JP6842113B2 - Thermoelectric converter - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion device.

Conventional thermoelectric converters perform electronic cooling, electronic heating, and the like by utilizing the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect of a Peltier element or the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1 or 2).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-174204 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-252527

However, in the conventional thermoelectric conversion device as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is necessary to join different kinds of substances in order to generate the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect. Therefore, there is a problem that the range of application is limited.

The present invention has focused on such a problem, and provides a thermoelectric conversion device capable of performing electron cooling and electron heating using a single substance having no bonding interface and expanding the range of applications. The purpose is to provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention has a magnetic material and a current application means provided so that a current can be applied to the magnetic material, and the magnetic material is made of a single substance. Therefore, when a current is applied to the magnetic material by the current applying means, there are a plurality of regions inside the magnetic material in which the relative angles between the direction of magnetization and the direction of the current are different. It is a feature.

The thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention has a boundary between each region by applying a current with a current application means so that there are a plurality of regions inside the magnetic material in which the relative angles between the magnetization direction and the current direction are different. Can generate heat absorption and release. In the normal Peltier effect, when conductors with different Peltier coefficients are joined and an electric current is passed through them, heat is absorbed or released at the joint, whereas in the thermoelectric converter according to the present invention. Even if the magnetic material is composed of a single substance, heat absorption and release can be generated at the boundary of each region.

Here, in order to create a plurality of regions in which the relative angles between the magnetization direction and the current direction are different, a current may be passed through a magnetic material having a non-uniform magnetization structure, and the magnetization is unidirectional. An electric current may be passed through a magnetic material that is aligned and has at least one bent / bent shape. Alternatively, a magnetic field may be locally applied to the magnetic material to allow an electric current to flow through the magnetic material that is partially magnetized. That is, when "relative angles are different", it is assumed that one of the two regions has magnetization and has a relative angle, and the other region has no magnetization and no relative angle. ..

In the thermoelectric conversion apparatus according to the present invention, the magnetic material is preferably made of a ferromagnetic material or a ferrimagnetic material, and particularly preferably made of a ferromagnetic metal. In the following, the effect of generating heat absorption and release by a magnetic material composed of a single substance by the thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention is compared with the normal Peltier effect, and the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect ( It is called Anisotropic magneto-Peltier effect). This is a phenomenon in which the Peltier coefficient depends on the relative angle between the magnetization and the current. In principle, if it is possible to create a plurality of regions in which the relative angles between the direction of magnetic order and the direction of current are different, not only ferromagnets and ferrimagnets, but also antiferromagnetism without net magnetization. The thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention can also be configured by using a body.

The thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention is configured such that when the current is applied, at least one of the direction of magnetization and the direction of the current differs between adjacent regions of the magnetic material. Is preferable. In this case, the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect can be effectively generated.

In the thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention, the magnetic material may be made of a material having magnetocrystalline anisotropy or shape magnetic anisotropy in order to create different states in regions where the magnetization directions are adjacent to each other. .. In this case, the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect can be easily generated only by passing a current through the magnetic material in a certain direction.

Further, in the thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention, even if the magnetic material is a material that does not have crystal magnetic anisotropy or shape magnetic anisotropy, a part or the whole of the magnetic material is magnetized. As described above, it is preferable to have a magnetic field applying means provided so that a magnetic field can be applied to the magnetic material. In this case, the magnetic material has a curved shape along the current path through which the current flows so that the direction of the current changes, and the magnetic field applying means magnetizes the entire magnetic material in a certain direction. The magnetic field may be applied so as to be applied. Further, the magnetic field applying means may be provided so that the magnetic field can be applied so that a part of the magnetic material is magnetized. Even in these cases, the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect can be effectively generated.

As described above, the thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention can perform electron cooling and electron heating using a single substance having no bonding interface. Therefore, the range of application can be expanded as compared with the case of joining different types of substances. As such an application range, for example, the wiring of an integrated circuit can be locally heated and cooled by forming the wiring of an integrated circuit with a magnetic material of the thermoelectric conversion device according to the present invention and passing an electric current through it. At this time, the cooling / heating can be easily controlled by controlling the direction of magnetization of the cooling / heating portion by the magnetic field applying means. Further, since there is no physical joint surface in the magnetic body constituting the thermoelectric conversion device, a long life can be expected.

