JP6828939B1 - Power generation elements, power generation equipment, electronic devices, and power generation methods - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generation element capable of further improving power generation efficiency. A power generation element according to one of the embodiments is a power generation element that utilizes a difference in work function between electrodes, and includes a first electrode 11, a second electrode 12 having a work function different from that of the first electrode 11. It is movable between the magnetic field generation mechanism 15 provided in the vicinity of the first electrode 11 and the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, and at least the electrons e emitted from the first electrode 11 are received and received. It includes nanoparticles 14 that transfer electrons e to the second electrode 12. The nanoparticles 14 are magnetic materials. For example, the second electrode 12 has a smaller work function than the first electrode 11, and the nanoparticles 14 that have received the electrons e are moved from the first electrode 11 having a larger work function toward the second electrode 12. [Selection diagram] Fig. 4

Description

Embodiments of the present invention relate to power generation elements, power generation devices, electronic devices, and power generation methods.

In recent years, the development of power generation elements such as thermoelectric elements that generate electric energy by using thermal energy has been actively carried out. Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose thermoelectric elements that utilize an electron emission phenomenon due to absolute temperature that occurs between electrodes having a work function difference. Such a thermoelectric element can generate electricity even when the temperature difference between the electrodes is small or there is no temperature difference as compared with the thermoelectric element using the temperature difference between the electrodes (Seebeck effect). Therefore, a power generation element using the work function difference between electrodes is expected to be used for more various purposes than a power generation element using the temperature difference between electrodes.

Patent Documents 1 to 3 are composed of two metal or semiconductor electrodes having different work functions, and a solvent containing nanoparticles that fill the spaces between the electrodes. Thermions are emitted from both electrodes. When the gap between the electrodes approaches and electrons can be exchanged, the electrons move toward the opposite electrode and move to the opposite electrode by tunneling or hopping between the nanoparticles in contact with each other. As a result, a current can be passed between the two electrodes.

Japanese Patent No. 6147901 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0229013 JP-A-2019-149493

However, there is a circumstance that it is difficult to improve the power generation efficiency in Patent Documents 1 to 3 using only tunneling or hopping between the nanoparticles in contact with each other.

Embodiments of the present invention provide power generation elements, power generation devices, electronic devices, and power generation methods capable of further improving power generation efficiency.

The power generation element according to the first aspect of the present invention is a power generation element utilizing the work function difference between electrodes, and includes a first electrode, a second electrode having a work function smaller than that of the first electrode, and the first electrode. A magnetic field generation mechanism that generates a magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a mechanism that can move between the first electrode and the second electrode, and receives and receives at least electrons emitted from the first electrode. nanoparticles to pass the electron receiving to the second electrode, provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a gap filled with a fluid, wherein the nanoparticles, the fluid the nanoparticles Ri magnetic der dispersed, the nanoparticles have received the electronic moves from the first electrode to the second electrode became electrically negative condition receiving said electrons Is drifted toward the second electrode by an electric field having the first electrode at a low potential and the second electrode at a high potential, and the electrons are transferred to the second electrode to be in an electrically neutral state. the nanoparticles, and wherein the Rukoto to drift toward the first electrode by a magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode.

The power generation element according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect, the force due to the electric field applied to the nanoparticles is larger than the force due to the magnetic field acting on the nanoparticles.

The power generation element according to the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect or the second aspect , the gap has a finite value of 3 μm or less.

The power generation device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention includes the power generation element of the first aspect, the first wiring electrically connected to the first electrode, and the second wiring electrically connected to the second electrode. It is characterized by having.

The electronic device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized by including the power generation element of the first aspect and an electronic component driven by using the power generation element as a power source.

The power generation method according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is a power generation method of a power generation element utilizing the difference in work function between electrodes, and the power generation element has a first electrode and a second electrode having a different work function from the first electrode. The electrode, a magnetic field generating mechanism that generates a magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a movable magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode are movable, and the first electrode and the first electrode are movable. The nanoparticle, which receives the electrons emitted from the two electrodes and transfers the received electrons to the second electrode, and the nanoparticles that have received the electrons and are in an electrically negative state, are said to be the first. An electric field having a low potential for one electrode and a high potential for the second electrode causes the nano to drift toward the second electrode and transfer the electrons to the second electrode to be in an electrically neutral state. The particles are drifted toward the first electrode by a magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode.

