JP6801861B2

JP6801861B2 - Ventilator

Info

Publication number: JP6801861B2
Application number: JP2016186838A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 欣也小野寺
Original assignee: Sahara KK
Current assignee: Sahara KK
Priority date: 2016-04-15
Filing date: 2016-09-26
Publication date: 2020-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 2036-09-26
Also published as: JP2017194260A

Description

本発明は、温度感応型アクチュエータを用いて自動換気を行なう換気装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a ventilation device that performs automatic ventilation using a temperature-sensitive actuator.

一般的な換気装置は、通気路を有する装置本体と、この装置本体に回動可能またはスライド可能に支持され通気路を開閉する作動部材と、上記作動部材を開閉操作する手動操作機構とを備えている。 A general ventilation device includes a device main body having a ventilation path, an operating member rotatably or slidably supported by the device main body to open and close the ventilation path, and a manual operation mechanism for opening and closing the operating member. ing.

上記のように手動で作動板を開閉操作する場合、適切な開閉制御がなされない場合もある。例えば、冬季に暖房している状況で通気路を開いたまま放置すると、屋外の冷気が入り込んだり室内の暖気が逃げたりするため、暖房効率が低くなりエネルギーの浪費を招く。また、夏季に室内を冷房している状況で通気路を開いたまま放置すると、屋外の熱気が入り込んだり室内の冷気が逃げたりするため、冷房効率が低くなりエネルギーの浪費を招く。そのため、気温に応じて自動開閉制御を行う換気装置の開発が求められている。 When the operating plate is manually opened and closed as described above, proper opening and closing control may not be performed. For example, if the air passage is left open during heating in winter, cold air from the outside may enter or warm air from the room may escape, resulting in low heating efficiency and waste of energy. In addition, if the air conditioner is left open in the summer when the room is cooled, the outdoor hot air may enter or the indoor cold air may escape, resulting in low cooling efficiency and waste of energy. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a ventilation device that automatically controls opening and closing according to the temperature.

特許文献１には、温度感応型アクチュエータを備えた換気装置が開示されている。この換気装置では、細長い装置本体に対して作動板（作動部材）を長手方向にスライドさせることにより、通気路を開閉する。作動板の一端と装置本体との間には形状記憶バネ（形状記憶合金製のバネ、以下同じ）が取り付けられ、作動板の他端と装置本体との間にはバイアスバネが取り付けられている。作動板はこれら２つのバネの引張り力に応じて位置調節され、換気通路を開閉するようになっている。低温時には形状記憶バネのバネ力が弱まるためリターンバネの力で作動板は閉じ位置へ移動する。高温時には形状記憶バネの弾性力が強まってリターンバネの力に打ち勝ち、作動板は開き位置へ移動する。
特許文献１の換気装置では、低温時に通気路が閉じられるため暖房効率を高めることができるが、高温時には通気路が開いたままのため冷房効率を高めることができない。 Patent Document 1 discloses a ventilation device including a temperature-sensitive actuator. In this ventilation device, the ventilation path is opened and closed by sliding the operating plate (acting member) in the longitudinal direction with respect to the elongated device main body. A shape memory spring (a spring made of shape memory alloy, the same applies hereinafter) is attached between one end of the working plate and the main body of the device, and a bias spring is attached between the other end of the working plate and the main body of the device. .. The operating plate is positioned according to the tensile force of these two springs to open and close the ventilation passage. At low temperatures, the spring force of the shape memory spring weakens, so the operating plate moves to the closed position due to the force of the return spring. At high temperatures, the elastic force of the shape memory spring strengthens to overcome the force of the return spring, and the operating plate moves to the open position.
In the ventilation device of Patent Document 1, the ventilation path is closed at a low temperature, so that the heating efficiency can be improved, but at a high temperature, the ventilation path remains open, so that the cooling efficiency cannot be improved.

特許文献２には、低温時と高温時に通気路を閉じることを意図した、温度感応型アクチュエータを備えた換気装置が開示されている。
特許文献２の図１〜図３に開示された第１実施形態では、装置本体にスライド可能に支持された１枚の作動板に、第１、第２の形状記憶合金バネと第１、第２のバイアスバネとを作用させている。第１形状記憶バネと第１バイアスバネは作動板を閉じ方向に付勢し、第２形状記憶バネと第２バイアスバネは作動板を開き方向に付勢する。第１形状記憶バネの変態温度は第２形状記憶バネより高い。 Patent Document 2 discloses a ventilation device including a temperature-sensitive actuator intended to close a ventilation path at low temperature and high temperature.
In the first embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 1 to 3 of Patent Document 2, the first and second shape memory alloy springs and the first and first actuating plates are mounted on one operating plate slidably supported by the apparatus main body. The bias spring of 2 is acting. The first shape memory spring and the first bias spring urge the operating plate in the closing direction, and the second shape memory spring and the second bias spring urge the operating plate in the opening direction. The transformation temperature of the first shape memory spring is higher than that of the second shape memory spring.

特許文献２の第１実施形態では、低温時には第１バイアスバネの力が第２形状記憶バネおよび第２バイアスバネに打ち勝ち、作動板が閉じ方向に移動する。常温時には第２形状記憶バネの変態温度を超えるため、第２形状記憶バネと第２バイアスバネの力が第１形状記憶バネおよび第１バイアスバネに打ち勝ち、作動板は開き方向に移動する。高温時には第１形状記憶バネの変態温度を超えるため、第１形状記憶バネと第１バイアスバネの力が第２形状記憶バネおよび第２バイアスバネに打ち勝ち、作動板が閉じ方向に移動する。 In the first embodiment of Patent Document 2, the force of the first bias spring overcomes the second shape memory spring and the second bias spring at a low temperature, and the operating plate moves in the closing direction. Since the transformation temperature of the second shape memory spring is exceeded at room temperature, the forces of the second shape memory spring and the second bias spring overcome the first shape memory spring and the first bias spring, and the operating plate moves in the opening direction. Since the transformation temperature of the first shape memory spring is exceeded at a high temperature, the forces of the first shape memory spring and the first bias spring overcome the second shape memory spring and the second bias spring, and the operating plate moves in the closing direction.

特許文献２の図４に示す第２実施形態では、第１、第２の２枚の作動板が重なった状態で装置本体にスライド可能に支持されている。第１作動板には、第１形状記憶バネが開き方向に第１バイアスバネが閉じ方向に作用している。第２作動板には第２形状記憶バネが閉じ方向に、第２バイアスバネが開き方向に作用している。 In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 of Patent Document 2, the first and second operating plates are slidably supported by the apparatus main body in a state of being overlapped with each other. On the first actuating plate, the first shape memory spring acts in the opening direction and the first bias spring acts in the closing direction. A second shape memory spring acts on the second operating plate in the closing direction, and a second bias spring acts in the opening direction.

特許文献２の第２実施形態では、低温時には、第１作動板が開き位置にあるものの、第２バイアスバネが第２形状記憶バネに打ち勝つために第２作動板が閉じ位置にあり、その結果、通気路は閉じられている。常温時には、第２形状記憶バネが第２バイアスバネに打ち勝つために第２作動板も開き位置にあり、その結果、通気路は開かれている。高温時には、第２作動板が開き位置にあるものの、第１形状記憶バネが第１バイアスバネに打ち勝つために第１作動板が閉じ位置にあり、その結果、通気路は閉じられている。 In the second embodiment of Patent Document 2, although the first actuating plate is in the open position at low temperature, the second actuating plate is in the closed position in order for the second bias spring to overcome the second shape memory spring, and as a result. , The vent is closed. At room temperature, the second actuating plate is also in the open position for the second shape memory spring to overcome the second bias spring, resulting in an open vent. At high temperatures, the second actuating plate is in the open position, but the first actuating plate is in the closed position for the first shape memory spring to overcome the first bias spring, resulting in the vent passage being closed.

