JP6850174B2 - Measuring device, surveying system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a measuring device that can measure a distance and is also a target, and a surveying system that targets the measuring device.

In a surveying instrument such as a total station, a target device provided with a retroreflector such as a prism is set up on a pole, and the distance and angle to the prism are measured to perform the survey.

Generally, the target device is held by a worker or a jig so that it can be vertically erected (leveled) using a spirit level such as a bubble tube, but since it is installed by a human being, it is to some extent. Will be tilted. If the target device is installed at an angle, the position of the prism will deviate from the position to be measured, and a survey error will occur accordingly.

Therefore, a laser emitter and a mirror that deflects the laser beam are provided in the cavity of the all-around prism, the inclination of the all-around prism is detected by the tilt sensor, and the laser beam is deflected vertically downward by the mirror to measure the measurement point. A measurement instruction device has been developed (Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2015-010869

However, although the measurement instruction device of Patent Document 1 can point to a measurement point such as when staking, the distance (height) from the measurement point to the all-around prism is an external surveying instrument. Must be measured at.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to be able to perform distance measurement by emitting distance measurement light in an arbitrary direction and to perform distance measurement. It is an object of the present invention to provide a measuring device and a surveying system capable of accurately measuring the injection position of the light.

In order to achieve the above object, the measuring device according to the present invention is a measuring device that emits distance measuring light to measure the distance to an object, and includes a light emitting unit that emits the distance measuring light. A light receiving unit that receives the reflected distance measuring light reflected by the distance measuring light hitting the object, a distance measuring unit that calculates the distance to the object based on the reflected distance measuring light received by the light receiving unit, and the above. An attitude detection unit capable of detecting the emission direction of the distance measuring light emitted from the light emitting unit, a light deflection unit capable of deflecting the distance measuring light, and an emission direction of the distance measuring light detected by the attitude detecting unit. A light deflection control unit that deflects the light in an arbitrary direction by the light deflection unit, and a plurality of retroreflection units arranged around a deflection outlet portion from which the deflection distance measuring light deflected by the light deflection unit is emitted. , Equipped with.

Further, in the measuring device, the retroreflective portions are arranged equidistantly in all directions around the deflection outlet portion of the deflection distance measuring light.

Further, in the measuring device, the retroreflective portions are corner cube prisms of right-angled triangular pyramids, and the right-angled vertices are arranged on the deflection outlet portion side.

Further, in the measuring device, the retroreflective portions are corner cube prisms of right-angled triangular pyramids, and the right-angled vertices are arranged on the side away from the deflection outlet portion.

Further, in the measuring device, the retroreflective portion is a cylindrical body whose outer circumference forms a retroreflective surface.

Further, in the measuring device, the optical deflection control unit controls the optical deflection unit so that the deflection distance measuring light draws a circle.

Further, the surveying system according to the present invention includes the above-mentioned measuring device and a surveying instrument that performs surveying by targeting the retroreflector of the measuring device.

According to the invention using the above means, it is possible to measure the distance in any direction and to accurately measure the emission position of the distance measurement light.

It is an overall block diagram of the surveying system including the measuring apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the internal structure of the measuring apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view of the measuring apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is an external view of a prism. It is a front view which shows the retroreflector in the measuring apparatus of the 1st modification. It is a front view which shows the retroreflector in the measuring apparatus of the 2nd modification. It is explanatory drawing which shows the instruction pattern in the measuring apparatus of the 3rd modification.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration diagram of a surveying system including a measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the entire surveying system 1 will be described below based on the same diagram.

The surveying system 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a surveying instrument 2 such as a total station, and a measuring device 3 having a function of a target for the surveying instrument 2 and capable of measuring a distance by itself. In such a surveying system 1, a surveying instrument 2 is installed at a known point, and while the surveying instrument 2 measures the coordinates of the measuring device 3, the measuring device 3 measures the distance from the measuring device 3 to an object such as the ground. Measurement (distance measurement) is possible. The measuring device 3 can measure a distance to an object in an arbitrary direction, and in the present embodiment, the distance (height) from the ground surface to the measuring device 3 is set with the arbitrary direction vertically downward and the ground surface as the object. Will be described as measuring.

