JP6828885B2 - Powdered microbial preparation and its production method, liquid composition containing powdery microbial preparation, soil improvement method, and water quality improvement method - Google Patents
Powdered microbial preparation and its production method, liquid composition containing powdery microbial preparation, soil improvement method, and water quality improvement method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、粉末状担体に硫黄細菌を担持した粉体状微生物製剤及びその応用技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a powdered microbial preparation in which sulfur bacteria are carried on a powdered carrier and an application technique thereof.
従来、河川や湖沼などの水質浄化や、土壌を改善するための方法として、様々な技術が開発されており、例えば、各種代謝による浄化能を示す微生物を用いた処理方法が知られている。 Conventionally, various techniques have been developed as a method for purifying water in rivers and lakes and improving soil. For example, a treatment method using microorganisms exhibiting purification ability by various metabolisms is known.
従来から用いられている微生物を用いた処理方法により一定の水質の浄化効果や土壌改善効果が確認されているが、排水管や側溝、くみ取り式トイレ等のアンモニア、硫化水素、メルカプタンなどの、悪臭やヘドロの原因物質に対する効果は十分なものとは言えない。これは、微生物を用いた処理方法といっても、どのような微生物を選択的に増殖させるような処理方法を行うかによって、その効果が全く異なるからである。微生物による浄化時に重要な元素としては、炭素（Ｃ）、水素（Ｈ）、酸素（Ｏ）、窒素（Ｎ）、リン（Ｐ）が生体構成源として比率が多いことから、これらの除去を目的とした設計が行われることが多く、有機物の主たる元素である炭素の除去、さらには高度浄化として、窒素、リンを除去するための各種好気性細菌、嫌気性細菌が検討されてきたが、これらのみでは十分ではない場合がある。そのため、従来達成できなかったような、更なる高度浄化を行うために、元素として硫黄（Ｓ）を含む物質を代謝し無害化することができる硫黄細菌を利用する方法が期待されている。 Although certain water quality purification effects and soil improvement effects have been confirmed by conventional treatment methods using microorganisms, malodors such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and mercaptan in drainage pipes, side ditches, and drainage toilets have been confirmed. The effect on the causative substances of water and sludge is not sufficient. This is because the effect of the treatment method using microorganisms is completely different depending on what kind of microorganism is selectively grown. Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are the most important elements for purification by microorganisms as biological constituent sources, so the purpose is to remove them. In many cases, various aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria for removing nitrogen and phosphorus have been studied for the removal of carbon, which is the main element of organic substances, and for advanced purification. It may not be enough by itself. Therefore, in order to carry out further advanced purification that could not be achieved in the past, a method of utilizing sulfur bacteria capable of metabolizing and detoxifying a substance containing sulfur (S) as an element is expected.
代表的な硫黄細菌である紅色硫黄細菌や、緑色硫黄細菌等は、光合成色素を含み光合成を行う光合成細菌としても知られている。これらの硫黄細菌と呼ばれる細菌は、自然環境に存在し嫌気的環境でも生育する菌であり、自然環境の浄化、保全に大きくかかわり、水質浄化や土壌改善等の目的で利用されている。 Purple sulfur bacteria, which are typical sulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and the like are also known as photosynthetic bacteria that contain photosynthetic pigments and perform photosynthesis. These bacteria called sulfur bacteria are bacteria that exist in the natural environment and grow in an anaerobic environment, are greatly involved in the purification and conservation of the natural environment, and are used for the purpose of water purification and soil improvement.
硫黄細菌を水質改善に使用する例として、例えば、特許文献１には、比較的大きい塊状の泥炭に硫黄細菌（光合成細菌）を吸着して固定化した水質浄化具を、浄化対象である水域に設置する方法が開示されている。また、硫黄細菌（光合成細菌）を土壌改善に使用している例として、例えば、特許文献２には、光合成細菌、発酵菌及び放線菌を所定の割合で含む培養液からなる植物性物質の分解処理剤を、土壌に散布する技術が開示されている。また、特許文献３には、硫黄細菌（光合成細菌）の培養液からなる放射能除染剤を使用して、放射能で汚染された土壌や物品の放射能除染を行う技術が開示されている。 As an example of using sulfur bacteria for improving water quality, for example, in Patent Document 1, a water purification tool in which sulfur bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) are adsorbed and immobilized on relatively large massive peat is applied to the water area to be purified. The method of installation is disclosed. Further, as an example of using sulfur bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) for soil improvement, for example, Patent Document 2 describes decomposition of a plant substance consisting of a culture solution containing photosynthetic bacteria, fermenting bacteria and actinomycetes in a predetermined ratio. A technique for spraying a treatment agent on soil is disclosed. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for radioactively decontaminating soil and articles contaminated with radioactivity by using a radioactive decontamination agent composed of a culture solution of sulfur bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria). There is.
硫黄細菌は、硫黄や硫黄化合物を代謝する独立栄養生物として、環境浄化に寄与する有用な菌であるが、硫黄細菌が嫌気性菌であることから、硫黄細菌を用いる製品はできるだけ空気に接触しにくい製品形態が望ましい。また、硫黄細菌は乾燥にも弱いため、硫黄細菌の培養液やその希釈液等として使用されることが多いが、硫黄細菌を含む液体は、固体と比較して保存性に優れるとは言いがたい。 Sulfur bacteria are useful bacteria that contribute to environmental purification as autotrophs that metabolize sulfur and sulfur compounds. However, since sulfur bacteria are anaerobic bacteria, products using sulfur bacteria come into contact with air as much as possible. A difficult product form is desirable. In addition, since sulfur bacteria are vulnerable to drying, they are often used as a culture solution for sulfur bacteria or a diluted solution thereof, but it is said that liquids containing sulfur bacteria are superior in storage stability compared to solids. I want to.
さらに、硫黄細菌は、処理対象の水域に存在する細菌や、土壌に存在する土着菌と比べると、優勢な菌となりにくい。特に、硫黄細菌を用いて土壌を改善するために、上述の特許文献２，３のように硫黄細菌を含む液体（培養液やその希釈液）を散布すると、硫黄細菌の大きさは小さく散布後に処理対象の地表近傍の土壌に十分な量が留まることができないことや、処理対象の土壌に留まった硫黄細菌も、処理対象の土壌に元々存在する土着菌が優勢になり、散布した硫黄細菌が定着しにくいため、効果が持続しないことが多い。 Furthermore, sulfur-reducing bacteria are less likely to become predominant bacteria than bacteria existing in the water area to be treated or indigenous bacteria existing in soil. In particular, when a liquid containing sulfur bacteria (culture solution or diluted solution thereof) is sprayed as in Patent Documents 2 and 3 described above in order to improve the soil using sulfur bacteria, the size of the sulfur bacteria is small and after spraying. Sufficient amounts cannot be retained in the soil near the surface of the treatment target, and the sulfur bacteria that remain in the treatment target soil are predominantly indigenous bacteria that originally exist in the treatment target soil, and the sprayed sulfur bacteria become predominant. Since it is difficult to settle, the effect often does not last.
このように、処理対象の水域や土壌への散布を目的とした実用性の高い硫黄細菌を含む微生物製剤の開発が望まれていたのが実状である。
かかる状況下、本発明は、散布用として好適な硫黄細菌を含む微生物製剤およびその製造方法、並びにその応用技術を提供することを目的とする。
As described above, the development of a highly practical microbial preparation containing sulfur bacteria for the purpose of spraying on the water area or soil to be treated has been desired.
Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a microbial preparation containing sulfur bacteria suitable for spraying, a method for producing the same, and an applied technique thereof.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子を担体として使用すると、硫黄細菌が繁殖しやすくなり、硫黄細菌本来の代謝作用が持続することを見出し、当該担体に硫黄細菌を担持させることによって散布用として好適な硫黄細菌を含む微生物製剤となりうることを見出し、本発明に至った。 As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the present inventor uses a neutral porous particle consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin as a carrier, and causes sulfur bacteria. It was found that the sulfur-reducing bacterium can be easily propagated and the original metabolic action of the sulfur-reducing bacterium is maintained, and that by supporting the sulfur-reducing bacterium on the carrier, a microbial preparation containing the sulfur-reducing bacterium suitable for spraying can be obtained. It was.