ＷＯ２０１３／１１８２９１号公報WO2013 / 118291 実開昭６３−１８５０４４号公報Jikkai Sho 63-185044

特許文献２の第１実施形態の換気装置では、１つの作動板に４つのバネが作用するため、バネの調整が困難であり、実用化することができない。
また、特許文献２の第２実施形態の換気装置では、重ねられた２つの作動板を用いるため、実用化することが困難である。 In the ventilation device of the first embodiment of Patent Document 2, since four springs act on one operating plate, it is difficult to adjust the springs and it cannot be put into practical use.
Further, in the ventilation device of the second embodiment of Patent Document 2, since two overlapping operating plates are used, it is difficult to put them into practical use.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものであり、通気路を有する装置本体と、上記装置本体に支持され上記通気路を開閉する作動部材と、上記作動部材を温度に応じて自動的に開閉制御する温度感応型アクチュエータと、を備えた換気装置において、上記温度感応型アクチュエータは、
（ア）上記装置本体に設けられた支持構造と、
（イ）上記支持構造に対して特定座標軸に沿って移動可能な第１移動体と、
（ウ）上記第１移動体に対して上記特定座標軸に沿って移動可能な第２移動体と、
（エ）上記支持構造と上記第１移動体の間に配置され、上記第１移動体に、上記特定座標軸に沿う互いに反対方向の力を付与する第１形状記憶バネおよび第１バイアスバネと、
（オ）上記第１移動体と上記第２移動体との間に配置され、上記第２移動体に、上記特定座標軸の長手方向に沿う互いに反対方向の力を付与する第２形状記憶バネおよび第２バイアスバネと、
（カ）上記第２移動体を上記作動部材に連携し、上記第２移動体が上記特定座標軸に沿う第１方向に移動する際に上記作動部材を閉じ動作させ、上記第２移動体が上記第１方向とは逆の第２方向に移動する際に上記作動部材を開き動作させる連携手段と、
（キ）上記第１移動体の上記支持構造に対する上記第２方向への移動を規制する第１規制手段と、
（ク）上記第２移動体の上記第１移動体に対する上記第２方向への移動を規制する第２規制手段と、
を備え、
上記第１、第２形状記憶バネのうちの一方が、これに対応する上記第１、第２移動体のうちの一方の移動体を上記第１方向に付勢し、上記第１、第２形状記憶バネのうちの他方が、これに対応する上記第１、第２移動体のうちの他方の移動体を上記第２方向に付勢しており、上記一方の形状記憶バネの変態温度が、上記他方の形状記憶バネより高く設定されていることを特徴とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the device main body having a ventilation path, the operating member supported by the device main body to open and close the ventilation path, and the operating member are automatically operated according to the temperature. In a ventilation device provided with a temperature-sensitive actuator that controls opening and closing in a specific manner, the temperature-sensitive actuator is
(A) The support structure provided in the main body of the device and
(B) A first moving body that can move along a specific coordinate axis with respect to the support structure,
(C) A second moving body that can move along the specific coordinate axis with respect to the first moving body,
(D) A first shape memory spring and a first bias spring, which are arranged between the support structure and the first moving body and apply a force to the first moving body in opposite directions along the specific coordinate axes.
(E) A second shape memory spring that is arranged between the first moving body and the second moving body and applies a force to the second moving body in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction of the specific coordinate axis. With the second bias spring
(F) The second moving body is linked to the operating member, and when the second moving body moves in the first direction along the specific coordinate axis, the operating member is closed and the second moving body operates. A coordinating means for opening and operating the operating member when moving in the second direction opposite to the first direction,
(G) A first regulatory means for regulating the movement of the first moving body with respect to the support structure in the second direction, and
(H) A second regulatory means for regulating the movement of the second moving body with respect to the first moving body in the second direction, and
With
One of the first and second shape memory springs urges one of the corresponding first and second moving bodies in the first direction, and the first and second moving bodies correspond to the first and second shape memory springs. The other of the shape memory springs urges the other moving body of the corresponding first and second moving bodies in the second direction, and the transformation temperature of the one shape memory spring is set. It is characterized in that it is set higher than the other shape memory spring.

上記構成によれば、変態温度の異なる２種類の形状記憶バネとこれら形状記憶バネにそれぞれ対向するバイアスバネを用いることにより、低温領域と高温領域で作動部材を閉じ位置にし、常温領域で開き位置にすることができるので、高い暖房効率と高い冷房効率の両方を確保することができる。
しかも、第１、第２移動体が第２方向の移動を規制されるので、第１、第２移動体の閉じ動作の際に、バネ力の干渉や相殺が生じず、確実に開閉制御を行うことができる。 According to the above configuration, by using two types of shape memory springs having different transformation temperatures and bias springs facing these shape memory springs, the operating member is closed in the low temperature region and the high temperature region, and the operating member is opened in the normal temperature region. Therefore, both high heating efficiency and high cooling efficiency can be ensured.
Moreover, since the movement of the first and second moving bodies is restricted in the second direction, the opening and closing control is surely performed without the interference or cancellation of the spring force during the closing operation of the first and second moving bodies. It can be carried out.

好ましくは、さらに、上記第１移動体の上記支持構造に対する上記第１方向への移動を規制する第３規制手段と、上記第２移動体の上記第１移動体に対する上記第１方向への移動を規制する第４規制手段、を備えている。
上記構成によれば、第１、第２移動体の移動ストロークを確定することができる。 Preferably, a third regulating means for restricting the movement of the first moving body with respect to the supporting structure in the first direction and the movement of the second moving body with respect to the first moving body in the first direction are preferable. It is equipped with a fourth regulatory means, which regulates.
According to the above configuration, the movement strokes of the first and second moving bodies can be determined.

本発明の他の態様は、通気路を有する装置本体と、上記装置本体に支持され上記通気路を開閉する作動部材と、上記作動部材を温度に応じて自動的に開閉制御する温度感応型アクチュエータと、を備えた換気装置において、上記温度感応型アクチュエータは、第１アクチュエータ部と第２アクチュエータ部とを備え、上記第１アクチュエータ部は、第１アクチュエータ本体と、この第１アクチュエータ本体に特定座標軸に沿ってスライド可能に支持された第１スライダと、この第１スライダに上記特定座標軸に沿う互いに反対方向の力を付与する第１形状記憶バネと第１バイアスバネとを有し、上記第２のアクチュエータ部は、第２アクチュエータ本体と、この第２アクチュエータ本体に上記特定座標軸に沿ってスライド可能に支持された第２スライダと、この第２スライダに上記特定座標軸に沿う互いに反対方向の力を付与する第２形状記憶バネと第２バイアスバネとを有し、上記第１アクチュエータ本体が上記装置本体に固定され、上記第１スライダに上記第２アクチュエータ本体が固定され、上記第２スライダが連携手段を介して上記作動部材と連携しており、
上記第２スライダが上記特定座標軸に沿う第１方向に移動する際に、上記作動部材を閉じ動作させ、上記第２スライダが上記第１方向とは逆の第２方向に移動する際に、上記作動部材を開き動作させるようになっており、上記第１、第２形状記憶バネのうちの一方が、これに対応する上記第１、第２スライダのうちの一方のスライダを上記第１方向に付勢し、上記第１、第２形状記憶バネのうちの他方が、これに対応する上記第１、第２スライダのうちの他方のスライダを上記第２方向に付勢しており、上記一方の形状記憶バネの変態温度が、上記他方の形状記憶バネより高く設定されており、さらに、上記第１アクチュエータ部は、上記第１スライダの上記第２方向への移動を規制する第１規制手段を有し、上記第２アクチュエータ部は、上記第２スライダの上記第２方向への移動を規制する第２規制手段を有することを特徴とする。 Another aspect of the present invention is a device main body having a ventilation path, an operating member supported by the device main body to open and close the ventilation path, and a temperature-sensitive actuator that automatically opens and closes the operating member according to the temperature. The temperature-sensitive actuator includes a first actuator portion and a second actuator portion, and the first actuator portion includes a first actuator main body and a specific coordinate axis on the first actuator main body. It has a first slider slidably supported along the above, a first shape memory spring and a first bias spring that apply a force to the first slider in opposite directions along the specific coordinate axis, and the second bias spring. The actuator unit of the above is the second actuator main body, the second slider slidably supported by the second actuator main body along the specific coordinate axis, and the second slider exerting forces in opposite directions along the specific coordinate axis. It has a second shape memory spring and a second bias spring to be applied, the first actuator main body is fixed to the device main body, the second actuator main body is fixed to the first slider, and the second slider is linked. It is linked with the above actuator via means,
When the second slider moves in the first direction along the specific coordinate axis, the operating member is closed, and when the second slider moves in the second direction opposite to the first direction, the operation member is closed. The actuating member is opened and operated, and one of the first and second shape memory springs causes one of the corresponding first and second sliders to move in the first direction. The other of the first and second shape memory springs is urged, and the other slider of the corresponding first and second sliders is urged in the second direction. The transformation temperature of the shape memory spring is set higher than that of the other shape memory spring, and the first actuator unit is the first regulating means for restricting the movement of the first slider in the second direction. The second actuator unit has a second regulating means for restricting the movement of the second slider in the second direction.

上記構成によれば、変態温度の異なる２種類の形状記憶バネとこれら形状記憶バネにそれぞれ対向するバイアスバネを用いることにより、低温領域と高温領域で作動部材を閉じ位置にし、常温領域で開き位置にすることができるので、高い暖房効率と高い冷房効率の両方を確保することができる。
しかも、２組の対をなす形状記憶バネとバイアスバネが、第１アクチュエータ部と第２アクチュエータ部のスライダをそれぞれ制御し、各スライダが第２方向の移動を規制されるため、第１、第２のアクチュエータ部間でバネ力の干渉や相殺が生じず、確実に上記開閉制御を行うことができる。 According to the above configuration, by using two types of shape memory springs having different transformation temperatures and bias springs facing these shape memory springs, the operating member is closed in the low temperature region and the high temperature region, and the operating member is opened in the normal temperature region. Therefore, both high heating efficiency and high cooling efficiency can be ensured.
Moreover, the two pairs of shape memory springs and bias springs control the sliders of the first actuator section and the second actuator section, respectively, and each slider is restricted from moving in the second direction. The opening / closing control can be reliably performed without interference or cancellation of spring force between the actuator portions of 2.

好ましくは、さらに、上記第１、第２アクチュエータ部は、上記第１、第２スライダの上記第１方向への移動を規制する第３、第４の規制手段をそれぞれ有する。
上記構成によれば、第１、第２スライダの第１、第２方向への移動が規制され、これら第１、第２スライダの移動ストロークを確定することができる。 Preferably, the first and second actuator units further have third and fourth regulating means for regulating the movement of the first and second sliders in the first direction, respectively.
According to the above configuration, the movement of the first and second sliders in the first and second directions is restricted, and the movement strokes of the first and second sliders can be determined.