The surveying instrument 2 may be a known surveying instrument capable of measuring coordinates from a horizontal angle, a vertical angle, and an oblique distance to a target, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the measuring device 3, the main body 10 is supported by the support 4. The support 4 includes a rod-shaped pole portion 4a and an arm portion 4b that can move up and down along the pole portion 4a and swing up and down. One end of the pole portion 4a is sharp so that it can be erected with respect to the ground, and one end of the arm portion 4b is connected to the main body portion 10. In this way, the measuring device 3 supported by the support 4 can freely change the posture of the main body 10 by the arm 4b, and the posture of the main body 10 can be maintained by fixing the arm 4b. Is.

Further, the main body portion 10 is provided with a prism group 11 (retroreflective portion) on one end surface (front surface). The surveying instrument 2 makes a survey targeting the prism group 11.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the internal structure of the measuring device, FIG. 3 shows a front view of the measuring device, and FIG. 4 shows an external view of the prism. The structure of the measuring device 3 will be described with reference to the figure of.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the main body 10 of the measuring device 3 has a rectangular parallelepiped housing. On the back surface of the main body 10, a display unit 12 such as a liquid crystal display and an operation unit 13 including a group of switches are provided. The display unit 12 may also be used as the operation unit 13 as a touch panel.

Inside the main body 10, there is a light emitting unit 20 that emits distance measuring light, a light receiving unit 30 that receives reflected distance measuring light reflected by the distance measuring light hitting an object, and distance measuring light and reflected distance measuring light. It has an optical deflection unit 40 capable of deflecting the optical axis of the light. In FIG. 2, the emission optical axis L1 of the ranging light is shown by a long-dashed line, and the light receiving optical axis L2 of the reflected distance-finding light is shown by a long-dashed line.

Specifically, the light emitting unit 20 includes a light emitting element 21, a light projecting lens 22, a first reflecting mirror 23, and a second reflecting mirror 24. The light emitting element 21 is, for example, a laser diode, which is an element that emits visible laser light as distance measuring light. The light projecting lens 22 is a lens that parallelizes the ranging light emitted from the light emitting element 21. The first reflecting mirror 23 and the second reflecting mirror 24 are mirrors arranged so that the emitted optical axis L1 of the distance measuring light coincides with the received optical axis L2 of the reflected distance measuring light.

The light receiving unit 30 has a light receiving element 31 and an imaging lens 32. The light receiving element 31 is, for example, a photodiode, which is an element that receives reflected distance measurement light and converts it into a light receiving signal. The imaging lens 32 is a lens that forms an image of reflected ranging light on the light receiving element 31. The emission optical axis L1 of the distance measuring light emitted from the light emitting element 21 and the light receiving optical axis L2 of the reflected distance measuring light toward the light receiving element 31 are parallel to each other.

The light deflection unit 40 is provided on the objective side of the light emission unit 20 and the light receiving unit 30, and has a pair of Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b. The Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b each have a disk shape having the same diameter with the light receiving optical axis L2 as the central axis O, and are arranged in parallel on the objective side and the internal side.

One of the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b has a concavo-convex surface and the other surface has a smooth surface, and the concavo-convex surfaces are arranged so as to face each other. Further, the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b have injection deflection portions 42a and 42b in the central portion for deflecting the distance measurement light, and the light receiving deflection portion 43a in the outer peripheral side from the central portion for deflecting the reflected distance measurement light. It is 43b. The diameters of the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b are set by the light receiving deflection portions 43a and 43b so as to secure a sufficient amount of light in consideration of the spread of the reflected distance measuring light.

In the present embodiment, the injection deflection portions 42a and 42b are one prism element, for example, a wedge prism, and the light receiving deflection portions 43a and 43b are composed of a plurality of prism elements arranged in parallel. Further, each prism element has the same optical characteristics with respect to the degree of deflection of the optical axis and the like. The pair of Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b configured in this way can deflect the ranging light in an arbitrary direction by rotating relative to the central axis O, and the reflection measurement returning from the arbitrary direction. The distance light can be deflected in a direction parallel to the light receiving optical axis L2. The configuration of the prism element is not limited to this. Further, the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b may be manufactured from optical glass, but may be molded from an optical plastic material and manufactured at low cost.