すなわち、本発明は、以下の発明に係るものである。
＜１＞ 粉末状の担体に硫黄細菌が担持された粉体状微生物製剤であって、前記担体が、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子を含む粉体状微生物製剤。
＜２＞ 硫黄細菌が、水溶性高分子と共に担体に担持されている前記＜１＞に記載の粉体状微生物製剤。
＜３＞ 硫黄細菌が、水溶性高分子で被覆されて担体に担持されている前記＜２＞に記載の粉体状微生物製剤。
＜４＞ 前記担体の粒子サイズが４５μｍ以下である前記＜１＞または＜２＞に記載の粉体状微生物製剤。
＜５＞ 前記＜１＞〜＜４＞のいずれかに記載の粉体状微生物製剤を、水を主体とする溶媒に分散させた液状組成物。
＜６＞ 前記＜１＞〜＜４＞のいずれかに記載の粉体状微生物製剤、または前記＜５＞に記載の液状組成物を、処理対象の土壌に散布する土壌改良方法。
＜７＞ 前記＜１＞〜＜４＞のいずれかに記載の粉体状微生物製剤、または前記＜５＞に記載の液状組成物を、処理対象の水域に散布する水質改善方法。
＜８＞ 硫黄細菌を溶媒に添加して混合し、硫黄細菌含有溶液を製造する工程（１）と、前記硫黄細菌含有溶液を、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子を含む担体に接触させることによって、前記担体に硫黄細菌を担持させる工程（２）と、を有する粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法。
＜９＞ 工程（１）において、硫黄細菌と共に水溶性高分子を添加して硫黄細菌含有溶液を製造する前記＜８＞に記載の粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法。
＜１０＞ 前記担体の粒子サイズが４５μｍ以下である前記＜８＞または＜９＞に記載の粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法。
＜１１＞ 工程（２）において、硫黄細菌含有溶液を噴霧することによって、前記担体に接触させる前記＜８＞〜＜１０＞のいずれかに記載の粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法。
That is, the present invention relates to the following invention.
<1> A powdery microbial preparation in which sulfur bacteria are carried on a powdery carrier, wherein the carrier is a neutral porous material composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin. A powdered microbial preparation containing particles.
<2> The powdery microbial preparation according to <1>, wherein the sulfur bacterium is supported on a carrier together with a water-soluble polymer.
<3> The powdery microbial preparation according to <2>, wherein the sulfur bacterium is coated with a water-soluble polymer and supported on a carrier.
<4> The powdery microbial preparation according to <1> or <2>, wherein the carrier has a particle size of 45 μm or less.
<5> A liquid composition in which the powdery microbial preparation according to any one of <1> to <4> is dispersed in a solvent mainly composed of water.
<6> A soil improvement method in which the powdery microbial preparation according to any one of <1> to <4> or the liquid composition according to <5> is sprayed on the soil to be treated.
<7> A method for improving water quality in which the powdery microbial preparation according to any one of <1> to <4> or the liquid composition according to <5> is sprayed on the water area to be treated.
<8> A step (1) of adding a sulfur bacterium to a solvent and mixing the mixture to produce a sulfur bacterium-containing solution, and at least one or more of the sulfur bacterium-containing solution selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin. A method for producing a powdery microbial preparation, comprising a step (2) of supporting sulfur bacteria on the carrier by contacting it with a carrier containing neutral porous particles composed of the same.
<9> The method for producing a powdered microbial preparation according to <8>, wherein in step (1), a water-soluble polymer is added together with sulfur bacteria to produce a sulfur-bacteria-containing solution.
<10> The method for producing a powdery microbial preparation according to <8> or <9>, wherein the carrier has a particle size of 45 μm or less.
<11> The method for producing a powdered microbial preparation according to any one of <8> to <10>, which is brought into contact with the carrier by spraying a sulfur-bacteria-containing solution in step (2).
本発明によれば、散布性に優れ、硫黄細菌本来の代謝作用が長期間持続する粉体状微生物製剤が提供される。当該粉体状微生物製剤を使用することによって、散布後も硫黄細菌による水質改善や土壌改良効果を長期間持続させることができる。 According to the present invention, there is provided a powdery microbial preparation which is excellent in sprayability and in which the original metabolic action of sulfur bacteria is maintained for a long period of time. By using the powdered microbial preparation, the water quality improvement and soil improvement effects by sulfur bacteria can be maintained for a long period of time even after spraying.
以下に本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明するが、以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の実施態様の一例（代表例）であり、本発明はその要旨を変更しない限り、以下の内容に限定されない。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the description of the constituent elements described below is an example (representative example) of the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is described below unless the gist thereof is changed. It is not limited to the contents of.
＜１．粉体状微生物製剤＞
本発明は、粉末状の担体に硫黄細菌が担持された粉体状微生物製剤であって、前記担体が、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子を含む粉体状微生物製剤（以下、「本発明の微生物製剤」と称す。）に関する。
なお、本明細書において、「微生物製剤」とは、微生物を含み、微生物に由来する各種機能を利用する剤を意味する概念であり、本発明の粉体状微生物製剤においては、特に粉体状の担体に硫黄細菌を担持させているものを意味する。
<1. Powdered microbial preparation>
The present invention is a powdery microbial preparation in which sulfur bacteria are carried on a powdery carrier, wherein the carrier is a neutral porous material consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin. The present invention relates to a powdered microbial preparation containing quality particles (hereinafter, referred to as “microbial preparation of the present invention”).
In the present specification, the term "microbial preparation" is a concept that means an agent containing microorganisms and utilizing various functions derived from the microorganisms, and in the powdery microbial preparation of the present invention, particularly in the form of powder. It means that the carrier of the above carries sulfur bacteria.
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤の特徴のひとつは、硫黄細菌が担持される担体を、前記担体が、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子としたことにあり、このような担体を使用することにより、担体に硫黄細菌を担持させたときに、硫黄細菌の安定性が向上し、他の菌の繁殖が抑制されるため、硫黄細菌が有する代謝作用が持続する。なお、担体への硫黄細菌の担持は、他の細菌を共存させずに、硫黄細菌を優先的に担持させることが好ましい。具体的な方法は、＜２．粉体状微生物製剤＞にて後述する。 One of the features of the powdered microbial preparation of the present invention is that the carrier on which sulfur bacteria are supported is a neutral porous body composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin. By using such a carrier, the stability of the sulfur bacteria is improved and the growth of other bacteria is suppressed when the sulfur bacteria are supported on the carrier. The metabolic action of is sustained. It is preferable that the sulfur bacteria are preferentially supported on the carrier without coexisting with other bacteria. The specific method is <2. Powdered microbial preparation> will be described later.
また、担体を粉末状とすることによって、土壌へ散布したときの分散性も優れ、かつ、上述の通り、担体に担持されていることで硫黄細菌の安定性が向上して、土着菌に対して優先的に繁殖するため、硫黄細菌の代謝作用が阻害されずに、優れた土壌改良効果を得ることができる。また、水域に散布した場合にも、硫黄細菌が粉末状担体に安定に担持されているため、硫黄細菌の過度の分散（流失）が抑制され、担体をコロニーとして硫黄細菌の繁殖性が向上するため、水質改善作用を長期間持続させることができる。 In addition, by making the carrier into a powder, the dispersibility when sprayed on soil is excellent, and as described above, the stability of sulfur bacteria is improved by being supported on the carrier, and the stability against indigenous bacteria is improved. Since it propagates preferentially, an excellent soil improvement effect can be obtained without inhibiting the metabolic action of sulfur bacteria. In addition, even when sprayed in water, sulfur bacteria are stably supported on the powdered carrier, so excessive dispersion (washout) of sulfur bacteria is suppressed, and the carrier is used as a colony to improve the fertility of sulfur bacteria. Therefore, the water quality improving effect can be maintained for a long period of time.
以下、本発明の粉体状微生物製剤における担体である中性の多孔質粒子、及び硫黄細菌について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the neutral porous particles and sulfur bacteria that are carriers in the powdered microbial preparation of the present invention will be described in detail.
（担体）
本発明の微生物製剤における担体は、中性の多孔質粒子である。
ここで、「中性の多孔質粒子」とは、粒子内に多くの細孔を有する粒子のうち、水に混合したときのｐＨを測定したとき、ｐＨが中性域となるものである。より具体的には、多孔質粒子が中性であることを確認するにあたっては、水１００ｇに多孔質粒子１０ｇを撹拌混合した後のｐＨを求めればよい。このときのｐＨが、５．５〜８．５であることが好ましく、６．０〜８．０であることがより好ましい。現時点では詳細な理由は明らかでないが、中性の多孔質粒子を用いることで、その多孔質粒子を用いた担体に担持される硫黄細菌の定着性が向上し、硫黄細菌本来の代謝作用が持続する。また、この中性の多孔質粒子を用いた微生物製剤を使用環境に散布したとき、その使用環境のｐＨを変化させないため、環境負荷が小さいという利点もある。
(Carrier)
The carrier in the microbial preparation of the present invention is neutral porous particles.