好ましくは、上記第１、第２アクチュエータ本体が上記特定座標軸方向に対峙する一対の端壁を有し、上記第１、第２スライダが上記座標軸に沿って延びるロッド形状をなして上記第１、第２アクチュエータ本体の上記一対の端壁にスライド可能に挿通され、上記第１、第２スライダには上記一対の端壁にそれぞれ当たる一対のストッパを有しており、上記第１アクチュエータ本体の一対の端壁と上記第１スライダの一対のストッパが、上記第１、第３の規制手段として提供され、上記第２アクチュエータ本体の一対の端壁と上記第２スライダの一対のストッパが、上記第２、第４の規制手段として提供される。
上記構成によれば、第１、第２アクチュエータ本体の端壁に第１、第２スライダのストッパが当たることにより、これら第１、第２スライダの移動規制を確実に行なうことができる。 Preferably, the first and second actuator bodies have a pair of end walls facing each other in the specific coordinate axis direction, and the first and second sliders form a rod shape extending along the coordinate axes. The first and second sliders are slidably inserted into the pair of end walls of the second actuator body, and the first and second sliders have a pair of stoppers that hit the pair of end walls, respectively, and the pair of the first actuator bodies. The pair of stoppers of the end wall and the first slider are provided as the first and third regulating means, and the pair of end walls of the second actuator body and the pair of stoppers of the second slider are the first. It is provided as a second and fourth regulatory measure.
According to the above configuration, by hitting the stoppers of the first and second sliders on the end walls of the first and second actuator main bodies, the movement of the first and second sliders can be reliably regulated.

好ましくは、上記第１、第２スライダは、上記一対の端壁を挿通するスライド部と、このスライド部に隣接するスライド部と断面形状が異なる両端部とを有し、この両端部が上記ストッパとして提供される。
上記構成によれば、ストッパを簡単に形成することができる。 Preferably, the first and second sliders have a slide portion through which the pair of end walls are inserted, and both end portions having a cross-sectional shape different from that of the slide portion adjacent to the slide portion, and both end portions are stoppers. Provided as.
According to the above configuration, the stopper can be easily formed.

好ましくは、上記第１、第２アクチュエータ本体が内部空間を有するとともに上記特定座標軸に沿って細長いケースからなり、上記第１、第２形状記憶バネおよび上記第１、第２バイアスバネが上記特定座標軸に沿って延びるとともに上記ケース内に収容されたコイルバネにより構成されている。
上記構成によれば、温度感応型アクチュエータを小型化することができる。 Preferably, the first and second actuator main bodies have an internal space and are formed of an elongated case along the specific coordinate axes, and the first and second shape memory springs and the first and second bias springs have the specific coordinate axes. It is composed of a coil spring that extends along the above case and is housed in the case.
According to the above configuration, the temperature-sensitive actuator can be miniaturized.

さらに好ましくは、上記第１、第２形状記憶バネおよび上記第１、第２バイアスバネが圧縮コイルバネからなり、上記第１、第２スライダに筒形状をなす第１、第２バネ受けがそれぞれ固定されており、上記第１形状記憶バネと上記第１バイアスバネの一方が、上記第１バネ受けの内側に配置され、他方が上記第１バネ受けの外側に配置され、
上記第２形状記憶バネと上記第２バイアスバネの一方が、上記第２バネ受けの内側に配置され、他方が上記第２バネ受けの外側に配置されている。
上記構成によれば、温度感応型アクチュエータをより一層小型化することができる。 More preferably, the first and second shape memory springs and the first and second bias springs are made of compression coil springs, and the first and second spring receivers having a tubular shape are fixed to the first and second sliders, respectively. One of the first shape memory spring and the first bias spring is arranged inside the first spring receiver, and the other is arranged outside the first spring receiver.
One of the second shape memory spring and the second bias spring is arranged inside the second spring receiver, and the other is arranged outside the second spring receiver.
According to the above configuration, the temperature-sensitive actuator can be further miniaturized.

好ましくは、上記作動部材が上記装置本体に回転可能に支持された回転羽根として提供され、上記連携手段は上記第２スライダの直線運動を上記回転羽根の回転運動に変換する。 Preferably, the actuating member is provided as a rotary vane rotatably supported by the device body, and the coordinating means converts the linear motion of the second slider into a rotary motion of the rotary vane.

本発明によれば、低温時と高温時に通気路を閉じるので、暖房効率、冷房効率を高めることができる。しかも、バネ調整が容易で、実用化が可能である。 According to the present invention, since the ventilation path is closed at low temperature and high temperature, heating efficiency and cooling efficiency can be improved. Moreover, the spring adjustment is easy and it can be put into practical use.

本発明の第１実施形態に係る換気装置を組み込んだ換気システムの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the ventilation system which incorporated the ventilation system which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 図１における換気装置の拡大断面図であり、（Ａ）は回転羽根が全開位置にある状態を示し、（Ｂ）は回転羽根が全閉位置にある状態を示す。It is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the ventilation system in FIG. 1, (A) shows the state which a rotary vane is in a fully open position, and (B) shows the state which a rotary vane is in a fully closed position. （Ａ）は上記換気装置の温度感応型アクチュエータの低温時の状態を示す平断面図であり、（Ｂ）は図３（Ａ）中Ｂ−Ｂ矢視断面図である。(A) is a plan sectional view showing a state of the temperature-sensitive actuator of the ventilation device at a low temperature, and (B) is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3 (A). （Ａ）は上記温度感応型アクチュエータの常温時の状態を示す平断面図であり、（Ｂ）は図４（Ａ）中Ｂ−Ｂ矢視断面図である。(A) is a plan sectional view showing a state of the temperature sensitive actuator at room temperature, and (B) is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4 (A). （Ａ）は上記温度感応型アクチュエータの高温時の状態を示す平断面図であり、（Ｂ）は図５（Ａ）中Ｂ−Ｂ矢視断面図である。(A) is a plan sectional view showing a state of the temperature sensitive actuator at a high temperature, and (B) is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 5 (A). 上記温度感応型アクチュエータで用いられる第１、第２の形状記憶バネの温度特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the temperature characteristic of the 1st and 2nd shape memory spring used in the said temperature sensitive actuator. 本発明の第２実施形態に係る換気装置の温度感応型アクチュエータの平断面図であり、（Ａ）は低温時の状態、（Ｂ）は常温時の状態、（Ｃ）は高温時の状態をそれぞれ示す。It is a plan sectional view of the temperature sensitive actuator of the ventilation device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention, (A) is a state at a low temperature, (B) is a state at a normal temperature, (C) is a state at a high temperature. Each is shown. 本発明の第３実施形態に係る換気装置の要部断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the main part of the ventilation apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第４実施形態に係る換気装置の要部断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the main part of the ventilation apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention.

以下、本発明の第１実施形態の換気装置を、図１〜図６を参照しながら説明する。図１に示すように、本実施形態の換気装置１はビルの壁面近傍に設置されるものである。簡単に説明すると、ビルには、上階のガラス板２ａを支持する支持枠３ａと、下階のガラス板２ｂを支持する支持枠３ｂとが設けられている。支持枠３ａ，３ｂ間に空気取り入れ口４が形成されている。 Hereinafter, the ventilation device of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. As shown in FIG. 1, the ventilation device 1 of the present embodiment is installed near the wall surface of the building. Briefly, the building is provided with a support frame 3a for supporting the glass plate 2a on the upper floor and a support frame 3b for supporting the glass plate 2b on the lower floor. An air intake port 4 is formed between the support frames 3a and 3b.

上側の支持枠３ａに連結された支持枠５と、下側の支持枠３ｂに連結された断面Ｌ字形の支持枠６との間に、換気通路７が形成されている。支持枠５と支持枠６の上縁部との間に上記換気装置１が設置されている。さらに換気装置１の上方において上記支持枠６の上縁には、蓋部材８が回動可能に支持されている。上記蓋部材８を開いた状態で、上記空気取り入れ口４から換気通路７、上記換気装置１を経て空気が室内に入るようになっている。蓋部材８が支持枠５に架け渡された閉じ状態では、換気が禁じられる。
上記換気装置１，支持枠３ａ，３ｂ，５，６および蓋部材８は、水平方向に、すなわち図１の紙面と直交する方向に長く延びている。 A ventilation passage 7 is formed between the support frame 5 connected to the upper support frame 3a and the support frame 6 having an L-shaped cross section connected to the lower support frame 3b. The ventilation device 1 is installed between the support frame 5 and the upper edge of the support frame 6. Further, above the ventilation device 1, a lid member 8 is rotatably supported on the upper edge of the support frame 6. With the lid member 8 open, air enters the room from the air intake port 4 through the ventilation passage 7 and the ventilation device 1. Ventilation is prohibited in the closed state in which the lid member 8 is bridged over the support frame 5.
The ventilation device 1, support frames 3a, 3b, 5, 6 and the lid member 8 extend horizontally, that is, in a direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG.

