is fitted in the drainage recess 2. In FIGS. 5A and 5B, the base material main body 15 and the drainage pit 16 are separate examples, but the base material main body 15 and the drainage pit 16 may be integrally formed.

排水ピット16における排水凹部2の周縁部には、上方に突出する堰部17が設けられている。排水凹部2の周縁部における少なくとも図1に示す縁部2a側に、堰部17が設けられている。 A weir portion 17 projecting upward is provided on the peripheral edge of the drainage recess 2 in the drainage pit 16. A weir portion 17 is provided at least on the edge portion 2a side shown in FIG. 1 at the peripheral edge portion of the drainage recess 2.

堰部17は、表面材14の排水凹部2側の端部における排水溝22の底面22aよりも上方まで延びている。堰部17の上端17aは、表面材14の排水凹部2側の端部における凸部21の上面21aよりも下方となるよう形成されている。 The weir portion 17 extends above the bottom surface 22a of the drainage groove 22 at the end of the surface material 14 on the drainage recess 2 side. The upper end 17a of the weir portion 17 is formed so as to be lower than the upper surface 21a of the convex portion 21 at the end portion of the surface material 14 on the drainage recess 2 side.

表面材14の排水凹部2側の端面14aを堰部17と所定距離離間させることで、表面材14の端部と堰部17との間に保水溝18を形成している。表面材14の排水溝22から流入した水の流れが堰部17に遮られることで水を保水溝18に保水できるように構成される。 By separating the end surface 14a of the surface material 14 on the drainage recess 2 side from the weir portion 17 by a predetermined distance, a water retention groove 18 is formed between the end portion of the surface material 14 and the weir portion 17. The flow of water flowing from the drainage groove 22 of the surface material 14 is blocked by the weir portion 17, so that the water can be retained in the water retention groove 18.

堰部17は、図3、図4、および図5(b)に示すように、保水溝18に保水されている水を排水凹部2に排出するための排出溝19を有する。排出溝19は、保水溝18の底面よりも下方まで延びている。排出溝19は保水溝18とつながっている。 As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 (b), the weir portion 17 has a discharge groove 19 for discharging the water retained in the water retention groove 18 to the drainage recess 2. The discharge groove 19 extends below the bottom surface of the water retention groove 18. The discharge groove 19 is connected to the water retention groove 18.

堰部17および保水溝18は、排水凹部2の前述した図1に示す縁部2aに沿って連続している。排出溝19は、堰部17および保水溝18の延在方向に対して直交している。図3に示すように、例えば2つの排出溝19が、堰部17および保水溝18の延在方向に離間して配置されている。 The weir portion 17 and the water retention groove 18 are continuous along the edge portion 2a shown in FIG. 1 described above for the drainage recess 2. The discharge groove 19 is orthogonal to the extending direction of the weir portion 17 and the water retention groove 18. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, two discharge grooves 19 are arranged apart from each other in the extending direction of the weir portion 17 and the water retention groove 18.

図6は、本実施形態にかかる洗い場床1の作用を説明するための模式的断面図である。 FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the washing floor 1 according to the present embodiment.

本実施形態にかかる洗い場床1によれば、表面材14の上面上の水は、排水溝22に流れ込み、その排水溝22内で連続した一時保水状態とされ、その状態を維持しつつ、前述した排水勾配により排水凹部2に向かって流れる。 According to the washing place floor 1 according to the present embodiment, the water on the upper surface of the surface material 14 flows into the drainage ditch 22 and is in a continuous temporary water retention state in the drainage ditch 22, and while maintaining that state, the above-mentioned It flows toward the drainage recess 2 due to the drainage gradient.

