JP6858361B2 - A method for producing a defibrated product of a natural fibrous material and a method for producing a composite cotton-like material of the defibrated product and a cotton-like defibrated product. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention provides a defibrated material of a natural fiber material used as a raw material for a wood mat or a lightweight molded product, a composite cotton-like material using the defibrated material, and a mat material having high heat insulation performance and excellent shape retention. It is about the provision of.

Traditionally, regional timber has been mainly used for sawn timber, pulp and paper using fibers, plywood and fiberboard, but the quantity of regional timber used is decreasing due to changes in social structure and the degree of sufficiency. Therefore, the momentum to use regional woody biomass for new fields is increasing significantly.
Conventionally, it has been known that wet heat treatment is effective for obtaining fibers from biomass, but in this technology, it is necessary to grind while heating in a wet state, and water coexists. Fiber cannot be obtained without heating in the above, the work process takes time, the manufacturing equipment becomes large, and it is necessary to use a large amount of industrial water and take measures against pollution.
Further, in order to obtain fibers from woody biomass, fibers are obtained by immersing in an aqueous solution of caustic soda and eluting lignin, which is a binder component firmly bound to wood, with an alkaline solution.
The reason for such wet treatment is that it is necessary to chemically defibrate the woody biomass by impregnating the tissue with the solution.
Furthermore, since the structure of wood is very strong, it is solidified with dry ice and then crushed, that is, the structure is fragile and then defibrated.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-026474 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-167871 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-052179

Further, conventional dry crushing means include a cutter mill (cutting method), a hammer mill (crushing), an impact mill (impact crushing), a roller mill (crushing) and the like.
However, these conventional dry pulverizations cannot obtain fibers having a high aspect ratio, light weight, and excellent heat insulating performance from woody biomass.
On the other hand, there are the above-mentioned beating method and the wet method by the crushing method by grinding, but the fiber cannot be obtained unless the water coexists, the work process takes time, and the manufacturing equipment becomes large-scale. It requires a large amount of industrial use and pollution control.

Due to the various problems described above, it is expected to provide a simple dry method capable of effectively extracting biomass fibers (fibrous defibrated products) from woody biomass at low cost.

The present inventors have solved the above problems by the following means.
[1] After adjusting the natural fiber material to a water content of 20 to 30%, it is dry-ground by using a dry fiber defibrator equipped with a scraping blade to obtain a fiber diameter of 1 to 600 μm and a fiber length of 0.1 to 50 mm. 0 binders or heat-sealed fibers were added to 100 parts by weight of the defibrated product of the natural fiber material obtained in the first step of obtaining the defibrated product of the natural fiber material having an aspect ratio of 10 to 60. A method for producing a matte material having high heat insulation performance and excellent shape retention, which comprises a second step of adding 1 to 30 parts by weight and heating at room temperature to 250 ° C. without pressurization.
[2] After adjusting the natural fiber material to a water content of 20 to 30%, it is subjected to dry grinding by using a dry fiber defibrator equipped with a scraping blade to obtain a fiber diameter of 1 to 600 μm and a fiber length of 0.1 to 50 mm. 0 binders or heat-sealed fibers were added to 100 parts by weight of the defibrated product of the natural fiber material obtained in the first step of obtaining the defibrated product of the natural fiber material having an aspect ratio of 10 to 60. A method for producing a lightweight and high-strength molded product, which comprises a second step of adding 1 to 30 parts by weight, pressurizing at 1 to 50 Mpa, and heating at room temperature to 250 ° C.
[3] To 100 parts by weight of the natural fiber material adjusted to have a water content of 20 to 30%, 25 to 400 parts by weight of paper material is simultaneously added to adjust the water content to 20 to 30%, and then a scraping blade. the dry milling over the dry fiberizer having a fiber diameter of 10 to 500 [mu] m, and a fiber length of 1.0 to 10 mm, the solution of defibrated material and flocculent natural fibrous material having an aspect ratio 10-50 defibrated material To 100 parts by weight of the composite cotton-like material obtained in the first step and the same step of obtaining the composite cotton-like material , 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a binder or heat-sealing fiber was added, and no pressure was applied. A method for producing a matte material having high heat insulation performance and excellent shape retention, which comprises a second step of heating at room temperature to 250 ° C.
[4] To 100 parts by weight of the natural fiber material adjusted to have a water content of 20 to 30%, 25 to 400 parts by weight of paper material is simultaneously added to adjust the water content to 20 to 30%, and then a scraping blade. the dry milling over the dry fiberizer having a fiber diameter of 10 to 500 [mu] m, and a fiber length of 1.0 to 10 mm, the solution of defibrated material and flocculent natural fibrous material having an aspect ratio 10-50 defibrated material To 100 parts by weight of the composite cotton-like material obtained in the first step and the same step of obtaining the composite cotton-like material , 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a binder or a heat-sealing fiber was added, and the content was 1 to 50 Mpa. A method for producing a lightweight and high-strength molded product, which comprises a second step of pressurizing and heating at room temperature to 250 ° C.
[5] After adjusting the natural fibrous material to a water content of 20 to 30%, the natural fibrous material is subjected to dry grinding by using a dry fiber defibrator equipped with a scraping blade to obtain a fiber diameter of 1 to 600 μm and a fiber length of 0.1 to 50 mm. a first step of obtaining a fibrillation of natural fibrous material having an aspect ratio of 10 to 60, and sieved resulting fibrillated product in the first step, the defibration of the long groups of fiber length a second step of separating the fibrillation of a short group fiber length, fibrillation of a short group fiber length with respect to the opener was 100 parts by weight of a long group of fiber length obtained in the second step Add and mix 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, pressurize at 1 to 50 Mpa, heat at room temperature to 250 ° C., and solve the short fiber length group without adding binders or heat-sealed fibers. method for producing a molded article of lightweight, high strength lignin as a binder component, comprising the third step of Ru is melted and solidified contained defibrated material.
[6] The natural fibrous material used in any one of the above [1] to [5] is (1) softwood / hardwood wood or their bark, or (2) xylem of grasses. Alternatively, a method characterized by being a skin / branch / leaf part.
[7] A dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade used in any one of the above [1] to [5] can be used.
A perforated screen (3) provided with a clearance between a bottomed cylindrical casing (2) having a fixed blade (1) inside and an inner wall of the bottomed cylindrical casing (2), and the bottomed cylindrical casing (3). a cylindrical casing rotary blade in the axial center is JikuSo cutting or tearing the textiles containing material in cooperation with said fixed blade (1) (2) (4), wherein during operation the bottomed cylindrical casing (2 ), And a vertical coarse grinding device (X) for a fiber-containing material having a gas suction unit (5) for sucking the gas in () and discharging and recovering the crushed material to the outside through the porous screen (3). ), Which has a blade structure that generates an upward air flow in the bottomed cylindrical casing (2) by rotation, and has a plurality of rotary blade mounting portions (61) equally arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating surface. The pedestal (6) is installed in multiple stages separated from each other in the axial direction, and the gas suction part (5) is formed at one or a plurality of places on the lower side wall of the bottomed cylindrical casing (2). A larger suction airflow is generated downward against the upward airflow and the flow of the crushed material generated in the bottom cylindrical casing (2), and the crushed material is discharged and recovered from one or more directions at any time. A method characterized by being. "