図２、図３に示すように、換気装置１は、細長い枠形状の装置本体１０を備えている。この装置本体１０は、垂直をなして室内外方向に対峙する一対の細長い側板１１と、側板１１の一端近傍間に配置された垂直をなす端壁１２と、側板１１の他端間に配置された垂直をなす端壁（図示しない）とを有しており、これら一対の側板１１と、一方の端壁１２と、図示しない他方の端壁により、上下端が開放された通気路１３が形成されている。 As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ventilation device 1 includes an elongated frame-shaped device body 10. The apparatus main body 10 is arranged between a pair of elongated side plates 11 which are vertically opposed to each other in the indoor and outdoor directions, a vertical end wall 12 which is arranged near one end of the side plate 11, and the other end of the side plate 11. It has vertical end walls (not shown), and the pair of side plates 11, one end wall 12, and the other end wall (not shown) form a ventilation path 13 whose upper and lower ends are open. Has been done.

通気路１３内には、換気装置１の長手方向に水平に延びる細長い３枚（複数）の回転羽根２０（作動部材）が、互いに平行をなしビルの室内外方向に間隔をおいて配置されている。 In the ventilation passage 13, three elongated (plural) rotary blades 20 (acting members) extending horizontally in the longitudinal direction of the ventilation device 1 are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other in the indoor and outdoor directions of the building. There is.

回転羽根２０は、その長手方向に沿って延びる回転軸線Ｌ（図３参照）を中心に回転可能である。図２（Ａ）に示すように、３枚の回転羽根２０が垂直姿勢にある時、換気装置１の通気路１３は最大限に開く（全開）。また、図２（Ｂ）に示すように、３枚の回転羽根２０が水平姿勢にある時、換気装置１の通気路１３は略完全に閉じられる（全閉）。 The rotary blade 20 is rotatable about a rotation axis L (see FIG. 3) extending along its longitudinal direction. As shown in FIG. 2A, when the three rotary blades 20 are in the vertical posture, the ventilation passage 13 of the ventilation device 1 is opened to the maximum (fully open). Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, when the three rotary blades 20 are in the horizontal posture, the ventilation passage 13 of the ventilation device 1 is substantially completely closed (fully closed).

回転羽根２０の支持構造について説明する。各回転羽根２０の一端は、ピース２１を介して端壁１２に回転可能に支持されている。このピース２１は、端壁１２の通気路１３側の面に当接される鍔部２１ａと、この鍔部２１ａから端壁１２に向かって突出する円筒形状の軸部２１ｂと、鍔部２１ａから端壁１２と反対方向に突出する異形断面の挿入部２１ｃとを有している。ピース２１の挿入部２１ｃが回転羽根２０に差し込まれ、軸部２１ｂが端壁１２に形成された軸受穴１２ａに差し込まれることにより、回転羽根２０の一端が端壁１２に回転可能に支持されている。
回転羽根２０の他端も同様にピースを介して図示しない端壁に回転可能に支持されている。 The support structure of the rotary blade 20 will be described. One end of each rotary blade 20 is rotatably supported by the end wall 12 via the piece 21. The piece 21 is formed from a flange portion 21a that comes into contact with the surface of the end wall 12 on the ventilation path 13 side, a cylindrical shaft portion 21b that protrudes from the collar portion 21a toward the end wall 12, and a flange portion 21a. It has an insertion portion 21c having a deformed cross section that protrudes in the direction opposite to the end wall 12. The insertion portion 21c of the piece 21 is inserted into the rotary blade 20, and the shaft portion 21b is inserted into the bearing hole 12a formed in the end wall 12, so that one end of the rotary blade 20 is rotatably supported by the end wall 12. There is.
Similarly, the other end of the rotary blade 20 is rotatably supported by an end wall (not shown) via a piece.

図３（Ａ），（Ｂ）に示すように、回転羽根２０を温度に応じて自動開閉する温度感応型アクチュエータＡが、装置本体１０の一端部において、上記端壁１２に隣接して配置されている。温度感応型アクチュエータＡは、装置本体１０の端壁１２と、一対の側板１１の一端間に配置され端壁１２から離間するとともに平行をなす補助壁１５と、底板１６と天板１７により囲われた空間に収容されている。 As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a temperature-sensitive actuator A that automatically opens and closes the rotary blade 20 according to the temperature is arranged adjacent to the end wall 12 at one end of the apparatus main body 10. ing. The temperature-sensitive actuator A is surrounded by an auxiliary wall 15 arranged between one end of the device main body 10 and one end of a pair of side plates 11 and separated from and parallel to the end wall 12, and a bottom plate 16 and a top plate 17. It is housed in a space.

温度感応型アクチュエータＡは、第１アクチュエータ部３０と第２アクチュエータ部４０とを備えている。これらアクチュエータ部３０，４０はそれぞれ、室内外方向に水平に延びる座標軸Ｘ（特定座標軸）に沿って細長いケース３１，４１（第１、第２アクチュエータ本体）と、ケース３１，４１に座標軸Ｘに沿ってスライド可能に支持されたロッド形状のスライダ３２，４２（第１、第２スライダ）と、このスライダ３２，４２に座標軸Ｘに沿う互いに反対方向の力を付与する形状記憶バネ３３，４３（第１、第２形状記憶バネ）とバイアスバネ３４，４４（第１、第２バイアスバネ）とを備えている。上記４つのバネ３３，３４，４３，４４は圧縮コイルバネからなる。 The temperature-sensitive actuator A includes a first actuator unit 30 and a second actuator unit 40. These actuator units 30 and 40 are elongated cases 31 and 41 (first and second actuator bodies) along the coordinate axes X (specific coordinate axes) extending horizontally in the indoor and outdoor directions, respectively, and the cases 31 and 41 along the coordinate axes X. Rod-shaped sliders 32, 42 (first and second sliders) that are slidably supported, and shape memory springs 33, 43 (third) that apply forces to the sliders 32, 42 in opposite directions along the coordinate axis X. 1. The second shape memory spring) and the bias springs 34 and 44 (first and second bias springs) are provided. The four springs 33, 34, 43, 44 are composed of compression coil springs.

上記第１アクチュエータ部３０について詳述する。ケース３１（第１アクチュエータ本体；支持構造）は装置本体１０の例えば底板１６に固定されている。スライダ３２（第１スライダ）は、ケース３１と同軸をなしてケース３１にスライド可能に支持されている。ケース３１の両端壁３１ａ、３１ｂには十字形（非円形）のガイド穴３１ｃが形成されている。スライダ３２の両端部３２ａ，３２ｂ（ストッパ）は横断面円形をなし、その中間部は横断面十字形（非円形）のスライド部３２ｃとなっている。スライド部３２ｃが上記ガイド穴３１ｃに挿通されることにより、スライダ３２の回転が禁じられている。 The first actuator unit 30 will be described in detail. The case 31 (first actuator body; support structure) is fixed to, for example, the bottom plate 16 of the device body 10. The slider 32 (first slider) is coaxially supported with the case 31 and slidably supported by the case 31. Cross-shaped (non-circular) guide holes 31c are formed on both end walls 31a and 31b of the case 31. Both end portions 32a and 32b (stoppers) of the slider 32 have a circular cross section, and the intermediate portion thereof is a slide portion 32c having a cross cross section (non-circular). The slider 32 is prohibited from rotating by inserting the slide portion 32c into the guide hole 31c.

ケース３１内においてスライダ３２には筒形状のバネ受け３５（第１バネ受け）が固定されている。このバネ受け３５は、径方向内方向に延びる基端側鍔部３５ａと径方向外方向に延びる先端側鍔部３５ｂとを有し、基端側鍔部３５ａがスライダ３２に固定されている。バイアスバネ３４（第１バイアスバネ）は、その両端がバネ受け３５の基端側鍔部３５ａとケース３１の端壁３１ａに当たった状態で、スライダ３２とバネ受け３５との間に配置されている。形状記憶バネ３３（第１形状記憶バネ）は、その両端がバネ受け３５の先端側鍔部３５ｂとケース３１の端壁３１ｂに当たった状態で、バネ受け３５の径方向外側に配置されている。 A tubular spring receiver 35 (first spring receiver) is fixed to the slider 32 in the case 31. The spring receiver 35 has a proximal end side flange portion 35a extending in the radial inward direction and a distal end side flange portion 35b extending in the radial outward direction, and the proximal end side flange portion 35a is fixed to the slider 32. The bias spring 34 (first bias spring) is arranged between the slider 32 and the spring receiver 35 with both ends in contact with the base end side flange portion 35a of the spring receiver 35 and the end wall 31a of the case 31. There is. The shape memory spring 33 (first shape memory spring) is arranged on the outer side in the radial direction of the spring receiver 35 with both ends in contact with the tip end side flange portion 35b of the spring receiver 35 and the end wall 31b of the case 31. ..

上記形状記憶バネ３３は、バネ受け３５を介してスライダ３２を座標軸Ｘに沿う第１方向Ｘａ（本実施形態では室外方向）に付勢し、バイアスバネ３４はスライダ３２を座標軸Ｘに沿う第２方向Ｘｂ（第１方向Ｘａとは反対方向、本実施形態では室内方向）に付勢している。座標軸Ｘは、回転羽根２０の回転軸線Ｌと直交している。 The shape memory spring 33 urges the slider 32 in the first direction Xa (outdoor direction in the present embodiment) along the coordinate axis X via the spring receiver 35, and the bias spring 34 forces the slider 32 along the coordinate axis X. It is urged in the direction Xb (the direction opposite to the first direction Xa, in the present embodiment, the indoor direction). The coordinate axis X is orthogonal to the rotation axis L of the rotation blade 20.

