JP6815989B2 - 乱流促進手段を内蔵したタンジェンシャルフロー分離用多流路管状エレメントの新規な形状及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
乱流促進手段を内蔵したタンジェンシャルフロー分離用多流路管状エレメントの新規な形状及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
・上記流路の内壁上に連続的に堆積し且つ上記障害物を完全に被覆している分離層を少なくとも1層有する。
・上記障害物の個数、形状及び寸法は、流れを乱流状態となるように促し、且つ、上記流路の内壁上で濾過層の沈着及び細孔目詰まりを低減、更には解消できるよう充分にせん断及び再循環を生じさせるようなものである。
・上記障害物は、上記流路の内壁上に形成された不連続的な起伏部に相当する。
・上記障害物は、上記流体と接触して濾過を行うための表面であって、上記入口の方を向いて上記被処理流体の流れ方向に傾斜している表面を有する。
・上記障害物は、以下の3つの基準、すなわち上記流路の横断面の面積、形状及び寸法の少なくとも1つが変化した場合に、上記流路の流れ断面に変化を生じさせる。
・上記多孔質支持体は、有機又は無機材料で形成されている。
・多孔質支持体と、上記流路の内壁上に連続的に堆積し且つ上記障害物を完全に被覆している少なくとも1層の分離層とを有しており、それぞれが、酸化物、窒化物、炭化物及び他のセラミック材料並びにこれらの混合物、特に、チタン、アルミニウム及びジルコニウム酸化物並びにこれらの混合物、窒化チタン、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素及び炭化ケイ素から選択されるセラミックで構成されており、必要に応じて別のセラミック材料と混合されている。
・上記支持体は平均孔径が4〜40マイクロメートル(μm)の範囲である。
・上記平均孔径は、容積分布によるd50値であって、全細孔容積の50%が、このd50値より小さい孔径を有する細孔の容積と一致する値に相当し、上記容積分布は、水銀圧入法、例えば規格番号ISO15901−1:2005に記載の方法によって得られる。
・上記多孔質支持体の外面は一定の外形を有する。
・上記多孔質支持体を形成するための材料の連続床であって、上記層レベルでの上記多孔質支持体の断面より大きい面積にわたって厚さが一定である連続床を形成する工程;及び、上記材料の一部を局所的に固化して層ごとに所定のパターンを形成して個々の層を作製すると同時に、このように形成した個々の層をその前の層と結合させる工程を繰り返すことによって上記三次元構造を形成する。
・有機又は無機粉末である固体材料の連続床を形成する。
・無機粉末が配置された光重合性液状前駆体である媒体の連続床を形成する。
・各層は、熱溶融性固体前駆体の糸を連続的又は不連続的に溶融して形成され、上記熱溶融性固体前駆体は、有機支持体及び有機層を形成するための単独で使用される熱溶融性有機ポリマーであるか、又は、無機性支持体を形成するための熱溶融性有機ポリマーとセラミック無機粉末との混合物である。
・粉末を噴霧してレーザービームで溶融させて連続ビードを作製する。
・レーザーによる粒径測定方法に関する規格番号ISO13320:2009、
・分析対象の粉末のサンプリング方法に関する規格番号ISO14488:2007、及び、
・レーザーによる粒径測定のための液中の粉末サンプルの再現性のある分散法に関する規格番号ISO14887:2000
が挙げられる。
・水銀圧入法による測定方法には規格番号ISO15901−1:2005、
・ガス吸着法による測定方法には規格番号ISO15901−2:2006及びISO15901−3:2007
に記載された方法を使用できる。
・精密濾過用分離層の平均孔径は0.1〜2μmの範囲である。
・限外濾過用分離層の平均孔径は0.1〜0.01μmの範囲である。
・ナノ濾過用分離層の平均孔径は0.5〜2nmの範囲である。
・流路の横断面の面積
・流路の横断面の形状
・流路の横断面の寸法
のうち少なくとも1つが変化した場合にその長手軸に沿って変化すると考えられる。
・多孔質支持体を形成するための固体材料(有機又は無機粉末)又は液体材料(有機又は無機粉末が分散した有機前駆体又は液体)の床であって、層レベルでの上記多孔質支持体の断面より大きい面積にわたって厚さが一定である床を形成する工程;及び、
上記材料の一部を局所的に固化して層ごとに所定のパターンを形成して個々の層を作製すると同時に、このように形成した個々の層をその前の層と結合させる工程
を繰り返すこと、あるいは、
・有機又は無機粉末をレーザービーム中に噴霧し溶融させて形成した連続ビードを作製することにより、層ごとに所定のパターンを形成すること、あるいは、
・熱溶融性固体前駆体の糸を連続的又は不連続的(滴下)に溶融すること
によって形成される。上記前駆体が単独で使用される熱溶融性有機ポリマーである場合、上記支持体は有機性であり、直接使用して有機性の層を堆積できる。上記前駆体が熱溶融性有機ポリマーとセラミック又は金属無機粉末との混合物である場合には、バインダーとして使用したポリマーを除去し、無機粉末の粒子を焼結してしまえば、上記支持体は無機性である。
