JP6851752B2 - Positioning system between members, positioning method between members, joining system of members, joining method of members, and joining method of offshore structures - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a positioning system between members, a positioning method between members, a joining system for members, a joining method for members, and a joining method for offshore structures, which are used when positioning between a plurality of members. Is.

Due to global warming and fossil energy depletion, the demand for renewable energy is increasing. Even within the use of renewable energy, wind power generation equipment, especially offshore wind power generation equipment, has become larger in size for efficiency, and the method of assembling and installing the equipment has been raised as an issue. In particular, when installing an offshore wind turbine under the influence of waves, a construction method that does not impact the nacelle of the wind turbine and does not use a large crane vessel, which costs a huge amount of money, to assemble and install it. There is an urgent need to develop. There is also an urgent need to develop a maintenance method that can easily perform large-scale maintenance that involves replacement of wind turbine blades and generators.

In relation to this, in the construction method of offshore structures such as spar type equipped with wind power generators, the offshore structures are superstructured in order to safely moor at the offshore installation site without using a crane ship. Manufactured by dividing into an object and a substructure, keeping part or all of the substructure upright in water, moving the superstructure to the upper part of the substructure, and then moving the superstructure to the lower part. The structure can be raised and placed below the superstructure, or the superstructure can be lowered and placed above the substructure, and then the substructure is integrated into the superstructure. A method of joining has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-22783

When joining such a superstructure and a substructure, positioning with respect to the relative position between the superstructure and the substructure is important, but especially in offshore joining, the superstructure is , It is in a state of being suspended by a crane of a crane vessel, or in a state of being mounted on a fork-shaped structure having a pair of arm-shaped members of a carrier, and these crane vessels and carriers are swaying due to waves. Therefore, it is difficult to position the superstructure and the substructure between each other. In particular, when the superstructure and the substructure are brought close to each other from the vertical direction and joined, the approach direction and the in-plane perpendicular to the approach direction are formed. Since the relative distance between the superstructure and the substructure in the above fluctuates due to disturbances such as waves, the positioning member is damaged due to a large impact load or load fluctuation applied to the positioning member. There is a possibility that there is a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is that positioning can be easily performed in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction and the approaching direction, and the relative distance in the approaching direction fluctuates. Positioning system between members that can perform positioning while effectively absorbing the impact load by the elastic support and release the pressing force applied to the elastic support after positioning, positioning method between members, joining system of members, The purpose is to provide a method for joining members.

A further object of the present invention is to mount, join and assemble an upper structure equipped with a device and equipment such as a nacelle of a wind power generator on the lower structure at sea without using a large crane ship. In addition, we decided to provide a method for joining offshore structures that can easily remove these devices and equipment and carry them to land for maintenance work when large-scale maintenance is required. is there.

In the positioning system between members of the present invention for achieving the above object, when positioning between the first member and the second member, the first member and the second member are mutually in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction. A positioning system between members for positioning a position, which comprises a first positioning member fixed to the first member side and a second positioning member fixed to the second member side. The positioning member includes a first engaging portion, and the second positioning member includes a second engaging portion that engages with the first engaging portion, and the first member and the second member approach each other. Regarding the direction, an elastic support and a telescopic support are provided on the rear side of the second engaging portion , the telescopic support is composed of a double-acting type hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic chambers before and after the pressure surface of the piston are flood-controlled. It is characterized in that it is connected by a line and a valve is provided in the hydraulic line.

According to this configuration, the first engaging portion and the second engaging portion that can engage with the first engaging portion can easily perform positioning on a surface perpendicular to the approaching direction. Further, both the elastic support and the telescopic support that support the second engaging portion in the approaching direction can more efficiently absorb the impact load and the load fluctuation in the approaching direction and the change in the relative distance, and the first positioning. It is possible to prevent damage to the member and the second positioning member. Further, the degree of release of the pressing force applied to the elastic support can be adjusted by opening / closing the valve or opening the valve.

Further, by appropriately contracting the telescopic support to increase the space area in which the elastic support is arranged and opening the elastic support, the pressing force and the elastic deformation on the elastic support can be released after positioning. Further, since the elastic support can be in a state where no load is applied in the state where the first member and the second member are joined after the positioning work, the elastic support can be used repeatedly.

Further, in the positioning system between the members, the first engaging portion is a male type having a convex shape and the second engaging portion is a female type having a concave shape, or the first engaging portion is formed. It is a female type with a concave part, and a male type with a convex part of the second engaging part. The convex male mold is formed by a pin having a tapered cone or a truncated cone at the tip, or a concave female mold that engages with the pin is formed by a tapered hole. .. Many shapes can be adopted as these male and female molds, and the convex male mold has one of a conical shape, a pyramidal shape, a truncated cone shape, and a truncated cone shape. As a result, the structure can absorb the displacement and the impact load in the plane perpendicular to the approaching direction, and the workability is improved, so that the manufacturing becomes easier.