According to the present invention, the entire manufacturing process is carried out in a dry manner using coniferous / hardwood wood or their bark, or woody parts of grasses such as bamboo and bamboo, or natural fiber materials such as bark / branches and leaves as raw materials. Therefore, a defibrated product having a high aspect ratio can be produced, chemical treatment is not required, and it can be carried out at low cost.
By adopting grinding (cutting) by a dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade according to the present invention, the entire process can be carried out only in the dry process.
The fibrous material, which is a defibrated product of the natural fibrous material obtained in the present invention, has high heat insulation and high strength, and when used as a mat material, has high heat insulation and shape retention (shape restoration). It will be excellent.
Further, fibrillation with resultant natural fibrous reinforcement and fine defibration while widening the gap between the defibrated material in the cotton-like when the defibrated material was uniformly dispersed in the defibrated material of flocculent material Objects are entangled to form a composite cotton-like material with reinforcing properties.
Furthermore, when heat is added to and mixed with fibrillation of a short group fiber length in fibrillated of long groups of fiber length, lignin is contained in large quantities fibrillation of a short group of fiber length and the binder It is possible to obtain a highly heat-insulating molded product with a small amount or unnecessary use of other binders.

Graph diagram of each flue-eye passing rate in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Graph diagram showing the relationship of thermal conductivity of composite ground products Graph of thermal conductivity measurement results of Comparative Examples and Examples Graph of bending strength test results of Comparative Examples and Examples Explanatory perspective view showing an apparatus configuration of a dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade used in an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic explanatory view of cross section Schematic diagram of plan view Plan view showing the blade structure FIG. 8A is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I, and FIG. 8B is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II. FIG. 8 is a detailed explanatory view of part A in FIG. Observation view of the mat prepared in the tests of Examples 12 to 14 with a digital microscope.

The present inventors focused on a dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade while conducting various studies in order to obtain a dry defibrator from woody biomass such as cedar, hinoki, and karamatsu, which are natural fiber materials. However, as a result of conducting grinding experiments (hereinafter, meaning "shaving" or "cutting" with a scraping blade) using various woody biomass, the moisture content of natural fibrous materials such as woody biomass after adjusting to 20-30%, by performing triturated with dry fiberizer with a scraping blade, it found that fiber diameter is small and a high defibration aspect ratio can be obtained with high efficiency ..
By dry milling from woody biomass to produce a high-performance biomass defibration in mass-producible manner at a lower cost, consider a method for manufacturing a lightweight, heat insulating material using the ground material (solution of natural fibrous material defibrated material) did.
That is, the present invention is made from the bark, wood chips and wood of coniferous trees such as sugi, cypress, karamatsu, fir and hemlock, which are representative of regional wood, the wood chips and wood of broadleaf trees, and the stems and branches and leaves of plants of the family such as bamboo and bamboo. dry fiberizer with a scraper blade, for example using a dry fiberizer of Patent No. 3,051,981, "vertical coarse crusher and a cutter structure of fiber-containing material", the solution of the fibrous defibrated material (natural fibrous material It is intended to obtain defibrated material) and use it as a heat insulating material for construction and housing.
The patented vertical coarse crusher (dry defibrator) is equipped with a fixed blade, a rotary blade, and a perforated screen. By adjusting the mesh of the partial screen, it is possible to adjust the diameter and fiber length of the biomass fiber (defibrated product).
The locally unused woody biomass used as a material in the present invention has characteristics in each fiber depending on the tree species, and the properties are different even if it approaches the skin, the trunk, and the branches, and the water content is also greatly different.
As a result of research, the present inventors have obtained characteristics such as strength and shape retention of the defibrated product obtained by using woody biomass (natural fiber material) adjusted to have a moisture content of 20% to 30% in a dry state. I found that it would be much better. The water content of 20% to 30% is a value calculated assuming that the total dry state of the natural fiber material (woody biomass) is 0%.
Therefore, for a material that is too dry and has a insufficient water content, it is desirable to adjust the water content by spraying water or the like before putting the material into the dry defibrator.