Here, the "neutral porous particles" are particles having many pores in the particles, and the pH is in the neutral range when the pH when mixed with water is measured. More specifically, in order to confirm that the porous particles are neutral, the pH after stirring and mixing 10 g of the porous particles with 100 g of water may be determined. The pH at this time is preferably 5.5 to 8.5, and more preferably 6.0 to 8.0. Although the detailed reason is not clear at this time, the use of neutral porous particles improves the colonization of sulfur bacteria carried on the carrier using the porous particles, and the original metabolic action of sulfur bacteria is maintained. To do. Further, when the microbial preparation using the neutral porous particles is sprayed on the usage environment, the pH of the usage environment is not changed, so that there is an advantage that the environmental load is small.
中性の多孔質粒子としてケイ酸塩化合物であるモンモリロナイト、ゼオライト及びカオリンが挙げられ、これらのうちいずれかを少なくとも含有するものを用いることが好ましい。これらのケイ酸塩化合物は、硫黄細菌の繁殖に適するため、硫黄細菌を優先的に担持することができる。また、これらのケイ酸塩化合物は、天然の鉱物、土壌の構成物質としても存在するものであり、散布することによる環境負荷が小さいという利点もある。そのため、天然の鉱物、土壌をそのまま原料として使用してもよい。好適な具体例は、モンモリロナイトを豊富に含む風化生成物層の土壌を粉末化したものである。 Examples of the neutral porous particles include montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin which are silicate compounds, and it is preferable to use one containing at least one of these. Since these silicate compounds are suitable for the growth of sulfur bacteria, they can preferentially support sulfur bacteria. In addition, these silicate compounds also exist as natural minerals and constituent substances of soil, and have an advantage that the environmental load due to spraying is small. Therefore, natural minerals and soil may be used as raw materials as they are. A suitable embodiment is a powdered soil of a weathered product layer rich in montmorillonite.
本発明において、担体である多孔質粒子は、粒子サイズ５３μｍ以下の粒子を７０重量％以上含むことが好ましい。粒子サイズ５３μｍ以下（より好適には４５μｍ以下）とすることにより、得られる微生物製剤の分散性が優れたものとなる。特に処理対象が土壌の場合、担体の粒径が大きすぎると土壌内部への分散が困難であるが、粒子サイズ５３μｍ以下（より好適には４５μｍ以下）とすることにより、土壌内部への分散性が向上する。
また、本発明の微生物製剤を水域に使用する場合にも、粉体状の微生物製剤を散布するだけで、わずかな水流しかなくても、十分に分散する。また、粒子サイズ５３μｍ以下（より好適には４５μｍ以下）の多孔質粒子は、沈降速度も低いため、水中の深さ方向にも徐散される点でも好適である。粒子サイズが５３μｍを超えると沈降速度が大きくなりすぎるおそれがある。
In the present invention, the porous particles as the carrier preferably contain 70% by weight or more of particles having a particle size of 53 μm or less. By setting the particle size to 53 μm or less (more preferably 45 μm or less), the dispersibility of the obtained microbial preparation becomes excellent. In particular, when the treatment target is soil, it is difficult to disperse the carrier inside the soil if the particle size is too large. However, by setting the particle size to 53 μm or less (more preferably 45 μm or less), the dispersibility inside the soil Is improved.
Further, even when the microbial preparation of the present invention is used in a water area, it can be sufficiently dispersed even if there is only a slight water flow by simply spraying the powdery microbial preparation. Further, since the porous particles having a particle size of 53 μm or less (more preferably 45 μm or less) have a low sedimentation rate, they are also suitable in that they are gradually dispersed in the depth direction of water. If the particle size exceeds 53 μm, the sedimentation rate may become too high.
本発明において、多孔質粒子の粒子サイズは、特定の目開きを有する篩を通過するサイズとして求めた値である。すなわち、目開き５３μｍである２７０メッシュの篩を通過する多孔質粒子の最大粒子サイズは５３μｍであり、前記目開き５３μｍである２７０メッシュの篩を用いて篩分けされた多孔質粒子のサイズは５３μｍ以下である。なお、目開き４５μｍの３２５メッシュにより篩分けにより得られる４５μｍ以下の多孔質粒子は、本発明の微生物製剤における担体として特に好適である。 In the present invention, the particle size of the porous particles is a value determined as the size of passing through a sieve having a specific opening. That is, the maximum particle size of the porous particles passing through the 270 mesh sieve having a mesh size of 53 μm is 53 μm, and the size of the porous particles sieved using the 270 mesh sieve having a mesh size of 53 μm is 53 μm. It is as follows. The porous particles of 45 μm or less obtained by sieving with a 325 mesh having an opening of 45 μm are particularly suitable as a carrier in the microbial preparation of the present invention.
多孔質粒子の粒子サイズの下限値は、硫黄細菌の担持が阻害されない限り、特に制限はない。一方で、本発明の微生物製剤の品質を揃える等の目的で、小さすぎる粒子を篩分けをして除去してもよい。 The lower limit of the particle size of the porous particles is not particularly limited as long as the support of sulfur bacteria is not inhibited. On the other hand, particles that are too small may be removed by sieving for the purpose of ensuring the quality of the microbial preparation of the present invention.
本発明の微生物製剤において、担体中における粒子サイズ５３μｍ以下（好適には４５μｍ以下）の割合は、７０重量％以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは８０重量％以上、特に好ましくは９０重量％以上、さらに好ましくは９８重量％以上（１００重量％含む）である。
担体として用いられる多孔質粒子が、４５μｍ以下の多孔質粒子のみであれば、硫黄細菌の担持性や、土壌や水域に散布したときの分散性に特に優れる。なお、本発明において、目開き４５μｍの３２５メッシュにより篩分けにより得られる粒子はすべて４５μｍ以下の多孔質粒子であるとみなす。
In the microbial preparation of the present invention, the proportion of the particle size in the carrier of 53 μm or less (preferably 45 μm or less) is preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight or more. , More preferably 98% by weight or more (including 100% by weight).
If the porous particles used as the carrier are only porous particles of 45 μm or less, the supportability of sulfur bacteria and the dispersibility when sprayed on soil or water are particularly excellent. In the present invention, all the particles obtained by sieving with a 325 mesh having an opening of 45 μm are considered to be porous particles of 45 μm or less.
（硫黄細菌）
本発明の微生物製剤において使用される硫黄細菌は、硫黄及び硫黄化合物を酸化または還元することによってエネルギーを得ている化学合成独立栄養細菌であり、主に硫化水素を酸化して硫黄とし、更に硫酸にまで酸化することのできる細菌群の総称である。このような硫黄細菌の例として硫黄酸化細菌ともいわれ、色素の有無によって無色硫黄細菌及び有色硫黄細菌に大別される細菌群があげられる。また、硫黄細菌は、その種類にもよるが、通常、幅が０．３μｍ〜３μｍ程度の比較的小さい菌であることが知られている。
(Sulfur bacteria)
The sulfur bacterium used in the microbial preparation of the present invention is a chemosynthetic autotrophic bacterium that obtains energy by oxidizing or reducing sulfur and a sulfur compound, and mainly oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, and further sulfate. It is a general term for a group of bacteria that can be oxidized to. Examples of such sulfur bacteria are also called sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and there is a group of bacteria that are roughly classified into colorless sulfur bacteria and colored sulfur bacteria depending on the presence or absence of pigment. Further, it is known that sulfur-reducing bacteria are usually relatively small bacteria having a width of about 0.3 μm to 3 μm, although it depends on the type thereof.
