JP6821088B2 - バイタルサインのリモート測定のためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
バイタルサインのリモート測定のためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
ここで、||Z||*=Σkσk(Y)は、行列Zの特異値σkの総和に等しい行列Zの核ノルムを示す。行列Sのl1ノルムは、そのエントリーの絶対値の総和に等しい||S||l=Σt,j|S(t,j)|として定義される。パラメーターγは、雑音成分Sに吸収される信号エネルギーの相対的な割合を制御する(例えば、1つの実施の形態では、γ=0.05に設定される)。γの値が小さいほど、信号のより多くの部分を雑音とみなすことが可能になる。
心拍動信号は、時間とともにゆっくりと変動するので、RPPG観測結果は、ほぼ静止したプロセスからのマルチチャネル測定値とみなすことができる。したがって、RPPG信号は、以下のスライディング窓を用いて処理される。
幾つかの顔面領域は、より良好なRPPG信号を含むことが生理学的に知られている。しかしながら、これらの顔面領域の「良好性」は、特定のビデオ条件、顔の毛、又は顔のオクルージョンにも依存する。したがって、処理前に、どの領域が最も多くの雑音を含む可能性が高いのかを特定してそれらの領域を除去し、それらの領域が信号推定値に影響を及ぼさないようにすることが有益である。
未処理のRPPG信号P 100を計算するために、幾つかの実施の形態は、まず、顔アライメント(すなわち、顔のランドマーク検出)方法を用いて、複数(例えば、68個)の顔のランドマーク211を検出し、次に、検出されたランドマークを内挿及び外挿して、前額部領域を含むようにより多くの数(例えば、145個)の内挿されたランドマーク212にし、顔をより多くの領域に細分する。顔を複数(例えば、48個)の顔面領域120に分割するのに、顔のランドマークが用いられる。
Claims (16)
- 人のバイタルサインを示す該人の皮膚の種々の領域の輝度の測定値のシーケンスを受信する入力インターフェースと、
最適化問題を解いて、前記種々の領域における測定された前記輝度に対応するフォトプレチスモグラフィ波形の周波数係数を求めるソルバーであって、前記皮膚の種々の領域にわたる前記輝度の該周波数係数に対して結合スパース性を実施するとともに、該周波数係数から再構成された前記皮膚の輝度と、前記皮膚の対応する測定された前記輝度との間の差を削減する前記周波数係数を求める、ソルバーと、
前記フォトプレチスモグラフィ波形の求められた周波数係数から前記人の前記バイタルサインを推定する推定器と、
を備える、リモートフォトプレチスモグラフィ(RPPG)システム。 - 前記ソルバーは、前記結合スパース性を前記最適化問題のソフト制約として実施する、請求項1に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 前記最適化問題は、前記周波数係数のl 2、1 ノルム、及び、測定された前記輝度と前記周波数係数から再構成された前記輝度との間の差を含み、前記周波数係数の前記l 2、1 ノルムは、重み付けされたもの又は重み付けされていないものである、請求項1に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 前記バイタルサインは、前記測定値のシーケンスの種々のセグメントについて反復的に求められ、現在の測定値のセグメントは、第1の部分及び第2の部分を含み、前記第1の部分は、前記現在のセグメントの該第1の部分に対応する期間について以前に求められた前記周波数係数から再構成された輝度によって形成され、前記第2の部分は、前記セグメントの該第2の部分の期間について測定された輝度によって形成される、請求項1に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 皮膚領域の前記輝度は、カメラを用いて測定され、測定された前記輝度は、前記皮膚の前記領域に対応するピクセルの画像輝度から計算される、請求項1に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 前記人の前記皮膚を照明する近赤外線(NIR)光源であって、第1の周波数帯域における照明を提供する、NIR光源と、
前記皮膚の領域の測定された前記輝度が、前記皮膚の該領域の画像のピクセルの輝度から計算されるように、前記第1の周波数帯域と部分的に重複する第2の周波数帯域において前記種々の領域のうちのそれぞれの領域の前記輝度を測定するカメラと、