この方法では、支持体又はタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメントを構成する材料の粉末、有機粉末、あるいは好ましくは金属又は酸化物系、窒化物系若しくは炭化物系セラミックで形成された無機材料の粉末、更にはその前駆体の粉末を堆積させて連続床を形成する。その後、選択したパターンに従って強力なレーザービームを局所的に照射して粉末を凝集させることにより、支持体又はタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメントに対応する層を形成し、それをその前の層と焼結により結合させる。局所的に付与したエネルギーの影響下、粉末粒子が部分的に溶融して互いに接合することにより、層状に凝集する。このようにして、作製される造形物の予備焼結が行われる。その後、新たに粉末床を敷き、工程を再開する。
原理は同じままであるが、プリント法では、堆積した層は、支持体を構成する材料又は当該材料の前駆体の有機又は無機(セラミック又は金属)粉末と、それ自体が粉末状のバインダー又は無機粉末自体を被覆するバインダーとの混合物に相当するものであってもよい。上記混合物は均一であり、支持体の構成材料又は当該材料の前駆体の粉末粒子とバインダー粒子とが同様の粒径を有することが好ましい。バインダーとしては、フラン樹脂、フェノール樹脂及びアミノ樹脂が挙げられる。バインダーの重量パーセントは、その性質及び使用する粉末の平均粒径に応じて1〜25重量%の範囲となるべきである。その後、選択したパターンに従ってバインダーの活性化剤を非常に微細な液滴状に噴霧し、粉末を局所的に凝集させる。上記活性化剤はバインダー用溶媒であってもよく、該溶媒は、ほぼ瞬間的に乾燥させれば、無機粒子同士を接着させて結合させたり、固体格子内に閉じ込めたりすることができる。
LCMは、セラミック粉末を光重合性樹脂と予備混合し、LED又はレーザー光源を用いて重合により固化する方法である。上述の方法と同様に、未架橋粉末を除去してから、バインダー、すなわち光重合性樹脂の除去とその後の厳密な意味での焼結とを行う焼結熱サイクルに供する必要がある。
FDMは、無機粉末を添加してもよい熱溶融性固体有機ポリマーを用いた方法である。この方法は、糸又はテープからビードを連続的に堆積させようとするものである。上記ビードは、糸又はテープの端部を連続的(押出し)又は不連続的(滴下)に軟化又は溶融して形成される。上述の方法とは異なり、事前に床を形成することはない。層又はビードは熱により固化される。
この方法は、原理としては上述の方法と類似しており、無機粉末を含む光硬化性液状前駆体のような液体材料を使用する。光子ビーム(LED又はレーザー)によって液体層をスキャンし、局所的に重合させる。
Claims (13)
- 被処理流動媒体を濾過液と保持液とに分離するためのタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメントであって、
該分離エレメントは、被処理流動媒体を濾過する少なくとも1つの分離層で連続的に被覆されている壁と、被処理流動媒体の入口(6)と保持液の出口(7)とを有する複数の流路(3)を含む直線構造のモノリシック剛体多孔質支持体(2)を有しており、それにより上記支持体の外面(5)から濾過液を回収でき、
上記モノリシック剛体多孔質支持体(2)は、上記被処理流体の流れに対する障害物(9)を画定しており、
上記障害物は、上記流路の内壁(31)から延在しており、その材料及び多孔質組織が上記支持体と同一であり、その材料及び多孔質組織は上記支持体と連続しており、少なくとも1つの分離層により完全に被覆されており、上記障害物(9)は、以下の3つの基準、すなわち上記複数の流路(3)のそれぞれの横断面の面積、形状及び寸法の少なくとも1つに長手軸に沿って変化を生じさせ、少なくとも2つの上記流路に形成された上記障害物(9)は互いに異なっている
ことを特徴とするタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメント。 - 上記複数の流路(3)の内壁(31)上に形成された起伏部が、上記流路内を流体が流れる際に乱流を促進する障害物(9)として機能することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメント。
- 上記障害物(9)は、上記流体と接触して濾過を行うための表面であって、上記入口の方を向いて上記被処理流体の流れ方向に傾斜している表面を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメント。
- 上記多孔質支持体(2)は、有機又は無機材料で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメント。
- 多孔質支持体(2)と、上記流路(3)の内壁(31)上に連続的に堆積し且つ上記障害物を完全に被覆している少なくとも1層の分離層(4)とを有しており、それぞれが、酸化物、窒化物、炭化物及び他のセラミック材料並びにこれらの混合物、特に、チタン、アルミニウム及びジルコニウム酸化物並びにこれらの混合物、窒化チタン、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ホウ素及び炭化ケイ素から選択されるセラミックで構成されており、必要に応じて別のセラミック材料と混合されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメント。