In the thermoelectric conversion apparatus according to the present invention, the magnetic material is preferably made of nickel or an alloy such as a Ni—Fe alloy containing 40 wt% or more of nickel. In this case, the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect can be effectively generated.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a thermoelectric conversion device capable of performing electronic cooling and electronic heating using a single substance having no bonding interface and expanding the range of applications.

(A) A plan view showing the structure of the thermoelectric conversion device according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the magnetic material is made of a material having a non-uniform magnetizing structure, and (b) the thermoelectric conversion device according to the embodiment of the present invention. A plan view showing a configuration in which the magnetic material is U-shaped and has a magnetic field applying means, (c) a configuration in which the magnetic field applying means applies a magnetic field to a part of the magnetic material in the thermoelectric conversion device according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a plan view which shows (d), and is a plan view explaining the Perche effect of the comparative example. FIG. 1 (b) is a plan view showing the configuration of an experiment for investigating the anisotropic magnetic Pelche effect of the thermoelectric converter shown in FIG. 1 (b), (b) the applied current J _c is 1.00 A, and the applied magnetic field H is 12.0 kOe, ( c) Magnetic material generated in response to the applied current when the applied current J _c is 1.00 A, the applied magnetic field H is 0.0 kOe, (d) the applied current J _c is 1.00 A, and the applied magnetic field H is -12.0 kOe. It is an image of the amplitude A of the temperature change of the above and an image of the phase φ of the temperature change with respect to the applied current. _{(A) Amplitude A even} image obtained by adding FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (d) and dividing by 2, (b) Phase by adding FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. 2 (d) and dividing by 2. φ _{even image, (c) Amplitude A odd} image obtained by taking the difference between FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. 2 (d) and dividing by 2, (d) Difference between FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. 2 (d). _{It is a phase φ odd} image obtained by taking and dividing by 2. _{When the magnitude of the applied current J c} of the thermoelectric converter shown in FIG. 1 (b) is 1.00 A and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is changed in the range of 0.7 to 12.0 kOe, (a) each applied magnetic field _{The amplitude A even} image at the magnitude of H _{, (b) the phase φ even} image at the magnitude of each applied magnetic field H _{, the amplitude A even} at the positions L and R in (c) (a), and the applied magnetic field. It is a graph which shows the relationship with the magnitude of H, and is a graph which shows the relationship between the phase φ _even at the position of L and R in (d) and (b), and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H. _{(A) Each applied current when the magnitude of the applied current J c} of the thermoelectric converter shown in FIG. 1 (b) is changed in the range of 0.16 to 1.00 A and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is 12.0 kOe. _{Amplitude A even} image at the magnitude of J _c , (b) _{Phase φ even} image at the magnitude of _{each applied current J c , (c) Amplitude A even} at the positions of L and R in (a), It is a graph which shows the relationship with the magnitude of the applied current J _{c , and is a graph which shows the relationship between the phase φ even} at the position of L and R in (d) and (b), and the magnitude of the applied current J _{c. (A) Amplitude A even} image, (b) Phase _{when the magnitude of the applied current J c} is 1.00 A and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is 12.0 kOe in the thermoelectric converter shown in FIG. 1 (b). The φ _{even image, (c) the amplitude A even} image when the direction of the applied magnetic field H is rotated by 90 degrees, and (d) the phase φ _even image at that time. Types of magnetic materials when a plurality of types of magnetic materials of the thermoelectric conversion device shown in FIG. 1 (b) are used, _{the magnitude of the applied current J c} is 1.00 A, and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is 12.0 kOe. Each is (a) an amplitude A _even image and (b) a phase φ _even image. (A) Amplitude at the boundary position between the central portion and each end portion of the magnetic material, which was obtained from the results of _{Ni, Fe, and PB-45 permalloy (Ni 45} Fe ₅₅ ) shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). It is a graph which shows the relationship between A _even and (b) phase φ _even, and the compounding amount (x) of Ni. A perspective view showing the configuration of an experiment for investigating the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect using a linear magnetic material of the thermoelectric conversion device according to the embodiment of the present invention, and (b) an amplitude A showing the experimental result. _{It is an even} image and (c) a phase φ _even image.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 9 show a thermoelectric conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the thermoelectric conversion device 10 includes a magnetic material 11 and a current applying means 12.