When the wood dries and the moisture content decreases, all the free water evaporates below the fiber saturation point, after which the tissue water in the cell wall begins to dry. At this time, the strength of the wood gradually increases. If the moisture content is 20% or less and the equilibrium moisture content is 15% or less, drying proceeds too much and grinding does not go well.
In the present invention, for wood that has been dried once to be below the fiber saturation point and has a moisture content of 20% or less, it is possible to efficiently grind woody biomass by adding water to the fiber saturation point. ..
The strength of wood biomass in water ranges acts appropriately on the shear milling time, good fibrous defibration (defibration of natural fibrous material) is obtained.
Examples of the method for adjusting the water content include a method of drying the wood to the desired water content at the stage of drying the wood and a method of putting the dried wood in water to absorb water.
Further, a method of injecting water into wood by pressurization or depressurization is also proposed.
Defibrated material of fibrous obtained in the present invention is high heat insulating property, has a high strength, blowing insulation is suitable applied to a lightweight mat material and weight board material.
Examples of the method for adjusting the water content include a method of drying the wood to the desired water content at the stage of drying the wood and a method of putting the dried wood in water to absorb water.
Further, a method of injecting water into wood by pressurization or depressurization is also proposed.

In the present invention, when the woody biomass (natural fiber material) is wood or a piece of wood, a defibrated product of a natural fiber material having a fiber diameter of 0.5 mm or less and an aspect ratio of 15 or more can be obtained, and in the case of bark, the fiber diameter is obtained. A fibrous defibrated product having an aspect of 0.3 mm or less and an aspect of 20 or more can be obtained.
In addition, the defibrated product that has passed through a fluid with an opening diameter of 1.5 mm for both wood and wood pieces has an aspect ratio of 30 or more.
Fibrillation treatment solution of aspect 30 or below fiber diameter 0.3mm By changing the sieve mesh during defibrated material is always obtained.
When a dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade is used in this way, the moisture content of the raw wood biomass is adjusted to 20 to 30%, and the mesh of the device is adjusted, which is not possible with conventional dry pulverization. The fibrous defibrated product can be easily obtained.

For crushed products obtained using a dry crusher such as a conventional cutter mill (cutting method), hammer mill (crushing), impact mill (impact crushing), roller mill (crushing), the water content ratio of the raw material is adjusted. However, the crushed product becomes a chip-like or powder-like shape. Further, even if a defibrated product is obtained, the yield is as low as about 30% or less, and the fiber diameter is 0.5 mm or more, so that the obtained defibrated product cannot be reused as a processed product.
Most of what can be obtained by the conventional dry pulverization is in mm units having a fiber diameter of more than 1000 μm, and a fibrous defibrated product having a high aspect ratio, light weight and excellent heat insulating performance could not be obtained from woody biomass.

The defibrated product of the natural fiber material obtained in the present invention has a structure in which a plurality of defibrated products are aggregated, and when these defibrated products of the natural fiber material are used as a mat material, bamboo material or kenaf is used. The defibrated product obtained from the above is expected to have high strength and high elasticity, and in particular, a defibrated product having a high aspect ratio can be obtained and can be used for high-performance applications.

Furthermore, since the woody parts of wood pieces and wood and the woody parts of bamboo and bamboo have relatively high dry specific gravity, the present inventors further reduce the bulk specific gravity to make them heat insulating materials for construction and housing, and improve their performance. As a method and as a means to improve the handling of the blowing method, which is one of the construction methods, we have developed a composite cotton-like material with wood using recycled paper quality resources such as used paper, newspaper and cardboard. did.
We have succeeded in extracting cellulose (fiber), which is a resource with cellulose (fiber) such as paper, in a cotton-like manner in a dry manner. Such as paper and woody biomass is ground (defibrated) simultaneously, defibrated material fluffy defibration and woody biomass is a homogeneous dispersed shaped body.

The present inventors have investigated a grinding method that can be used for various purposes from biomass with a high aspect ratio by dry grinding that can be ground at low cost, and a method for producing a lightweight and heat insulating material using a ground product.
To retrieve the defibrated material by dry milling of wood, it is necessary scraping step along the direction to the fiber bundle of wood (tear). As such a grinding device, there is a defibrating device having a special blade structure. The grinding technique using such a defibrating device and the utilization technique of the obtained pyroclastic material were examined.