Further, in the positioning system between the members, the first positioning member can be attached to and detached from the first member , the second positioning member can be attached to and detached from the second member , or the first positioning member can be attached to and detached from the second member. and when each of the second positioning member is a structure in which is provided detachably on each of the first member and the second member, one or both of these first positioning member and the second positioning member, repeatedly, It can be used for positioning another first member and the second member, and cost performance is improved.

The member joining system of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized by comprising the above-mentioned positioning system between members. As a result, the same effect as the positioning system between the members can be exhibited.

Further, the method for positioning between members of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that positioning work is performed using the above-mentioned positioning system between members. As a result, the same effect as the positioning system between the members can be exhibited.

Further, the method for joining members of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that the joining operation is performed using one or more of the above-mentioned member joining systems. As a result, the same effect as that of the above-mentioned member joining system can be exhibited.

In the method of joining the above members, the first member is a moored structure moored in water or water, an underwater structure standing on the bottom of the water, and a portion standing on the bottom of the water and protruding above the water. water structures having, when is either onshore structures are erected on the ground, if it is the upper structure in which the second member is provided with a wind turbine, the effect of the bonding method of the member is greater.
Further, the present invention is a positioning system between members for positioning mutual positions in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction of the first member and the second member when positioning between the first member and the second member. The first positioning member is fixed to the first member side and the second positioning member is fixed to the second member side. The first positioning member includes a first engaging portion. The second positioning member includes a second engaging portion that engages with the first engaging portion, and is located behind the second engaging portion with respect to the approaching direction between the first member and the second member. It is characterized in that the joining work is performed by using one or more joining systems of the members, which are provided with a positioning system between members, which is provided with an elastic support and a telescopic support. In the method of joining members, when the second member is a superstructure provided with a wind turbine, the effect of the method of joining the members becomes greater.

Then, in the method of joining the offshore structure for achieving the above object, the offshore structure is divided into a substructure and a superstructure, and a part or all of the substructure is maintained in an upright state in water. The superstructure is moved to the upper part of the carrier while being held by a fork-shaped structure having a pair of arm-shaped members provided on the carrier, and the carrier is settled to lower the superstructure. In the method of joining an offshore structure placed on the upper side of the substructure, when positioning between the first member and the second member, the first member and the second member are mutually in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction. A positioning system between members for positioning a position, which comprises a first positioning member fixed to the first member side and a second positioning member fixed to the second member side. The positioning member includes a first engaging portion, and the second positioning member includes a second engaging portion that engages with the first engaging portion, and the first member and the second member approach each other. A single member joining system, characterized in that it is provided with a positioning system between members, characterized in that an elastic support and a telescopic support are provided on the rear side of the second engaging portion in terms of direction. Alternatively, a method of joining members, which is characterized in that a plurality of members are used for joining, is used, the lower structure being the first member, and the upper structure being the second member. is there.

According to this method, the load of the superstructure can be smoothly moved from the carrier to the substructure by submerging the carrier by ballast adjustment during the joining operation using the above-mentioned method of joining the members. Moreover, by using the above-mentioned member joining system, positioning can be performed while absorbing impact loads in the vertical direction (approaching direction) and the horizontal direction (in-plane perpendicular to the approaching direction). The cost for joining can be reduced. Further, since the superstructure can be easily removed from the substructure by performing the reverse procedure of the installation, it is possible to easily transport the superstructure to land and perform large-scale maintenance on land. Will be.

In the method of joining the offshore structure, the position of the shaft that supports the wind turbine and the nacelle at the time of joining and the carrier by expanding and contracting the telescopic support during the joining work of the substructure and the superstructure. By adjusting the distance between the positions, the telescopic support can be expanded and contracted more quickly and easily than by adjusting the height of the pair of arm-shaped members of the carrier.

As described above, according to the joining member positioning system, the joining member positioning method, the joining member joining system, and the joining member joining method of the present invention, positioning in the approaching direction and in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction. In addition, positioning can be performed while effectively absorbing fluctuations in the relative distance in the approaching direction and the impact load by the elastic support, and after positioning, the pressing force applied to the elastic support can be released. ..

Further, according to the method of joining offshore structures of the present invention, an upper structure equipped with devices and equipment such as a nacelle of a wind power generator is placed on the lower structure at sea without using a large crane ship. It can be placed, joined and assembled, and when large-scale maintenance is required, these devices and equipment can be easily removed and transported to land for easy maintenance work.