次に、第２アクチュエータ部４０について詳述する。第２アクチュエータ部４０の基本構造は第１アクチュエータ部３０と同様であるので、異なる点を中心に説明する。ケース４１（第２アクチュエータ本体）はケース３１と平行をなし、上記第１アクチュエータ部３０のスライダ３２の端部３２ａにＬ字形のブラケット５０を介して固定されている。ケース４１と、ブラケット５０と、スライダ３２は、ケース３１（支持構造）に支持され、ケースに対して座標軸Ｘに沿って一緒に移動するようになっており、第１移動体Ｍ１を構成している。 Next, the second actuator unit 40 will be described in detail. Since the basic structure of the second actuator unit 40 is the same as that of the first actuator unit 30, the differences will be mainly described. The case 41 (second actuator main body) is parallel to the case 31, and is fixed to the end 32a of the slider 32 of the first actuator portion 30 via an L-shaped bracket 50. The case 41, the bracket 50, and the slider 32 are supported by the case 31 (support structure) and move together with respect to the case along the coordinate axis X, forming the first moving body M1. There is.

スライダ４２（第２スライダ）は、横断面円形の両端部４２ａ，４２ｂ（ストッパ）と、ケース４１の両端壁４１ａ，４１ｂに形成された十字形のガイド穴４１ｃに挿通される横断面十字形のスライド部４２ｃとを有している。スライダ４２にはバネ受け４５が、第１アクチュエータ部３０のバネ受け３５とは逆向きをなして固定されている。
スライダ４２は、ケース４１に対して、ひいては第１移動体Ｍ１に対してスライド可能な第２移動体Ｍ２として提供される。 The slider 42 (second slider) has a cross-shaped cross section that is inserted into both end portions 42a and 42b (stoppers) having a circular cross section and cross-shaped guide holes 41c formed in both end walls 41a and 41b of the case 41. It has a slide portion 42c. A spring receiver 45 is fixed to the slider 42 in the opposite direction to the spring receiver 35 of the first actuator portion 30.
The slider 42 is provided with respect to the case 41 and thus as a second moving body M2 slidable with respect to the first moving body M1.

バイアスバネ４４（第２バイアスバネ）は、その両端がバネ受け４５の基端側鍔部４５ａとケース４１の端壁４１ｂに当たった状態で、スライダ４２とバネ受け４５の間に配置されている。形状記憶バネ４３（第２形状記憶バネ）は、その両端がバネ受け４５の先端側鍔部４５ｂとケース４１の端壁４１ａに当たった状態で、バネ受け４５の径方向外側に配置されている。 The bias spring 44 (second bias spring) is arranged between the slider 42 and the spring receiver 45 in a state where both ends of the bias spring 44 are in contact with the base end side flange portion 45a of the spring receiver 45 and the end wall 41b of the case 41. .. The shape memory spring 43 (second shape memory spring) is arranged on the outer side in the radial direction of the spring receiver 45 in a state where both ends of the spring receiver 45 are in contact with the distal end side flange portion 45b of the spring receiver 45 and the end wall 41a of the case 41. ..

上記形状記憶バネ４３は、スライダ４２を第２方向Ｘｂに付勢し、バイアスバネ４４はスライダ４２を第１方向Ｘａに付勢している。第１アクチュエータ３０の形状記憶バネ３３と第２アクチュエータ４０の形状記憶バネ４３は、付勢方向が逆である。 The shape memory spring 43 urges the slider 42 in the second direction Xb, and the bias spring 44 urges the slider 42 in the first direction Xa. The shape memory spring 33 of the first actuator 30 and the shape memory spring 43 of the second actuator 40 have opposite urging directions.

図６に示すように、形状記憶バネ３３と形状記憶バネ４３の温度―バネ定数の特性は、同様の曲線を描くが、形状記憶バネ３３の変態温度は形状記憶バネ４３より高温側にシフトしている。詳しくは後述する。 As shown in FIG. 6, the temperature-spring constant characteristics of the shape memory spring 33 and the shape memory spring 43 draw a similar curve, but the transformation temperature of the shape memory spring 33 shifts to a higher temperature side than the shape memory spring 43. ing. Details will be described later.

上記第２アクチュエータ部４０のスライダ４２は、連携機構６０（連携手段）を介して回転羽根２０に連携されている。この連携機構６０は、スライダ４２の座標軸Ｘに沿う直線運動を、回転羽根２０の回転運動に変換するようになっている。以下、この連携機構６０について詳述する。 The slider 42 of the second actuator unit 40 is linked to the rotary blade 20 via a linking mechanism 60 (coordinating means). The cooperation mechanism 60 is adapted to convert the linear motion along the coordinate axis X of the slider 42 into the rotational motion of the rotary blade 20. Hereinafter, the cooperation mechanism 60 will be described in detail.

図２に示すように、上記ピース２１には、鍔部２１ａから鍔部２１ａと一体をなして径方向外方向に張り出す張出部６１が形成されており、この張出部６１には、別体または一体をなすピン６２が設けられている。このピン６２は、回転羽根２０の回転軸線Ｌから離れている。
端壁１２には、回転羽根２０の回転軸線を中心とする円弧穴６３が形成されている。上記ピン６２はこの円弧穴６３を挿通し、温度感応型アクチュエータＡに向かって端壁１２から突出している。 As shown in FIG. 2, the piece 21 is formed with an overhanging portion 61 that is integrated with the flange portion 21a and projects outward in the radial direction, and the overhanging portion 61 is formed with an overhanging portion 61. A separate or integrated pin 62 is provided. The pin 62 is separated from the rotation axis L of the rotary blade 20.
An arc hole 63 centered on the rotation axis of the rotary blade 20 is formed in the end wall 12. The pin 62 inserts the arc hole 63 and protrudes from the end wall 12 toward the temperature-sensitive actuator A.

他方、スライダ４２の端部４２ｂには、Ｌ字形のブラケット６５が固定されている。このブラケット６５は、端壁１２に近接し端壁１２と平行に座標軸Ｘに沿って延びる板部６５ａを有している。この板部６５ａには、各回転羽根２０に対応して長穴６５ｘが形成されている。この長穴６５ｘは垂直方向、すなわち座標軸Ｘと直交する方向に延びている。このスリット６５ｘに上記ピン６２が挿通されている。 On the other hand, an L-shaped bracket 65 is fixed to the end portion 42b of the slider 42. The bracket 65 has a plate portion 65a that is close to the end wall 12 and extends along the coordinate axis X in parallel with the end wall 12. An elongated hole 65x is formed in the plate portion 65a corresponding to each rotary blade 20. The elongated hole 65x extends in the vertical direction, that is, in the direction orthogonal to the coordinate axis X. The pin 62 is inserted through the slit 65x.

上記連携機構６０において、図３（Ａ）、図５（Ａ）に示すように、スライダ４２およびブラケット６５が装置本体１０に対して第１方向Ｘａ側の第１位置にある時、ピン６２は図３（Ｂ）、図５（Ｂ）に示すように円弧穴６３の一端部６３ａに位置しており、回転羽根２０は図２（Ｂ）に示すように全閉位置にある。
図４（Ａ）に示すように、スライダ４２およびブラケット６５が装置本体１０に対して第２方向Ｘｂ側の第２位置にある時、ピン６２は図４（Ｂ）に示すように円弧穴６３の他端部６３ｂに位置しており、回転羽根２０は図２（Ａ）に示すように全開位置にある。 In the cooperation mechanism 60, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 5A, when the slider 42 and the bracket 65 are in the first position on the Xa side in the first direction with respect to the apparatus main body 10, the pin 62 is As shown in FIGS. 3B and 5B, the rotary vane 20 is located at one end 63a of the arc hole 63, and the rotary vane 20 is in a fully closed position as shown in FIG. 2B.
As shown in FIG. 4 (A), when the slider 42 and the bracket 65 are in the second position on the second direction Xb side with respect to the apparatus main body 10, the pin 62 is the arc hole 63 as shown in FIG. 4 (B). The rotary vane 20 is located at the other end 63b of the above, and the rotary blade 20 is in the fully open position as shown in FIG. 2 (A).

スライダ４２が座標軸Ｘに沿って移動すると、ブラケット６５が追随し、長穴６５ｘに挿入されたピン６２が同方向に移動する。この際、ピン６２は回転軸線Ｌを中心として円弧穴６３に沿って円弧を描くとともに長穴６５ｘ内をスライドする。この過程で、回転羽根２０が回転する。 When the slider 42 moves along the coordinate axis X, the bracket 65 follows and the pin 62 inserted in the slot 65x moves in the same direction. At this time, the pin 62 draws an arc along the arc hole 63 about the rotation axis L and slides in the elongated hole 65x. In this process, the rotary blade 20 rotates.