According to the power generation element according to the first aspect, a magnetic field generation mechanism for generating a magnetic field is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the nanoparticles are made of a magnetic material. Therefore, the nanoparticles that receive at least the electrons emitted from the first electrode and transfer the received electrons to the second electrode can be pulled back to the side of the first electrode after the electrons are transferred to the second electrode. Therefore, continuous electron movement using a finite number of nanoparticles can be efficiently performed. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the power generation efficiency as compared with the power generation electrons that utilize only tunneling or hopping between the nanoparticles that are in contact with each other, for example.

Further , according to the power generation element according to the first aspect, the nanoparticles that have received the electrons further move toward the second electrode. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the power generation efficiency as compared with the power generation electrons that utilize only tunneling or hopping between the nanoparticles that are in contact with each other, for example. Further, the second electrode has a smaller work function than the first electrode. The behavior of such nanoparticles becomes more remarkable as the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is narrowed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an advantage that the power generation element is miniaturized.

Further, according to the power generating element according to the first embodiment, it is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, Bei gaps Eteiru. Then, the nanoparticles are dispersed in the solvent. Therefore, the nanoparticles can be moved between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Further , according to the power generation element according to the first aspect, an electric field is generated in which the first electrode has a low potential and the second electrode has a high potential. Therefore, the nanoparticles that have received electrons and are in an electrically negative state can be drifted toward the second electrode.

Further , according to the power generation element according to the first aspect, the nanoparticles in the electrically neutral state are drifted toward the first electrode. Therefore, the nanoparticles that have received the electrons and moved toward the second electrode can receive the electrons again. Therefore, continuous electron movement using a finite number of nanoparticles can be realized.

According to the power generation element according to the second aspect, the force due to the electric field applied to the nanoparticles is larger than the force due to the magnetic field acting on the nanoparticles. For this reason, the nanoparticles that have received electrons and become electrically negative are likely to drift toward the second electrode, and the nanoparticles that have passed electrons and become electrically neutral are the first electrode. It becomes easier to drift toward.

According to the power generation element according to the third aspect, the gap is 3 μm or less. This makes it possible to remarkably cause the phenomenon that the nanoparticles that have received the electrons move from the first electrode to the second electrode. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the power generation element can be further increased.

According to the power generation device according to the fourth aspect, it is possible to obtain a power generation device capable of further improving the power generation efficiency.

According to the electronic device according to the fifth aspect, it is possible to obtain an electronic device capable of further improving the power generation efficiency.

According to the power generation method according to the sixth aspect, it is possible to obtain a power generation method capable of further improving the power generation efficiency.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation device including a power generation element according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation element according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the power generation element according to the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the power generation element according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the power generation element according to the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the power generation element according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation device including a power generation element according to an embodiment. 8 (a) to 8 (h) are schematic block diagrams showing an example of an electronic device provided with a power generation element according to an embodiment.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each figure, common reference numerals are given to common parts, and duplicate description is omitted.

(Power generation device)
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation device including a power generation element according to an embodiment. 2 to 6 are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of a power generation element according to an embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation device including a power generation element according to an embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the power generation device 100 includes a power generation element 1, a first external terminal 101, and a second external terminal 102. The power generation element 1 is electrically connected between both ends of the load R. The power generation element 1 utilizes the work function difference between electrodes. The power generation device 100 including the power generation element 1 is mounted or installed on a heat source (not shown), and the electric energy generated by the power generation element 1 based on the heat energy of the heat source is used as the first external terminal 101 and the second outside. Output to the load R via the terminal 102. One end of the load R is electrically connected to the first external terminal 101 via the first external wiring 111. The other end of the load R is electrically connected to the second external terminal 102 via the second external wiring 112. The load R indicates, for example, an electrical device. The load R is driven by using the power generation device 100 as a main power source or an auxiliary power source.