Ring gears 44a and 44b are provided on the outer circumferences of the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b, respectively, and the ring gears 44a and 44b are meshed with the corresponding drive gears 45a and 45b, respectively. The drive gears 45a and 45b are rotationally driven by the motors 46a and 46b, and the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b can be individually rotated around the central axis O via the ring gears 44a and 44b.

As the motors 46a and 46b, those capable of detecting the rotation angle or those that rotate corresponding to the drive input value, for example, a pulse motor are used. Alternatively, a rotation detector for detecting the rotation amount (rotation angle) of the motors 46a and 46b, for example, an encoder (not shown) or the like may be separately used to detect the rotation amount of the motors 46a and 46b.

Further, on the smooth surface of the Fresnel prism 41a on the objective side, a glass plate 14 having the same diameter as the Fresnel prism 41a is rotatably attached to the Fresnel prism 41a. The surface of the glass plate 14 faces the outside, and a prism group 11 is provided on the surface of the glass plate 14. The glass plate 14 is preferably removable from the Fresnel prism 41a on the objective side, whereby the prism group 11 can be easily replaced.

The prism group 11 is composed of four corner cube prisms 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d, each of which has retroreflective properties. As shown in FIG. 4, one corner cube prism 11a has a right-angled triangular pyramid shape in which three flat plates are combined at right angles to each other, and the bottom surface is the incident surface I with respect to the right-angled apex V. , The light entering from the incident surface I is reflected in the same direction. The other corner cube prisms 11a have the same shape.

In the prism group 11 of the present embodiment, the corner cube prisms 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are arranged on all sides so as to surround the injection deflection portion 42a with the central axis O of the Fresnel prism 41a as the center. The corner cube prisms 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are arranged so that the right-angled vertices V are directed toward the central axis O, that is, the incident surface I is directed away from the central axis O.

Further, various control units having an arithmetic processing function are mounted inside the main body 10, and for example, a distance measuring unit 50, a posture detection unit 51, and an optical deflection control unit 52 are mounted. Each of these units includes a computing unit (CPU), a storage unit, and one or a plurality of computers having an input / output unit, and functions based on various programs stored in the storage unit.

The distance measuring unit 50 has a function of emitting distance measuring light by the light emitting element 21 and calculating (distance measuring) the distance to the object based on the signal received by the light receiving element 31 of the reflected distance measuring light.

In the distance measuring unit 50, the distance measuring light from the light emitting element 21 inside the main body 10 passes through the glass plate 14 with respect to the actually measured distance calculated from the emission of the distance measuring light to the reception of the reflected distance measuring light. The distance to the center of the glass plate 14, that is, the deflected ranging light (deflected ranging light) is corrected by correcting the distance to the distance until the reflected distance measuring light from the glass plate 14 reaches the light receiving element 31. ) Is calculated as the distance from the main body 10 to the object.

The attitude detection unit 51 has a function of detecting the emission direction of the ranging light emitted from the light emitting element 21, that is, the attitude (inclination angle, inclination direction) of the emission light axis L1 with respect to the horizontal.

Specifically, in the light emitting unit 20, the emission optical axis L1 of the ranging light emitted from the light emitting element 21 is fixed to the main body 10, so that the posture detecting unit 51 determines the posture of the main body 10. By detecting, the emission direction of the ranging light is detected. The attitude detection unit 51 supports the tilt sensor or acceleration sensor by, for example, a two-axis gimbal mechanism, and detects the attitude of the main body 10 from the angle of the two axes when the tilt sensor or acceleration sensor detects horizontal. (For a specific configuration, refer to, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-151423). In addition to this, the posture detection unit 51 may detect the posture of the main body 10 by, for example, an acceleration sensor.

Further, the light deflection control unit 52 rotates the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b so that the emission direction of the ranging light detected by the attitude detection unit 51 is deflected in an arbitrary direction by the light deflection unit 40, respectively. Has the function of driving.

Specifically, the optical deflection control unit 52 acquires the rotation angles of the motors 46a and 46b, calculates the rotation positions of the frennel prisms 41a and 41b, and bends the injection deflection units 42a and 42b and the light receiving deflection units 43a and 43b. Based on the rate and the rotation position, the deviation angle (change direction) of the distance measurement light and the emission direction of the deflection distance measurement light after deflection are calculated, and each motor so that the deflection distance measurement light is in an arbitrary predetermined direction. The rotation angles of 46a and 46b are controlled.