It is a schematic front view for demonstrating the positioning system between members of embodiment which concerns on this invention, and the positioning method between members. It is a figure which shows the state of the positioning system between members in the 1st stage to 3rd steps from the separation state to the joining in the positioning system between members of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the positioning system between members in the 4th stage to 6th stages from joining to the completion of joining in the positioning system between members of FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the member joining system of the embodiment which concerns on this invention, and the member joining method, and the 2nd member is attached to the substructure which becomes the 1st member in the floating spar type offshore structure. It is a figure which shows the state which joins the superstructure which becomes. It is a schematic enlarged plan view of the joint portion in FIG. It is a schematic enlarged side view of the joint part in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the member joining system of the embodiment which concerns on this invention, and the member joining method, and the 2nd member is attached to the substructure which becomes the 1st member in the floating semi-sub type offshore structure. It is a figure which shows the state which joins the superstructure which becomes. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the member joining system and the member joining method of embodiment which concerns on this invention, and the substructure which becomes the 1st member in a landing type monopile type offshore structure is the first. It is a figure which shows the state which joins the superstructure which becomes 2 members. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the member joining system of the embodiment which concerns on this invention, and the member joining method, and is the 2nd in the substructure which becomes the 1st member in the landing type jacket type offshore structure. It is a figure which shows the state which joins the superstructure which becomes a member. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the member joining system and the member joining method of embodiment which concerns on this invention, and the substructure which becomes the 1st member in the land structure for onshore installation type wind power generation is the first. It is a figure which shows the state which joins the superstructure which becomes 2 members. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the member joining system and the member joining method of the embodiment which concerns on this invention, and joins the superstructure which becomes a 2nd member to the lower structure which becomes the 1st member in a bridge. It is a figure which shows the state. Using a carrier equipped with a fork-shaped structure having a pair of arm-shaped members, a superstructure to be a second member is added to a substructure to be a first member in a landing type monopile type offshore wind turbine generator. It is a front view which shows the state of joining. It is a side view which shows the state of FIG. It is a top view which shows the periphery of the fork-shaped structure of FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the amount of descent of a superstructure, the amount of sedimentation of a carrier, the reaction force of an elastic support, and the amount of stroke (contraction amount) of an elastic support. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the descending amount of a superstructure, the sedimentation amount of a carrier, the reaction force of an elastic support, and the stroke amount (shrinkage amount) of a telescopic support when the stroke of the telescopic support is changed in the middle. ..

Hereinafter, a positioning system between members, a positioning method between members, a joining system for members, a joining method for members, and a joining method for offshore structures will be described according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the description of the method of joining the offshore structure in this embodiment, a propeller-type horizontal axis wind turbine that utilizes the lift obtained by wind power is arranged on the water surface as the offshore structure for offshore wind power generation. An offshore structure is taken as an example. However, the present invention does not necessarily limit the offshore structure to an offshore structure for wind power generation, and can be applied to other offshore structures that integrate a superstructure and a substructure at sea.

It should be noted that the drawings are explanatory drawings, and the configurations, shapes, and dimensions are not always consistent between the drawings. Further, here, an example in which the first positioning member is fixed to the first member side and the second positioning member is fixed to the second member side has been described, but the reverse first positioning member is attached to the second member side. 2 The positioning member may be fixed to the first member side.

First, a positioning system between members and a positioning method between members according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. The positioning method between the members according to the embodiment of the present invention is a positioning method for performing positioning work using the positioning system 1 between the members according to the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the positioning system 1 between the members, when positioning the first member 10 and the second member 20, the mutual positions of the first member 10 and the second member 20 in a plane perpendicular to the approach direction A. It is a positioning system between members for positioning. The approaching direction A is a direction in which the first member 10 and the second member 20 in a separated state before positioning and joining are brought closer to each other for positioning and joining.

The positioning system 1 between the members includes a first positioning member 30 fixed to the lower first member 10 side of FIG. 1 and a second positioning member 40 fixed to the upper second member 20 side of FIG. It is composed of and. The first positioning member 30 includes a first engaging portion 31, and the second positioning member 40 includes a second engaging portion 41 that engages with the first engaging portion 31. At the same time, the elastic support 42 and the telescopic support 43 are provided on the rear side of the second engaging portion 41 with respect to the approaching direction A of the first member 10 and the second member 20. The second engaging portion 41, the elastic support 42, and the telescopic support 43 are arranged and held inside the tubular cover body 44.