そして、水の流れが堰部17に遮られることで水100を保水溝18に保水できる。これにより、排水速度(排水性)が抑えられ、排水溝22の下流側を流れる水が早期に途切れてしまうことを抑制できる。この結果、排水溝22内で連続した水の一時保水状態を作り出すことができ、排水溝22内の水を排出溝19を通じて排水凹部2まで途切れることなくゆっくりと少しずつ流下させることができる。 Then, the water 100 can be retained in the water retention groove 18 by blocking the flow of water by the weir portion 17. As a result, the drainage speed (drainage property) can be suppressed, and it is possible to prevent the water flowing downstream of the drainage ditch 22 from being interrupted at an early stage. As a result, a continuous temporary water retention state can be created in the drainage ditch 22, and the water in the drainage ditch 22 can be slowly and gradually flowed down to the drainage recess 2 through the drainage ditch 19.

また、保水溝18に保水された水によって排水溝22の水が引き込まれやすくなるため、排水溝22の下流端に水が残留し続けることを防止できる。保水溝18内の水は排出溝19を通じて排水凹部2に流れるため、保水溝18に水が残留し続けることもないため、排水凹部2周囲の残水を抑制することもできる。 Further, since the water retained in the water retention groove 18 is likely to be drawn in by the water in the drainage groove 22, it is possible to prevent the water from continuing to remain at the downstream end of the drainage groove 22. Since the water in the water retention groove 18 flows to the drainage recess 2 through the drainage groove 19, the water does not continue to remain in the water retention groove 18, so that the residual water around the drainage recess 2 can be suppressed.

表面材14の上面上から排水凹部2へと水が連続してつながる一時保水状態が確実に維持されるようにし(排水凹部2まで通じる連続流水網が途中で途切れず)、表面材14の上面や排水凹部2の周辺に取り残されてしまう残水の発生を抑制できる。この残水が少量であれば自然乾燥で翌日までには十分乾く。 Make sure that the temporary water retention state in which water is continuously connected from the upper surface of the surface material 14 to the drainage recess 2 is maintained (the continuous water network leading to the drainage recess 2 is not interrupted in the middle), and the upper surface of the surface material 14 is not interrupted. And the generation of residual water left behind in the drainage recess 2 can be suppressed. If this residual water is small, it will be naturally dried and will be sufficiently dried by the next day.

堰部17の上端17aは、表面材14の排水凹部2側の端部の凸部21の上面21aよりも下方となるよう、堰部17の高さを制限している。そのため、浴室使用中における大量の水の排水時には、堰部17は排水の妨げとならない。 The height of the weir portion 17 is limited so that the upper end 17a of the weir portion 17 is lower than the upper surface 21a of the convex portion 21 at the end of the surface material 14 on the drainage recess 2 side. Therefore, when a large amount of water is drained while using the bathroom, the weir portion 17 does not interfere with the drainage.

排出溝19の下端が、保水溝18の底面と同じ高さであれば、保水溝18に保水された水は排出溝19を通じて排水凹部2に流れることができる。本実施形態のように、排出溝19が保水溝18の底面よりも下方まで延びる構成とすると、保水溝18に保水されている水が排出溝19へ流れやすくすることができ、保水溝18から排出溝19への水の排出性能を高めることができる。 If the lower end of the drainage groove 19 is at the same height as the bottom surface of the water retention groove 18, the water retained in the water retention groove 18 can flow to the drainage recess 2 through the discharge groove 19. When the discharge groove 19 extends below the bottom surface of the water retention groove 18 as in the present embodiment, the water retained in the water retention groove 18 can be easily flowed to the discharge groove 19, and the water is easily flowed from the water retention groove 18. The performance of discharging water to the discharge groove 19 can be improved.

図3、図4に示すように、排出溝19は、排水凹部2に向かって(図3、図4において横方向に)延びる排水溝22の延長線上から外れた位置に位置する。排出溝19は、凸部21に対向する位置に形成されている。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the drainage groove 19 is located at a position off the extension line of the drainage groove 22 extending toward the drainage recess 2 (laterally in FIGS. 3 and 4). The discharge groove 19 is formed at a position facing the convex portion 21.

このため、排水溝22から排出溝19に直接向かう水の流れを抑制でき、保水溝18での水の一時保水を妨げない。 Therefore, the flow of water directly from the drainage ditch 22 to the drainage ditch 19 can be suppressed, and the temporary water retention of water in the water retention ditch 18 is not hindered.