Examples of the heat source of the power generation element 1 include electronic devices or electronic components such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), light emitting elements such as LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), engines such as automobiles, factory production equipment, human bodies, and sunlight. Environmental temperature etc. can be used. For example, electronic devices, electronic components, light emitting elements, engines, production equipment, and the like are artificial heat sources. The human body, sunlight, environmental temperature, etc. are natural heat sources. The power generation device 100 can be provided inside a mobile device such as an IoT (Internet of Things) device and a wearable device, or a self-supporting sensor terminal, and can be used as a substitute or an auxiliary for a battery. Further, the power generation device 100 can also be applied to a larger power generation device such as solar power generation.

(Power generation element)
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the power generation element 1 includes a first electrode 11, a second electrode 12, a gap G, a solvent 13, nanoparticles 14, and a magnetic field generation mechanism 15. The power generation element 1 is covered with, for example, an insulating package 16.

The first electrode 11 has a first work function. The second electrode 12 has a second work function different from the first work function. In this embodiment, the value of the first work function shows an example larger than the value of the second work function. The power generation element 1 has a relationship that the first electrode 11 has a large work function (large WF) and the second electrode 12 has a small work function (small WF). The material of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 can be selected from, for example, the metals shown below.
Platinum (Pt)
Tungsten (W)
Aluminum (Al)
Titanium (Ti)
Niobium (Nb)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Tantalum (Ta)
Rhenium (Re)

In the thermoelectric element 1, it is sufficient that a work function difference occurs between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. Therefore, it is possible to select a metal other than the above as the material of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. Further, as the material of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, in addition to the above metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, and metal compounds can be selected. A metal compound is a combination of a metal element and a non-metal element. Examples of the metal compound include, for example, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB ₆ ).

It is also possible to select a non-metallic conductive material as the material of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. Examples of the non-metallic conductive material include silicon (Si: for example, p-type Si or n-type Si), carbon-based materials such as graphene, and the like.

The gap G is provided between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. The solvent 13 fills the inside of the gap G. As the solvent 14, for example, a liquid having a boiling point of 60 ° C. or higher can be used. Therefore, the vaporization of the solvent 14 can be suppressed even when the thermoelectric element 1 is used in an environment of room temperature (for example, 15 ° C. to 35 ° C.) or higher. As a result, deterioration of the thermoelectric element 1 due to vaporization of the solvent 14 can be suppressed. As an example of a liquid, at least one of an organic solvent and water can be selected. Examples of the organic solvent include methanol, ethanol, toluene, xylene, tetradecane, alkanethiol and the like. The solvent 14 is preferably a liquid having a high electrical resistance value and being insulating.

The nanoparticles 14 are dispersed in the solvent 13 so that they can move between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. The nanoparticles 14 receive the electrons e emitted from the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, and transfer the received electrons e to the second electrode 12. The particle size of the nanoparticles 14 is within the gap G so that it can move between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. Further, the blending amount of nanoparticles is also set within a range in which the nanoparticles G can be moved between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12.

The nanoparticles 14 are magnetic materials. Examples of the magnetic material include a paramagnetic material and a ferromagnetic material. The value of the work function of the nanoparticles 14 is, for example, between the value of the first work function of the first electrode 11 and the value of the second work function of the second electrode 12. For example, the value of the work function of the nanoparticles 14 is in the range of 3.0 eV or more and 5.5 eV or less.

According to the power generation element 1, even if the value of the work function of the nanoparticles 14 is lower than the values of the first work function and the second work function, the value of the work function of the nanoparticles 14 is the first. It is possible to generate power even if it is higher than the value of the work function and the value of the second work function.