With this configuration, by engaging the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41, positioning is performed in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction A, and the elastic change of the elastic support 42 and the expansion and contraction of the telescopic support 43 are performed. As a result, the fluctuation of the mutual distance L between the first member 10 and the second member 20 in the approaching direction A during the joining operation and the impact load and the load fluctuation caused by this fluctuation are absorbed.

More specifically, the first engaging portion 31 is formed in a convex male shape, and the second engaging portion 41 is formed in a concave female shape. Alternatively, conversely, the first engaging portion 31 is formed in a concave female shape, and the second engaging portion 41 is formed in a convex male shape. As the male shape having this convex shape, for example, it is preferable to adopt any one of a conical shape, a pyramid shape, a truncated cone shape, and a truncated cone shape, and this shape is a surface perpendicular to the approaching direction A. In addition to having a structure that can absorb the displacement and impact load inside, it has good workability and is easy to manufacture. However, the male and female shapes need not be limited to these shapes, and may be other shapes, and when they are engaged with each other, they are planar in a plane perpendicular to the approach direction A. Any shape may be used as long as the movement is restricted and fixed.

In the drawing shown in this embodiment, the first engaging portion 31 has a pin shape, a male shape having a convex shape at the tip thereof is formed by one truncated cone 31a, and the second engaging portion 41 has a first engagement. It is formed by a tapered hole that engages with the pin shape of the joint portion 31. However, it does not necessarily have to be a tapered hole, and a guide structure may be provided in which a guide plate having an inclined surface is arranged around the guide plate in the approaching direction and the first engaging portion 41 is surrounded by the inclined surface. .. Both the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41 may be formed in a concavo-convex shape that engages with each other, for example, having a truncated cone and a tapered hole in parallel with each other. In short, as the relative distance L between the first positioning member 30 and the second positioning member 40 in the approaching direction A becomes smaller, the movement in the plane perpendicular to the approaching direction A is restricted, and the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 31 and the second. The configuration is such that when the engagement of the engaging portion 41 is completed, the first engaging portion 31 is positioned in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction A with respect to the second engaging portion 41. Just do it.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first positioning member 30 is fixed to the first member 10 by fastening the mounting member 32 and the fixing member 11 of the first member 10 with a fastening bolt 33. The first positioning member 30 can be easily removed from the first member 10 by removing the fastening bolt 33. That is, the first positioning member 30 is detachably fixed to the first member 10.

Further, the second positioning member 40 is fixed to the second member 20 by fastening the mounting member 45 and the fixing member 21 of the second member 20 with the fastening bolt 46. The second positioning member 40 can be easily removed from the second member 20 by removing the fastening bolt 46. That is, the second positioning member 40 is detachably fixed to the second member 20.

Further, as the elastic support 42, a rubber member used as a fender or the like, an elastic body for earthquake resistance in which rubber and metal are laminated, or the like can be used. The elastic support 42 has a function of a shock absorbing member, and is between the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41 due to the fluctuation of the relative distance L between the first member 10 and the second member 20. Since it is necessary to temporarily bear and absorb the impact load and load fluctuation, it is composed of a material that is strong against the impact load and elastically deforms to some extent.

On the other hand, a fluid cylinder such as a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder can be used for the telescopic support 43. When the load applied to the fluid cylinder is small, an air cylinder that easily absorbs the impact load may be used. When the impact load is relatively small and the second positioning member 40 needs to be small and lightweight, an air cylinder is provided in place of the elastic support 42 and the telescopic support 43, and the air cylinder is provided with an air cylinder. The function of the elastic support 42 and the function of the telescopic support 43 may be exerted.

On the other hand, when the load is large, a hydraulic cylinder having a large load capacity and capable of producing a large force is used. Further, the telescopic support 43 is composed of a double-acting type hydraulic cylinder capable of applying flood pressure to both sides of the pressure surface of the piston, and the hydraulic chambers before and after the pressure surface of the piston are connected by a hydraulic line (not shown). If an on-off valve (not shown) is provided on this flood control line, the moving speed of the piston can be finely controlled by opening and closing the on-off valve, so that the load applied to the elastic support 42 can be adjusted and released. become.

Regarding the order of the second engaging portion 41, the elastic support 42, and the telescopic support 43, the impact load and the load fluctuation during the positioning work are applied to the second engaging portion 41, so that the elasticity absorbs the impact force. The support 42 is arranged immediately after the second engaging portion 41, and the elastic support 43 for adjusting the amount of elastic deformation of the elastic support 42 is arranged behind the elastic support 42. It is preferable to avoid applying an impact force to 43.