無色硫黄細菌は、好気性で糸状体を形成するものとしてベギアトア（Beggiatoa）、チオトリックス（Thiothrix）、チオプロカ（Thioploca）などがあり、かん(桿)状を呈するものにチオバシラス（Thiobacillus）、アクロマチウム（Achromatium）、アシドチオバチルス（Acidithiobacillus）などの属が知られている。有色硫黄細菌は、嫌気性で紅色を呈するかん状のクロマチウム（Chromatium）、チオカプサ（Thiocapsa）、緑でかん状のクロロビウム（Chlorobium）などの属がある。有色硫黄細菌は、光合成色素(バクテリオクロロフィル)を含み、光合成を行うことから、光合成細菌ともいわれている。本発明においては、これらのいずれの硫黄細菌を用いてもよく、１種類でも２種以上を同時に使用してもよい。 Aerobic sulfur-reducing bacteria include Beggiatoa, Thiothrix, and Thioploca, which are aerobic and form filaments. Thiobacillus and Achromatium are those that have a cane-like shape. Genus such as Achromatium) and Acidithiobacillus is known. Colored sulfur bacteria include the genus Chromatium, which is anaerobic and has a crimson color, Thiocapsa, and Chlorobium, which is green and cany. Colored sulfur bacteria are also called photosynthetic bacteria because they contain a photosynthetic pigment (bacteriochlorophyll) and perform photosynthesis. In the present invention, any of these sulfur bacteria may be used, and one type or two or more types may be used at the same time.
本発明の微生物製剤には、硫黄細菌の作用を抑制しない限り、硫黄細菌以外の他の菌が担持されていてもよい。また、直接担体である多孔質に担持させずとも各種菌の乾燥粉体を混合してもよい。 The microbial preparation of the present invention may carry bacteria other than sulfur bacteria as long as the action of sulfur bacteria is not suppressed. Further, dry powders of various bacteria may be mixed without being directly supported on the porous carrier.
また、硫黄細菌は、糸状菌などが多く、本発明に用いる多孔質粒子に優先的に担持され増殖しやすい菌である。この組み合わせは、他の菌による置換や、硫黄細菌の流失などが生じにくい点からも優れている。また、本発明の微生物製剤では、硫黄細菌が担体の細孔内に固定化されることで安定化するため、乾燥状態で保管しても、その硫黄細菌の代謝作用の低減が抑制される。 In addition, sulfur bacteria are many filamentous bacteria and the like, and are bacteria that are preferentially supported by the porous particles used in the present invention and easily proliferate. This combination is also excellent in that it is unlikely to be replaced by other bacteria or washed away by sulfur bacteria. Further, in the microbial preparation of the present invention, since sulfur bacteria are stabilized by being immobilized in the pores of the carrier, reduction of the metabolic action of the sulfur bacteria is suppressed even when stored in a dry state.
また、本発明の微生物製剤において、硫黄細菌が、水溶性高分子と共に担体に担持されていることが好ましい態様である。このように水溶性高分子と共に硫黄細菌を担持することにより、より乾燥時の耐久性を高め、硫黄細菌が繁殖しやすくなる。そのため、特に水分が少ない土壌が処理対象である場合にも、硫黄細菌が繁殖し定着しやすくなる。なお、硫黄細菌が繁殖し定着したのちは雨水等により、水溶性高分子は流失したり、硫黄細菌の繁殖で消費されてもよい。
また、水溶性高分子と共に担体に担持されることにより、より長期間（少なくとも４年以上）保存しても、微生物製剤の性能を保つことができる。
Further, in the microbial preparation of the present invention, it is a preferable embodiment that sulfur bacteria are supported on a carrier together with a water-soluble polymer. By supporting the sulfur bacteria together with the water-soluble polymer in this way, the durability at the time of drying is further enhanced, and the sulfur bacteria are easily propagated. Therefore, sulfur bacteria can easily propagate and settle even when the soil to be treated is particularly low in water. After the sulfur bacteria have propagated and settled, the water-soluble polymer may be washed away by rainwater or the like, or may be consumed by the propagation of the sulfur bacteria.
Further, by being supported on the carrier together with the water-soluble polymer, the performance of the microbial preparation can be maintained even if it is stored for a longer period (at least 4 years or more).
水溶性高分子としては、硫黄細菌の繁殖や代謝作用を阻害しないものであれば特に制限されない。例えば、キサンタンガム、κ−カラギーナン、キトサン、アルギン酸塩等の水溶性高分子多糖類、ポリビニルアルコール等の水溶性合成樹脂が挙げられる。これらの中でも、水溶性高分子多糖類は、天然由来成分であるため、処理対象の水域や土壌に散布しても環境負荷が小さいため好ましい。 The water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the growth and metabolic action of sulfur bacteria. Examples thereof include water-soluble polymer polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, κ-carrageenan, chitosan and alginate, and water-soluble synthetic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol. Among these, water-soluble high molecular weight polysaccharides are preferable because they are naturally derived components and therefore have a small environmental load even when sprayed on the water area or soil to be treated.
また、硫黄細菌を水溶性高分子と共に噴霧して担体に固定させれば、硫黄細菌が水溶性高分子で被覆された状態となり、より硫黄細菌の長期安定性や乾燥に対する耐久性が向上する傾向にある。この被覆処理は、硫黄細菌のマイクロカプセル化ともいうことができ、硫黄細菌は凝集することなく、水溶性高分子で被覆される。このような被覆処理に特に適した水溶性高分子として、例えば、キサンタンガムやポリビニルアルコールが挙げられる。被覆処理のための噴霧方法は任意であり、硫黄細菌、水溶性高分子、担体の種類、担持する量等と共に適宜好適な方法及び条件が選択される。 Further, if the sulfur bacteria are sprayed together with the water-soluble polymer and fixed to the carrier, the sulfur bacteria are in a state of being coated with the water-soluble polymer, and the long-term stability of the sulfur bacteria and the durability against drying tend to be improved. It is in. This coating treatment can also be referred to as microencapsulation of sulfur bacteria, and the sulfur bacteria are coated with a water-soluble polymer without agglutination. Examples of the water-soluble polymer particularly suitable for such a coating treatment include xanthan gum and polyvinyl alcohol. The spraying method for the coating treatment is arbitrary, and suitable methods and conditions are appropriately selected together with sulfur bacteria, a water-soluble polymer, the type of carrier, the amount to be supported, and the like.
（液状組成物）
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤は、水又は水を主体とする溶媒に添加、混合して液状組成物とすることができる。
前記溶媒の水の割合は、５０重量％以上、好ましくは８０重量％以上（１００重量％含む）である。水以外の溶媒としては、硫黄細菌の繁殖や活性を阻害しないものであればよく、エタノールなど低級アルコールが挙げられる。
(Liquid composition)
The powdery microbial preparation of the present invention can be added to water or a solvent mainly composed of water and mixed to obtain a liquid composition.
The proportion of water in the solvent is 50% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more (including 100% by weight). The solvent other than water may be any solvent that does not inhibit the growth and activity of sulfur bacteria, and examples thereof include lower alcohols such as ethanol.
粉体状微生物製剤を液状組成物とすることにより、粉体状微生物製剤の散布を行いやすくすることができる。また、液状組成物は、特に溶媒と共に土壌内部へ浸透させることができるので、土壌改善用として好ましい。液状組成物として土壌内部へ浸透することで、土壌の深さ方向にも硫黄細菌の効果を安定して奏することができ、団粒状の土壌とすることができる。 By making the powdery microbial preparation into a liquid composition, it is possible to facilitate spraying of the powdery microbial preparation. In addition, the liquid composition is particularly preferable for soil improvement because it can be permeated into the soil together with the solvent. By permeating into the soil as a liquid composition, the effect of sulfur bacteria can be stably exerted even in the depth direction of the soil, and the soil can be agglomerated.
液状組成物に含ませる粉体状微生物製剤の割合は、任意である。例えば本発明の粉体状微生物製剤１００〜３００ｇ程度を、水１０Ｌに添加し、これを液状組成物として散布することができる。なお、粉体状微生物製剤を高濃度で使用する場合、凝集や沈殿の発生を抑制するために、使用直前に本発明の粉体状微生物製剤を、溶媒に添加して使用することもできる。また、凝集や沈殿の発生した場合でもこれを再度撹拌することにより、本発明の液状組成物として使用することができる。 The proportion of the powdered microbial preparation contained in the liquid composition is arbitrary. For example, about 100 to 300 g of the powdered microbial preparation of the present invention can be added to 10 L of water and sprayed as a liquid composition. When the powdered microbial preparation is used at a high concentration, the powdered microbial preparation of the present invention can be added to a solvent and used immediately before use in order to suppress the occurrence of aggregation and precipitation. Further, even when aggregation or precipitation occurs, it can be used as the liquid composition of the present invention by stirring it again.