図３（Ｂ）に示すように、ブラケット６５の板部６５ａには、その幅方向の側縁すなわち上下の側縁に凸部６５ｙが形成されており、この凸部６５ｙが、底板１６と天板１７に形成された案内スリット１６ａ，１７ａに入り込んでいる。これにより、ブラケット６５を安定した姿勢で座標軸Ｘに沿って移動させることができる。底板１６には外気を流入させる通気穴を形成するのが好ましい。 As shown in FIG. 3B, the plate portion 65a of the bracket 65 is formed with convex portions 65y on the side edges in the width direction, that is, the upper and lower side edges, and the convex portions 65y form the bottom plate 16 and the ceiling. It enters the guide slits 16a and 17a formed in the plate 17. As a result, the bracket 65 can be moved along the coordinate axis X in a stable posture. It is preferable to form a ventilation hole in the bottom plate 16 to allow outside air to flow in.

上記構成をなす換気装置１の作用を図６を参照しながら説明する。気温が６℃未満（低温領域）の寒冷時には、形状記憶バネ３３，４３のバネ定数は非常に小さい。そのため、図３（Ａ）に示すように、第１アクチュエータ部３０では、バイアスバネ３４が形状記憶バネ３３に打ち勝ち、スライダ３２（第１移動体Ｍ１）は、ケース３１に対して第２方向Ｘｂに移動している。この際、スライダ３２の一端部３２ａがケース３１の端壁３１ａに当たるため、スライダ３２は第２方向Ｘｂへの移動を制限されている。このケース３１の端壁３１ａとスライダ３２の端部３２ａにより、第１規制手段が構成されている。
他方、第２アクチュエータ部４０では、バイアスバネ４４が形状記憶バネ４３に打ち勝つので、スライダ４２（第２移動体Ｍ２）は第１方向Ｘａへ移動している。この際、スライダ４２の端部４２ｂがケース４１の端壁４１ｂに当たるので、スライダ４２は第１方向Ｘａへの移動を制限されている。このケース４１の端壁４１ｂとスライダ４２の端部４２ｂにより、第４規制手段が構成されている。
その結果、スライダ４２およびブラケット６５は、前述した第１位置にあり、回転羽根２０は全閉位置にある。そのため、屋外の冷気が侵入したり室内の暖気が逃げたりすることがなく、高い暖房効率を維持できる。 The operation of the ventilation device 1 having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG. When the temperature is colder than 6 ° C. (low temperature region), the spring constants of the shape memory springs 33 and 43 are very small. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, in the first actuator unit 30, the bias spring 34 overcomes the shape memory spring 33, and the slider 32 (first moving body M1) moves in the second direction Xb with respect to the case 31. Have moved to. At this time, since one end 32a of the slider 32 hits the end wall 31a of the case 31, the slider 32 is restricted from moving in the second direction Xb. The end wall 31a of the case 31 and the end portion 32a of the slider 32 constitute the first regulating means.
On the other hand, in the second actuator unit 40, since the bias spring 44 overcomes the shape memory spring 43, the slider 42 (second moving body M2) is moving in the first direction Xa. At this time, since the end portion 42b of the slider 42 hits the end wall 41b of the case 41, the slider 42 is restricted from moving in the first direction Xa. The end wall 41b of the case 41 and the end 42b of the slider 42 form a fourth regulating means.
As a result, the slider 42 and the bracket 65 are in the first position described above, and the rotary vane 20 is in the fully closed position. Therefore, high heating efficiency can be maintained without the intrusion of cold air from the outside and the escape of warm air from the room.

上記の低温時において、第１アクチュエータ部３０のスライダ３２の第２方向Ｘｂへの移動が制限され、第２アクチュエータ部４０のバイアスバネ４４の力がバイアスバネ３４の力に干渉ないしは相殺されないので、確実に回転羽根２０を閉じ位置に保持することができる。 At the above low temperature, the movement of the slider 32 of the first actuator unit 30 in the second direction Xb is restricted, and the force of the bias spring 44 of the second actuator unit 40 does not interfere with or cancel the force of the bias spring 34. The rotary blade 20 can be reliably held in the closed position.

気温が６℃に達すると、第２アクチュエータ部４０の形状記憶バネ４３のバネ力が上昇してバイアスバネ４４と等しくなる。さらに温度上昇すると、形状記憶バネ４３のバネ力が略リニアに上昇し、温度上昇分だけスライダ４２（第２移動体Ｍ２）を第２方向Ｘｂに移動させる。その結果、ピン６２が円弧穴６３の一端部６３ａから離れ、回転羽根２０が開き始める。このようにして、６℃〜１６℃の温度範囲（中間温度領域）では、温度に応じた開度になるように回転羽根２０が制御される。温度が高くなるほど開度が大きくなる。
上記第２アクチュエータ部４０による開度制御の際に、第１アクチュエータ部３０のスライダ３２は図３の位置（すなわち、スライダ３２の端部３２ａがケース３１の端壁３１ａに当たった位置）を維持しており、上記開度制御に影響を与えない。 When the air temperature reaches 6 ° C., the spring force of the shape memory spring 43 of the second actuator portion 40 increases and becomes equal to the bias spring 44. When the temperature further rises, the spring force of the shape memory spring 43 rises substantially linearly, and the slider 42 (second moving body M2) is moved in the second direction Xb by the temperature rise. As a result, the pin 62 is separated from the one end portion 63a of the arc hole 63, and the rotary blade 20 begins to open. In this way, in the temperature range of 6 ° C. to 16 ° C. (intermediate temperature region), the rotary blade 20 is controlled so that the opening degree corresponds to the temperature. The higher the temperature, the larger the opening.
When the opening degree is controlled by the second actuator unit 40, the slider 32 of the first actuator unit 30 maintains the position shown in FIG. 3 (that is, the position where the end portion 32a of the slider 32 hits the end wall 31a of the case 31). This does not affect the opening control.

さらに気温が上昇して１６℃に達すると、図４（Ａ）に示すように、スライダ４２が第２位置に至り、回転羽根２０は全開位置になる。この時、スライダ４２の端部４２ａがケース４１の端壁４１ａに当たり、スライダ４２の第２方向Ｘｂへの移動が制限される。この回転羽根２０の全開状態は、気温が１６℃〜２６℃（常温領域）の間で維持される。
上記ケース４１の端壁４１ａとスライダ４２の端部４２ａにより、第２規制手段が構成されている。 When the air temperature further rises to 16 ° C., as shown in FIG. 4A, the slider 42 reaches the second position and the rotary blade 20 is in the fully open position. At this time, the end portion 42a of the slider 42 hits the end wall 41a of the case 41, and the movement of the slider 42 in the second direction Xb is restricted. The fully open state of the rotary blade 20 is maintained at a temperature between 16 ° C. and 26 ° C. (normal temperature region).
The end wall 41a of the case 41 and the end portion 42a of the slider 42 constitute a second regulating means.

気温が２６℃に達すると、第１アクチュエータ部３０の形状記憶バネ３３のバネ力が上昇しバイアスバネ３４と等しくなる。さらに温度上昇すると、形状記憶バネ３３のバネ力が略リニアに上昇し、温度上昇分だけスライダ３２（第１移動体Ｍ１）を第１方向Ｘａに移動させる。その結果、回転羽根２０が閉じ始める。このようにして、２６℃〜３６℃の温度範囲（中間温度領域）では、温度に応じた開度になるように回転羽根２０が制御される。温度が高くなるほど開度が小さくなる。
上記第１アクチュエータ部３０による開度制御の際に、第２アクチュエータ部４０のスライダ４２は図４の位置（すなわち、スライダ４２の端部４２ａがケース４１の端壁４１ａに当たった位置）を維持しており、上記開度制御に影響を与えない。すなわち、第１アクチュエータ部３０の形状記憶バネ３３の力が、形状記憶バネ４３の力に干渉ないしは相殺されない。 When the air temperature reaches 26 ° C., the spring force of the shape memory spring 33 of the first actuator portion 30 increases and becomes equal to the bias spring 34. When the temperature further rises, the spring force of the shape memory spring 33 rises substantially linearly, and the slider 32 (first moving body M1) is moved in the first direction Xa by the amount of the temperature rise. As a result, the rotary blade 20 begins to close. In this way, in the temperature range of 26 ° C. to 36 ° C. (intermediate temperature region), the rotary blade 20 is controlled so that the opening degree corresponds to the temperature. The higher the temperature, the smaller the opening.
When the opening degree is controlled by the first actuator unit 30, the slider 42 of the second actuator unit 40 maintains the position shown in FIG. 4 (that is, the position where the end portion 42a of the slider 42 abuts on the end wall 41a of the case 41). This does not affect the opening control. That is, the force of the shape memory spring 33 of the first actuator unit 30 does not interfere with or cancel the force of the shape memory spring 43.

気温が３６℃に達すると、第１アクチュエータ部３０の形状記憶バネ３３がバイアスバネ３４に完全に打ち勝ち、回転羽根２０は全閉状態となる。そのため、屋外の熱気が侵入したり室内の冷気が逃げることがなく、高い冷房効率を維持できる。この際、第１アクチュエータ部３０のスライダ３２の端部３２ｂがケース３１の端壁３１ｂに当たる。このケース３１の端壁３１ｂとスライダ３２の端部３２ｂにより、第３規制手段が構成されている。上記第２アクチュエータ部４０のスライダ４２はケース４１に対して図４の位置を維持している。 When the air temperature reaches 36 ° C., the shape memory spring 33 of the first actuator unit 30 completely overcomes the bias spring 34, and the rotary blade 20 is fully closed. Therefore, high cooling efficiency can be maintained without invading outdoor hot air or escaping indoor cold air. At this time, the end portion 32b of the slider 32 of the first actuator portion 30 hits the end wall 31b of the case 31. The end wall 31b of the case 31 and the end 32b of the slider 32 form a third regulating means. The slider 42 of the second actuator unit 40 maintains the position shown in FIG. 4 with respect to the case 41.