Then, the first member 10 and the second member 20 are perpendicular to the approaching direction A in a state where the first engaging portion 31 of the first positioning member 30 and the second engaging portion 41 of the second positioning member 40 are engaged. Positioning is performed in a plane, the first member 10 is moved toward the second member 20 in the approaching direction A, and the joining hole 13 of the joining member 12 of the first member 10 is the joining member 22 of the second member 20. It is moved to a position where it coincides with the joint hole 23 of. After the joint hole 13 and the joint hole 23 are aligned, a fastening bolt (not shown) is inserted and fixed with a fastening nut (not shown).

The positioning system 1 of the joining member is performed by installing the first positioning member 30 and the second positioning member 40 on the first member 10 and the second member 20, respectively, and the first positioning member 30 and the second positioning are performed. When the set (combination) of the members 40 is one set, the first member 10 and the second member 20 can be positioned in a plane perpendicular to the approach direction A, but the first positioning member 30 and the second member 20 can be positioned. Since the first member 10 and the second member 20 cannot be positioned in the turning direction with the positioning member 40 as the turning center, a set of two or more (plural) sets is used when positioning in the turning direction as well. Preferably, 2 to 4 sets will be used.

Next, the member joining system of the embodiment according to the present invention and the member joining method will be described. The member joining system of the embodiment according to the present invention is a joining system including the positioning system 1 between the members. Therefore, the method of joining the members according to the embodiment of the present invention is a joining method in which the joining work is performed using the joining system 1 of the members.

Next, in the positioning system 1, the positioning method between members, the joining system of members, and the joining method of members according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first to sixth steps from the separated state to the completion of joining. The state of the positioning system 1 between the members, more specifically, during the positioning and joining work between the first positioning member 30 fixed to the first member 10 and the second positioning member 40 fixed to the second member 20. Each state will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

In the first stage shown on the left side of FIG. 2, the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41 are separated from each other, and either or both of the first member 10 and the second member 20 are separated. The second engaging portion 41 is made to face the first engaging portion 31 by moving the second member 20 in a plane parallel to or in the same plane as the approach direction A (in FIG. 2, the second member 20 is lowered). Then, with the telescopic support 43 extended, the second positioning member 40 (second member 20) is brought closer to the first positioning member 30 (first member 10) from the approach direction A, and the second engagement is performed. The portion 41 is brought into contact with the first engaging portion 31. In the second stage shown in the center of FIG. 2, the elastic support 42 is not elastically deformed.

Next, the second positioning member 40 (second member 20) is further brought closer to the first positioning member 30 (first member 10) from the approach direction A so as to be in the third stage shown on the right side of FIG. The elastic support 42 is pressed and compressed to be elastically deformed. The second member 20 is continuously approached to the first member 10, and the first member 10 and the second member 20 are brought into a state where there is a joint position shown on the left side of FIG. 4, and the fourth step is performed. During the period from the third stage to the fourth stage, the second engaging portion 41 to the first engaging portion 31 are joined due to the fluctuation of the relative distance L between the first member 10 and the second member 20. The impact load and load fluctuation are absorbed by the elastic support 42.

When the second member 20 and the first member 10 of the fourth stage are in the joint position, all or part of the load of the second member 20 is applied to the second member 20 in a crane or other configuration. It is supported, or a part or all of the load of the second member 20 is borne by the first member 10. Then, in the state where the second member 20 and the first member 10 are joined, as shown in FIG. 1, the joining hole 13 of the joining member 12 of the first member 10 and the joining member of the second member 20 are joined. Since the positions of the joint holes 23 of the 22 are aligned with each other, the fastening bolts are inserted and fastened with the fastening nuts to fix the joining member 12 of the first member 10 and the joining member 22 of the second member 20. As a result, the first member 10 and the second member 20 are joined.

After this positioning or joining, the process proceeds to the fifth stage shown in the center of FIG. 3, the telescopic support 43 is contracted to reduce the amount of elastic deformation of the elastic support 42, and the sixth stage shown on the right side of FIG. 3 is performed. To be. In this sixth step, the storage space of the elastic support 42 after joining is expanded to make the compressive force elastically deforming the elastic support 42 zero, and the elastic support 42 is opened. As a result, after joining, the elastic support 42 is in an released state in which no pressing force is applied, so that deterioration of the elastic support 42 can be prevented and the elastic support 42 can be used repeatedly.

According to the positioning system 1, the positioning method between the members, the joining system of the members, and the joining method of the members having the above configurations, the first engaging portion 31 and the first engaging portion 31 can be engaged with each other. With the two engaging portions 41, positioning on a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction A can be easily performed.