The magnetic body 11 is made of a ferromagnetic metal. The magnetic material 11 is made of a material having magnetizations in different directions between adjacent regions due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy, shape magnetic anisotropy, non-uniform magnetic field, and the like. The current applying means 12 is provided so that a current can be applied to the magnetic body 11.

In a specific example shown in FIG. 1 (a), the magnetic body 11 is elongated, and a plurality of regions having different directions of magnetization M (arrows in FIG. 1 (a)) are arranged in order along the length direction. Have been placed. The current applying means 12 is configured to allow _{a current Jc} to flow along the length direction of the magnetic body 11. _{In the thermoelectric conversion device 10, the current J c is} passed through the magnetic body 11 in a certain direction by the current applying means 12, so that the relative angles between the directions of the magnetization M and the directions of the current J _{c are different between the adjacent regions.} It has become like.

Next, the action will be described.
When a current is passed through the current application means 12, the thermoelectric conversion device 10 has a plurality of regions inside the magnetic body 11 in which the relative angles between the magnetization directions and the current directions are different. Can generate heat absorption and release. In the normal Peltier effect, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), when conductors A and B having different Peltier coefficients are joined and an electric current is passed, heat absorption and release occur at the joint. As shown in FIG. 1A, the thermoelectric conversion device 10 absorbs and releases heat at the boundary of each region even if the magnetic material 11 is made of a single substance due to the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect. Can be generated.

As described above, the thermoelectric conversion device 10 can perform electron cooling and electron heating using a single substance having no bonding interface. Therefore, the range of application can be expanded as compared with the case of joining different types of substances. For example, in the case of a conventional device, the thermoelectric characteristics are determined by the material and structure, but in the case of an element based on the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, the thermoelectric characteristics and electronic cooling can be achieved by changing the bending method and magnetization arrangement of the material. It is highly versatile because the heating location can be changed. As an application method, it is conceivable that the wiring material of the electronic device is a material exhibiting an anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, and the device can be locally heated and cooled according to the bending method and the magnetization arrangement of the material. it can.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the thermoelectric conversion device 10 has a magnetic field applying means 13 capable of applying a magnetic field to the entire magnetic body 11, and the magnetic body 11 is not a material having magnetic anisotropy. , so that the direction of the current J _c changes may have a shape bent along a current path through which current J _c (the U-shape Figure 1 (b)). In this case, by applying a magnetic field in the predetermined direction to the magnetic body 11 by the magnetic field applying unit 13, between the region where the direction of the current path is different, different relative angle between the direction of orientation and the current J _c of the magnetization M It has become like. As a result, heat absorption and release can be generated by the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect at the position where the direction of the current path changes.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), in the thermoelectric conversion device 10, the magnetic body 11 is not a material having magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic field applying means 13 is provided so that a magnetic field can be applied to a part of the magnetic body 11. It may be. _{In this case, by passing a current J c} in a certain direction through the magnetic body 11 by the current applying means 12, the direction of _{the magnetization M and the direction of the current J c} are determined in the region of the magnetic body 11 magnetized by the application of the magnetic field. while the relative angle obtained in the other regions, the magnetization does not exist, can not be obtained relative angle between the magnetization direction and the direction of the current J _c, it becomes a relative angle different between the regions ing. As a result, heat absorption and release can be generated at the boundary of each region by the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect using the thermoelectric conversion device 10 shown in FIG. 1 (b). In the experiment, a magnetic material 11 made of nickel (Ni) was used. As shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 2 (a), the magnetic body 11 has a U-shape in which both end portions 11b extend vertically in the same direction with respect to the central portion 11a. There is. In the experiment, the current application means 12 were connected to both ends of the magnetic body 11 so that the current flowed along the U-shape of the magnetic body 11.