Examples of the material of the nanoparticles 14 include those containing an iron group transition metal. For example
Iron (Fe)
Nickel (Ni)
Cobalt (Co)
Permalloy (FeNi)
Cobalt-iron alloy (FeCo)
Stainless steel (Fe-Cr-C)
Whistler alloy (Cu ₂ MnAl)
Magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ )
Gadolinium (Gd)
And so on. For example, the surface of the nanoparticles 14 may be coated with an insulating material. As an example of the coating material, at least one of an insulating metal compound and an insulating organic compound can be selected. Examples of the insulating metal compound include silicon oxide and alumina. Examples of the insulating organic compound include alkanethiol (for example, dodecanethiol) and the like.

Here, the “nanoparticle” refers to a particle containing a plurality of particles, and may include, for example, two or more types of particles. The nanoparticles 14 include particles having a particle diameter of, for example, 2 nm or more and 100 nm or less. The nanoparticles 141 may include, for example, particles having an average particle size (for example, D50) of 3 nm or more and 100 nm or less. The average particle size can be measured, for example, by using a particle size distribution measuring instrument. As the particle size distribution measuring instrument, for example, a particle size distribution measuring instrument using a laser diffraction / scattering method (for example, Nanotrac Wave II-EX150 manufactured by Microtrac BEL) may be used.

The "work function" indicates the minimum energy required to take out the electrons in a solid into a vacuum. The work function should be measured using, for example, Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), or Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Can be done.

(Power generation method)
As shown in FIG. 2, the nanoparticles 14 are attracted to the first electrode 11 side by the magnetic field generation mechanism 15 in the solvent 13. As the magnetic field generation mechanism 15, a known mechanism for generating a magnetic field is used, and for example, a magnet, a coil, or the like is used. The magnetic field generation mechanism 15 may indicate, for example, a mechanism for generating a DC magnetic field by a Helmholtz coil, an electromagnet, or the like, or a mechanism for generating a DC biased alternating magnetic field by an electromagnet or the like. A part of the nanoparticles 14 comes into contact with the surface of the first electrode 11. Note that FIG. 2 illustrates only those nanoparticles 14 that are in contact with the surface of the first electrode 11.

When the switch of the power generation device 100 is turned on, as shown in FIG. 3, the electrons e (thermoelectrons) emitted from the first electrode 11 move into the nanoparticles 14 in contact with the first electrode 11 by tunneling, for example. To do. In this way, the nanoparticles 14 receive at least the electrons e emitted from the first electrode 11. The nanoparticles 14 that have received the electrons e are electrically in a negative state (the nanoparticles 14 are negatively charged).

Therefore, the potential on the side of the first electrode 11 is lowered, and as a result, an electric field is generated in which the first electrode 11 has a low potential and the second electrode 12 has a high potential.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the nanoparticles 14 that have received the electron e and are in an electrically negative state drift toward the second electrode 12 due to the electric field. The drifted nanoparticles 14 come into contact with the second electrode 12.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the electrons e in the nanoparticles 14 in contact with the second electrode 12 move into the nanoparticles 14 in contact with the second electrode 12, for example, by tunneling. In this way, the nanoparticles 14 pass the received electrons e to the second electrode 12. The nanoparticles 14 that have passed the electron e to the second electrode 12 and are in an electrically neutral state are in an electrically neutral state.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the nanoparticles 14 in the electrically neutral state are separated from the second electrode 12 and pulled back to the first electrode 11 side by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generation mechanism 15. As a result, the nanoparticles 14 repeat the behaviors as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, and continuous movement of electrons e using a finite number of nanoparticles 14 is realized in the power generation element 1. It will be possible.

In this way, the power generation element 1 generates power by moving the nanoparticles 14 that have received the electrons e from the first electrode 11 to the second electrode 12. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, a current can be passed through the load R, and the load R can be used as the power generation device 100.

Further, in the power generation element 1, the nanoparticles 12 that have received the electrons e from the first electrode 11 having a large work function move toward the second electrode 12 having a small work function. Such behavior of the nanoparticles 14 becomes more remarkable as the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is narrowed. In the test by the inventors of the present application, when the width of the gap G is 3 μm or less, the phenomenon that the nanoparticles 14 that have received electrons move from the first electrode 11 to the second electrode 12 starts to appear remarkably. confirmed. Therefore, by setting the width of the gap G to 3 μm or less, the power generation efficiency of the power generation element 1 can be further improved.