In particular, when the relative distance L cannot be stably reduced when the first member 10 and the second member 20 approach each other, for example, in the case of offshore joining, the first member 10 and the second member 20 Since the relative distance L fluctuates, if both the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41 are supported by the first member 10 and the second member 20 in a rigid state, the first engaging portion In some cases, the second engaging portion 41 may be repeatedly collided and damaged between the time when the 31 and the second engaging portion 41 are in contact with each other and the time when the second engaging portion 41 is completely engaged. By supporting with the support 42, the impact load in the approaching direction A, the load fluctuation, and the change in the relative distance can be absorbed more efficiently.

That is, the displacement and the impact load in the plane perpendicular to the approach direction A are gradually absorbed between the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41, and the first member 10 and the second member 20 By moving one or both of the first member 10 and the second member 20 so that the relative distance L in the plane perpendicular to the approach direction A becomes zero, the position is adjusted so as to be perpendicular to the approach direction A at the time of joining. In-plane positioning can be performed.

Further, the impact load and the load fluctuation in the approaching direction A and the fluctuation of the relative distance L are first absorbed by the elastic deformation of the elastic support 42. Then, as the approach distance L in the approach direction A decreases, the elastic support 42 is pressed and elastically deformed to decrease.

Further, after the first member 10 and the second member 20 are positioned and joined, the telescopic support 43 can be contracted to release the load applied to the elastic support 42. By releasing this load, it is possible to temporarily apply a large load to the elastic support 42 during the joining operation. As a result, after the joining work, the elastic support 42 is released from the load, so that the elastic support 42 can be used repeatedly.

As a result, when the second member 20 is placed on the first member 10, the load of the second member 20 is applied to the load receiving mechanism (not shown) between the first member 10 and the second member 20. The first member 10 and the second member 20 are positioned by the engagement between the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41, so that the first member 10 and the second member 20 can be reliably delivered. The positions of the joint hole 13 of the joint member 12 of the member 10 and the joint hole 23 of the joint member 22 of the second member 20 are aligned, and the joint members 12 and 22 that are in contact with each other are fastened with a fastening bolt. The second member 20 can be securely fixed to the first member 10.

Various structures can be considered as objects to which this method of joining members can be used. For example, with respect to offshore structures, a floating spar type offshore structure as shown in FIG. 4 or a floating semi-subtype as shown in FIG. 7 in which the first member 10 is moored in water or on water. There is a mooring structure that is a substructure of the offshore structure. Further, although not shown in particular, there is an underwater structure standing on the bottom of the water, and further, a set-type monopile type as shown in FIG. 8 having a portion standing on the bottom of the water and protruding above the water. There are offshore structures and water structures that are substructures of landing-type jacket-type offshore structures as shown in FIG. In addition, as the onshore structure, an onshore structure for wind power generation installed on the ground as shown in FIG. 10 and a bridge mounted on the aboveground foundation as shown in FIG. 11 There is a land structure of.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7 to 10, the superstructure (second member) 20 to be placed on the lower structure (first member) 10 is a propeller. When the blade 24 is rotatably supported by the nacelle 25 and the nacelle 25 is supported by the support column 26 and is composed of a superstructure provided with a wind turbine, the effect of the joining method of this member becomes greater. ..

The joint portion between the lower structure portion (first member) 10 and the superstructure (second member) 20 is enlarged and shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a state in which three sets of positioning systems 1 between members are arranged in the circumferential direction. Further, FIG. 6 is a side view showing a side cross section of the positioning system 1 between the members, but positioning between the members so that the fixed portion of the positioning system 1 between the members can be shown on the front side and the side surface. It shows a state in which four sets of the system 1 are arranged in the circumferential direction. That is, although the three sets of FIG. 5 and the four sets of FIG. 6 are not consistent, the number of sets of the positioning system 1 between the members is fixed and limited in order to make the drawings easy to explain. In order to illustrate that it is not done, 3 sets and 4 sets of drawings are used.

In the configurations of FIGS. 5 and 6, the first positioning member 30 of the positioning system 1 between the members is mounted on the fixing member 11 of the first member 10 by the mounting member 32 and the fastening bolt 33. On the other hand, the second positioning member 40 of the positioning system 1 between the members is attached to the joining member 22 of the second member 20 by the mounting member 45 and the fastening bolt 46.

These second positioning members 40 are placed above the joining stage 27 used as a workbench for easy attachment and detachment work. The joining stage 27 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the second member 20, and is placed on the first member 10 in the joined state. Further, the joining stage 27 is surrounded by a workbench enclosure 27a to ensure safety.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the foundation portion for fixing and supporting the bridge may be the first member 10, and the bridge may be the second member 20. In this configuration, in a crane (not shown), the crane suspension 61 is lifted by the crane side suspension wire 62, and the bridge (second member) 20 is lifted by the suspension wire 63 fixedly connected to the crane suspension 61. There is. The positioning system 1 between the members is arranged on both ends of the bridge.