Next, the operation of the surveying system 1 including the measuring device 3 configured in this way will be described.

In the measuring device 3, the attitude detection unit 51 detects the emission direction of the ranging light (emission optical axis L1), and the light deflection control unit 52 deflects the emission direction of the deflection distance measurement light vertically downward. To control.

As a result, the deflection distance measuring light emitted to the outside from the injection deflection portion 42a of the Fresnel prism 41a on the objective side always points vertically downward. The reflected distance-finding light reflected by the deflected distance-finding light hitting the ground surface, which is an object, is deflected in a direction parallel to the light-receiving optical axis L2 by the light-receiving deflection portions 43a and 43b of the pair of Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b. An image is formed by the light receiving element 31 via the image lens 32.

Then, the distance measurement result calculated by the distance measuring unit 50 based on the information of the reflected distance measuring light received by the light receiving element 31 becomes the distance (height) from the injection deflection unit 42a in the Fresnel prism 41a on the objective side to the ground surface. , These information are displayed on the display unit 12, stored in a storage unit (not shown), or transmitted to an external device via a communication unit (not shown).

On the other hand, the surveying instrument 2 tracks the prism group 11 of the measuring device 3 and is reflected from the surveying instrument 2 reflected from any one or a plurality of corner cube prisms 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d of the prism group 11. By receiving the distance-finding light, the coordinates of the main body 10 of the measuring device 3, strictly speaking, the coordinates of the emission position (deflection outlet portion) of the deflection distance-finding light are calculated. The surveying instrument 2 obtains the distance information from the corner cube prisms 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d in advance to the central axis O of the Fresnel prism 41a, which is the emission position of the deflection distance measurement light, so that the actual measurement value is obtained. It is possible to correct to a more accurate emission position of the deflection distance measurement light.

As a specific work example, when it is desired to measure the position of the measurement point, the operator first brings the measuring device 3 near the measurement point. Then, a deflection distance measuring light directed vertically downward is emitted from the measuring device 3, and the point indicated by the deflection distance measuring light is made to coincide with the measurement point, so that the main body 10 is vertically above the measuring point. Place in. At the same time, the measuring device 3 measures the distance (height) vertically below. In this way, the measuring device 3 can detect the coordinates of the measuring point by measuring the prism group 11 as a target with the surveying instrument 2 installed at the known point.

As described above, according to the measuring device 3 in the present embodiment, the object in any direction can be instructed regardless of the posture of the main body 10, so that complicated leveling work is not required and the skill of the operator is questioned. It is possible to easily and accurately grasp the position of the object. In addition, the measuring device 3 can measure the distance to the object together with the instruction, and the measurement accuracy can be improved by using the distance measuring result. Then, the measuring device 3 is provided with the prism group 11 around the deflection outlet portion where the deflection distance measurement light deflected by the light deflection unit 40 is emitted, so that the deflection distance measurement light is emitted with respect to the emission position. Since there is no bias, the coordinates of the measuring device 3 can be easily and accurately measured by the external surveying instrument 2 regardless of the direction of the main body 10.

In particular, since the prism group 11 is arranged at equal distances in all directions around the injection deflection portion 42a of the Fresnel prism 41a on the objective side, which is the deflection outlet portion, there is no bias with respect to the deflection distance measurement light. , The emission position of the deflection distance measuring light can be measured regardless of the orientation of the main body 10.

Then, according to the surveying system 1 using such a measuring device 3, it is possible to measure the distance while instructing the object by the measuring device 3, and the prism group 11 of the measuring device 3 is targeted. Therefore, the surveying instrument 2 can easily and accurately measure the coordinates of the measuring device 3.

Although the description of the embodiment of the present invention is completed above, the aspect of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

In the above embodiment, the retroreflector provided in the measuring device 3 is a prism group 11 composed of four right-angled triangular pyramid corner cube prisms 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d, and the right-angled apex V of each corner cube prism is , Although it is arranged on the central axis O side of the Frenel prisms 41a and 41b which are the deflection outlet portions of the deflection distance measurement light, the configuration and arrangement of the retroreflector are not limited to this.