保水溝18内の水が最後に残水しづらくするために、図5及び図6に示すように、保水溝18の底面は排出凹部2に向かって下り傾斜している。 As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the bottom surface of the water retention groove 18 is inclined downward toward the discharge recess 2 so that the water in the water retention groove 18 is unlikely to remain at the end.

また、排出溝19内の水が排出されやすくなるように、図5(b)に示すように、排出溝19の底面も排出凹部2に向かって下り傾斜している。 Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, the bottom surface of the discharge groove 19 is also inclined downward toward the discharge recess 2 so that the water in the discharge groove 19 can be easily discharged.

以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明した。しかし、本発明はこれらの記述に限定されるものではない。前述の実施の形態に関して、当業者が適宜設計変更を加えたものも、本発明の特徴を備えている限り、本発明の範囲に包含される。
また、前述した各実施の形態が備える各要素は、技術的に可能な限りにおいて組み合わせることができ、これらを組み合わせたものも本発明の特徴を含む限り本発明の範囲に包含される。
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to these descriptions. With respect to the above-described embodiment, those skilled in the art with appropriate design changes are also included in the scope of the present invention as long as they have the features of the present invention.
In addition, the elements included in each of the above-described embodiments can be combined as much as technically possible, and the combination thereof is also included in the scope of the present invention as long as the features of the present invention are included.

1 洗い場床、 2 排水凹部、 5 排水口、 13 基材、 14 表面材、 17 堰部、 18 保水溝、 19 排出溝、 22 排水溝 1 Washroom floor, 2 Drainage recess, 5 Drainage port, 13 Base material, 14 Surface material, 17 Weir, 18 Water retention ditch, 19 Drainage ditch, 22 Drainage ditch

Claims (3)

洗い場床と、
前記洗い場床に連続し、排水口を有する排水凹部と、を備え、
前記洗い場床は、
基材と、
前記基材の上面に設けられた表面材と、を有し、
前記基材は、
前記排水凹部の周縁部に上方に突出する堰部を有し、
前記表面材は、
上面に前記排水凹部側の端部まで延び、前記上面の水を前記排水凹部側へ排水するための複数の排水溝を有し、
前記表面材の前記排水凹部側の端面を前記堰部と所定距離離間させることで前記表面材の端部と前記堰部との間に保水溝を形成し、前記排水溝から流入した水の流れが前記堰部に遮られることで水を前記保水溝に保水できるように構成され、
前記堰部は、前記保水溝に保水されている水を前記排水凹部に排出するための排出溝を有し、
前記堰部は、前記表面材の前記排水凹部側の前記端部の前記排水溝の底面よりも上方まで延びていることを特徴とする浴室。
Washing floor and
A drainage recess having a drainage port, which is continuous with the washing floor, is provided.
The washroom floor
With the base material
It has a surface material provided on the upper surface of the base material and
The base material is
It has a weir portion that projects upward at the peripheral edge of the drainage recess
The surface material is
The upper surface has a plurality of drainage grooves extending to the end on the drainage recess side and draining the water on the upper surface to the drainage recess side.
By separating the end surface of the surface material on the drainage recess side from the weir portion by a predetermined distance, a water retention groove is formed between the end portion of the surface material and the weir portion, and the flow of water flowing in from the drainage groove is formed. Is configured to be able to retain water in the water retention groove by being blocked by the weir portion.
The weir portion has a discharge groove for discharging the water retained in the water retention groove to the drainage recess.
The bathroom is characterized in that the weir portion extends above the bottom surface of the drainage groove at the end portion of the surface material on the drainage recess side.
前記堰部の上端は、前記表面材の前記排水凹部側の前記端部の凸部の上面よりも下方となるよう形成されている請求項1記載の浴室。 The bathroom according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the weir portion is formed so as to be lower than the upper surface of the convex portion of the end portion on the drainage concave side side of the surface material. 前記排出溝は、前記保水溝の底面よりも下方まで延びている請求項1または2に記載の浴室。 The bathroom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the discharge groove extends below the bottom surface of the water retention groove.
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