液状組成物には、粉体状微生物製剤以外にも硫黄細菌の繁殖や活性を阻害しないものであれば任意の成分を含んでいてもよい。例えば、公知のｐＨ調整剤や分散剤などが挙げられる。 The liquid composition may contain any component other than the powdered microbial preparation as long as it does not inhibit the growth and activity of sulfur bacteria. For example, known pH adjusters and dispersants can be mentioned.
＜２．粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法＞
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤は、その効果（担持された硫黄細菌の代謝作用）が阻害されない限り、特に制限はないが、本発明の粉体状微生物製剤を製造する方法のうち、以下に説明する製造方法が（以下、「本発明の粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法」または単に「本発明の製造方法」と称す。）が好適である。
<2. Manufacturing method of powdered microbial preparation>
The powdery microbial preparation of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as its effect (metabolism of the carried sulfur bacteria) is not inhibited, but among the methods for producing the powdery microbial preparation of the present invention, the following The production method to be described is preferably (hereinafter, referred to as "the production method of the powdery microbial preparation of the present invention" or simply "the production method of the present invention").
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法は、硫黄細菌を溶媒に添加して混合し、硫黄細菌含有溶液を製造する工程（１）と、前記硫黄細菌含有溶液を、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子を含む担体に接触させることによって、前記担体に硫黄細菌を担持させる工程（２）と、を有する。以下、工程（１）および工程（２）について詳細に説明する。 The method for producing a powdered microbial preparation of the present invention includes a step (1) of adding sulfur bacteria to a solvent and mixing them to produce a sulfur-bacteria-containing solution, and the sulfur-bacteria-containing solution from montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin. It has a step (2) of carrying sulfur bacteria on the carrier by contacting with a carrier containing neutral porous particles consisting of at least one selected from the above group. Hereinafter, the step (1) and the step (2) will be described in detail.
[工程（１）]
工程（１）は、硫黄細菌を溶媒に添加して混合し、硫黄細菌含有溶液を製造する工程である。なお、硫黄細菌については、＜１．粉体状微生物製剤＞と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
硫黄細菌含有溶液には、できる限り硫黄細菌以外の菌を含ませないように（好適には硫黄細菌のみと）することが好ましい。このようにすることにより、硫黄細菌が優先的に培養された培養液が得られ、この培養液を使用することにより、担体に硫黄細菌を優先的に担持することができる。
[Process (1)]
Step (1) is a step of adding sulfur bacteria to a solvent and mixing them to produce a sulfur bacteria-containing solution. Regarding sulfur bacteria, <1. Since it is the same as powdered microbial preparation>, the description thereof will be omitted.
It is preferable that the sulfur-containing solution does not contain bacteria other than sulfur bacteria as much as possible (preferably only sulfur bacteria). By doing so, a culture solution in which sulfur bacteria are preferentially cultured can be obtained, and by using this culture solution, sulfur bacteria can be preferentially supported on the carrier.
溶媒としては、硫黄細菌の繁殖や活性を阻害しないものであればよく、通常、水又は水を主体とする溶媒である。前記溶媒の水の割合は、５０重量％以上、好ましくは８０重量％以上（１００重量％含む）である。水以外の溶媒としては、エタノールなど低級アルコールが挙げられる。 The solvent may be any one that does not inhibit the growth and activity of sulfur bacteria, and is usually water or a solvent mainly composed of water. The proportion of water in the solvent is 50% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more (including 100% by weight). Examples of the solvent other than water include lower alcohols such as ethanol.
また、より硫黄細菌を安定して担持させ、かつ、乾燥に強くするために、硫黄細菌含有溶液を、水溶性高分子を添加して製造することが好ましい。水溶性高分子については、＜１．粉体状微生物製剤＞と同様であるため、説明を省略する。 Further, in order to support sulfur bacteria more stably and to make it resistant to drying, it is preferable to produce a sulfur bacteria-containing solution by adding a water-soluble polymer. For water-soluble polymers, <1. Since it is the same as powdered microbial preparation>, the description thereof will be omitted.
なお、硫黄細菌含有溶液には、硫黄細菌の繁殖や活性を阻害しない限り、任意の添加剤を添加していてもよい。 In addition, any additive may be added to the sulfur-bacteria-containing solution as long as it does not inhibit the growth and activity of sulfur bacteria.
[工程（２）]
工程（２）は、前記硫黄細菌含有溶液を、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子を含む担体に接触させることによって、前記担体に硫黄細菌を担持させる工程である。工程（２）では、通常、担体に硫黄細菌含有溶液を接触させたのちに、乾燥処理（自然乾燥含む）により硫黄細菌含有溶液から溶媒を除去して、前記担体に硫黄細菌を担持させる。
[Process (2)]
In step (2), the sulfur-containing solution is brought into contact with a carrier containing neutral porous particles consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin, thereby causing sulfur to the carrier. This is a step of supporting bacteria. In the step (2), usually, after the carrier is brought into contact with the sulfur-reducing solution, the solvent is removed from the sulfur-reducing solution by a drying treatment (including natural drying) to support the sulfur-reducing bacteria on the carrier.
担体である中性の多孔質粒子については、＜１．粉体状微生物製剤＞と同様であるため、説明を省略する。なお、担体は、粒子サイズ５３μｍ以下（好適には４５μｍ以下）の中性の多孔質粒子が、７０重量％以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは８０重量％以上、特に好ましくは９０重量％以上、さらに好ましくは９８重量％以上（１００重量％含む）である。なお、担体として用いられる多孔質粒子には、一部粒子サイズが大きいものが含まれていてもよい。
より散布性や散布後の分散性を高めるためには、担体は、粒子サイズ４５μｍ以下の粒子のみを担体にすることが特に好ましい。
For neutral porous particles that are carriers, <1. Since it is the same as powdered microbial preparation>, the description thereof will be omitted. The carrier preferably contains 70% by weight or more of neutral porous particles having a particle size of 53 μm or less (preferably 45 μm or less), more preferably 80% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight or more. , More preferably 98% by weight or more (including 100% by weight). The porous particles used as the carrier may include some particles having a large particle size.
In order to further enhance the dispersibility and dispersibility after spraying, it is particularly preferable that the carrier uses only particles having a particle size of 45 μm or less.
硫黄細菌含有溶液と、担体とを接触させる方法は任意であり、担体を硫黄細菌含有溶液に浸漬したのちに溶媒を蒸発させたり、担体に硫黄細菌含有溶液を振り掛ける方法等がある。より均等な量の硫黄細菌含有溶液を担体に付与することができ、担持される硫黄細菌の量を均等にすることができる点で、硫黄細菌含有溶液を噴霧することによって、担体に接触させる方法が好ましい。また、この噴霧による担持は、工程（１）において水溶性高分子を用いるとき、特に適しており、硫黄細菌を水溶性高分子と共に担体へ担持させようとするとき、噴霧により担持させることで、硫黄細菌が水溶性高分子で被覆された状態とすることができ、また、水溶性高分子が過剰に担体を覆ってしまい粉体がべたついたり、粉体が凝固することを避けることができる。 The method of contacting the sulfur-containing solution with the carrier is arbitrary, and there is a method of immersing the carrier in the sulfur-containing solution and then evaporating the solvent, or a method of sprinkling the sulfur-containing solution on the carrier. A method of contacting a carrier by spraying the sulfur-reducing solution in that a more even amount of the sulfur-reducing solution can be applied to the carrier and the amount of sulfur-reducing carried can be equalized. Is preferable. Further, this support by spraying is particularly suitable when a water-soluble polymer is used in the step (1), and when the sulfur bacterium is to be supported on the carrier together with the water-soluble polymer, it is supported by spraying. The sulfur bacteria can be in a state of being coated with the water-soluble polymer, and it is possible to prevent the water-soluble polymer from excessively covering the carrier and causing the powder to become sticky or solidify.
＜３．粉体状微生物製剤の使用方法＞
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤は、そのままあるいは溶媒に添加した液状組成物として、処理対象の土壌や水域に対して散布して使用することができる。
<3. How to use powdered microbial preparation>
The powdery microbial preparation of the present invention can be used as it is or as a liquid composition added to a solvent by spraying it on the soil or water area to be treated.
本発明の土壌改善方法は、上記本発明の粉体状微生物製剤、または液状組成物を、処理対象の土壌に散布することを特徴とする。
粉体状微生物製剤をそのまま使用する場合にはさらに土壌と混合させることが好ましい。一方で、粉体状微生物製剤を含有する液状組成物であれば、粉体状微生物製剤の粒径が小さいため、溶媒と共に土壌内部に浸透させやすいため好ましい。
The soil improvement method of the present invention is characterized by spraying the powdery microbial preparation or the liquid composition of the present invention on the soil to be treated.