For example, FIG. 5 shows a retroreflector in the measuring device of the first modification. The same configurations as those in the above embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals as those in the above embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted. The same applies to the following modification.

The retroreflector in the first modification comprises the same four right-angled triangular pyramid corner cube prisms as in the above embodiment, but the right-angled vertices V of each corner cube prism 11a', 11b', 11c', and 11d' are centered. It is arranged on the side away from the axis O, that is, the incident surface I is arranged inward. In the arrangement of the prism groups of the above embodiment, the distance measuring light from the side can be reflected by any of the corner cube prisms 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, which is preferable. May be good. In addition to this, the shape of the prism may be a shape other than the right-angled triangular pyramid, or the number and arrangement of the prisms may be changed.

Moreover, the retroreflector is not limited to the prism. For example, FIG. 6 shows a retroreflector in the measuring device of the second modification.

As shown in the figure, the retroreflector in the second modification is composed of a cylindrical retroreflector 15 whose outer peripheral surface is a retroreflective sheet. The inner circumference of the cylindrical retroreflector 15 has substantially the same diameter as the injection deflection portion 42a of the Fresnel prism 41a, and is arranged concentrically with the injection deflection portion 42a. In such a cylindrical retroreflector 15, the retroreflector can be arranged without a gap like the prism group of the first embodiment and the first modification.

Further, in the above embodiment, the measuring device 3 is set to instruct vertically downward by the deflected ranging light, but the emission direction of the deflected ranging light is set to an arbitrary direction such as vertically upward or horizontal. It is possible. This makes it possible to measure a predetermined position such as a pipe in a building.

Further, FIG. 6 shows an instruction pattern of the measuring device in the third modification. As shown in the figure, the Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b may be rotationally driven so that the deflection distance measuring light draws a circular pattern centered on the indicated position under the control of the light deflection control unit 52. Thereby, the indicated position can be indicated more clearly. The indicated pattern is not limited to a circular shape, and may have other shapes.

Further, the light deflection unit 40 in the above embodiment deflects light by a pair of Fresnel prisms 41a and 41b, but other light deflection means such as a galvanometer mirror may be used, for example.

1 Surveying system 2 Surveying instrument 3 Measuring device 4 Support 10 Main body 11 Prism group 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d Prism 14 Glass plate 15 Cylindrical retroreflector 20 Light emitting part 21 Light emitting element 30 Light receiving part 31 Light receiving element 40 Light deflection Part 41a, 41b Fresnel prism 42a, 42b Emission deflection part 43a, 43b Light receiving deflection part 44a, 44b Ring gear 45a, 45b Drive gear 46a, 46b Motor 50 Distance measuring part 51 Attitude detection part 52 Light deflection control part L1 Emission optical axis L2 Light receiving optical axis

Claims (7)

A measuring device that emits ranging light to measure the distance to an object.
The light emitting unit that emits the distance measurement light and
A light receiving unit that receives the reflected distance measuring light that the distance measuring light hits the object and is reflected.
A distance measuring unit that calculates the distance to the object based on the reflected distance measuring light received by the light receiving unit, and a distance measuring unit.
An attitude detection unit capable of detecting the emission direction of the ranging light emitted from the light emitting unit,
An optical deflection unit capable of deflecting the ranging light and
An optical deflection control unit that deflects the emission direction of the ranging light detected by the attitude detection unit in an arbitrary direction by the optical deflection unit.
A plurality of retroreflective parts arranged around the deflection outlet part from which the deflection distance measuring light deflected by the light deflection part is emitted, and
A measuring device equipped with. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the retroreflective unit is arranged equidistantly on all four sides with the deflection outlet portion of the deflected ranging light as a center. The measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the retroreflective portions is a corner cube prism having a right-angled triangular pyramid, and the right-angled vertices are arranged on the deflection outlet portion side. The measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the retroreflective portions is a corner cube prism having a right-angled triangular pyramid, and the right-angled vertices are arranged on a side away from the deflection outlet portion. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the retroreflective unit is a cylindrical body whose outer circumference forms a retroreflective surface. The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical deflection control unit controls the optical deflection unit so that the deflection distance measuring light draws a circle. The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
A surveying instrument that targets the retroreflective part of the measuring device and
Surveying system equipped with.

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