In the technique shown in Japanese Patent No. 3051981, when stripping (cutting) biomass, the central axis of biomass is kept parallel and perpendicular to the rotation axis of the blade, and the outer peripheral surface of biomass is pressed against the guide member and scraped while pressing. A grinder characterized by (cutting) can obtain a single fiber having a fiber diameter of several mm or less and a fiber length of several mm to 100 mm.
In this apparatus, the fibers obtained in the first stage are further defibrated and classified by a grinder having a pin mill structure to obtain fibers having a high aspect. In this defibration device, when the biomass is stripped in the first grinding, the central axis of the biomass is coarsely ground in parallel with the rotation axis of the blade, and the ground product that has passed through a certain mesh is further ground by the second grinding. A crushed product that has been crushed and passed through a predetermined mesh is obtained. According to this apparatus, in dry grinding, it is overwhelmingly easier to extract biomass fibers having a high aspect ratio from wood materials as compared with the conventional crushing method, and fibers derived from the wood structure can be obtained by dry grinding.

The present invention is to adjust the wood material to an appropriate moisture content. In the case of wood, the moisture content may reach 70% or more in a state like raw wood, but the strength is low, and it is not suitable for such a grinder, and a good defibrated product cannot be obtained by grinding. When the wood dries and the moisture content decreases, all the free water evaporates below the fiber saturation point, after which the tissue water in the cell wall begins to dry. At this time, the strength of the wood gradually increases.
If the moisture content is 20% or less and the equilibrium moisture content is 15% or less, drying proceeds too much and grinding does not go well. In the present invention, it is possible to efficiently grind the wood material by adding water to the wood that has been dried once to be below the fiber saturation point and has a moisture content of 20% or less, and to add water to the fiber saturation point. .. The shear strength of the wood of milling time in water ranges act appropriately, good defibration is obtained.

The inventors have found that repeated milling experiments in various biomass using such an apparatus, found that the water content of the biomass can be taken out is defibrated material of most efficiently high aspect ratio when 20-30% It was .
Put out the moisture content of the wood material takes the excellent defibrated material in lightweight insulation performance in high aspect ratio by adjusting the 20-30% in the degree milling砕行. Further, a cotton-like composite cotton-like material can be provided by compounding a paper-like material.

In the present invention, by simultaneously grinding bark or paper material at the time of grinding, a composite of cellulose and wood fiber close to cotton-like material can be obtained in the case of bark or paper close to single fiber, and the heat insulating performance is improved. Cellulose that has become cotton-like after being ground has relatively low thermal conductivity, but when wood fibers with a large aspect ratio coexist, the voids further expand, resulting in even lower thermal conductivity, and it is difficult to be compressed due to the repulsive force of the wood fibers. It was found that the state of low heat conduction can be maintained.

By using a boric acid solution or the like in the present invention, it is possible to obtain a pyroclastic material having insect-proof, ant-proof and flame-retardant functions on the surface of the pyroclastic material at the same time as the pyroclastic material. Alternatively, functions such as deodorization and humidity control can be added .
A first invention (Claim 1) and the fifth aspect of the present invention the long solutions of large fiber length is a collection of (claim 5) Multiple defibration aspect ratio defibrated material, the fiber length is short, further A fine defibrated product can be obtained. The latter contains a large amount of binder components such as lignin derived from biomass.
Therefore, if these defibrated products are mixed, molded, and heated, the binder component is easily melted and solidified by a heating press to obtain a board.
When these defibrated products are sieved, molded with a powder containing a large amount of binder component, and heated, a board having higher strength can be obtained.
If only the defibrated product having a large aspect ratio among the defibrated products obtained by the present invention is separated and used, a molded product or mat having good heat insulating properties can be obtained.

According to the present invention , various defibrated products can be obtained from natural fibrous materials by dry grinding. A plurality of the defibrated material has a structure set as a feature of the milling砕品. The properties of the defibrated product differ depending on the type of natural fibrous material and the conditions at the time of grinding. A defibrated product such as bamboo has elasticity and toughness, and can be used for a high-strength molded product.
On the other hand, kenaf crushed products and bark crushed products have a small grinding diameter, have elasticity and resilience, and can be applied to heat insulating materials.
Using these defibrated products, it is possible to produce lightweight and high-strength boards and mats.
Various members can be produced depending on the type of natural fibrous material and grinding conditions, but the functions of each defibrated product when applied to high-strength members and heat insulating materials are shown below.