を更に備える、請求項1に記載のRPPGシステム。 - 前記RPPGシステムは、
ロバスト主成分分析(RPCA)を用いて前記種々の領域のうちのそれぞれの領域の前記輝度の前記測定値を雑音除去するフィルター、
を更に備える、請求項6に記載のRPPGシステム。 - 車両の少なくとも1つの構成要素を制御する制御システムであって、
請求項6に記載のRPPGシステムであって、前記NIR光源は、前記車両内に配置されて、前記車両を運転する前記人の前記皮膚を照明し、前記カメラは、前記車両内に配置されて、前記車両を運転する前記人の前記皮膚の種々の領域の前記輝度を測定する、RPPGシステムと、
前記車両を運転する前記人の前記推定されたバイタルサインに基づいて制御動作を実行するコントローラーと、
を備える、制御システム。 - 前記皮膚の前記領域の測定された前記輝度は、前記皮膚の前記領域の画像のピクセルの前記輝度の平均又は中央値である、請求項5に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 前記ピクセルの輝度は、前記画像の単一チャネルに属する、請求項9に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 前記皮膚の前記領域は、自動顔ランドマーク検出を用いて前記カメラによって特定された前記人の顔における領域である、請求項5に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 前記バイタルサインは前記人の脈拍数を含む、請求項1に記載のRPPGシステム。
- 前記人の前記バイタルサインをレンダリングする出力インターフェース、
を更に備える、請求項1に記載のRPPGシステム。 - リモートフォトプレチスモグラフィ(RPPG)方法であって、該方法は、該方法を実施する記憶された命令と結合されたプロセッサを用い、該命令は、該プロセッサによって実行されると、該方法のステップを実行し、該ステップは、
人のバイタルサインを示す該人の皮膚の種々の領域の輝度の測定値のシーケンスを受信するステップと、
最適化問題を解いて、前記種々の領域における測定された前記輝度に対応するフォトプレチスモグラフィ波形の周波数係数を求めるステップであって、
前記求めるステップは、
前記周波数係数に対して結合スパース性を前記最適化問題のソフト制約として実施するとともに、前記周波数係数から再構成された前記皮膚の輝度と、前記皮膚の対応する測定された前記輝度との間の差を削減する前記周波数係数を求める、ステップと、
前記フォトプレチスモグラフィ波形の求められた周波数係数から前記人の前記バイタルサインを推定するステップと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記最適化問題は、前記周波数係数のl 2、1 ノルム、及び、測定された前記輝度と前記周波数係数から再構成された前記輝度との間の差を含み、前記周波数係数の前記l 2、1 ノルムは、重み付けされたもの又は重み付けされていないものであり、前記バイタルサインは、前記測定値のシーケンスの種々のセグメントについて反復的に求められ、現在の測定値のセグメントは、第1の部分及び第2の部分を含み、前記第1の部分は、前記セグメントの該第1の部分の期間について以前に求められた前記周波数係数から再構成された輝度によって形成され、前記第2の部分は、前記セグメントの該第2の部分の期間について測定された輝度によって形成される、請求項14に記載のRPPG方法。
- 方法を実行するプロセッサによって実行可能なプログラムが具現化される非一時的コンピューター可読記憶媒体であって、前記方法は、
人のバイタルサインを示す該人の皮膚の種々の領域の輝度の測定値のシーケンスを受信することと、
最適化問題を解いて、前記種々の領域における測定された前記輝度に対応するフォトプレチスモグラフィ波形の周波数係数を求めることであって、
前記求めることは、
前記周波数係数に対して結合スパース性を実施するとともに、前記周波数係数から再構成された前記皮膚の輝度と、前記皮膚の対応する測定された前記輝度との間の差を削減する前記周波数係数を求めることと、
前記フォトプレチスモグラフィ波形の求められた周波数係数から前記人の前記バイタルサインを推定することと、
前記人の前記バイタルサインをレンダリングすることと、
を含む、非一時的コンピューター可読記憶媒体。
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