In this way, the power generation element 1 that moves the nanoparticles 14 that have received the electrons e from the first electrode 11 having a large work function to the second electrode 12 having a small work function has a gap G width of 3 μm or less. As the width of the gap G is further narrowed, the power generation efficiency tends to increase. Therefore, the power generation element 1 is also effective for miniaturization and miniaturization of the power generation element 1 and the power generation device 100.

(Electronics)
The power generation device 100 including the power generation element 1 described in the above-described embodiment can be mounted on, for example, an electronic device. Hereinafter, some embodiments of the electronic device will be described.

8 (a) to 8 (h) are schematic block diagrams showing an example of an electronic device provided with a power generation element according to an embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 8A, the electronic device (electric product) 500 includes an electronic component (electronic component) 501, a main power source 502, and an auxiliary power source 503. Each of the electronic device 500 and the electronic component 501 is an electrical device (electrical device).

The electronic component 501 is driven by using the main power source 502 as a power source. Examples of the electronic component 501 include a CPU, a motor, a sensor terminal, lighting, and the like. When the electronic component 501 is, for example, a CPU, the electronic device 500 includes an electronic device that can be controlled by a built-in master (CPU). When the electronic component 501 includes, for example, at least one of a motor, a sensor terminal, a lighting, and the like, the electronic device 500 includes an external master, or an electronic device that can be controlled by a person.

The main power source 502 is, for example, a battery. Batteries also include rechargeable batteries. The positive terminal (+) of the main power supply 502 is electrically connected to the Vcc terminal (Vcc) of the electronic component 501. The negative terminal (-) of the main power supply 502 is electrically connected to the GND terminal (GND) of the electronic component 501.

The auxiliary power source 503 is a power generation element 1. The power generation element 1 is electrically connected between the GND terminal (GND) of the electronic component 501 or the wiring connecting the GND terminal (GND) and the minus terminal (−).

In the electronic device 500, the power generation device 100 is used in combination with the main power source 502, for example, as a power source for assisting the main power source 502 or as a power source for backing up the main power source 502 when the capacity of the main power source 502 is exhausted. be able to. When the main power source 502 is a rechargeable battery, the auxiliary power source 503 can also be used as a power source for charging the battery.

As shown in FIG. 8B, the main power source 502 may be the power generation element 1. The power generation element 100 is electrically connected between the GND terminal (GND) of the electronic component 501 and the Vcc terminal (Vcc) of the electronic component 501. The electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 8B includes a power generation element 1 used as a main power source 502 and an electronic component 501 that can be driven by the power generation element 1. The power generation element 1 is an independent power source (for example, an off-grid power source). Therefore, the electronic device 500 can be made, for example, a self-supporting type (stand-alone type). Moreover, the power generation element 1 is an energy harvesting type (energy harvesting type). In the electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 8B, it is not necessary to replace the battery.

As shown in FIG. 8C, the electronic component 501 may include the power generation element 1. The power generation element 1 is electrically connected, for example, between the GND wiring and the Vcc wiring of the circuit board (not shown). In this case, the power generation element 1 can be used as an electronic component 501, for example, an auxiliary power supply 503.

As shown in FIG. 8D, when the electronic component 501 includes the power generation element 1, the power generation element 1 can be used as, for example, the main power source 502 of the electronic component 501.

As shown in each of FIGS. 8 (e) to 8 (h), the electronic device 500 may include a power generation device 100 including a power generation element 1.

Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8D, the electronic component 501 includes a power generation element 1 in which the main power source 502 is used. Similarly, the embodiment shown in FIG. 8H includes a power generation device 100 in which the electronic component 501 is used as the main power source. In these embodiments, the electronic component 501 has an independent power source. Therefore, the electronic component 501 can be made, for example, a self-standing type. The self-supporting electronic component 501 can be effectively used, for example, in an electronic device including a plurality of electronic components and in which at least one electronic component is separated from another electronic component. An example of such an electronic device 500 is a sensor. The sensor includes a sensor terminal (slave) and a controller (master) away from the sensor terminal. Each of the sensor terminal and the controller is an electronic component 501. If the sensor terminal includes the power generation element 1 or the power generation device 100, it becomes a self-supporting sensor terminal, and there is no need to supply electric power by wire. Since the power generation device 100 or the power generation device 101 is an energy harvesting type, it is not necessary to replace the battery. The sensor terminal can also be regarded as one of the electronic devices 500. The sensor terminal regarded as the electronic device 500 further includes, for example, an IoT wireless tag and the like in addition to the sensor terminal of the sensor.

What is common to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (h) is that the electronic device 500 uses a power generation element 1 that converts thermal energy into electrical energy and a power generation element 1 as a power source. It includes an electronic component 501 that can be driven.

The electronic device 500 may be an autonomous type (autonomous type) having an independent power supply. Examples of autonomous electronic devices include robots and the like. Further, the electronic component 501 provided with the power generation element 1 or the power generation device 100 may be an autonomous type having an independent power source. Examples of autonomous electronic components include movable sensor terminals and the like.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, one embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Moreover, the above-mentioned one embodiment is not the only embodiment of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in various novel embodiments in addition to the above embodiment. Therefore, each of the above-described embodiments can be omitted, replaced, or changed in various ways without departing from the gist of the present invention. Such novel forms and modifications are included in the scope and gist of the present invention, as well as in the scope of the invention described in the claims and the equivalent of the invention described in the claims.

1: Power generation element 11: First electrode 12: Second electrode 13: Solvent 14: Nanoparticle 15: Magnetic field generation mechanism 16: Package 100: Power generation device 101: First external terminal 102: Second external terminal 500: Electronic device 501 : Electronic component 502: Main power source 503: Auxiliary power source R: Load G: Gap e: Electronic

Claims (6)

A power generation element that utilizes the work function difference between electrodes.
With the first electrode
The second electrode, which has a smaller work function than the first electrode,
A magnetic field generation mechanism that generates a magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode,
Nanoparticles that are movable between the first electrode and the second electrode, receive at least the electrons emitted from the first electrode, and transfer the received electrons to the second electrode.
A fluid-filled gap provided between the first electrode and the second electrode,
With
The nanoparticles, Ri magnetic der dispersed in the fluid,
The nanoparticles that have received the electrons are moved from the first electrode to the second electrode.
The nanoparticles, which have received the electrons and are in an electrically negative state, are drifted toward the second electrode by an electric field having the first electrode at a low potential and the second electrode at a high potential.
Said nanoparticles in a state of electrically neutral the electronic Te transfer to the second electrode, Ru is drifting toward the first electrode by a magnetic field between the second electrode and the first electrode A power generation element characterized by this. Force due to the electric field applied to the nanoparticles, generating device according to claim 1, wherein said greater than the force due to a magnetic field acting on the nanoparticles. The power generation element according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the gap has a finite value of 3 μm or less. The power generation element according to claim 1 and
The first wiring electrically connected to the first electrode and
The second wiring electrically connected to the second electrode and
A power generation device characterized by being equipped with. The power generation element according to claim 1 and
An electronic device including electronic components that are driven by using the power generation element as a power source. It is a power generation method of a power generation element that utilizes the work function difference between electrodes.
The power generation element is
With the first electrode
A second electrode having a different work function from the first electrode,
A magnetic field generation mechanism that generates a magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode,
Nanoparticles that are movable between the first electrode and the second electrode, receive electrons emitted from the first electrode and the second electrode, and transfer the received electrons to the second electrode. ,
With
The nanoparticles, which have received the electrons and are in an electrically negative state, are drifted toward the second electrode by an electric field having the first electrode at a low potential and the second electrode at a high potential.
To drift the nanoparticles, which have been electrically neutralized by transferring the electrons to the second electrode, toward the first electrode by a magnetic field between the first electrode and the second electrode. A power generation method characterized by.

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