[Application to high-strength materials]
In the production of high-strength members, it is desirable to use a ground product having an aspect ratio of 20 or more and a fiber diameter of 200 μm or more.
A tough molded product can be obtained by laminating and pressing the ground product as it is.
According to the present invention, high-strength wood fibers with high aspect ( defibrated products of natural fibrous materials) can be obtained, and by press-molding using a binder, a plurality of high-strength defibrated products are laminated and adhered to each other. As a result , a high-strength and lightweight body can be obtained.
This ground product has a fiber structure up to the micro part, and when heat-treated, it becomes entangled with the surrounding wood fibers (defibrated products of natural fibrous materials ), and lignin elutes from the surface, making it strong. A molded body is obtained.
A first step of obtaining a fibrillation of natural fibrous material, and sieved resulting fibrillated product in the first step, long groups of fiber length defibrated material and a fiber length of short Group a second step of separating the disintegrated material, defibrated product 0.1 to 30 wt short groups of fiber length with respect to the opener was 100 parts by weight of the obtained fiber length long groups in the second step In the present invention of a method for producing a lightweight and high-strength molded body, which comprises a third step of adding and mixing parts, pressurizing at 1 to 50 Mpa, and heating at room temperature to 200 ° C. It is considered that the fine defibrated product has a large surface surface and lignin is easily eluted, and the large and small defibrated products are entangled with each other to develop the strength of the pressed body. As a result, a high-strength molded product using a naturally-derived binder such as lignin can be obtained without using a binder.

[Application to heat insulating materials]
Regarding the production of a member having heat insulating performance, it is desirable to use a ground product having an aspect ratio of 20 or more and a fiber diameter of 200 μm or less.
The aspect ratio of the friction砕品20 or more and the fiber diameter; can maintain insulation performance and strength are bonded points are dispersed in a fluffy defibrated material composite fluffy material 200μm following milling砕品.
The so-called springback function widens the gap between the cotton-like defibrated materials of the composite cotton-like material. Grinding砕品than be fixed Ri by the binder or heat fusion fibers, to maintain the holding force of the molded article.
When an inorganic binder is used as the binder, the density becomes high, so it is conceivable to foam the binder component. However, in this case as well, if there is no holding power, the molded product dries and aggregates, the density becomes high, and the heat insulating performance deteriorates. However, by maintaining this structure, molding is possible without deteriorating the heat insulating performance.
The higher the aspect ratio, the more advantageous it is in maintaining the strength and elasticity of the molded product, but when applied to a heat insulating material, the heat insulating performance of the molded product deteriorates, so when used for a high-performance heat insulating material, the fiber diameter It is preferably about 200 μm or less.
As the organic binder to be added, a resin selected from melamine resin, urea resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, polyurethane thermosetting polyimide and the like is preferably used as the thermosetting resin, and they are fibers. It may be added and used as. Further, the heat-sealed fiber may have a two-layer structure (the core fiber is coated with a thermosetting resin).
As also organic binder, de Npun, agar, natural polymers such as glue, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, lignin sulfonic acid, semi-synthetic polymers such as modified starch, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine, cage Synthetic polymers such as ethylene oxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone are available.
Fluffy defibrated material of natural fiber defibration Contact and composite flocculent material of the material obtained in the present invention is easily entangled with the organic binder becomes a high strength, also maintaining porosity, high Maintains heat insulation.
As the inorganic binder, water-soluble silicates such as alkaline silicate and colloidal silica, inorganic-organic composite polymer, aluminum phosphate, alumina sol, Portland cement, alkyl silicate, alumina cement, gypsum, lime and the like can be used.

The present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples.
A comparison was made between the defibration example according to the present invention and the defibration example according to the prior art.
First, a defibrator equipped with the scraping blade of the present invention (A; a dry defibrator equipped with a fixed blade, a rotary blade and a perforated screen manufactured by West Japan Engineering Consultants, Inc. (defibrator A)) was used to determine the water content. Various different woody biomasses were ground and each physical property was measured.
The configuration of the defibrator A used in this embodiment is as follows.

That is, it has the structure shown in FIGS. 5 to 10.
A perforated screen (3) provided with a clearance between a bottomed cylindrical casing (2) having a fixed blade (1) inside and an inner wall of the bottomed cylindrical casing (2), and the bottomed cylindrical casing (3). a cylindrical casing rotary blade in the axial center is JikuSo cutting or tearing the textiles containing material in cooperation with said fixed blade (1) (2) (4), wherein during operation the bottomed cylindrical casing (2 ), And a vertical coarse crusher (X) for a fiber-containing material having a gas suction part (5) for discharging and recovering the object to be crushed to the outside through the porous screen (3). A rotary tool post having a blade structure that generates an upward air flow in the bottomed cylindrical casing (2) by rotation, and having a plurality of rotary blade mounting portions (61) evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating surface. (6) is installed in multiple stages separated from each other in the axial direction, and a gas suction part (5) is formed at one or a plurality of places on the lower side wall of the bottomed cylindrical casing (2). A larger suction airflow is generated downward against the upward airflow and the flow of the object to be crushed in the cylindrical casing (2), and the object to be crushed is discharged and recovered from one or more directions at any time. It is a dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade, which is characterized by being present.
(Note that FIG. 5 is a perspective explanatory view showing an apparatus configuration, FIG. 6 is a sectional view schematic explanatory view, FIG. 7 is a plan view schematic explanatory view, FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a blade structure, and FIG. 9 is a plan view. , (A) I-I arrow-viewing enlarged cross-sectional view, (b) II-II arrow-viewing enlarged cross-sectional view, and FIG. 10 are detailed explanatory views of part A in FIG. 8).
Then, in the installation configuration of the rotary turret 6, the upper rotary blade 4 has a maximum of 45 degrees in the rotational direction with respect to the lower rotary blade 4 between the upper and lower rotary blades 6a and 6b. Each shaft is mounted so as to come into contact with the fixed blade 1 with a delay within the range, and further, the blade structure Y in the above-mentioned vertical coarse grinding device X has a plurality of rotary blade mounting portions 61 equally arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating surface. The rotary turret 6 has a blade structure that generates an upward air flow in the bottomed cylindrical casing 2 by rotation, and the rotary blade mounting portion 61 has an blunt contact angle θ with respect to the fixed blade 1. The rotary blade 4 having the blade surface formed is detachably attached, and further, the blade structure Y is wing-shaped, the front end edge 62 in the rotation direction is formed as a slope, and the inclination angle α is in the range of 2 degrees to 10 degrees. It was.
In the figure, 7 is a spacer, 8 is a circular floor plate, and 21 is a rib for attaching a fixed blade.