Next, a method for joining offshore structures according to the present invention will be described. This method of joining offshore structures is a method using the above-mentioned method of joining members. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 12 to 15, the offshore structure is divided into a substructure and a superstructure. This substructure is referred to as a first member 10, and this superstructure is referred to as a second member 20. Then, a part or all of the lower structure (first member) 10 is maintained in an upright state in water, and a fork having a pair of arm-shaped members 51a provided on the carrier 50 above the lower structure 10 is provided. The superstructure (second member) 20 is held by the shaped structure 51, and the superstructure 20 is moved while being placed on the fork-shaped structure 51. Next, when the superstructure 20 has been moved directly above the substructure 10, the superstructure 20 is lowered by adjusting the ballast of the carrier 50 and subsided, and the superstructure 20 is placed on the upper side of the substructure 10. Place.

In this method of joining offshore structures, the amount of descent (movement amount) of the superstructure (second member) 20, the amount of sedimentation (movement amount) of the carrier 50, the reaction force (elastic force) of the elastic support 42, and the expansion / contraction support. An example of the relationship with the stroke (contraction amount) of the body is shown in FIG. In this example, the elastic support 42 begins to elastically deform from the time when the second member 20 is lowered and the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 41 come into contact with each other (t1), and the reaction force gradually increases. Then, at the time point (t2), the load of the superstructure 20 finishes moving from the carrier 50 side to the elastic support 42 side of the second positioning member 40.

The statically indeterminate time is from this time point (t2) to the time point (t3), and it is confirmed that the load of the superstructure 20 is applied to the elastic support 42 during this time. From the time point (t3) at the end of this confirmation, the carrier 50 from which the load of the superstructure 20 is no longer applied is moved in the horizontal direction and retracted. Then, from the time when the joint portion between the substructure 10 and the superstructure 20 begins to contact (t4), the load is completely transferred from the elastic support 42 to the joint portion between the substructure 10 and the superstructure 20 (t5). ) To start fastening with fastening bolts. From this time point (t4) to the next time point (t5), the stroke of the telescopic support 43 is contracted to open the elastic support 42, and the elastic deformation and the reaction force are reduced to zero. After the joining work is completed, both or one of the first positioning member 30 and the second positioning member 40 is removed, if necessary.

According to this method of joining offshore structures, the load of the superstructure 20 is smoothly applied from the carrier 50 to the lower part by submerging the carrier 50 by ballast adjustment during the joining operation using the above method of joining members. It can be moved to the structure 10, and by using the above-mentioned member joining method and member joining system, impacts in the vertical direction (approaching direction A) and in the horizontal direction (in-plane perpendicular to the approaching direction) are impacted. It can be positioned while absorbing the load. Note that FIG. 17 shows a case where the telescopic support 43 is stroked to pick up the first engaging portion 31.

Further, the superstructure 20 can be easily removed from the substructure 10 by performing the work in the reverse procedure of the work for positioning and joining the superstructure 20. , The superstructure 20 provided with the nacelle 25 of the wind turbine, the blade 24, the support column 26, and the like can be easily transported on land for large-scale maintenance on land.

The substructure 10 may be a floating substructure such as a spar type or a semi-sub type, or a landing type substructure such as a monopile type or a jacket type. .. Further, the fork-shaped structure 51 having a pair of arm-shaped members 51a provided on the carrier 50 has a structure in which two arm-shaped members 51a are separated from each other and protrudes parallel to the rear side of the carrier 50 like a forklift. , The columns of the substructure 10 (or the columns of the superstructure 20) are configured to be inserted between the separated arm-shaped members 51a.

Further, the superstructure 20 is configured so that it can be easily held by a pair of arm-shaped members 51a provided on the carrier 50. In this configuration, by providing a joining stage 27 as an overhanging portion at the joining portion or in the vicinity of the joining portion, both sides of the lower surface of the joining stage 27 are placed or mounted on the pair of arm-shaped members 51a. Will be easy to do. With this configuration, the superstructure 20 can be easily fixed to the carrier 50. It is preferable that the joining stage 27 is also used as a deck used when maintaining the superstructure 20. Further, for the safety of workers, an enclosure 27a is provided around the joining stage 27.

In this method of joining offshore structures, the telescopic support 43 is expanded and contracted during the joining work of the substructure 10 and the superstructure 20, so that the distance between the position of the shaft and the position of the carrier 50 at the time of joining can be determined. Configure to adjust. With this configuration, it is better to expand and contract the telescopic support 43 to adjust the position than to adjust the ballast and settle the carrier 50 in order to adjust the height of the fork-shaped structure 51 having the pair of arm-shaped members 51a. Is quick and easy. Therefore, the working time and cost in the joining work can be reduced.