The experiment was performed by Lock-in thermography. That is, during the experiment, the current applying means 12, switches the direction of current flow J _c in 1～25Hz, the temperature of the magnetic body 11 captured by the infrared camera in the early 100Hz frame rate than the distance between the switching time, current The temperature change that occurred in response to the change was observed. Further, during the experiment, the magnetic field H was applied by the magnetic field applying means 13 along the length direction of the central portion 11a of the magnetic body 11. The direction of application of the magnetic field can be changed.

Amplitude images and phase images were obtained by Fourier transform from a plurality of images obtained by an infrared camera. The amplitude image shows the absolute value of the magnitude of the temperature change generated in response to the current change (hereinafter, amplitude A), and the phase image shows the delay of the temperature change (hereinafter, phase φ) with respect to the switching of the current. There is. When the applied current and the temperature change change in the same phase, it represents a heat generation signal, and when it changes in the opposite phase, it represents an endothermic signal. Since the thermoelectric effect can be observed with high sensitivity, the lock-in thermography method was used in this experiment, but the means for observing the temperature change generated by the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect may be the ordinary thermography method or a magnetic material. A method of directly attaching a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple or a resistance temperature detector may be used.

When the applied current J _c is 1.00 A and the applied magnetic field H is 12.0 kOe, 0.0 kOe, and -12.0 kOe, respectively, the image of the amplitude A and the image of the phase φ of the magnetic material 11 are shown in FIGS. Shown in d). The plus and minus of the applied magnetic field indicate that the applied magnetic fields are opposite to each other, and the directions of the applied magnetic fields are shown in the drawings (the same applies hereinafter). As shown in FIGS. 2 (b) to 2 (d), when a magnetic field is applied (when FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (d)), the boundary position between the central portion 11a and each end portion 11b of the magnetic body 11 It was confirmed that it generated heat and absorbed heat.

_{Amplitude A even} image and phase φ _even image obtained by adding the amplitude image and phase image of FIG. 2 (b) and the amplitude image and phase image of FIG. 2 (d) in which the directions of the applied magnetic fields are opposite to each other and dividing by 2. Are shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), respectively. _{Further, the amplitude A odd} image and the phase φ _odd image obtained by taking the difference between the amplitude image and the phase image of FIG. 2 (b) and the amplitude image and the phase image of FIG. 2 (d) and dividing by 2 are obtained, respectively. It is shown in FIG. 3 (c) and FIG. 3 (d). A _even and φ _even indicate the amplitude and phase shift of the temperature change due to the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, and A _odd and φ _odd indicate the amplitude and phase shift of the temperature change due to the anomalous Ettingshausen effect. It shows the deviation. The anomalous Ettingshausen effect is a phenomenon in which when a current is applied to the conductive ferromagnetic material 11 in a direction orthogonal to the magnetization, a heat flow is induced in a direction orthogonal to both the magnetization and the current. It shows the opposite effect of the abnormal Nernst effect.

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a temperature change signal was observed in the _{amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image at the boundary position between the central portion 11a of the magnetic body 11 and each end portion 11b. It can be confirmed that the temperature change is caused by the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect. Here, the phase is 180 ° different between the boundary position where the current flows from the end portion 11b of the magnetic body 11 toward the central portion 11a and the boundary position where the current flows from the central portion 11a to the end portion 11b of the magnetic body 11. The former corresponds to the heat absorption signal due to the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, and the latter corresponds to the heat generation signal. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d) _{, temperature change signals are observed in the amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image at each end 11b of the magnetic body 11, and the temperature due to the abnormal etching Schauzen effect. It can be confirmed that the change has occurred.

In the following examples, in order to investigate the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, the applied magnetic field H is inverted and an experiment is performed to obtain _{A even} and φ _even.

In order to investigate the magnetic field dependence of the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, experiments were conducted by changing the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H. The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the magnitudes of the applied current _{Jc and the applied magnetic field H.} In the experiment, the magnitude of the applied current J _c was set to 1.00 A, and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H was changed in the range of 0.7 to 12.0 kOe.