When the powdered microbial preparation is used as it is, it is preferable to further mix it with soil. On the other hand, a liquid composition containing a powdery microbial preparation is preferable because the powdery microbial preparation has a small particle size and easily penetrates into the soil together with the solvent.
また、本発明の粉体状微生物製剤における担体を、粒子サイズ４５μｍ以下の粒子のみとすると、噴霧用ノズルの閉塞が起こりづらく、動力噴霧器を用いて広範囲に噴霧で散布しやすいという利点もある。 Further, when the carrier in the powdered microbial preparation of the present invention is only particles having a particle size of 45 μm or less, there is an advantage that the spray nozzle is less likely to be clogged and it is easy to spray over a wide area using a power sprayer.
土壌に散布するときの散布量は、その土壌の用途や性質等により適宜設定されるが、粉体状微生物製剤として、３〜２０ｇ／ｍ2であることが好ましく、５〜１０ｇ／ｍ2であることがより好ましい。 The amount to be sprayed on the soil is appropriately set depending on the use and properties of the soil, but is preferably 3 to 20 g / m 2 as a powdery microbial preparation, and is 5 to 10 g / m 2 . More preferably.
本発明の土壌改善方法により、改善された土壌は、各種植物が生育しやすいものとなる。具体的には、野菜や花、芝生、植木、樹木、果樹等に用いることができる。 According to the soil improvement method of the present invention, various plants can easily grow on the improved soil. Specifically, it can be used for vegetables, flowers, lawns, plants, trees, fruit trees and the like.
また、本発明の水質改善方法は、上記本発明の粉体状微生物製剤、または液状組成物を、処理対象の水域に散布することを特徴とする。 Further, the water quality improving method of the present invention is characterized in that the powdery microbial preparation or the liquid composition of the present invention is sprayed on the water area to be treated.
本発明の水質改善方法により、水質浄化、ヘドロの分解、悪臭改善およびプランクトン発生抑制の少なくとも１以上の環境浄化方法に用いることができる。より具体的には、水質浄化方法に用いる場合、浄化対象となる水として例えば浄化槽や、海、池、沼、小川、養殖場、水槽等があげられる。これらの水域に本発明の微生物製剤を混合して静置したり、水面に散布する等の方法で、浄化対象における水質を改善することができる。また、上述のように、本発明の粉体状微生物製剤の担体として、粒子サイズ４５μｍ以下とすることにより、水域への沈降速度が小さくなるため、浄化対象の水域に広範囲に拡散したのちに、徐々に沈降するという利点がある。 According to the water quality improving method of the present invention, it can be used for at least one or more environmental purification methods for water purification, sludge decomposition, malodor improvement and plankton generation suppression. More specifically, when used in a water purification method, examples of water to be purified include septic tanks, seas, ponds, swamps, streams, farms, and aquariums. The water quality in the object to be purified can be improved by mixing the microbial preparation of the present invention in these water areas and allowing it to stand, or by spraying it on the water surface. Further, as described above, when the particle size of the carrier of the powdered microbial preparation of the present invention is 45 μm or less, the sedimentation rate in the water area is reduced, so that the particles are widely diffused in the water area to be purified and then spread over a wide area. It has the advantage of gradually settling.
また、本発明の微生物製剤を用いたヘドロの分解方法として達成することもできる。ヘドロの分解にあたっては、ヘドロは、有機物を多量に含有する底質中で有機物を過剰に生物分解し、嫌気性状態になっているもので、硫化水素などの硫化物が発生し、好気性細菌や通性嫌気性細菌が生息しにくくなったものである。特に硫化水素の発生が顕著に確認されるヘドロを硫化水素ヘドロと呼ぶ場合がある。このようなヘドロは、原生動物等による有機物の分解が困難となり、浄化されにくくなるが、本発明の粉体状微生物製剤を混合や、散布しておくことで、これらのヘドロを分解し、本来の底質に戻すことができる。 It can also be achieved as a sludge decomposition method using the microbial preparation of the present invention. In the decomposition of sludge, sludge is in an anaerobic state due to excessive biodegradation of organic substances in the sediment containing a large amount of organic substances, and sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide are generated, resulting in aerobic bacteria. It is difficult for sludge and facultative anaerobic bacteria to inhabit. In particular, sludge in which the generation of hydrogen sulfide is remarkably confirmed may be called hydrogen sulfide sludge. Such sludge is difficult to decompose organic substances by protozoa and the like, and it is difficult to purify it. However, by mixing or spraying the powdery microbial preparation of the present invention, these sludges are decomposed and originally Can be returned to the bottom sediment of.
また、本発明の微生物製剤を用いた悪臭改善方法としても達成することができる。この場合、悪臭改善したい生ごみ、排水溝、汲み取り式トイレなど小規模の対象だけでなく、浄化槽、生活排水、工場排水、畜舎等の中〜大規模対象にも、本発明の微生物製剤を散布することで悪臭改善効果を発揮する。 It can also be achieved as a method for improving malodor using the microbial preparation of the present invention. In this case, the microbial preparation of the present invention is sprayed not only on small-scale objects such as kitchen waste, drainage ditches, and pump-type toilets for which foul odors are to be improved, but also on medium- to large-scale objects such as septic tanks, domestic wastewater, factory wastewater, and barns. By doing so, the effect of improving bad odor is exhibited.
また、本発明の微生物製剤を用いたプランクトンの発生抑制方法としても達成することができる。すなわち、本発明の微生物製剤を海・湖沼・河川などの水域における、貧栄養状態から富栄養に伴うプランクトン等の異常発生の抑制等にもちいることができる。 It can also be achieved as a method for suppressing the generation of plankton using the microbial preparation of the present invention. That is, the microbial preparation of the present invention can be used for suppressing the occurrence of abnormalities such as plankton due to eutrophication from oligotrophic state in water areas such as seas, lakes and rivers.
以上、本発明について述べたが、これらは本発明の例示であって制限的なものではない。特に、今回開示された内容において、明示的に開示されていない事項、例えば、上記土壌改良方法や水質改善方法において、明示的に開示されていない操業条件、各種パラメータなどは、当業者が通常実施する範囲を逸脱するものではなく、通常の当業者であれば、容易に想定することが可能な値を採用できる。 Although the present invention has been described above, these are examples of the present invention and are not limiting. In particular, matters not explicitly disclosed in the contents disclosed this time, for example, operating conditions, various parameters, etc. that are not explicitly disclosed in the above soil improvement method and water quality improvement method are usually carried out by those skilled in the art. It does not deviate from the range to be specified, and a value that can be easily assumed by a person skilled in the art can be adopted.
以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は、その要旨を変更しない限り以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples unless the gist thereof is changed.
「微生物製剤の調製」
「担体」
中性の多孔質粒子であるモンモリロナイトを豊富に含む風化生成物層の土壌を、３２５メッシュ（目開き４５μｍ）の金網篩で、篩分けし、粒子サイズ４５μｍ以下の多孔質粒子を得た。この多孔質粒子を本発明の微生物製剤の担体とした。
得られた多孔質粒子を分捕りし１０ｇを、１００ｇの水に入れて、十分に攪拌した後にｐH測定器を用いてｐHを測定した。同様の測定を３回行い、測定されたｐHは、すべて６．０〜８．０の範囲であった。
"Preparation of microbial preparations"
"Carrier"
The soil of the weathered product layer rich in montmorillonite, which is a neutral porous particle, was sieved with a wire mesh sieve of 325 mesh (opening 45 μm) to obtain porous particles having a particle size of 45 μm or less. These porous particles were used as a carrier for the microbial preparation of the present invention.
The obtained porous particles were separated, 10 g of the particles was placed in 100 g of water, and the particles were sufficiently stirred, and then the pH was measured using a pH meter. The same measurement was performed three times, and the measured pH was all in the range of 6.0 to 8.0.
・培養液（ａ） 硫黄細菌の培養液
本発明の微生物製剤に担持させる微生物として硫黄酸化菌属であるアシドチオバチルス属を培養するために、この菌が優占的に培養される公知の培養液を用いて、硫黄細菌の培養液（培養液（ａ））を調製した。この硫黄細菌の培養液における、細菌濃度は、1010〜1012 Cell/mLであった。
-Culture solution (a) Culture solution of sulfur bacteria A known culture in which this bacterium is predominantly cultivated in order to cultivate the genus Acidiobacillus, which is a genus of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, as a microorganism to be carried on the microbial preparation of the present invention. A culture solution of sulfur bacteria (culture solution (a)) was prepared using the solution. The bacterial concentration in the culture of this sulfur bacterium was 10 10 to 10 12 Cell / mL.