- 上記支持体は平均孔径が4〜40μmの範囲であり、
上記平均孔径は、容積分布によるd50値であって、全細孔容積の50%が、このd50値より小さい孔径を有する細孔の容積と一致する値に相当し、
上記容積分布は、水銀圧入法、例えば規格番号ISO15901−1:2005に記載の方法によって得られることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメント。 - 上記多孔質支持体の外面(5)は一定の外形を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメント。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のタンジェンシャルフロー分離エレメントを製造する方法であって、
上記支持体の三次元構造は、形成した個々の層を積層し、順次互いに結合させて所望の三次元形状を徐々に構築することによって形成される、製造方法。 - 上記多孔質支持体を形成するための材料の連続床であって、上記層レベルでの上記多孔質支持体の断面より大きい面積にわたって厚さが一定である連続床を形成する工程;及び、
上記材料の一部を局所的に固化して層ごとに所定のパターンを形成して個々の層を作製すると同時に、このように形成した個々の層をその前の層と結合させる工程
を繰り返すことによって上記三次元構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。 - 有機又は無機粉末である固体材料の連続床を形成することを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の製造方法。
- 無機粉末が配置された光重合性液状前駆体である媒体の連続床を形成することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 各層は、熱溶融性固体前駆体の糸を連続的又は不連続的に溶融して形成され、
上記熱溶融性固体前駆体は、有機支持体及び有機層と共に単独で使用される熱溶融性有機ポリマーであるか、又は、無機性支持体と共に使用される熱溶融性有機ポリマーとセラミック無機粉末との混合物であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。 - 粉末を噴霧してレーザービームで溶融させて連続ビードを作製することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の製造方法。
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PCT/FR2015/051998 WO2016024056A1 (fr) | 2014-08-11 | 2015-07-21 | Nouvelles geometries d'elements tubulaires multicanaux de separation par flux tangentiel integrant des promoteurs de turbulences et procede de fabrication |
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PT3180109T (pt) | 2021-04-20 |
RU2692723C2 (ru) | 2019-06-26 |
FR3024664A1 (fr) | 2016-02-12 |
HUE054244T2 (hu) | 2021-08-30 |
DK3180109T3 (da) | 2021-05-17 |
RU2017107769A (ru) | 2018-09-13 |
FR3024664B1 (fr) | 2020-05-08 |
RU2017107769A3 (ja) | 2019-02-04 |
CN107155312A (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
EP3180109A1 (fr) | 2017-06-21 |
JP2017532187A (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
PL3180109T3 (pl) | 2021-07-12 |
CN107155312B (zh) | 2021-03-23 |
US20170232393A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
WO2016024056A1 (fr) | 2016-02-18 |
ES2860927T3 (es) | 2021-10-05 |
EP3180109B1 (fr) | 2021-02-24 |
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