_{Among the experimental results, the amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image when the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is changed are shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), respectively. _{Further, the relationship between the amplitude A even} at the positions L and R in FIG. 4A and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is shown in FIG. 4C, respectively. _{Further, the relationship between the phase φ even} at the positions of L and R in FIG. 4 (b) and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is shown in FIG. 4 (d), respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D, temperature change signals are observed in the _{amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image at the boundary position between the central portion 11a and each end portion 11b of the magnetic body 11, which are different. It was confirmed that the temperature change due to the directional magnetic Peltier effect occurred. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4C, the amplitude A _even due to the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect increases as the applied magnetic field H increases until the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H is about 5 kOe. , It was confirmed that it saturates when it becomes larger than about 5 kOe. This reflects the magnetization process of the magnetic body 11, and indicates that the signal of the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetization of the magnetic body 11.

In order to investigate the current dependence of the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, experiments were conducted by changing the magnitude of the _{applied current J c.} The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the magnitudes of the applied current _{Jc and the applied magnetic field H.} In the experiment, the magnitude of the applied current J _c was changed in the range of 0.16 to 1.00 A, and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H was set to 12.0 kOe.

Among the experimental results, _{the amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image when the magnitude of the _{applied current J c} is changed are shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), respectively. Also, the amplitude A _{the even} at the position of L and R in FIG. 5 (a), the relationship between the magnitude of the applied current J _c, shown in FIGS 5 (c). _{Further, the relationship between the phase φ even} at the positions L and R in FIG. 5 (b) and the magnitude of the applied current J _c is shown in FIG. 5 (d), respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5D, temperature change signals are observed in the _{amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image at the boundary position between the central portion 11a and each end portion 11b of the magnetic body 11, which are different. It was confirmed that the temperature change due to the directional magnetic Peltier effect occurred. As shown in FIG. 5 (a) and (c), the amplitude A _{the even} by anisotropic magneto Peltier effect is proportional to the applied current J _c, applied current J _c be increased in accordance with increases were confirmed.

In order to investigate the direction dependence of the applied magnetic field of the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, an experiment was conducted in which the direction of the applied magnetic field H was changed. The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the magnitude of the applied current _{Jc and the magnitude and direction of the applied magnetic field H.} In the experiment, the magnitude of the applied current J _c was 1.00 A, and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H was 12.0 kOe. Further, the direction of the applied magnetic field H is along the length direction of the central portion 11a of the magnetic body 11 and the direction rotated by 90 degrees from the central portion 11a, that is, along the extension direction of both end portions 11b of the magnetic body 11. There are two types of directions.

_{Among the experimental results, the amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image when the magnetic field H is applied in the direction along the length direction of the central portion 11a of the magnetic body 11 are shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), respectively. Shown. Further, FIGS. 6 (c) and 6 (d) show _{an amplitude A even} image and a phase φ _even image when the magnetic field H is applied in the direction along the extension direction of both end portions 11b of the magnetic body 11.

As shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D, temperature change signals are observed in the _{amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image at the boundary position between the central portion 11a and each end portion 11b of the magnetic body 11, which are different. It was confirmed that the temperature change due to the directional magnetic Peltier effect occurred. As shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (c), even if the direction of the applied magnetic field H is rotated by 90 degrees, the amplitude A _even due to the anisotropic magnetic Perche effect hardly changes, but FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (b) and ( _{As shown in d), it was confirmed that the phase φ even} changed by 180 ° due to the anisotropic magnetic Pelche effect by rotating the direction of the applied magnetic field H by 90 degrees. This is because when the direction of the applied magnetic field H is rotated by 90 degrees, the relative angle between the current and the magnetization at the central portion 11a of the magnetic body 11 and the relative angle between the current and the magnetization at both end portions 11b are exchanged, and the sign of the temperature change is changed. This is to reverse.