・水溶性高分子混合培養液（ｂ）
キサンタンガムを水に溶解させ、キサンタンガム濃度が１０重量％の水溶性高分子混合溶液を調製した。この水溶性高分子混合溶液９５重量部と、前述の培養液（ａ）５重量部を、混合して撹拌することで、キサンタンガムと硫黄細菌とを含有する水溶性高分子混合培養液（ｂ）を調製した。
-Water-soluble polymer mixed culture solution (b)
Xanthan gum was dissolved in water to prepare a water-soluble polymer mixed solution having a xanthan gum concentration of 10% by weight. By mixing 95 parts by weight of this water-soluble polymer mixed solution and 5 parts by weight of the above-mentioned culture solution (a) and stirring, the water-soluble polymer mixed culture solution (b) containing xanthan gum and sulfur bacteria is used. Was prepared.
「担持方法」
水溶性高分子混合培養液（ｂ）１００重量部を、前述の担体２０００重量部に噴霧器で噴霧し、常温で自然乾燥することによって、硫黄細菌を水溶性高分子と共に担体に担持させた粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を得た。顕微鏡観察により、水溶性高分子により硫黄細菌が被覆されていることが確認された。
粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）は、湿り気が無く凝固等がほとんど発生しておらず、滑らかに分散するものであった。
"Supporting method"
A powder in which sulfur bacteria are supported on a carrier together with a water-soluble polymer by spraying 100 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer mixed culture solution (b) on 2000 parts by weight of the above-mentioned carrier with a sprayer and air-drying at room temperature. A microbial preparation (A) was obtained. Microscopic observation confirmed that the sulfur bacteria were coated with the water-soluble polymer.
The powdery microbial preparation (A) was not damp and hardly coagulated, and dispersed smoothly.
［試験例１−１：土壌の改善試験１］
［評価項目］
「測定方法」
［ＥＣ］：サトテック社製 “防水導電率系計 ＰＣＤ−４３１”
[Test Example 1-1: Soil improvement test 1]
[Evaluation item]
"Measuring method"
[EC]: "Waterproof conductivity system meter PCD-431" manufactured by Satotec
評価は、農作物用ハウスの土壌（作付け用面積：８ｍ×５０ｍ）で行った。なお、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）の散布前後のＥＣ値を評価して、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）散布による土壌改善効果を確認した。 The evaluation was carried out on the soil of the greenhouse for crops (planting area: 8 m × 50 m). The EC value before and after spraying the powdered microbial preparation (A) was evaluated, and the soil improvement effect of spraying the powdered microbial preparation (A) was confirmed.
粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を、水に添加して十分にかき混ぜて、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）濃度２０ｇ／Ｌの液状組成物を調製した。この液状組成物を、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）としての散布量が５ｇ／ｍ2となるように農作物用ハウスの土壌に散布した。 The powdery microbial preparation (A) was added to water and sufficiently stirred to prepare a liquid composition having a powdery microbial preparation (A) concentration of 20 g / L. This liquid composition was sprayed on the soil of the greenhouse for agricultural products so that the spraying amount as the powdery microbial preparation (A) was 5 g / m 2 .
粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を散布する前のＥＣ値は、１８００μＳ／ｃｍであり、作付に適さない高い値であった。一方、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を散布した後は、ＥＣ値は、７００μＳ／ｃｍまで低下した。このことより、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）の散布により土壌が改善したことが示された。 The EC value before spraying the powdered microbial preparation (A) was 1800 μS / cm, which was a high value unsuitable for planting. On the other hand, after spraying the powdered microbial preparation (A), the EC value decreased to 700 μS / cm. From this, it was shown that the soil was improved by spraying the powdered microbial preparation (A).
［試験例１−２：土壌の改善試験２］
５アール程のイチゴ（紅ほっぺ）の栽培ハウスに平成２６年９月中旬に苗を定植し、所定期間経過後に、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を散布量が５ｇ／ｍ2となるようにハウス入口より左側３列の畝に散布した。なお、右側２列は比較のために散布を行わなかった。平成２７年３月末時点（収穫中）では、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を散布した畝（散布土壌）の方が、未散布の畝（未散布土壌）よりも、イチゴの生育が良いのが目視で確認できた。
[Test Example 1-2: Soil Improvement Test 2]
Seedlings were planted in a strawberry (red hoppe) cultivation house of about 5 ares in mid-September 2014, and after a predetermined period of time, the powdered microbial preparation (A) was sprayed to a spray rate of 5 g / m 2. It was sprayed on the ridges in the three rows on the left side of the house entrance. The two columns on the right side were not sprayed for comparison. As of the end of March 2015 (during harvesting), the ridges (sprayed soil) sprayed with the powdered microbial preparation (A) have better growth of strawberries than the unsprayed ridges (unsprayed soil). Was visually confirmed.
平成２７年７月中旬（粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）の散布後約９か月）に次作のために散布・未散布土壌の土壌検査を行った。図１に粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を散布した土壌の検査結果、図２に散布していない土壌の検査結果をそれぞれ示す。なお、図１，２において、丸印がグラフ中央の「施肥前標準」の中に含まれているほど栽培に適することを意味する。
連作障害の原因として残留肥料成分があるが、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）の散布土壌では、これまで過剰気味だった肥料成分が低減され標準的な土壌成分値の分布に近づいていた。一方、未散布土壌では肥料成分が標準よりも高めに残留していた。
In mid-July 2015 (about 9 months after spraying the powdered microbial preparation (A)), soil inspection of sprayed and unsprayed soil was carried out for the next crop. FIG. 1 shows the inspection results of the soil to which the powdered microbial preparation (A) was sprayed, and FIG. 2 shows the inspection results of the soil not sprayed. In addition, in FIGS. 1 and 2, it means that the more the circle is included in the "standard before fertilization" in the center of the graph, the more suitable for cultivation.
Residual fertilizer component is the cause of continuous cropping disorder, but in the soil sprayed with powdered microbial preparation (A), the fertilizer component, which had been excessive until now, was reduced and approached the standard distribution of soil component values. On the other hand, in unsprayed soil, fertilizer components remained higher than the standard.
［試験例２：水質浄化方法］
［試験例２−１：沈降試験］
粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）５ｇを、容器に入った水（２０Ｌ）に散布し、目視で経過観察したところ、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）は直ちに沈降せず、分散しながら徐々に進行していくことが確認された。
[Test Example 2: Water purification method]
[Test Example 2-1: Sedimentation test]
When 5 g of the powdered microbial preparation (A) was sprayed on water (20 L) contained in a container and visually observed, the powdered microbial preparation (A) did not immediately settle and gradually progressed while being dispersed. It was confirmed that we would do it.
［試験例２−２：水質浄化試験］
［試験内容］
場所：佐賀県内の有明ノリ乾燥工場
使用製剤と使用量：粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）１ｋｇ
散布方法：工場排水の排水槽（約４００ｔ）内、及び工場〜排水槽間の水路上流に散布した。
試験開始時期：１２月
試験内容：ノリ屑が排水槽内に堆積し悪臭がひどく、最終的に川へ排水した際にノリの色素のために水がピンク色になってしまうのを改善する目的。水産ノリ乾燥工場の排水槽（Ａ）にはなにも散布せず、水産ノリ乾燥工場の排水槽（Ｂ）に上記のとおり微生物製剤（Ａ）を散布した。
試験例２−２の分析結果を表１に示す。
[Test Example 2-2: Water purification test]
[contents of the test]
Location: Ariake Nori Drying Factory in Saga Prefecture Formulation and amount used: Powdered microbial formulation (A) 1 kg
Spraying method: Sprayed in the drainage tank (about 400t) of the factory drainage and upstream of the waterway between the factory and the drainage tank.
Test start time: December Test content: The purpose is to improve the fact that glue dust accumulates in the drainage tank and has a bad odor, and when it is finally drained into the river, the water turns pink due to the glue pigment. .. Nothing was sprayed on the drainage tank (A) of the fish paste drying factory, and the microbial preparation (A) was sprayed on the drain tank (B) of the fishery glue drying factory as described above.
The analysis results of Test Example 2-2 are shown in Table 1.