Next, a molding raw material having a predetermined water content obtained by molding a woody biomass raw material such as sugi or cypress , which is a natural fiber material , into the above-mentioned defibrator A to a size of about 20 × 20 × 100 mm is charged into the fixed blade and the rotary blade. It was sheared and ground in between, and the ground crushed fiber was separated into biomass to obtain the defibrated product.

The crushing device B used in the comparative example is a cutter mill.
Therefore, a molding raw material having a predetermined water content obtained by molding a woody biomass raw material such as sugi or cypress , which is a natural fiber material , into a crushing apparatus B to a size of about 20 × 20 × 100 mm was put into the crushing apparatus B and ground to obtain a ground product.

Example 1 uses a defibrator A to grind a piece of sugi wood having a moisture content of 25%, and Example 2 uses a defibrator A to grind a piece of cypress wood having a moisture content of 25%. is there.
Further, Example 3 is obtained by grinding Sugi bark having a water content of 25% using a defibrator A, and Example 4 is obtained by grinding a Sugi bark having a water content of 25% using a defibrator A. is there.
Next, in Example 5 and below, a mixture of various woody biomass and paper material having different water content ratios was ground using a defibrator A, and each physical characteristic was measured.
Example 5 is obtained by grinding a mixed product (sugi bark: cardboard = 3: 7) having a moisture content of 25% using a defibrator A, and Example 6 is using a defibrator A to grind a mixture having a moisture content of 25%. It is a crushed mixture (cypress bark: cardboard = 5: 5).

Next, various woody biomasses having different water content were crushed using a cutter mill crusher (B) having a structure not provided with a scraping blade. The fiber width, average aspect ratio, and thermal conductivity of the obtained ground product were measured.
Comparative Example 1 is a crushed piece of Sugi wood having a water content of 15% using a crushing device B, and Comparative Example 2 is a piece of Sugi wood having a water content of 25% crushed using a crushing device B.
Comparative Example 3 is a crushed piece of wood with a moisture content of 14% (moisture unadjusted) using a crusher A, and Comparative Example 4 is a piece of wood with a moisture content of 70% (moisture) using a crusher A. (Unadjusted) was crushed, and in Comparative Example 5, a hinoki wood piece having a water content of 15% was crushed using a crushing device A. (Note that the water content of the water content has not been adjusted and is out of the numerical range of the present invention.)
Next, in Comparative Examples 4 to 5, various woody biomasses having different water content ratios were defibrated using a defibrator (A; manufactured by West Japan Engineering Consultants, Inc.) equipped with the scraping blade of the present invention, and the fiber width and average were deflated. The aspect ratio and thermal conductivity were measured.
Next, in Examples 1 to 4, various woody biomass was defibrated by using a defibrator (A; manufactured by West Japan Engineering Consultants, Inc.) equipped with the scraping blade of the present invention to defibrate various woody biomass, and the fiber width. , Average aspect ratio and thermal conductivity were measured.

Table 1 shows the types of biomass, water content, fiber diameter of defibrated product, aspect ratio, thermal conductivity, etc. for the above Examples and Comparative Examples.

From the results shown in Table 1, it was obtained by grinding a natural fibrous material (woody biomass) whose water content was adjusted to the numerical range of the present invention using a defibrator equipped with a scraping blade according to the present invention. It can be seen that the defibrated material has a high aspect ratio and high heat insulation.
In addition, the passing rates of the flues in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are graphed and shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, in Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the passage rate is low when the flue is 0.6 mm or less, that is, there are many objects having a diameter of 0.6 mm or more.
Then, in Example 1, it can be seen that the passage rate is very high for the flue mesh of 0.6 mm or less, that is, there are many things having a diameter of 0.6 mm or less.

The thermal conductivity of a composite cotton-like material prepared by changing cellulose and a natural fibrous material was measured.
In Comparative Example 6, the paper material (cellulose) was ground using a defibrator A at a water content of 25%. Blending ratio of Oite natural fibrous material to a water content of 25% mixed product with Examples 5-8 In defibrator A (natural fiber material: cellulose = 3: 7,5: 5,8: 2) A variable and ground composite cotton-like material was obtained. Table 2 shows the results of each thermal conductivity measurement. The relationship between the composition and the thermal conductivity is shown in FIG.