In order to investigate the material dependence of the magnetic material 11 of the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect, experiments were conducted on a plurality of types of magnetic materials 11. The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the magnitudes of the applied current _{Jc and the applied magnetic field H.} In the experiment, the magnitude of the applied current J _c was 1.00 A, and the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H was 12.0 kOe. The materials of the magnetic material 11 include Ni, Fe, Co, PC-78 permalloy, PB-45 permalloy, 42-alloy, and Super invar. ) 7 types.

Among the experimental results, the amplitude A _even image and the phase φ _even image for each type of the magnetic material 11 are shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), respectively. As shown in FIG. 7, it was confirmed that the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect was remarkably observed in Ni, but hardly observed in Fe and Co. It was also confirmed that, in the Fe-Ni alloy, the PB-45 permalloy had a larger anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect than the PC-78 permalloy, though not as much as Ni. In addition, 42 alloys and superinvar had irregular amplitude and phase patterns, and the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect was not clearly observed.

From the results of Ni, Fe, and PB-45 permalloy shown in FIG. 7, the amplitude A _even and the phase φ _even at the boundary position between the central portion 11a and each end portion 11b of the magnetic material 11 and the blending amount of Ni (x) The relationship with is obtained and shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), respectively. As shown in FIG. 8, in the Fe—Ni alloy, _{it was confirmed that the larger the blending amount of Ni, the larger the amplitude A even} , and the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect effectively appears. It was also confirmed that the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect was observed when the amount of Ni was 40% or more.

As shown in FIG. 1 (c), if a magnetic field can be locally applied to the magnetic body 11, the shape of the magnetic body 11 does not necessarily have to have a bent / bent structure. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9A, an experiment was conducted to investigate the anisotropic magnetic Peltier effect using a linear magnetic material 11 made of Ni. In the experiment, the current application means 12 were connected to both ends of the magnetic body 11 so that the current flowed from one end to the other end of the magnetic body 11. Further, the magnetic field applying means 13 made of a permanent magnet was arranged in contact with the central portion 11a of the magnetic body 11 so that the magnetic field was applied only to the central portion 11a of the magnetic body 11. The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the applied current _{Jc and the applied magnetic field H.} In the experiment, _{the magnitude of the applied current J c} was set to 1.00 A. The magnetic field strength H on the surface of the permanent magnet, which is the magnetic field applying means 13, is about 5 kOe.

Of the experimental results, the amplitude A _even image and the phase φ _even image are shown in FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (c), respectively. As shown in FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (c), temperature change signals are observed in the _{amplitude A even} image and the phase φ _even image at the boundary position of the permanent magnet which is the magnetic field applying means 13, and the anisotropic magnetic Perche effect. It was confirmed that the temperature was changed due to the above.

10 Thermoelectric converter 11 Magnetic material 11a Central part 11b End part 12 Current application means 13 Magnetic field application means

Claims (9)

With magnetic material
It has a current applying means provided so that a current can be applied to the magnetic material.
The magnetic material consists of a single substance
When a current is applied to the magnetic material by the current applying means, a plurality of regions having different relative angles between the direction of magnetization and the direction of the current exist inside the magnetic material. Thermoelectric converter. The first aspect of the present invention, wherein when the current is applied, at least one of the direction of the magnetization and the direction of the current is different between adjacent regions of the magnetic material. Thermoelectric converter. The thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the magnetic material has magnetizations in different directions between adjacent regions. The thermoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a magnetic field applying means provided so that a magnetic field can be applied to the magnetic material so that a part or the whole of the magnetic material is magnetized. The magnetic material has a curved shape along the current path through which the current flows so that the direction of the current changes.
The thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 4, wherein the magnetic field applying means is provided so that the magnetic field can be applied so that the entire magnetic material is magnetized in a certain direction. The thermoelectric conversion device according to claim 4, wherein the magnetic field applying means is provided so that the magnetic field can be applied so that a part of the magnetic material is magnetized. The thermoelectric conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the magnetic material is made of a ferromagnetic material, a ferrimagnetic material or an antiferromagnetic material. The thermoelectric conversion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the magnetic material is made of nickel or an alloy containing 40 wt% or more of nickel. The thermoelectric conversion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the magnetic material is made of nickel or a Ni—Fe alloy containing 40 wt% or more of nickel.