上記実施形態において、第１アクチュエータ部３０の形状記憶バネ３３とバイアスバネ３４の付勢方向を逆にするとともに、第２アクチュエータ部４０の形状記憶バネ４３とバイアスバネ４４の付勢方向を逆にしてもよい。この場合、形状記憶バネ４３の変態温度は形状記憶バネ３３より高温側にシフトする。
また、気温が低い時に室内で燃焼器具を使用する場合には、通気路１３を全閉にせず、燃焼ガスを排気するために、閉じ位置において少量の空気の流通を許容する状態（例えば２／３閉じ）にしてもよい。 In the above embodiment, the shape memory spring 33 and the bias spring 34 of the first actuator portion 30 are urged in opposite directions, and the shape memory spring 43 and the bias spring 44 of the second actuator portion 40 are urged in opposite directions. You may. In this case, the transformation temperature of the shape memory spring 43 shifts to a higher temperature side than the shape memory spring 33.
Further, when a combustion appliance is used indoors when the temperature is low, the ventilation path 13 is not completely closed, and a small amount of air is allowed to flow in the closed position in order to exhaust the combustion gas (for example, 2 /). 3 closed) may be used.

次に、本発明の第２実施形態に係る温度感応型アクチュエータについて、図７を参照しながら説明する。第２実施形態において第１実施形態に対応する構成部には同番号または同番号に「’」を付けて詳細な説明を省略する。本実施形態では、第１アクチュエータ部３０’の形状記憶バネ３３’とバイアスバネ３４’、第２アクチュエータ部４０’の形状記憶バネ４３’とバイアスバネ４４’は、引張コイルバネである。 Next, the temperature-sensitive actuator according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 7. In the second embodiment, the same number or the same number with "'" is added to the components corresponding to the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In the present embodiment, the shape memory spring 33'and the bias spring 34'of the first actuator portion 30', and the shape memory spring 43' and the bias spring 44'of the second actuator portion 40' are tension coil springs.

第１アクチュエータ部３０’のスライダ３２は２つのバネ掛け部３２ｊ、３２ｋを有し、これらバネ掛け部３２ｊ、３２ｋと、ケース３１との間に形状記憶バネ３３’とバイアスバネ３４’が掛けられている。第１実施形態とは逆に、形状記憶バネ３３’は第２方向Ｘｂにスライダ３２を付勢し、バイアスバネ３４’は第１方向Ｘａにスライダ３２を付勢する。 The slider 32 of the first actuator portion 30'has two spring hooking portions 32j and 32k, and a shape memory spring 33'and a bias spring 34'are hooked between the spring hooking portions 32j and 32k and the case 31. ing. Contrary to the first embodiment, the shape memory spring 33'biases the slider 32 in the second direction Xb, and the bias spring 34' urges the slider 32 in the first direction Xa.

同様に第２アクチュエータ部４０’のスライダ４２は２つのバネ掛け部４２ｊ、４２ｋを有し、これらバネ掛け部４２ｊ、４２ｋと、ケース４１との間に形状記憶バネ４３’とバイアスバネ４４’が掛けられている。形状記憶バネ４３’は第１方向Ｘａにスライダ４２を付勢し、バイアスバネ４４’は第２方向Ｘｂにスライダ４２を付勢する。 Similarly, the slider 42 of the second actuator portion 40'has two spring hooking portions 42j and 42k, and a shape memory spring 43'and a bias spring 44'are located between the spring hooking portions 42j and 42k and the case 41. It is hung. The shape memory spring 43'biases the slider 42 in the first direction Xa, and the bias spring 44' urges the slider 42 in the second direction Xb.

この第２実施形態において、形状記憶バネ３３’と形状記憶バネ４３’の温度―バネ定数の特性は、同様の曲線を描くが、形状記憶バネ４３’の変態温度は形状記憶バネ３３’より高温側にシフトしている。 In this second embodiment, the temperature-spring constant characteristics of the shape memory spring 33'and the shape memory spring 43'draw a similar curve, but the transformation temperature of the shape memory spring 43'is higher than that of the shape memory spring 33'. It is shifting to the side.

６℃未満の低温時の状態が図７（Ａ）に示されている。第２アクチュエータ部４０’のスライダ４２は、バイアスバネ４４’の力で第２方向Ｘｂに移動されており、その端部４２ａがケース４１の端壁４１ａに当たることにより、その移動が制限されている。
第２アクチュエータ部３０’のスライダ３２は、バイアスバネ３４’の力で第１方向Ｘａに移動されており、その端部３２ｂがケース３１の端壁３１ｂに当たることにより、その移動を制限されている。
その結果、スライダ４２とブラケット６５は第１位置にあり、回転羽根は全閉となっている。 The state at a low temperature of less than 6 ° C. is shown in FIG. 7 (A). The slider 42 of the second actuator portion 40'is moved in the second direction Xb by the force of the bias spring 44', and its movement is restricted by the end portion 42a hitting the end wall 41a of the case 41. ..
The slider 32 of the second actuator portion 30'is moved in the first direction Xa by the force of the bias spring 34', and its movement is restricted by the end portion 32b hitting the end wall 31b of the case 31. ..
As a result, the slider 42 and the bracket 65 are in the first position, and the rotary blades are fully closed.

６℃〜１６℃の温度範囲では、形状記憶バネ３３’の弾性力が上昇し、回転羽根の開度制御が実行される。
１６℃〜２６℃では、図７（Ｂ）に示すように、形状記憶バネ３３’がバイアスバネ３４’に打ち勝ち、スライダ３２が第２方向Ｘｂに移動されており、その端部３２ａがケース３１の端壁３１ａに当たることにより、その移動が制限されている。その結果、スライダ４２とブラケット６５は第２位置にあり、回転羽根は全開となっている。 In the temperature range of 6 ° C. to 16 ° C., the elastic force of the shape memory spring 33'increases, and the opening degree control of the rotary blade is executed.
At 16 ° C to 26 ° C, as shown in FIG. 7B, the shape memory spring 33'overcomes the bias spring 34', the slider 32 is moved in the second direction Xb, and its end 32a is the case 31. The movement is restricted by hitting the end wall 31a of the. As a result, the slider 42 and the bracket 65 are in the second position, and the rotary blades are fully opened.

２６℃〜３６℃の温度範囲では、形状記憶バネ４３’の弾性力が上昇し、回転羽根の開度制御が実行される。
３６℃を超えると、形状記憶バネ４３’がバイアスバネ４４’に打ち勝ち、図７（Ｃ）に示すようにスライダ４２が第１方向Ｘａに移動されており、その端部４２ｂがケース４１の端壁４１ｂに当たることにより、その移動が制限されている。その結果、スライダ４２とブラケット６５は第１位置にあり、回転羽根は全閉となる。 In the temperature range of 26 ° C. to 36 ° C., the elastic force of the shape memory spring 43'is increased, and the opening degree control of the rotary blade is executed.
When the temperature exceeds 36 ° C., the shape memory spring 43'overcomes the bias spring 44', the slider 42 is moved in the first direction Xa as shown in FIG. 7C, and the end portion 42b is the end of the case 41. Its movement is restricted by hitting the wall 41b. As a result, the slider 42 and the bracket 65 are in the first position, and the rotary blades are fully closed.

図８は本発明の第３実施形態に係る換気装置の要部を示す。装置本体は図８の紙面と直交する方向に長く形成されている。装置本体の主壁８１には通気口８１ａが形成されている。この主壁８１には、装置本体の長手方向に延びる作動板８２（作動部材）が、回動可能かつ装置本体の長手方向にスライド可能に支持されている。作動板８２の長手方向の一端部には、上述した実施形態と同様の温度感応型アクチュエータが連携手段を介して連結されている。この温度感応型アクチュエータの座標軸（図３の符号Ｘ参照）は、作動板８２のスライド方向に延びている。温度感応型アクチュエータにより作動板８２がスライドすると、この作動板８２は図示しないカム機構により、主壁８１に接近、離間する方向に回動し、通気穴８１ａを開閉する。 FIG. 8 shows a main part of the ventilation device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The main body of the device is formed long in a direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. A vent 81a is formed in the main wall 81 of the main body of the apparatus. An actuating plate 82 (acting member) extending in the longitudinal direction of the device body is supported on the main wall 81 so as to be rotatable and slidable in the longitudinal direction of the device body. A temperature-sensitive actuator similar to the above-described embodiment is connected to one end of the operating plate 82 in the longitudinal direction via a linking means. The coordinate axes of the temperature-sensitive actuator (see reference numeral X in FIG. 3) extend in the sliding direction of the operating plate 82. When the operating plate 82 is slid by the temperature-sensitive actuator, the operating plate 82 is rotated in the direction of approaching and separating from the main wall 81 by a cam mechanism (not shown) to open and close the ventilation hole 81a.