According to this offshore structure joining method, the superstructure 20 equipped with equipment and facilities such as the nacelle 25 of the wind power generator is placed on the substructure 10 at sea without using a large crane ship. It can be joined and assembled, and when large-scale maintenance is required, these devices and equipment can be easily removed and transported to land for easy maintenance work.

10 First member 11 Fixing member 12 Joining member 20 Second member 21 Fixing member 22 Joining member 27 Joining stage 30 First positioning member 31 First engaging portion 32 Mounting member 40 Second positioning member 41 Second engaging portion 42 Elastic support 43 Telescopic support 45 Mounting member 51 Fork-shaped structure 51a Arm-shaped member 52 Fall prevention holding part 52a Gripping member A Approaching direction

Claims (11)

A positioning system between members for positioning mutual positions in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction of the first member and the second member when positioning between the first member and the second member.
It is composed of a first positioning member fixed to the first member side and a second positioning member fixed to the second member side.
The first positioning member includes a first engaging portion, and the first positioning member includes a first engaging portion.
The second positioning member includes a second engaging portion that engages with the first engaging portion, and is located behind the second engaging portion with respect to the approaching direction between the first member and the second member. Equipped with an elastic support and a telescopic support,
Positioning between members is characterized in that the telescopic support is composed of a double-acting type hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic chambers before and after the pressure surface of the piston are connected by a hydraulic line, and a valve is provided in the hydraulic line. system. The first engaging portion is a male mold having a convex shape and the second engaging portion is a female mold having a concave shape, or the first engaging portion is a female mold having a concave shape. The positioning mechanism between members according to claim 1, wherein the second engaging portion is a male shape having a convex shape. The positioning mechanism between members according to claim 2, wherein the convex male shape has any one of a conical shape, a pyramid shape, a truncated cone shape, and a truncated cone shape. The first positioning member can be attached to and detached from the first member, the second positioning member can be attached to and detached from the second member , or the first positioning member and the second positioning member can be attached to and detached from each other . The positioning system between members according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first member and the second member are detachably provided. A member joining system, comprising a positioning system between the members according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A method for positioning between members, which comprises performing positioning work using the positioning system between the members according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A method for joining members according to claim 5, wherein the joining operation is performed using one or more of the member joining systems. The first member is a mooring structure moored in water or on water, an underwater structure standing on the bottom of the water, a water structure standing on the bottom of the water and having a portion protruding above the water, or standing on the ground. The method for joining members according to claim 7, wherein the member is one of the installed land structures. A positioning system between members for positioning mutual positions in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction of the first member and the second member when positioning between the first member and the second member.
It is composed of a first positioning member fixed to the first member side and a second positioning member fixed to the second member side.
The first positioning member includes a first engaging portion, and the first positioning member includes a first engaging portion.
The second positioning member includes a second engaging portion that engages with the first engaging portion, and is located behind the second engaging portion with respect to the approaching direction between the first member and the second member. It is characterized in that a joining operation is performed using one or a plurality of member joining systems, which are characterized by having a positioning system between members, which is characterized by having an elastic support and a telescopic support. It is a method of joining members,
A method for joining members, wherein the second member is a superstructure provided with a wind turbine. A fork-shaped structure having a pair of arm-shaped members provided on a carrier above the substructure in which the offshore structure is divided into a substructure and a superstructure and a part or all of the structure is maintained upright in water. In a method of joining an offshore structure in which the superstructure is moved while being held by the structure and the carrier is settled to lower the superstructure and place it on the upper side of the substructure.
A positioning system between members for positioning mutual positions in a plane perpendicular to the approaching direction of the first member and the second member when positioning between the first member and the second member.
It is composed of a first positioning member fixed to the first member side and a second positioning member fixed to the second member side.
The first positioning member includes a first engaging portion, and the first positioning member includes a first engaging portion.
The second positioning member includes a second engaging portion that engages with the first engaging portion, and is located behind the second engaging portion with respect to the approaching direction between the first member and the second member. It is characterized in that a joining operation is performed using one or a plurality of member joining systems, which are characterized by having a positioning system between members, which is characterized by having an elastic support and a telescopic support. A method for joining an offshore structure, which comprises using a method for joining members, the lower structure being the first member, and the superstructure being the second member. During the joining work of the substructure and the superstructure, the telescopic support is expanded and contracted to adjust the distance between the position of the shaft supporting the wind turbine and the nacelle at the time of joining and the position of the carrier. The method for joining an offshore structure according to claim 10.

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