By combining cellulose and a natural fiber material , it showed low thermal conductivity as compared with a single defibrated product (ground product). Since the defibrated product according to the present invention has a high aspect ratio and has the elasticity of wood, the natural fibrous material obtained by grinding the cellulose voids expands the cellulose voids, resulting in a decrease in density and heat insulating performance. Is expected to improve.

Next, a mat was prepared using a composite cotton-like material prepared by changing cellulose and a natural fibrous material. A mat was produced by a press molding method for the purpose of obtaining a high-strength mat material. As the mat preparation conditions, water was added and mixed, 2% of CMC (carboshikimethylcellulose) was added, press molding (1 Mpa) was performed, and the mat was dried at 105 ° C. for 24 hours. The physical characteristics of the obtained mat product were examined.
In Comparative Example 7, a ground product obtained by grinding a paper material (cardboard) with a defibrator A at a water content of 25% was used. Blending ratio of natural fiber material with a water content of 25% natural fiber materials, cellulose composite flocculent material using fiberizer A In Examples 9-11 (natural fibrous material: cellulose = 3: 7,5 : 5, 8: 2) was changed to prepare a matte material.
The thermal conductivity measurement results and bending strength test results of Comparative Examples 7 and 9 to 11 are shown in Tables 3, 4, 3, and 4.

The composite material (composite cotton-like material) has a paper quality material content of 20 to 50% (biomass fiber (natural fiber material) 50 to 80%), and a molded product having high strength and good heat insulating performance can be obtained. When wood bark fiber with a high aspect ratio is used as a natural fibrous material , the heat insulating performance is further improved.
By selecting the type of woody biomass and the mixing ratio with paper material, it can be applied to members that require the desired strength and heat insulation performance.

Next, a mat was produced without pressurization by a heat fusion method for the purpose of maintaining heat insulation performance while maintaining high strength.
In Example 12, fibrillating machine using A water content of 25% mixed product (Sugi bark: Paper Material = 8: 2) addition of heat fusion fiber 10 parts by weight of the composite flocculent material 100 parts by trituration with -Mixed and heated in a container at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a composite mat.
Further, in Example 13, fibrillating machine using A water content of 25% mixed product (Sugi bark: paper quality material = 7: 3) milled thermally fused fibers 10 parts by weight of the composite flocculent material 100 parts by weight Was added and mixed, and heated in a container at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a composite mat.
Furthermore, in Example 14, fibrillating machine using A water content of 25% mixed product (Sugi bark: paper quality material = 5: 5) heat fusion fiber 10 weight composite flocculent material 100 parts by trituration with Parts were added and mixed, and heated in a container at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a composite mat.
Table 5 shows the thermal conductivity of the composite mats obtained in Examples 12 to 14 above.
FIG. 11 shows the observation results of the mats produced in the tests of Examples 12 to 14 with a digital microscope.

From the results shown in Table 5, it was found that the mat made of the composite cotton-like material of each example had excellent heat insulating properties.
From the result of FIG. 11, the voids of cotton-like cellulose are widened by combining wood fibers (defibrated products of natural fibrous materials). In addition, when the natural fibrous material is bamboo, the defibrated product is tough, and it is observed that the mat-shaped structure is firmly maintained.

Examples 15-16
After adjusting the water content of bamboo to 25%, it was hung on a dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade to obtain a ground bamboo product.
The ground product was sieved to collect fine defibrated products ( fine fibers) having a fiber length of 74 μm or less.
The fine defibration obtained by adding and mixing the milling砕品mixed products was filled in a mold and pressurized with 100 Mpa, at 200 ° C. for (1 hour retention) heated molded body (board) Made. The bending strength of the produced board was measured.

Table 6 shows the bending strength of the molded product (board) due to the addition of fine defibrated material.
From the results, this ground product had strength even without the addition of a binder. Bending strength by the addition of fine defibrated material is increased, bending strength by adding fine defibration the (fine product) 20% increased to about 3 times.
This ground product has a fiber structure up to the micro part, and when heat-treated, it is entangled with the surrounding wood fibers and lignin is eluted from the surface to obtain a strong molded product. In the method for producing a lightweight and high-strength molded product, it is considered that the fine defibrated product has a large surface area and lignin is easily eluted, and the large and small defibrated products are entangled with each other to develop the strength of the press-formed product. As a result, a high-strength molded product using a naturally-derived binder such as lignin can be obtained without using a binder.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a heat insulating material for construction and housing by utilizing the unused biomass of local wood.
Sugi and cypress skins, which are representative of regional timber, were used as roof materials and wall materials in the olden days, but they are rarely used due to changes in the times and are treated as troublesome people.
However, it is superior in water resistance, antiseptic property, and insect repellent property to other woods, and sugi bark also has a flame-retardant component.
In particular, it was found that the sugi husk, which is unused and abundantly generated, can be used as a raw material that we want to use as the highest priority as wood wool in new fields.
The defibrated product obtained by the present invention can be used as a heat insulating material for buildings and houses that can generate a large amount of demand. Further, the mat material is considered to be used for a heat insulating material and various members requiring heat insulating performance, and the board material is considered to be used for a reinforcing filler and a lightweight board with weight reduction.
As other uses, it is expected to be used as an agricultural material, as a material for slope greening, and as a raw material for producing cellulose nanofibers.
Therefore, it can be used in many industrial productions such as blown insulation.