図９は本発明の第４実施形態に係る換気装置の要部を示す。装置本体は図９の紙面と直交する方向に長く形成されている。装置本体の主壁９１には多数の通気口９１ａが長手方向に等間隔をなして形成されている。主壁９１には作動板９２（作動部材）が長手方向にスライド可能に接している。作動板９２には、通気口９１ａと同一形状、同一ピッチをなして制御口９２ａが形成されている。この作動板９２の長手方向一端部には、図８の第３実施形態と同様にして温度感応型アクチュエータが連結されている。 FIG. 9 shows a main part of the ventilation device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The main body of the device is formed long in a direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. A large number of vents 91a are formed on the main wall 91 of the main body of the apparatus at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction. An actuating plate 92 (acting member) is slidably in contact with the main wall 91 in the longitudinal direction. The operating plate 92 is formed with a control port 92a having the same shape and pitch as the ventilation port 91a. A temperature-sensitive actuator is connected to one end of the operating plate 92 in the longitudinal direction in the same manner as in the third embodiment of FIG.

本発明は、上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において各種の変形例を採用することができる。例えば、第１実施形態において、巻部分が密に接した状態のバネを、規制手段として用いてもよい。
全閉となる低温領域及び高温領域と全開となる常温領域は、適宜変更可能である。
支持構造は装置本体と一体をなしていてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be adopted without departing from the gist thereof. For example, in the first embodiment, a spring in which the wound portions are in close contact with each other may be used as a regulating means.
The fully closed low temperature region and the high temperature region and the fully open normal temperature region can be appropriately changed.
The support structure may be integrated with the device body.

本発明は、気温に応じて自動的に開閉制御する換気装置に適用することができる。 The present invention can be applied to a ventilation device that automatically controls opening and closing according to the air temperature.

Ａ温度感応型アクチュエータ
Ｍ１第１移動体
Ｍ２第２移動体
Ｘ特定座標軸
１換気装置
１０装置本体
１３通気路
２０回転羽根（作動部材）
３０，３０’ 第１アクチュエータ部
３１ケース（第１アクチュエータ本体；支持構造）
３１ａケースの端壁（第１規制手段）
３１ｂケースの端壁（第３規制手段）
３２第１スライダ
３２ａ第１スライダの端部（ストッパ、第１規制手段）
３２ｂ第１スライダの端部（ストッパ、第３規制手段）
３３，３３’ 第１形状記憶バネ
３４，３４’ 第１バイアスバネ
３５第１バネ受け
４０，４０’ 第２アクチュエータ部
４１ケース（第２アクチュエータ本体）
４１ａケースの端壁（第２規制手段）
４１ｂケースの端壁（第４規制手段）
４２第２スライダ
４２ａ第２スライダの端部（ストッパ、第２規制手段）
４２ｂ第２スライダの端部（ストッパ、第４規制手段）
４３，４３’ 第２形状記憶バネ
４４，４４’ 第２バイアスバネ
４５第２バネ受け
６０連携機構（連携手段）
８２，９２作動板（作動部材） A Temperature-sensitive actuator M1 1st moving body M2 2nd moving body X Specific coordinate axis 1 Ventilation device 10 Device body 13 Ventilation path 20 Rotating blade (acting member)
30, 30'1st actuator part 31 case (1st actuator body; support structure)
31a Case end wall (first regulatory means)
31b Case end wall (third regulatory means)
32 1st slider 32a End of 1st slider (stopper, 1st regulatory means)
32b End of 1st slider (stopper, 3rd regulating means)
33, 33'First shape memory spring 34, 34' First bias spring 35 First spring receiver 40, 40' Second actuator part 41 Case (second actuator body)
41a Case end wall (second regulatory means)
41b Case end wall (4th regulatory means)
42 2nd slider 42a End of 2nd slider (stopper, 2nd regulating means)
42b End of 2nd slider (stopper, 4th regulatory means)
43, 43'Second shape memory spring 44, 44' Second bias spring 45 Second spring receiver 60 Coordination mechanism (cooperation means)
82,92 Acting plate (acting member)

Claims

In a ventilation device including a device main body having a ventilation path, an operating member supported by the device main body to open and close the ventilation path, and a temperature-sensitive actuator that automatically opens and closes the operating member according to temperature. ,
The temperature-sensitive actuator is
(A) The support structure provided in the main body of the device and
(B) A first moving body that can move along a specific coordinate axis with respect to the support structure,
(C) A second moving body that can move along the specific coordinate axis with respect to the first moving body,
(D) A first shape memory spring and a first bias spring, which are arranged between the support structure and the first moving body and apply a force to the first moving body in opposite directions along the specific coordinate axes.
(E) A second shape memory spring that is arranged between the first moving body and the second moving body and applies a force to the second moving body in opposite directions along the longitudinal direction of the specific coordinate axis. With the second bias spring
(F) The second moving body is linked to the operating member, and when the second moving body moves in the first direction along the specific coordinate axis, the operating member is closed and the second moving body operates. A coordinating means for opening and operating the operating member when moving in the second direction opposite to the first direction,
(G) A first regulatory means for regulating the movement of the first moving body with respect to the support structure in the second direction, and
(H) A second regulatory means for regulating the movement of the second moving body with respect to the first moving body in the second direction, and
With
One of the first and second shape memory springs urges one of the corresponding first and second moving bodies in the first direction, and the first and second moving bodies correspond to the first and second shape memory springs. The other of the shape memory springs urges the other moving body of the corresponding first and second moving bodies in the second direction, and the transformation temperature of the one shape memory spring is set. , A ventilation device characterized in that it is set higher than the other shape memory spring described above.

Further, a third regulating means for restricting the movement of the first moving body with respect to the supporting structure in the first direction and a third regulating means for restricting the movement of the second moving body with respect to the first moving body in the first direction are regulated. The ventilation device according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth regulatory means.

In a ventilation device including a device main body having a ventilation path, an operating member supported by the device main body to open and close the ventilation path, and a temperature-sensitive actuator that automatically opens and closes the operating member according to temperature. ,
The temperature-sensitive actuator includes a first actuator section and a second actuator section.
The first actuator unit includes a first actuator main body, a first slider slidably supported by the first actuator main body along a specific coordinate axis, and a force on the first slider in opposite directions along the specific coordinate axis. Has a first shape memory spring and a first bias spring
The second actuator unit includes a second actuator main body, a second slider slidably supported by the second actuator main body along the specific coordinate axis, and the second slider in opposite directions along the specific coordinate axis. It has a second shape memory spring and a second bias spring that give the force of
The first actuator main body is fixed to the device main body, the second actuator main body is fixed to the first slider, and the second slider is linked to the operating member via a linking means.
When the second slider moves in the first direction along the specific coordinate axis, the operating member is closed, and when the second slider moves in the second direction opposite to the first direction, the operation member is closed. It is designed to open and operate the operating member,
One of the first and second shape memory springs urges one of the corresponding first and second sliders in the first direction to store the first and second shape. The other of the springs urges the other slider of the corresponding first and second sliders in the second direction, and the transformation temperature of the one shape memory spring is the same as that of the other. It is set higher than the shape memory spring,
Further, the first actuator section has a first regulating means for restricting the movement of the first slider in the second direction, and the second actuator section moves the second slider in the second direction. A ventilation device characterized by having a second regulatory means for regulating movement.

Further, claim 3 is characterized in that the first and second actuator units have third and fourth regulating means for restricting the movement of the first and second sliders in the first direction, respectively. The ventilator described.

The first and second actuator bodies have a pair of end walls facing each other in the specific coordinate axis direction, and the first and second sliders form a rod shape extending along the coordinate axes to form the first and second actuators. It is slidably inserted into the pair of end walls of the main body, and the first and second sliders have a pair of stoppers that hit the pair of end walls, respectively.
The pair of end walls of the first actuator body and the pair of stoppers of the first slider are provided as the first and third regulating means.
The ventilation device according to claim 4, wherein the pair of end walls of the second actuator body and the pair of stoppers of the second slider are provided as the second and fourth regulating means.

The first and second sliders have a slide portion through which the pair of end walls are inserted, and both end portions having different cross-sectional shapes from the slide portion adjacent to the slide portion, and both end portions are provided as the stoppers. The ventilation device according to claim 5.

The first and second actuator main bodies have an internal space and are formed of an elongated case along the specific coordinate axes, and the first and second shape memory springs and the first and second bias springs are along the specific coordinate axes. The ventilation device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the ventilation device is formed of a coil spring that extends and is housed in the case.

The first and second shape memory springs and the first and second bias springs are composed of compression coil springs, and the first and second spring receivers having a tubular shape are fixed to the first and second sliders, respectively.
One of the first shape memory spring and the first bias spring is arranged inside the first spring receiver, and the other is arranged outside the first spring receiver.
7. The seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that one of the second shape memory spring and the second bias spring is arranged inside the second spring receiver, and the other is arranged outside the second spring receiver. The ventilator described.

3. The operating member is provided as a rotary blade rotatably supported by the main body of the apparatus, and the cooperation means converts the linear motion of the second slider into the rotary motion of the rotary blade. 8. The ventilation device according to any one of 8.