経過：粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を散布することで排水槽の臭気が抑制された。また、排水のピンクの着色も改善された。なお、上記の臭気シグマ値が高いほど臭気が高く、このシグマ値は相対的な値として確認するものである。試験時、外気では３３３〜３４０を示す状態であり、対照槽である水槽（Ａ）は微生物製剤の散布を行わなかったため１０７９まで上昇したが、微生物製剤の散布を行った水槽（Ｂ）は、６３０までしか上昇しなかった。 Course: The odor of the drainage tank was suppressed by spraying the powdered microbial preparation (A). Also, the pink coloring of wastewater was improved. The higher the odor sigma value, the higher the odor, and this sigma value is confirmed as a relative value. At the time of the test, the outside air showed 333 to 340, and the control tank (A) rose to 1079 because the microbial preparation was not sprayed, but the water tank (B) on which the microbial preparation was sprayed increased to 1079. It only rose to 630.
［試験例３：効果の経時変化の評価］
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤の長期安定性の評価として、以下の評価を行った。
評価用試料として、粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）（製造直後の試料）及び粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）と同様の製法で製造し、乾燥状態で４年以上保管した試料（以下、「粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ’）」と記載する。）を用いた。
まず、有機物を含む処理対象の原水として、ホテル厨房排水（約２リットル）を３つのガラス製３L水槽にそれぞれ入れ、以下の条件で粉体状微生物製剤を添加した。
水槽１：原水（約２L）（参照）
水槽２：原水（約２L）に粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）を１ｇ添加
水槽３：原水（約２L）に粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ’）を１ｇ添加
[Test Example 3: Evaluation of change over time of effect]
The following evaluations were carried out as evaluations of the long-term stability of the powdered microbial preparation of the present invention.
As a sample for evaluation, a sample produced by the same manufacturing method as the powdered microbial preparation (A) (sample immediately after production) and the powdered microbial preparation (A) and stored in a dry state for 4 years or more (hereinafter, "powder"). It is described as "body-like microbial preparation (A')").
First, hotel kitchen wastewater (about 2 liters) was placed in each of three glass 3L water tanks as raw water to be treated containing organic substances, and a powdery microbial preparation was added under the following conditions.
Aquarium 1: Raw water (about 2L) (see)
Water tank 2: Add 1 g of powdered microbial preparation (A) to raw water (about 2 L) Water tank 3: Add 1 g of powdered microbial preparation (A') to raw water (about 2 L)
［試験例３−１：水質検査］
原水の水質検査開始時（初日）、検査開始後１０日後の原水（水槽１）及び粉体状微生物製剤を添加水槽（水槽２，３）の水質を検査した。水質検査としては、生物化学的酸素要求量（ＢＯＤ）及び浮遊物質（ＳＳ、粒子径２mm以下の不溶解性物質）の量を評価した。
結果を表２に示す。
[Test Example 3-1: Water quality inspection]
At the start of the water quality inspection of the raw water (first day), the water quality of the raw water (water tank 1) and the powdered microbial preparation added 10 days after the start of the inspection was inspected in the water tanks (water tanks 2 and 3). As a water quality test, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the amount of suspended solids (SS, insoluble substance having a particle size of 2 mm or less) were evaluated.
The results are shown in Table 2.
目視観察では、実験開始１０日後、水槽１では、初日と同様に白濁していたのに対し、水槽２、３の透明度が明らかに改善し、原水との差がはっきりとした。
そして、表２に示されるように、実験開始１０日後における水槽１〜３のＢＯＤ、ＳＳを対比すると、時間の経過によって、粉体状微生物製剤を添加していない水槽１の数値も低下したが、粉体状微生物製剤を添加した水槽２，３では、水槽１に対し有意にＢＯＤ、ＳＳの低減が確認できた。また、４年以上保管した粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ’）は、製造直後の粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）と同等以上の効果を示した。
By visual observation, 10 days after the start of the experiment, the water tank 1 was cloudy as on the first day, but the transparency of the water tanks 2 and 3 was clearly improved, and the difference from the raw water was clear.
Then, as shown in Table 2, when the BOD and SS of the water tanks 1 to 3 10 days after the start of the experiment were compared, the values of the water tank 1 to which the powdered microbial preparation was not added decreased with the passage of time. In the water tanks 2 and 3 to which the powdered microbial preparation was added, it was confirmed that the BOD and SS were significantly reduced as compared with the water tank 1. In addition, the powdered microbial preparation (A') stored for 4 years or more showed the same or better effect as the powdered microbial preparation (A) immediately after production.
［試験例３−２：臭気検査］
表３に、水槽１〜３について、試験開始日と５日後、１０日後に臭気の検査を行った結果を示す。臭気検査は、臭気測定器（(株)カルモア KALMOR-Σ SK-210））を使用した。また、表３の数値は基準として外気を１００としたときの相対値である。
[Test Example 3-2: Odor test]
Table 3 shows the results of the odor inspection of the water tanks 1 to 3 after the test start date and 5 days and 10 days later. For the odor test, an odor measuring instrument (Kalmore Co., Ltd. KALMOR-Σ SK-210) was used. The values in Table 3 are relative values when the outside air is set to 100 as a reference.
臭気においては、時間の経過によって、粉体状微生物製剤を添加していない水槽１の数値が増加したが、粉体状微生物製剤を添加した水槽２，３では、時間の経過によって、水槽１に対し有意に臭気の低減が確認できた。また、４年以上保管した粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ’）は、製造直後の粉体状微生物製剤（Ａ）と同等以上の効果を示した。 Regarding the odor, the value of the water tank 1 to which the powdered microbial preparation was not added increased with the passage of time, but in the water tanks 2 and 3 to which the powdery microbial preparation was added, the value of the water tank 1 was increased with the passage of time. On the other hand, a significant reduction in odor was confirmed. In addition, the powdered microbial preparation (A') stored for 4 years or more showed an effect equal to or higher than that of the powdered microbial preparation (A) immediately after production.
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤（製剤（Ａ）及び（Ａ’））は、水質改善に優れた効果を示すと共に、製造から長期間（少なくとも４年以上）、製造したばかりのものとほぼ同等に効果を有することが分かった。硫黄細菌を水溶性高分子と共にモンモリロナイトからなる中性の多孔質担体に担持させているため、長期間失活させることなく、硫黄細菌が保持できたものと考えられる。 The powdered microbial preparations (preparations (A) and (A')) of the present invention show an excellent effect on improving water quality and are almost equivalent to those freshly manufactured for a long period of time (at least 4 years or more) from the production. It was found to have an effect on. Since the sulfur bacteria are supported on a neutral porous carrier made of montmorillonite together with a water-soluble polymer, it is considered that the sulfur bacteria could be retained without being inactivated for a long period of time.
本発明の粉体状微生物製剤は、担持された硫黄細菌の代謝作用及び分散性に優れており、土壌改良や、水質浄化、ヘドロの分解、悪臭改善、プランクトンの発生抑制等に用いることができ、産業上有益である。 The powdered microbial preparation of the present invention is excellent in the metabolic action and dispersibility of the carried sulfur bacteria, and can be used for soil improvement, water purification, sludge decomposition, malodor improvement, plankton generation suppression, and the like. , Industrially beneficial.
Claims (9)
前記硫黄細菌が水溶性高分子で被覆されて担体に担持され、
前記担体の粒子サイズが４５μｍ以下であることを特徴とする粉体状微生物製剤。 A powdery microbial preparation in which sulfur bacteria are carried on a powdery carrier, wherein the carrier contains neutral porous particles consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, zeolite and kaolin. See,
The sulfur bacteria are coated with a water-soluble polymer and supported on a carrier.
A powdery microbial preparation characterized in that the particle size of the carrier is 45 μm or less .
前記硫黄細菌含有溶液を、モンモリロナイト、ゼオライトおよびカオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種以上からなる中性の多孔質粒子を含み、粒子サイズ４５μｍ以下である担体に接触させることによって、前記担体に硫黄細菌を担持させる工程（２）と、
を有することを特徴とする粉体状微生物製剤の製造方法。 The step (1) of producing a sulfur-bacteria-containing solution by adding a water-soluble polymer together with sulfur bacteria to a solvent and mixing them.
Said sulfur bacteria-containing solution, montmorillonite, seen including a neutral porous particles consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of zeolite and kaolin, by contacting the carrier is less than the particle size 45 [mu] m, the carrier Step (2) to support sulfur bacteria on
A method for producing a powdered microbial preparation, which comprises.
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