Claims (7)

After adjusting the natural fiber material to a water content of 20 to 30%, it is dry-ground by using a dry fiber defibrator equipped with a scraping blade, and the fiber diameter is 1 to 600 μm, the fiber length is 0.1 to 50 mm, and the aspect ratio is 10. To the first step of obtaining a defibrated product of ~ 60 natural fibrous materials and 100 parts by weight of the defibrated product of the natural fibrous material obtained in the same step, 0.1 to 0.1 of a binder or a heat-sealed fiber is added. A method for producing a mat material having high heat insulation performance and excellent shape retention, which comprises a second step of adding 30 parts by weight and heating at room temperature to 250 ° C. without pressurization. After adjusting the natural fiber material to a water content of 20 to 30%, it is dry-ground by using a dry fiber defibrator equipped with a scraping blade, and the fiber diameter is 1 to 600 μm, the fiber length is 0.1 to 50 mm, and the aspect ratio is 10. To the first step of obtaining a defibrated product of ~ 60 natural fibrous materials and 100 parts by weight of the defibrated product of the natural fibrous material obtained in the same step, 0.1 to 0.1 of a binder or a heat-sealed fiber is added. A method for producing a lightweight and high-strength molded body, which comprises a second step of adding 30 parts by weight, pressurizing at 1 to 50 Mpa, and heating at room temperature to 250 ° C. A scraping blade was provided after adjusting the water content to 20 to 30% by simultaneously adding 25 to 400 parts by weight of the paper material to 100 parts by weight of the natural fiber material adjusted to the water content of 20 to 30%. dry milling over the dry fiberizer, the composite cotton fiber diameter 10 to 500 [mu] m, fiber length 1.0 to 10 mm, the defibrated material and flocculent defibrated material of natural fibrous material having an aspect ratio of 10 to 50 To 100 parts by weight of the composite cotton-like material obtained in the first step of obtaining the state material and the same step, 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a binder or heat-sealing fiber is added, and the pressure is not applied to the temperature to normal temperature. A method for producing a mat material having high heat insulation performance and excellent shape retention, which comprises a second step of heating at 250 ° C. A scraping blade was provided after adjusting the water content to 20 to 30% by simultaneously adding 25 to 400 parts by weight of the paper material to 100 parts by weight of the natural fiber material adjusted to the water content of 20 to 30%. dry milling over the dry fiberizer, the composite cotton fiber diameter 10 to 500 [mu] m, fiber length 1.0 to 10 mm, the defibrated material and flocculent defibrated material of natural fibrous material having an aspect ratio of 10 to 50 To 100 parts by weight of the composite cotton-like material obtained in the first step of obtaining the shape material and the same step, 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a binder or heat-sealing fiber is added and pressurized at 1 to 50 Mpa. A method for producing a lightweight and high-strength molded product, which comprises a second step of heating at room temperature to 250 ° C. After adjusting the natural fiber material to a water content of 20 to 30%, it is dry-grinded in a dry defibrator equipped with a scraping blade, and has a fiber diameter of 1 to 600 μm, a fiber length of 0.1 to 50 mm, and an aspect ratio of 10. a first step of obtaining a 60 defibration of natural fibrous material, and sieved resulting fibrillated product in the first step, the defibration product and the fiber length of the long groups of fiber length a second step of separating the fibrillation of a short group, fibrillation of a short group fiber length with respect to the opener was 100 parts by weight of a long group of fiber length obtained in the second step 0.1 Add and mix up to 30 parts by weight, pressurize at 1 to 50 Mpa, heat at room temperature to 250 ° C., without adding a binder or heat-sealed fibers, to the defibrated product of the short fiber length group. method for producing a molded article of lightweight, high strength, characterized by comprising the lignin as a binder component contained and a third step of Ru is melted and solidified. The natural fibrous material used in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is (1) softwood / hardwood wood or their bark, or (2) xylem or bark / branch leaf of a gramineous plant. A method characterized by being. A dry defibrator provided with a scraping blade used in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A perforated screen (3) provided with a clearance between a bottomed cylindrical casing (2) having a fixed blade (1) inside and an inner wall of the bottomed cylindrical casing (2), and the bottomed cylindrical casing (3). A rotary blade (4) that is pivotally mounted at the center of the axis of the cylindrical casing (2) and cooperates with the fixed blade (1) to cut or tear the fiber- containing material, and the bottomed cylindrical casing (2) during operation. A vertical coarse grinding device (X) for a fiber-containing material having a gas suction unit (5) for sucking the gas inside and discharging and recovering the crushed material to the outside through the porous screen (3). A rotary tool post having a blade structure that generates an upward air flow in the bottomed cylindrical casing (2) by rotation, and having a plurality of rotary blade mounting portions (61) evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating surface. (6) is installed in multiple stages separated from each other in the axial direction, and a gas suction part (5) is formed at one or a plurality of places on the lower side wall of the bottomed cylindrical casing (2). A larger suction airflow is generated downward against the upward airflow and the flow of the crushed material generated in the cylindrical casing (2), and the crushed material is discharged and recovered from one or more directions at any time. A method characterized by being.

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